def setup_render_vertexbuffer():
'''
Create the vertexbuffer object for the rendering program
'''
gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, ctypes.byref(render_vao))
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(render_vertexbuffer))
loc_position = gl.glGetAttribLocation(render_program, ctypes.create_string_buffer(b'position'))
loc_color = gl.glGetAttribLocation(render_program, ctypes.create_string_buffer(b'color'))
if loc_position < 0:
print('Warning: position is not used in the shader')
if loc_color < 0:
print('Warning: color is not used in the shader')
gl.glBindVertexArray(render_vao)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc_position)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc_color)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, render_vertexbuffer)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(loc_position, 2, gl.GL_FLOAT, False, ctypes.sizeof(COLOR_VERTEX), ctypes.c_void_p(COLOR_VERTEX.position.offset))
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(loc_color, 4, gl.GL_FLOAT, False, ctypes.sizeof(COLOR_VERTEX), ctypes.c_void_p(COLOR_VERTEX.color.offset))
gl.glBindVertexArray(0)
def __init__(self):
self.seed()
self.contactListener_keepref = FrictionDetector(self)
self.world = Box2D.b2World(
(0, 0), contactListener=self.contactListener_keepref)
self.viewer = None
self.invisible_state_window = None
self.invisible_video_window = None
self.road = None
self.car = None
self.reward = 0.0
self.prev_reward = 0.0
self.action_space = spaces.Box(np.array([-1, 0, 0]),
np.array([+1, +1,
+1])) # steer, gas, brake
self.observation_space = spaces.Box(low=0,
high=255,
shape=(STATE_H, STATE_W, 3),
dtype=np.uint8)
#VBO stuff
self.vertex_vbo_id = gl.GLuint()
self.color_vbo_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.vertex_vbo_id)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.color_vbo_id)
self.initialized = 0
def vertex_attrib(self, name, data, size=2, stride=0, offset=0):
"""
Set vertex attribute data in a shader, lacks the flexibility of
setting several attributes in one vertex buffer.
Parameters
----------
name: the attribute name in the shader.
data: a list of vertex attributes (positions, colors, ...)
Example: name = "positions", data = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1].
"""
data_ctype = (gl.GLfloat * len(data))(*data)
vbo_id = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ct.byref(vbo_id))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ct.sizeof(data_ctype), data_ctype,
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
location = gl.glGetAttribLocation(self.program, name.encode("ascii"))
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(location)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(location, size, gl.GL_FLOAT, gl.GL_FALSE,
stride, ct.c_void_p(offset))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
return vbo_id
def create_line_generic(draw_type: int,
point_list: PointList,
color: Color, line_width: float=1):
"""
This function is used by ``create_line_strip`` and ``create_line_loop``,
just changing the OpenGL type for the line drawing.
"""
data = []
for point in point_list:
data.append(point[0])
data.append(point[1])
vbo_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
# Create a buffer with the data
# This line of code is a bit strange.
# (gl.GLfloat * len(data)) creates an array of GLfloats, one for each number
# (*data) initalizes the list with the floats. *data turns the list into a
# tuple.
data2 = (gl.GLfloat * len(data))(*data)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(data) // 2, draw_type)
shape.color = color
shape.line_width = line_width
return shape
def set_vertex_attrib(self, name, data):
'''
this is an ugly way to set vertex attribute data in a shader.
lacks the flexibility of setting several attributes in one vertex buffer.
name: the attribute name in the shader.
data: a list of vertex attributes (positions, colors, texcoords, normals,...)
example:
name = 'positions'
data = [(1, 1, 0), (2, 2, 1), ...]
the items in data must all be 1D lists(or tuples) of the same length.
'''
data_flatten = [x for vertex in data for x in vertex]
size = len(data[0])
data_ctype = (gl.GLfloat * len(data_flatten))(*data_flatten)
vbo_id = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ct.byref(vbo_id))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ct.sizeof(data_ctype), data_ctype, gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
location = gl.glGetAttribLocation(self.program, name.encode('ascii'))
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(location)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(location, size, gl.GL_FLOAT, gl.GL_FALSE, 0, 0)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
return vbo_id
def __init__(self, **args):
super(Window, self).__init__(**args)
self.vao = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, ctypes.byref(self.vao))
gl.glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
self.vbo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(self.vbo))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vbo)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
ctypes.sizeof(gl.GLfloat * len(vertex_positions)),
(gl.GLfloat *
len(vertex_positions))(*vertex_positions),
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, gl.GL_FLOAT, gl.GL_FALSE, 0, 0)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
self.ibo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.ibo)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.ibo)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,
ctypes.sizeof(gl.GLuint * len(indices)),
(gl.GLuint * len(indices))(*indices),
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
def __init__(self):
self.fbo = gl.GLuint(0)
self.rendered_texture = gl.GLuint(0)
self.depthrenderbuffer = gl.GLuint(0)
self.pickingbuffer = gl.GLuint(0)
self.vertex_buffer = gl.GLuint(0)
self.program = GlProgram(shaders.vertex_copy, shaders.fragment_copy)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, pointer(self.vertex_buffer))
data = (gl.GLfloat * 16)(-1, -1, 0, 0,
- 1, 1, 0, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1,
1, -1, 1, 0)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vertex_buffer)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(data), data, gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
gl.glGenFramebuffers(1, pointer(self.fbo))
if not self.fbo:
logging.error('failed fbo')
gl.glBindFramebuffer(gl.GL_FRAMEBUFFER, self.fbo)
gl.glGenTextures(1, pointer(self.rendered_texture))
if not self.rendered_texture:
logging.error('failed rendered_texture')
gl.glGenRenderbuffers(1, pointer(self.depthrenderbuffer))
gl.glGenRenderbuffers(1, pointer(self.pickingbuffer))
self.resize(1, 1)
def setup_copy_vertexbuffer():
'''
Create the vertexbuffer object for the copying program
'''
# gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, ctypes.byref(copy_vao))
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(copy_vertexbuffer))
loc_position = gl.glGetAttribLocation(
copy_program, ctypes.create_string_buffer(b'position'))
loc_texcoord = gl.glGetAttribLocation(
copy_program, ctypes.create_string_buffer(b'texcoord'))
if loc_position < 0:
print('Warning: position is not used in the shader')
if loc_texcoord < 0:
print('Warning: texcoord is not used in the shader')
gl.glBindVertexArray(copy_vao)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc_position)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc_texcoord)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, copy_vertexbuffer)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(loc_position, 2, gl.GL_FLOAT, False,
ctypes.sizeof(TEXTURE_VERTEX),
ctypes.c_void_p(TEXTURE_VERTEX.position.offset))
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(loc_texcoord, 2, gl.GL_FLOAT, False,
ctypes.sizeof(TEXTURE_VERTEX),
ctypes.c_void_p(TEXTURE_VERTEX.texcoord.offset))
gl.glBindVertexArray(0)
def setup_render_vertexbuffer():
'''
Create the vertexbuffer object for the rendering program
'''
gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, ctypes.byref(render_vao))
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(render_vertexbuffer))
loc_position = gl.glGetAttribLocation(
render_program, ctypes.create_string_buffer(b'position'))
loc_color = gl.glGetAttribLocation(render_program,
ctypes.create_string_buffer(b'color'))
if loc_position < 0:
print('Warning: position is not used in the shader')
if loc_color < 0:
print('Warning: color is not used in the shader')
gl.glBindVertexArray(render_vao)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc_position)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc_color)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, render_vertexbuffer)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(loc_position, 2, gl.GL_FLOAT, False,
ctypes.sizeof(COLOR_VERTEX),
ctypes.c_void_p(COLOR_VERTEX.position.offset))
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(loc_color, 4, gl.GL_FLOAT, False,
ctypes.sizeof(COLOR_VERTEX),
ctypes.c_void_p(COLOR_VERTEX.color.offset))
gl.glBindVertexArray(0)
def __init__(self, data, dimension=3):
"""
Vertex Buffer Object for storing data in OpenGl.
Args:
data: An array of values.
dimension: Whether the array is 1D, 2D, 3D or 4D.
"""
data_type = c_float
elements = len(data)
buffer_type = data_type * elements
buffer = buffer_type()
buffer[:] = data # About 2.5 times faster than passing arguments during initialization.
handle = c_uint()
glGenBuffers(1, handle)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, handle)
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, elements * sizeof(data_type), buffer,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
super(VBO, self).__init__(handle.value)
self.data_type = GL_FLOAT
self.count = elements // dimension
self.dimension = dimension
def set_vertex_attrib(self, name, data):
"""This is an ugly way to set vertex attribute data in a shader, it lacks
the flexibility of setting several attributes in one vertex buffer.
name: the attribute name in the shader.
data: a list of vertex attributes (positions, colors, texcoords, normals,...)
example: name = 'positions', data = [(1, 1, 0), (2, 2, 1), ...]
the items in data must all be 1D lists(or tuples) of the same length.
"""
data_flatten = [x for vertex in data for x in vertex]
size = len(data[0])
data_ctype = (gl.GLfloat * len(data_flatten))(*data_flatten)
vbo_id = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ct.byref(vbo_id))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ct.sizeof(data_ctype), data_ctype,
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
location = gl.glGetAttribLocation(self.program, name.encode('ascii'))
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(location)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(location, size, gl.GL_FLOAT, gl.GL_FALSE, 0,
0)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
return vbo_id
def __init__(
self, ctx, data: Optional[Any] = None, reserve: int = 0, usage: str = "static"
):
"""
:param Context ctx: The context this buffer belongs to
:param Any data: The data this buffer should contain. It can be bytes or any object supporting the buffer protocol.
:param int reserve: Create a buffer of a specific byte size
:param str usage: A hit of this buffer is ``static`` or ``dynamic`` (can mostly be ignored)
"""
self._ctx = ctx
self._glo = glo = gl.GLuint()
self._size = -1
self._usage = Buffer._usages[usage]
gl.glGenBuffers(1, byref(self._glo))
# print(f"glGenBuffers() -> {self._glo.value}")
if self._glo.value == 0:
raise RuntimeError("Cannot create Buffer object.")
# print(f"glBindBuffer({self._glo.value})")
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._glo)
# print(f"glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, {self._size}, data, {self._usage})")
if data is not None and len(data) > 0:
self._size, data = data_to_ctypes(data)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._size, data, self._usage)
elif reserve > 0:
self._size = reserve
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._size, None, self._usage)
else:
raise ValueError("Buffer takes byte data or number of reserved bytes")
self.ctx.stats.incr("buffer")
weakref.finalize(self, Buffer.release, self.ctx, glo)
def setup_copy_vertexbuffer():
'''
Create the vertexbuffer object for the copying program
'''
# gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, ctypes.byref(copy_vao))
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(copy_vertexbuffer))
loc_position = gl.glGetAttribLocation(copy_program, ctypes.create_string_buffer(b'position'))
loc_texcoord = gl.glGetAttribLocation(copy_program, ctypes.create_string_buffer(b'texcoord'))
if loc_position < 0:
print('Warning: position is not used in the shader')
if loc_texcoord < 0:
print('Warning: texcoord is not used in the shader')
gl.glBindVertexArray(copy_vao)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc_position)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc_texcoord)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, copy_vertexbuffer)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(loc_position, 2, gl.GL_FLOAT, False, ctypes.sizeof(TEXTURE_VERTEX), ctypes.c_void_p(TEXTURE_VERTEX.position.offset))
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(loc_texcoord, 2, gl.GL_FLOAT, False, ctypes.sizeof(TEXTURE_VERTEX), ctypes.c_void_p(TEXTURE_VERTEX.texcoord.offset))
gl.glBindVertexArray(0)
def create_ellipse(width, height, color):
"""
This creates an ellipse vertex buffer object (VBO). It can later be
drawn with ``render_ellipse_filled``. This method of drawing an ellipse
is much faster than calling ``draw_ellipse_filled`` each frame.
"""
num_segments = 64
data = []
for i in range(num_segments + 1):
theta = 2.0 * 3.1415926 * i / num_segments
x = width * math.cos(theta)
y = height * math.sin(theta)
data.extend([x, y])
vbo_id = GL.GLuint()
GL.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
v2f = data
data2 = (GL.GLfloat*len(v2f))(*v2f)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(v2f)//2, width, height, color)
return shape
def __init__(self, buffer_type, nums_per_vertex, data, data_type):
self.type = buffer_type
self.nums_per_vertex = nums_per_vertex
self.uploaded = False
self.data = data
self.data_type = data_type
self.handle = GLuint()
glGenBuffers(1, self.handle)
def __init__(self, type, data):
self.type = type
self.data = data
self.id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(self.id))
self.data_ptr = (gl.GLfloat * len(data))(*data)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(self.data_ptr), self.data_ptr, gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
def createVertexbuffer(vertexData,
vertexSize=3,
bufferType=GL.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY):
"""Create a static, single-storage Vertex Buffer Object (VBO).
Parameters
----------
vertexData : :obj:`list` or :obj:`tuple` of :obj:`float`
Coordinates as a 1D array of floats (e.g. [X0, Y0, Z0, X1, Y1, Z1, ...])
vertexSize : :obj:`int`
Number of coordinates per-vertex, default is 3.
bufferType : :obj:`int`
The type of data stored in the buffer (e.g. GL_VERTEX_ARRAY,
GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY, GL_NORMAL_ARRAY, etc.)
Returns
-------
Vertexbuffer
A descriptor with vertex buffer information.
Examples
--------
# vertices of a triangle
verts = [ 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, # v0
0.0, -1.0, 0.0, # v1
-1.0, 1.0, 0.0] # v2
# load vertices to graphics device, return a descriptor
vboDesc = createVertexbuffer(verts, 3)
# draw
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboDesc.id)
GL.glVertexPointer(vboDesc.vertexSize, vboDesc.dtype, 0, None)
GL.glEnableClientState(vboDesc.bufferType)
GL.glDrawArrays(GL.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vboDesc.indices)
GL.glFlush()
"""
# convert values to ctypes float array
count = len(vertexData)
c_array = (GL.GLfloat * count)(*vertexData)
# create a vertex buffer ID
vboId = GL.GLuint()
GL.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(vboId))
# new vertex descriptor
vboDesc = Vertexbuffer(vboId, vertexSize, count, int(count / vertexSize),
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW, bufferType,
GL.GL_FLOAT) # always float
# bind and upload
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboId)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(c_array), c_array,
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
return vboDesc
def _create_device_objects(self):
# save state
last_texture = gl.GLint()
gl.glGetIntegerv(gl.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D, byref(last_texture))
last_array_buffer = gl.GLint()
gl.glGetIntegerv(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, byref(last_array_buffer))
last_vertex_array = gl.GLint()
gl.glGetIntegerv(gl.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING, byref(last_vertex_array))
self._shader_handle = gl.glCreateProgram()
# note: no need to store shader parts handles after linking
vertex_shader = gl.glCreateShader(gl.GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
fragment_shader = gl.glCreateShader(gl.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
gl.glShaderSource(vertex_shader, 1, make_string_buffer(self.VERTEX_SHADER_SRC), None)
gl.glShaderSource(fragment_shader, 1, make_string_buffer(self.FRAGMENT_SHADER_SRC), None)
gl.glCompileShader(vertex_shader)
gl.glCompileShader(fragment_shader)
gl.glAttachShader(self._shader_handle, vertex_shader)
gl.glAttachShader(self._shader_handle, fragment_shader)
gl.glLinkProgram(self._shader_handle)
# note: after linking shaders can be removed
gl.glDeleteShader(vertex_shader)
gl.glDeleteShader(fragment_shader)
self._attrib_location_tex = gl.glGetUniformLocation(self._shader_handle, create_string_buffer(b"Texture"))
self._attrib_proj_mtx = gl.glGetUniformLocation(self._shader_handle, create_string_buffer(b"ProjMtx"))
self._attrib_location_position = gl.glGetAttribLocation(self._shader_handle, create_string_buffer(b"Position"))
self._attrib_location_uv = gl.glGetAttribLocation(self._shader_handle, create_string_buffer(b"UV"))
self._attrib_location_color = gl.glGetAttribLocation(self._shader_handle, create_string_buffer(b"Color"))
self._vbo_handle = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, byref(self._vbo_handle))
self._elements_handle = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, byref(self._elements_handle))
self._vao_handle = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, byref(self._vao_handle))
gl.glBindVertexArray(self._vao_handle)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._vbo_handle)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(self._attrib_location_position)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(self._attrib_location_uv)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(self._attrib_location_color)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(self._attrib_location_position, 2, gl.GL_FLOAT, gl.GL_FALSE, imgui.VERTEX_SIZE, c_void_p(imgui.VERTEX_BUFFER_POS_OFFSET))
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(self._attrib_location_uv, 2, gl.GL_FLOAT, gl.GL_FALSE, imgui.VERTEX_SIZE, c_void_p(imgui.VERTEX_BUFFER_UV_OFFSET))
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(self._attrib_location_color, 4, gl.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, gl.GL_TRUE, imgui.VERTEX_SIZE, c_void_p(imgui.VERTEX_BUFFER_COL_OFFSET))
# restore state
gl.glBindTexture(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, cast((c_int*1)(last_texture), POINTER(c_uint)).contents)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, cast((c_int*1)(last_array_buffer), POINTER(c_uint)).contents)
gl.glBindVertexArray(cast((c_int*1)(last_vertex_array), POINTER(c_uint)).contents)
def create_rectangle(center_x: float,
center_y: float,
width: float,
height: float,
color: Color,
border_width: float = 0,
tilt_angle: float = 0,
filled=True) -> VertexBuffer:
"""
This function creates a rectangle using a vertex buffer object.
Creating the rectangle, and then later drawing it with ``render_rectangle``
is faster than calling ``draw_rectangle``.
>>> import arcade
>>> arcade.open_window(800,600,"Drawing Example")
>>> my_rect = arcade.create_rectangle(200, 200, 50, 50, (0, 255, 0), 3, 45)
>>> arcade.render(my_rect)
>>> arcade.finish_render()
>>> arcade.quick_run(0.25)
"""
data = get_rectangle_points(center_x, center_y, width, height, tilt_angle)
# print(data)
vbo_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
# Create a buffer with the data
# This line of code is a bit strange.
# (gl.GLfloat * len(data)) creates an array of GLfloats, one for each number
# (*data) initalizes the list with the floats. *data turns the list into a
# tuple.
data2 = (gl.GLfloat * len(data))(*data)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
if filled:
shape_mode = gl.GL_QUADS
else:
shape_mode = gl.GL_LINE_LOOP
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(data) // 2, shape_mode)
# Colors
shape.vbo_color_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(shape.vbo_color_id))
color_data = _fix_color_list((color, color, color, color))
gl_color_list = (gl.GLfloat * len(color_data))(*color_data)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, shape.vbo_color_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(gl_color_list),
gl_color_list, gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape.line_width = border_width
return shape
def _create_vbo() -> gl.GLuint:
"""
This creates a new vertex buffer id.
"""
vbo_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
return vbo_id
def _create_vbo() -> gl.GLuint:
"""
This creates a new vertex buffer id.
"""
vbo_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
return vbo_id
def __init__(self, ec, fill_color, line_color, line_width, line_loop):
self._ec = ec
self._line_width = line_width
self._line_loop = line_loop # whether or not lines drawn are looped
# initialize program and shaders
from pyglet import gl
self._program = gl.glCreateProgram()
vertex = gl.glCreateShader(gl.GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
buf = create_string_buffer(tri_vert.encode('ASCII'))
ptr = cast(pointer(pointer(buf)), POINTER(POINTER(c_char)))
gl.glShaderSource(vertex, 1, ptr, None)
gl.glCompileShader(vertex)
_check_log(vertex, gl.glGetShaderInfoLog)
fragment = gl.glCreateShader(gl.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
buf = create_string_buffer(tri_frag.encode('ASCII'))
ptr = cast(pointer(pointer(buf)), POINTER(POINTER(c_char)))
gl.glShaderSource(fragment, 1, ptr, None)
gl.glCompileShader(fragment)
_check_log(fragment, gl.glGetShaderInfoLog)
gl.glAttachShader(self._program, vertex)
gl.glAttachShader(self._program, fragment)
gl.glLinkProgram(self._program)
_check_log(self._program, gl.glGetProgramInfoLog)
gl.glDetachShader(self._program, vertex)
gl.glDetachShader(self._program, fragment)
gl.glUseProgram(self._program)
# Prepare buffers and bind attributes
loc = gl.glGetUniformLocation(self._program, b'u_view')
view = ec.window_size_pix
view = np.diag([2. / view[0], 2. / view[1], 1., 1.])
view[-1, :2] = -1
view = view.astype(np.float32).ravel()
gl.glUniformMatrix4fv(loc, 1, False, (c_float * 16)(*view))
self._counts = dict()
self._colors = dict()
self._buffers = dict()
self._points = dict()
self._tris = dict()
for kind in ('line', 'fill'):
self._counts[kind] = 0
self._colors[kind] = (0., 0., 0., 0.)
self._buffers[kind] = dict(array=gl.GLuint())
gl.glGenBuffers(1, pointer(self._buffers[kind]['array']))
self._buffers['fill']['index'] = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, pointer(self._buffers['fill']['index']))
gl.glUseProgram(0)
self.set_fill_color(fill_color)
self.set_line_color(line_color)
def __init__(self, ec, fill_color, line_color, line_width, line_loop):
self._ec = ec
self._line_width = line_width
self._line_loop = line_loop # whether or not lines drawn are looped
# initialize program and shaders
from pyglet import gl
self._program = gl.glCreateProgram()
vertex = gl.glCreateShader(gl.GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
buf = create_string_buffer(tri_vert.encode('ASCII'))
ptr = cast(pointer(pointer(buf)), POINTER(POINTER(c_char)))
gl.glShaderSource(vertex, 1, ptr, None)
gl.glCompileShader(vertex)
_check_log(vertex, gl.glGetShaderInfoLog)
fragment = gl.glCreateShader(gl.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
buf = create_string_buffer(tri_frag.encode('ASCII'))
ptr = cast(pointer(pointer(buf)), POINTER(POINTER(c_char)))
gl.glShaderSource(fragment, 1, ptr, None)
gl.glCompileShader(fragment)
_check_log(fragment, gl.glGetShaderInfoLog)
gl.glAttachShader(self._program, vertex)
gl.glAttachShader(self._program, fragment)
gl.glLinkProgram(self._program)
_check_log(self._program, gl.glGetProgramInfoLog)
gl.glDetachShader(self._program, vertex)
gl.glDetachShader(self._program, fragment)
gl.glUseProgram(self._program)
# Prepare buffers and bind attributes
loc = gl.glGetUniformLocation(self._program, b'u_view')
view = ec.window_size_pix
view = np.diag([2. / view[0], 2. / view[1], 1., 1.])
view[-1, :2] = -1
view = view.astype(np.float32).ravel()
gl.glUniformMatrix4fv(loc, 1, False, (c_float * 16)(*view))
self._counts = dict()
self._colors = dict()
self._buffers = dict()
self._points = dict()
self._tris = dict()
for kind in ('line', 'fill'):
self._counts[kind] = 0
self._colors[kind] = (0., 0., 0., 0.)
self._buffers[kind] = dict(array=gl.GLuint())
gl.glGenBuffers(1, pointer(self._buffers[kind]['array']))
self._buffers['fill']['index'] = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, pointer(self._buffers['fill']['index']))
gl.glUseProgram(0)
self.set_fill_color(fill_color)
self.set_line_color(line_color)
def __init__(self, data: List[int], structure=gl.GLuint):
self.name = gl.GLuint()
self.structure = structure
gl.glGenBuffers(1, byref(self.name))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.name)
self.length = len(data)
self.size = self.length * sizeof(structure)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.size,
(structure * len(data))(*data), gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
def create(cls, data, dimension, type=GLfloat, draw_mode=GL_STATIC_DRAW):
assert type in VBO.VALID_TYPES, "Invalid type for VBO!"
handle = GLuint()
glGenBuffers(1, handle)
glBindBuffer(VBO.TARGET, handle)
glBufferData(VBO.TARGET,
len(data) * sizeof(type), (type * len(data))(*data),
draw_mode)
return cls(handle, dimension, GL_TYPE_TO_CONSTANT[type])
def __init__(self,
vertices: np.ndarray,
indices: np.ndarray,
mode=None,
texture=None):
if mode is None:
mode = gl.GL_TRIANGLES
self.vertices = vertices
self.indices = indices
self.indices_size = indices.size
self.mode = mode
self.texture = texture
self.vao = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, ctypes.byref(self.vao))
gl.glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
self.vbo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(self.vbo))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vbo)
gl.glBufferData(
gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, # target
vertices.nbytes, # size
(gl.GLbyte * vertices.nbytes)(*vertices.tobytes()), # data
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW,
) # usage
self.ebo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(self.ebo))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.ebo)
gl.glBufferData(
gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,
indices.nbytes,
(gl.GLbyte * indices.nbytes)(*indices.tobytes()),
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW,
)
for ind, fld in enumerate(
sorted([f for f in vertices.dtype.fields.items()],
key=lambda i: i[1][1])):
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(
ind, # index
vertices[0][fld[0]].size, # size
gl.GL_FLOAT, # type
gl.GL_FALSE, # normalized
vertices.itemsize, # stride
ctypes.c_void_p(fld[1][1]),
) # pointer
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(ind)
if texture is not None:
texture_image = pyglet.image.load(texture)
self.texture = texture_image.get_texture()
gl.glBindVertexArray(0)
def __init__(self, data, usage=GL_STATIC_DRAW):
"""
Initiate the vertex buffer object on the CPU
"""
self.buffer = GLuint(0)
glGenBuffers(1, self.buffer)
self.buffer = self.buffer.value
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.buffer)
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ADT.arrayByteCount(data),
ADT.voidDataPointer(data), usage)
def __alloc(cls, target, format, usage):
buf = super().__new__(cls)
buf.owned = True
buf.bid = GLuint()
glGenBuffers(1, byref(buf.bid))
glBindBuffer(target, buf.bid)
buf._usage = usage
buf.format = BufferFormat.new(format)
buf.target = target
buf.mapinfo = None
return buf
def __alloc(cls, target, format, usage):
buf = super().__new__(cls)
buf.owned = True
buf.bid = GLuint()
glGenBuffers(1, byref(buf.bid))
glBindBuffer(target, buf.bid)
buf._usage = usage
buf.format = BufferFormat.new(format)
buf.target = target
buf.mapinfo = None
return buf
def initialize_gl(self):
self.program = GlProgram(shaders.vertex_scene, shaders.fragment_scene)
self.program.uniform2f(b'scroll_offset', 0, 0)
self.sprite_program = GlProgram(shaders.vertex_scene,
shaders.fragment_sprite)
self.sprite_texture = gltexture.make_texture('sprites.png')
self.buffer = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(self.buffer))
gl.glEnable(gl.GL_BLEND)
gl.glEnable(gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
gl.glBlendFunc(gl.GL_SRC_ALPHA, gl.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
def __init__(self, data: bytes, usage: str = 'static'):
self.buffer_id = buffer_id = gl.GLuint()
self.size = len(data)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, byref(self.buffer_id))
if self.buffer_id.value == 0:
raise ShaderException("Cannot create Buffer object.")
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.buffer_id)
self.usage = Buffer.usages[usage]
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.size, data, self.usage)
weakref.finalize(self, Buffer.release, buffer_id)
def __init__(self, buffer, data_type=GLuint):
# TODO Make so you don't have to initialize with a buffer.
super().__init__()
count = len(buffer)
size = count * sizeof(data_type)
Array = data_type * count
glGenBuffers(1, self)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self)
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, Array(*buffer), GL_STATIC_DRAW)
self.count = count
self.size = size
def create_vbo_for_rects(v2f):
vbo_id = GL.GLuint()
GL.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
data2 = (GL.GLfloat*len(v2f))(*v2f)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(v2f)//2)
return shape
def __init__(self, **args):
super().__init__(**args)
# create vertex array object
self.vao = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, ctypes.byref(self.vao))
gl.glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
# create vertex buffer object
self.vbo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(self.vbo))
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vbo)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
ctypes.sizeof(gl.GLfloat * len(vertex_positions)),
(gl.GLfloat *
len(vertex_positions))(*vertex_positions),
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, gl.GL_FLOAT, gl.GL_FALSE, 0, 0)
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
# create index buffer object
self.ibo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.ibo)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.ibo)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,
ctypes.sizeof(gl.GLuint * len(indices)),
(gl.GLuint * len(indices))(*indices),
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# create shader
self.shader = shader.Shader("vert.glsl", "frag.glsl")
self.shader_matrix_location = self.shader.find_uniform(
b"matrix") # get the shader matrix uniform location
self.shader.use()
# create matrices
self.mv_matrix = matrix.Matrix() # modelview
self.p_matrix = matrix.Matrix() # projection
self.x = 0 # temporary variable
pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(
self.update,
1.0 / 60) # call update function every 60th of a second
def gen_vertices(self):
# Just make a cube for now
self.vertices = (GLfloat * 108)(*[
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, -1.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0,
1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, -1.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, 1.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0,
1.0, -1.0, -1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, -1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, -1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0
])
glGenVertexArrays(1, self.vao)
glGenBuffers(1, self.vbo)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vbo)
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(self.vertices), self.vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), 0)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
def _create_filled_with_colors(point_list, color_list, shape_mode):
number_points = len(point_list)
vertex_data = []
for point in point_list:
vertex_data.append(point[0])
vertex_data.append(point[1])
color_data = []
for color in color_list:
color_data.append(color[0] / 255.)
color_data.append(color[1] / 255.)
color_data.append(color[2] / 255.)
if len(color) == 3:
color_data.append(1.0)
else:
color_data.append(color[3] / 255.)
vbo_vertex_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_vertex_id))
# Create a buffer with the data
# This line of code is a bit strange.
# (gl.GLfloat * len(data)) creates an array of GLfloats, one for each number
# (*data) initalizes the list with the floats. *data turns the list into a
# tuple.
data2 = (gl.GLfloat * len(vertex_data))(*vertex_data)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_vertex_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# Colors
vbo_color_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_color_id))
gl_color_list = (gl.GLfloat * len(color_data))(*color_data)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_color_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(gl_color_list),
gl_color_list, gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_vertex_id,
number_points,
shape_mode,
vbo_color_id=vbo_color_id)
return shape
def create_filled_rectangles_with_colors(point_list, color_list) -> VertexBuffer:
"""
This function creates multiple rectangle/quads using a vertex buffer object.
Creating the rectangles, and then later drawing it with ``render``
is faster than calling ``draw_rectangle``.
>>> import arcade
>>> arcade.open_window(800,600,"Drawing Example")
>>> point_list = [0, 0, 100, 0, 100, 100, 0, 100]
>>> color_list = [0, 255, 0]
>>> my_shape = arcade.create_filled_rectangles_with_colors(point_list, color_list)
>>> my_shape_list = ShapeElementList()
>>> my_shape_list.append(my_shape)
>>> my_shape_list.draw()
>>> arcade.finish_render()
>>> arcade.quick_run(0.25)
"""
vbo_vertex_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_vertex_id))
# Create a buffer with the data
# This line of code is a bit strange.
# (gl.GLfloat * len(data)) creates an array of GLfloats, one for each number
# (*data) initalizes the list with the floats. *data turns the list into a
# tuple.
gl_point_list = (gl.GLfloat * len(point_list))(*point_list)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_vertex_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(gl_point_list), gl_point_list, gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# Colors
vbo_color_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_color_id))
gl_color_list = (gl.GLfloat * len(color_list))(*color_list)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_color_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(gl_color_list), gl_color_list, gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape_mode = gl.GL_QUADS
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_vertex_id, len(point_list) // 2, shape_mode, vbo_color_id=vbo_color_id)
return shape
def __init__(self, world, chunk_position):
self.chunk_position = chunk_position
self.position = ( # get a world-space position for the chunk
self.chunk_position[0] * CHUNK_WIDTH,
self.chunk_position[1] * CHUNK_HEIGHT,
self.chunk_position[2] * CHUNK_LENGTH)
self.world = world
self.blocks = [
[
[
0 # create an array of blocks filled with "air" (block number 0)
for z in range(CHUNK_LENGTH)
] for y in range(CHUNK_HEIGHT)
] for x in range(CHUNK_WIDTH)
]
# mesh variables
self.has_mesh = False
self.mesh_vertex_positions = []
self.mesh_tex_coords = []
self.mesh_shading_values = []
self.mesh_index_counter = 0
self.mesh_indices = []
# create vertex array object
self.vao = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenVertexArrays(1, self.vao)
gl.glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
# create vertex position vbo
self.vertex_position_vbo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.vertex_position_vbo)
# create tex coord vbo
self.tex_coord_vbo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.tex_coord_vbo)
# create shading values vbo
self.shading_values_vbo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.shading_values_vbo)
# create index buffer object
self.ibo = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.ibo)
def create_line(start_x: float,
start_y: float,
end_x: float,
end_y: float,
color: Color,
line_width: float = 1):
"""
Create a line to be rendered later. This works faster than draw_line because
the vertexes are only loaded to the graphics card once, rather than each frame.
:Example:
>>> import arcade
>>> arcade.open_window(800,600,"Drawing Example")
>>> arcade.start_render()
>>> line1 = arcade.create_line(0, 0, 100, 100, (255, 0, 0), 2)
>>> arcade.render(line1)
>>> arcade.finish_render()
>>> arcade.quick_run(0.25)
"""
data = [start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y]
# print(data)
vbo_id = gl.GLuint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
# Create a buffer with the data
# This line of code is a bit strange.
# (gl.GLfloat * len(data)) creates an array of GLfloats, one for each number
# (*data) initalizes the list with the floats. *data turns the list into a
# tuple.
data2 = (gl.GLfloat * len(data))(*data)
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape_mode = gl.GL_LINES
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(data) // 2, shape_mode)
shape.color = color
shape.line_width = line_width
return shape
def init_gl(self):
'''initialize the opengl resources needed for presenting windows
* a shader program
* a vertex buffer
* a texture for Label windows
'''
self.program = GlProgram(shaders.vertex_flat, shaders.fragment_flat)
self.buffer = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, pointer(self.buffer))
self.texture = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenTextures(1, pointer(self.texture))
gl.glBindTexture(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.texture)
gl.glTexParameteri(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.GL_NEAREST)
gl.glTexParameteri(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.GL_NEAREST)
gl.glTexParameteri(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
gl.glTexParameteri(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
gl.glBindTexture(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0)
def create_rect(width, height, color):
""" Create a vertex buffer for a rectangle. """
v2f = [-width / 2, -height / 2,
width / 2, -height / 2,
width / 2, height / 2,
-width / 2, height / 2]
vbo_id = GL.GLuint()
GL.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
data2 = (GL.GLfloat*len(v2f))(*v2f)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(v2f)//2, width, height, color)
return shape
def create_colors(rect_list):
""" Create a vertex buffer for a set of rectangles. """
v2f = []
for shape in rect_list:
for i in range(4):
v2f.extend(shape.color)
vbo_id = GL.GLuint()
GL.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
data2 = (GL.GLfloat*len(v2f))(*v2f)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
return vbo_id
def create_rects(rect_list):
""" Create a vertex buffer for a set of rectangles. """
v2f = []
for shape in rect_list:
v2f.extend([-shape.width / 2, -shape.height / 2,
shape.width / 2, -shape.height / 2,
shape.width / 2, shape.height / 2,
-shape.width / 2, shape.height / 2])
vbo_id = GL.GLuint()
GL.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
data2 = (GL.GLfloat*len(v2f))(*v2f)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(v2f)//2)
return shape
def __init__(self, size=0, dtype=numpy.float32, usage=gl.GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW):
'''
size - how much storage to allocate for this buffer in advance (in items, not bytes)
dtype - type of items in storage (float, float16, float32, int, etc.)
usage - one of GL_{STREAM,STATIC,DYNAMIC}_{READ,COPY,DRAW}
Description copied from OpenGL reference pages:
The frequency of access may be one of these:
STREAM
The data store contents will be modified once and used at most a few times.
STATIC
The data store contents will be modified once and used many times.
DYNAMIC
The data store contents will be modified repeatedly and used many times.
The nature of access may be one of these:
DRAW
The data store contents are modified by the application,
and used as the source for GL drawing and image specification commands.
READ
The data store contents are modified by reading data from the GL,
and used to return that data when queried by the application.
COPY
The data store contents are modified by reading data from the GL,
and used as the source for GL drawing and image specification commands.'''
self.usage = usage
self.dtype = numpy.dtype(dtype)
bufid = ctypes.c_uint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.byref(bufid))
self.bufid = bufid
self.bound = _GLBufferContext(self.bufid)
if size > 0:
with self.bound:
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size * self.dtype.itemsize,
None, self.usage)
def create_rectangle(width, height, color):
"""
This function creates a rectangle using a vertex buffer object.
Creating the rectangle, and then later drawing it with ``render_rectangle``
is faster than calling ``draw_rectangle``.
"""
data = [-width / 2, -height / 2,
width / 2, -height / 2,
width / 2, height / 2,
-width / 2, height / 2]
vbo_id = GL.GLuint()
GL.glGenBuffers(1, ctypes.pointer(vbo_id))
v2f = data
data2 = (GL.GLfloat*len(v2f))(*v2f)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ctypes.sizeof(data2), data2,
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
shape = VertexBuffer(vbo_id, len(v2f)//2, width, height, color)
return shape
def __init__(self):
self.__value = None
buf = ct.c_uint()
gl.glGenBuffers(1, ct.byref(buf))
self.__value = buf.value
def create_raw_buffer():
buf = GLuint()
glGenBuffers(1, byref(buf))
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buf)
return buf.value
def generate(self):
for buffer in ["vertex", "color", "normal", "texture_coords"]:
self.buffers[buffer] = gl.GLuint(0)
gl.glGenBuffers(1, self.buffers[buffer])
gl.glBindBuffer(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.buffers[buffer])
gl.glBufferData(gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.buffer_size, None, gl.GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW)