def test_stdgates(gatet: Type[qf.StdGate]) -> None:
# Test creation
gate = _randomize_gate(gatet)
# Test correct number of qubits
assert gate.qubit_nb == gatet.cv_qubit_nb
# Test hermitian conjugate
inv_gate = gate.H
gate.tensor
inv_gate.tensor
# Test inverse
eye = gate @ inv_gate
assert qf.gates_close(qf.IdentityGate(range(gate.qubit_nb)), eye)
assert qf.gates_phase_close(qf.IdentityGate(range(gate.qubit_nb)), eye)
# Test pow
assert qf.gates_close(gate ** -1, inv_gate)
assert qf.gates_close((gate ** 0.5) ** 2, gate)
assert qf.gates_close((gate ** 0.3) @ (gate ** 0.7), gate)
hgate = qf.Unitary((gate ** 0.5).tensor, gate.qubits)
assert qf.gates_close(hgate @ hgate, gate)
def test_gate_mul() -> None:
# three cnots same as one swap
gate0 = qf.IdentityGate([0, 1])
gate1 = qf.CNot(1, 0)
gate2 = qf.CNot(0, 1)
gate3 = qf.CNot(1, 0)
gate = gate1 @ gate0
gate = gate2 @ gate
gate = gate3 @ gate
assert qf.gates_close(gate, qf.Swap(0, 1))
# Again, but with labels
gate0 = qf.IdentityGate(["a", "b"])
gate1 = qf.CNot("b", "a")
gate2 = qf.CNot("a", "b")
gate3 = qf.CNot("b", "a")
gate = gate1 @ gate0
gate = gate2 @ gate
gate = gate3 @ gate
assert qf.gates_close(gate, qf.Swap("a", "b"))
gate4 = qf.X("a")
_ = gate4 @ gate
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
_ = gate4 @ 3 # type: ignore
def test_identitygate() -> None:
qubits = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
gate = qf.IdentityGate(qubits)
ket0 = qf.random_state(qubits)
ket1 = gate.run(ket0)
assert qf.states_close(ket0, ket1)
circ = qf.Circuit(gate.decompose())
assert len(circ) == 6
for n in range(1, 6):
assert qf.IdentityGate(list(range(n))).qubit_nb == n
assert gate.hamiltonian.is_zero()
assert gate ** 2 is gate
def test_identity() -> None:
chan = qf.IdentityGate([1]).aschannel()
rho = qf.random_density(2)
after = chan.evolve(rho)
assert qf.densities_close(rho, after)
assert chan.name == "Channel"
def test_fubini_study_angle() -> None:
for _ in range(REPS):
theta = random.uniform(-np.pi, +np.pi)
ang = qf.fubini_study_angle(qf.I(0).tensor, qf.Rx(theta, 0).su().tensor)
assert np.isclose(2 * ang / abs(theta), 1.0)
ang = qf.fubini_study_angle(qf.I(0).tensor, qf.Ry(theta, 0).tensor)
assert np.isclose(2 * ang / abs(theta), 1.0)
ang = qf.fubini_study_angle(qf.I(0).tensor, qf.Rz(theta, 0).tensor)
assert np.isclose(2 * ang / abs(theta), 1.0)
ang = qf.fubini_study_angle(qf.Swap(0, 1).tensor, qf.PSwap(theta, 0, 1).tensor)
assert np.isclose(2 * ang / abs(theta), 1.0)
ang = qf.fubini_study_angle(qf.I(0).tensor, qf.PhaseShift(theta, 0).tensor)
assert np.isclose(2 * ang / abs(theta), 1.0)
assert qf.fubini_study_close(qf.Rz(theta, 0).tensor, qf.Rz(theta, 0).tensor)
for n in range(1, 6):
eye = qf.IdentityGate(list(range(n)))
assert np.isclose(qf.fubini_study_angle(eye.tensor, eye.tensor), 0.0)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qf.fubini_study_angle(qf.RandomGate([1]).tensor, qf.RandomGate([0, 1]).tensor)
def test_decomp_stdgates() -> None:
gate0 = qf.IdentityGate([0, 1])
gate1 = qf.canonical_decomposition(gate0).asgate()
assert qf.gates_close(gate0, gate1)
gate2 = qf.CNot(0, 1)
gate3 = qf.canonical_decomposition(gate2).asgate()
assert qf.gates_close(gate2, gate3)
gate4 = qf.Swap(0, 1)
gate5 = qf.canonical_decomposition(gate4).asgate()
assert qf.gates_close(gate4, gate5)
gate6 = qf.ISwap(0, 1)
gate7 = qf.canonical_decomposition(gate6).asgate()
assert qf.gates_close(gate6, gate7)
gate8 = qf.CNot(0, 1)**0.5
gate9 = qf.canonical_decomposition(gate8).asgate()
assert qf.gates_close(gate8, gate9)
gate10 = qf.Swap(0, 1)**0.5
gate11 = qf.canonical_decomposition(gate10).asgate()
assert qf.gates_close(gate10, gate11)
gate12 = qf.ISwap(0, 1)**0.5
gate13 = qf.canonical_decomposition(gate12).asgate()
assert qf.gates_close(gate12, gate13)
def test_inverse_random() -> None:
K = 4
for _ in range(REPS):
gate = qf.RandomGate(range(K))
inv = gate.H
gate1 = inv @ gate
# TODO: almost_identity
assert qf.gates_close(qf.IdentityGate([0, 1, 2, 3]), gate1)
def test_multiswapgate() -> None:
# Should be same as a swap.
perm0 = qf.MultiSwapGate([0, 1], [1, 0])
gate0 = qf.Swap(0, 1)
assert qf.gates_close(perm0.asgate(), gate0)
assert qf.gates_close(perm0.asgate(), perm0.H.asgate())
perm1 = qf.MultiSwapGate.from_gates(qf.Circuit([gate0]))
assert qf.gates_close(perm0.asgate(), perm1.asgate())
perm2 = qf.MultiSwapGate.from_gates(qf.Circuit([perm1]))
assert qf.gates_close(perm0, perm2)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qf.MultiSwapGate.from_gates(qf.Circuit(qf.CNot(0, 1)))
N = 8
qubits_in = list(range(N))
qubits_out = np.random.permutation(qubits_in)
permN = qf.MultiSwapGate(qubits_in, qubits_out)
assert qf.gates_close(perm0.asgate(), perm1.asgate())
iden = qf.Circuit([permN, permN.H])
assert qf.almost_identity(iden.asgate())
assert qf.circuits_close(iden, qf.Circuit([qf.IdentityGate(qubits_in)]))
swaps = qf.Circuit(permN.decompose())
# Add identity so we don't lose qubits
swaps += qf.IdentityGate(permN.qubits_in)
permN2 = qf.MultiSwapGate.from_gates(swaps)
assert qf.circuits_close(swaps, qf.Circuit([permN]))
assert qf.circuits_close(swaps, qf.Circuit([permN2]))
assert qf.circuits_close(qf.Circuit([permN]), qf.Circuit([permN2]))
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
_ = qf.MultiSwapGate([0, 1], [1, 2])
# Channels
assert qf.channels_close(perm0.aschannel(), gate0.aschannel())
rho0 = qf.random_state([0, 1, 3]).asdensity()
rho1 = perm0.evolve(rho0)
rho2 = gate0.aschannel().evolve(rho0)
assert qf.densities_close(rho1, rho2)
def test_cnot_reverse() -> None:
# Hadamards reverse control on CNot
gate0 = qf.H(0) @ qf.IdentityGate([0, 1])
gate0 = qf.H(1) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.CNot(1, 0) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.H(0) @ gate0
gate0 = qf.H(1) @ gate0
assert qf.gates_close(qf.CNot(0, 1), gate0)
def test_gradient_errors() -> None:
circ = qf.Circuit()
circ += qf.CPhase(0.2, 0, 1) # Not (currently) differentiable
qubits = circ.qubits
ket0 = qf.zero_state(qubits)
ket1 = qf.random_state(qubits)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qf.state_fidelity_gradients(ket0, ket1, circ)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qf.parameter_shift_circuits(circ, 0)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qf.expectation_gradients(ket0, circ, qf.IdentityGate([0, 1]))
def test_CPhase_gates() -> None:
for _ in range(REPS):
theta = random.uniform(-4 * np.pi, +4 * np.pi)
gate11 = qf.ControlGate([0], qf.PhaseShift(theta, 1))
assert qf.gates_close(gate11, qf.CPhase(theta, 0, 1))
gate00 = qf.X(0) @ qf.IdentityGate([0, 1])
gate00 = qf.X(1) @ gate00
gate00 = gate11 @ gate00
gate00 = qf.X(0) @ gate00
gate00 = qf.X(1) @ gate00
assert qf.gates_close(gate00, qf.CPhase00(theta))
gate10 = qf.X(0) @ qf.IdentityGate([0, 1])
gate10 = qf.X(1) @ gate10
gate10 = qf.CPhase01(theta, 0, 1) @ gate10
gate10 = qf.X(0) @ gate10
gate10 = qf.X(1) @ gate10
assert qf.gates_close(gate10, qf.CPhase10(theta))
gate0 = qf.CPhase(theta) ** 2
gate1 = qf.CPhase(theta * 2)
assert qf.gates_close(gate0, gate1)
def test_xy() -> None:
assert qf.gates_close(qf.XY(0, 0, 1), qf.IdentityGate([0, 1]))
assert qf.gates_close(qf.XY(-0.5, 0, 1), qf.ISwap(0, 1))
assert qf.gates_close(qf.XY(0.5, 0, 1), qf.ISwap(0, 1).H)
def test_channel_chi() -> None:
chan = qf.IdentityGate([0, 1, 2]).aschannel()
chi = chan.chi()
assert chi.shape == (64, 64)