def sprepost(A, B):
"""Superoperator formed from pre-multiplication by operator A and post-
multiplication of operator B.
Parameters
----------
A : Qobj
Quantum operator for pre-multiplication.
B : Qobj
Quantum operator for post-multiplication.
Returns
--------
super : Qobj
Superoperator formed from input quantum objects.
"""
dims = [[_drop_projected_dims(A.dims[0]), _drop_projected_dims(B.dims[1])],
[_drop_projected_dims(A.dims[1]), _drop_projected_dims(B.dims[0])]]
data = zcsr_kron(B.data.T.tocsr(), A.data)
return Qobj(data, dims=dims, superrep='super')
def spre(A):
"""Superoperator formed from pre-multiplication by operator A.
Parameters
----------
A : qobj
Quantum operator for pre-multiplication.
Returns
--------
super :qobj
Superoperator formed from input quantum object.
"""
if not isinstance(A, Qobj):
raise TypeError('Input is not a quantum object')
if not A.isoper:
raise TypeError('Input is not a quantum operator')
S = Qobj(isherm=A.isherm, superrep='super')
S.dims = [[A.dims[0], A.dims[1]], [A.dims[0], A.dims[1]]]
S.data = zcsr_kron(sp.identity(np.prod(A.shape[1]), dtype=complex, format='csr'), A.data)
return S
def _pseudo_inverse_sparse(L, rhoss, w=None, **pseudo_args):
"""
Internal function for computing the pseudo inverse of an Liouvillian using
sparse matrix methods. See pseudo_inverse for details.
"""
N = np.prod(L.dims[0][0])
rhoss_vec = operator_to_vector(rhoss)
tr_op = tensor([identity(n) for n in L.dims[0][0]])
tr_op_vec = operator_to_vector(tr_op)
P = zcsr_kron(rhoss_vec.data, tr_op_vec.data.T.tocsr())
I = sp.eye(N*N, N*N, format='csr')
Q = I - P
if w is None:
L = 1.0j*(1e-15)*spre(tr_op) + L
else:
if w != 0.0:
L = 1.0j*w*spre(tr_op) + L
else:
L = 1.0j*(1e-15)*spre(tr_op) + L
if pseudo_args['use_rcm']:
perm = reverse_cuthill_mckee(L.data)
A = sp_permute(L.data, perm, perm, 'csr')
Q = sp_permute(Q, perm, perm, 'csr')
else:
if not settings.has_mkl:
A = L.data.tocsc()
A.sort_indices()
if pseudo_args['method'] == 'splu':
if settings.has_mkl:
A = L.data.tocsr()
A.sort_indices()
LIQ = mkl_spsolve(A,Q.toarray())
else:
lu = sp.linalg.splu(A, permc_spec=pseudo_args['permc_spec'],
diag_pivot_thresh=pseudo_args['diag_pivot_thresh'],
options=dict(ILU_MILU=pseudo_args['ILU_MILU']))
LIQ = lu.solve(Q.toarray())
elif pseudo_args['method'] == 'spilu':
lu = sp.linalg.spilu(A, permc_spec=pseudo_args['permc_spec'],
fill_factor=pseudo_args['fill_factor'],
drop_tol=pseudo_args['drop_tol'])
LIQ = lu.solve(Q.toarray())
else:
raise ValueError("unsupported method '%s'" % method)
R = sp.csr_matrix(Q * LIQ)
if pseudo_args['use_rcm']:
rev_perm = np.argsort(perm)
R = sp_permute(R, rev_perm, rev_perm, 'csr')
return Qobj(R, dims=L.dims)
def liouvillian(H, c_ops=[], data_only=False, chi=None):
"""Assembles the Liouvillian superoperator from a Hamiltonian
and a ``list`` of collapse operators. Like liouvillian, but with an
experimental implementation which avoids creating extra Qobj instances,
which can be advantageous for large systems.
Parameters
----------
H : qobj
System Hamiltonian.
c_ops : array_like
A ``list`` or ``array`` of collapse operators.
Returns
-------
L : qobj
Liouvillian superoperator.
"""
if chi and len(chi) != len(c_ops):
raise ValueError('chi must be a list with same length as c_ops')
if H is not None:
if H.isoper:
op_dims = H.dims
op_shape = H.shape
elif H.issuper:
op_dims = H.dims[0]
op_shape = [np.prod(op_dims[0]), np.prod(op_dims[0])]
else:
raise TypeError("Invalid type for Hamiltonian.")
else:
# no hamiltonian given, pick system size from a collapse operator
if isinstance(c_ops, list) and len(c_ops) > 0:
c = c_ops[0]
if c.isoper:
op_dims = c.dims
op_shape = c.shape
elif c.issuper:
op_dims = c.dims[0]
op_shape = [np.prod(op_dims[0]), np.prod(op_dims[0])]
else:
raise TypeError("Invalid type for collapse operator.")
else:
raise TypeError("Either H or c_ops must be given.")
sop_dims = [[op_dims[0], op_dims[0]], [op_dims[1], op_dims[1]]]
sop_shape = [np.prod(op_dims), np.prod(op_dims)]
spI = sp.identity(op_shape[0], format='csr', dtype=complex)
if H:
if H.isoper:
Ht = H.data.T.tocsr()
data = -1j * zcsr_kron(spI, H.data)
data += 1j * zcsr_kron(Ht, spI)
else:
data = H.data
else:
data = sp.csr_matrix((sop_shape[0], sop_shape[1]), dtype=complex)
for idx, c_op in enumerate(c_ops):
if c_op.issuper:
data = data + c_op.data
else:
cd = c_op.data.T.conj().tocsr()
c = c_op.data
# Here we call _csr_kron directly as we can avoid creating
# another sparse matrix by passing c.data.conj()
if chi:
data = data + np.exp(1j * chi[idx]) * \
_csr_kron(c.data.conj(), c.indices, c.indptr,
c.shape[0], c.shape[1],
c.data, c.indices, c.indptr,
c.shape[0], c.shape[1])
else:
data = data + _csr_kron(c.data.conj(), c.indices, c.indptr,
c.shape[0], c.shape[1],
c.data, c.indices, c.indptr,
c.shape[0], c.shape[1])
cdc = cd * c
cdct = cdc.T.tocsr()
data = data - 0.5 * zcsr_kron(spI, cdc)
data = data - 0.5 * zcsr_kron(cdct, spI)
if data_only:
return data
else:
L = Qobj()
L.dims = sop_dims
L.data = data
L.isherm = False
L.superrep = 'super'
return L
def tensor(*args):
"""Calculates the tensor product of input operators.
Parameters
----------
args : array_like
``list`` or ``array`` of quantum objects for tensor product.
Returns
-------
obj : qobj
A composite quantum object.
Examples
--------
>>> tensor([sigmax(), sigmax()])
Quantum object: dims = [[2, 2], [2, 2]], \
shape = [4, 4], type = oper, isHerm = True
Qobj data =
[[ 0.+0.j 0.+0.j 0.+0.j 1.+0.j]
[ 0.+0.j 0.+0.j 1.+0.j 0.+0.j]
[ 0.+0.j 1.+0.j 0.+0.j 0.+0.j]
[ 1.+0.j 0.+0.j 0.+0.j 0.+0.j]]
"""
if not args:
raise TypeError("Requires at least one input argument")
if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], (list, np.ndarray)):
# this is the case when tensor is called on the form:
# tensor([q1, q2, q3, ...])
qlist = args[0]
elif len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], Qobj):
# tensor is called with a single Qobj as an argument, do nothing
return args[0]
else:
# this is the case when tensor is called on the form:
# tensor(q1, q2, q3, ...)
qlist = args
if not all([isinstance(q, Qobj) for q in qlist]):
# raise error if one of the inputs is not a quantum object
raise TypeError("One of inputs is not a quantum object")
out = Qobj()
if qlist[0].issuper:
out.superrep = qlist[0].superrep
if not all([q.superrep == out.superrep for q in qlist]):
raise TypeError("In tensor products of superroperators, all must" +
"have the same representation")
out.isherm = True
for n, q in enumerate(qlist):
if n == 0:
out.data = q.data
out.dims = q.dims
else:
out.data = zcsr_kron(out.data, q.data)
out.dims = [out.dims[0] + q.dims[0], out.dims[1] + q.dims[1]]
out.isherm = out.isherm and q.isherm
if not out.isherm:
out._isherm = None
return out.tidyup() if qutip.settings.auto_tidyup else out
