def cycper(self):
"""Return the cyclotron period value at the final position."""
t, r, mom = self.trajectory[-1, 0], self.trajectory[
-1, 1:4], self.trajectory[-1, 4:]
gm = np.sqrt(self.mass**2 + np.dot(mom, mom) / c**2) # gamma * mass
v = mom / gm
return ru.cyclotron_period(t, r, v, self.field, self.mass, self.charge)
def cycper(self):
"""Return the cyclotron period value at the final position."""
t, r, mom = self.trajectory[-1, 0], self.trajectory[-1, 1:4], self.trajectory[-1, 4:]
gm = np.sqrt(self.mass**2 + np.dot(mom,mom)/c**2) # gamma * mass
v = mom/gm
return ru.cyclotron_period(t, r, v, self.field, self.mass, self.charge)
def advance(self, delta):
"""
Advance the particle position and momentum for a given duration.
The trajectory is initialized at the latest state of the particle and
integrated for an additional `delta` seconds. Uses the `scipy.integrate.ode`
class with `"dop853"` solver.
This method can be called many times.
Parameters
----------
delta : float
The number of seconds to advance the trajectory.
Raises
-------
Adiabatic
Only if the `check_adiabaticity` attribute is set to True.
Notes
-----
The particle is subject to the Newton-Lorentz equation of motion.
.. math::
\\frac{\mathrm{d}\\vec{x}}{\mathrm{d}t} = \\frac{\\vec{p}}{\gamma m} \\\\
\\frac{\mathrm{d}\\vec{p}}{\mathrm{d}t} = q\\vec{E} + q\\vec{v}\\times\\vec{B}
where :math:`\gamma = \sqrt{1 + (|\\vec{p}|/mc)^2}` is the relativistic factor.
The explicit runge-kutta method of order 8(5,3) due to Dormand & Prince
with stepsize control is used to solve for the motion. The relative
tolerance `rtol` and the absolute tolerance `atol` of the solver can be
set with: `rapt.params["solvertolerances"] = (rtol, atol)`
The `beta` parameter to the `scipy.integrate.ode.setintegrator` method
serves to stabilize the solution in gridded fields.
"""
rtol, atol = params["solvertolerances"]
t0 = self.trajectory[-1,0]
pos = self.trajectory[-1,1:4]
mom = self.trajectory[-1,4:]
gm = np.sqrt(self.mass**2 + np.dot(mom,mom)/c**2) # gamma * mass
vel = mom/gm
# set resolution of cyclotron motion
if params["Ptimestep"] != 0:
dt = params["Ptimestep"]
else:
dt = self.cycper()/params["cyclotronresolution"]
dt = ru.cyclotron_period(t0, pos, vel, self.field, self.mass, self.charge) / params['cyclotronresolution']
def eom(t, Y): # The Newton-Lorenz equation of motion
# Y = x,y,z,px,py,pz
nonlocal gm
tpos = np.concatenate(([t],Y[:3]))
mom = Y[3:]
out = np.zeros(6)
if not self.field.static: # don't reevaluate gamma every time, if it is not supposed to change.
gm = np.sqrt(self.mass**2 + np.dot(mom,mom)/c**2) # gamma * mass
# d(pos)/dt = vel = mom / (gamma*m) :
out[0:3] = Y[3:]/gm
# dp/dt = q(E(t, pos) + (p/gamma*m) x B(t, pos)) :
out[3:] = self.charge * (self.field.E(tpos) + np.cross(Y[3:], self.field.B(tpos))/gm)
if params["enforce equatorial"]:
out[2] = out[5] = 0
return out
r = ode(eom).set_integrator("dop853",beta=0.1, rtol=rtol, atol=atol)
# Setting beta is necessary to reduce the error.
r.set_initial_value(self.trajectory[-1,1:], self.trajectory[-1,0])
while r.successful() and r.t < t0+delta:
next = np.hstack(([r.t+dt],r.integrate(r.t+dt)))
self.tcur = r.t+dt
self.trajectory = np.vstack((self.trajectory,next))
if self.check_adiabaticity and self.isadiabatic():
raise Adiabatic
def advance(self, delta):
"""
Advance the particle position and momentum for a given duration.
The trajectory is initialized at the latest state of the particle and
integrated for an additional `delta` seconds. Uses the `scipy.integrate.ode`
class with `"dop853"` solver.
This method can be called many times.
Parameters
----------
delta : float
The number of seconds to advance the trajectory.
Raises
-------
Adiabatic
Only if the `check_adiabaticity` attribute is set to True.
Notes
-----
The particle is subject to the Newton-Lorentz equation of motion.
.. math::
\\frac{\mathrm{d}\\vec{x}}{\mathrm{d}t} = \\frac{\\vec{p}}{\gamma m} \\\\
\\frac{\mathrm{d}\\vec{p}}{\mathrm{d}t} = q\\vec{E} + q\\vec{v}\\times\\vec{B}
where :math:`\gamma = \sqrt{1 + (|\\vec{p}|/mc)^2}` is the relativistic factor.
The explicit runge-kutta method of order 8(5,3) due to Dormand & Prince
with stepsize control is used to solve for the motion. The relative
tolerance `rtol` and the absolute tolerance `atol` of the solver can be
set with: `rapt.params["solvertolerances"] = (rtol, atol)`
The `beta` parameter to the `scipy.integrate.ode.setintegrator` method
serves to stabilize the solution in gridded fields.
"""
rtol, atol = params["solvertolerances"]
t0 = self.trajectory[-1, 0]
pos = self.trajectory[-1, 1:4]
mom = self.trajectory[-1, 4:]
gm = np.sqrt(self.mass**2 + np.dot(mom, mom) / c**2) # gamma * mass
vel = mom / gm
# set resolution of cyclotron motion
if params["Ptimestep"] != 0:
dt = params["Ptimestep"]
else:
dt = self.cycper() / params["cyclotronresolution"]
dt = ru.cyclotron_period(t0, pos, vel, self.field, self.mass,
self.charge) / params['cyclotronresolution']
def eom(t, Y): # The Newton-Lorenz equation of motion
# Y = x,y,z,px,py,pz
nonlocal gm
tpos = np.concatenate(([t], Y[:3]))
mom = Y[3:]
out = np.zeros(6)
if not self.field.static: # don't reevaluate gamma every time, if it is not supposed to change.
gm = np.sqrt(self.mass**2 +
np.dot(mom, mom) / c**2) # gamma * mass
# d(pos)/dt = vel = mom / (gamma*m) :
out[0:3] = Y[3:] / gm
# dp/dt = q(E(t, pos) + (p/gamma*m) x B(t, pos)) :
out[3:] = self.charge * (self.field.E(tpos) +
np.cross(Y[3:], self.field.B(tpos)) / gm)
if params["enforce equatorial"]:
out[2] = out[5] = 0
return out
r = ode(eom).set_integrator("dop853", beta=0.1, rtol=rtol, atol=atol)
# Setting beta is necessary to reduce the error.
r.set_initial_value(self.trajectory[-1, 1:], self.trajectory[-1, 0])
while r.successful() and r.t < t0 + delta:
next = np.hstack(([r.t + dt], r.integrate(r.t + dt)))
self.tcur = r.t + dt
self.trajectory = np.vstack((self.trajectory, next))
if self.check_adiabaticity and self.isadiabatic():
raise Adiabatic