def calculateBlackHoleLifetimeOperator( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_lifetime: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
lifetime = divide( getProduct( [ getPower( mass, 3 ), 5120, pi,
getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ) ] ),
getProduct( [ getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ),
getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 4 ) ] ) )
return lifetime.convert( 'seconds' )
def calculateOrbitalRadiusOperator( measurement1, measurement2 ):
'''
To solve the radius of a circular orbit, we need Newton's gravitational
constant and two of the following three items:
G = Newton's gravitational constant
m = planetary mass (i.e., mass of the thing being orbited)
T = orbital period
v = orbital velocity
---- radius in terms of period and mass
r = cbrt( T^2*G*m/4*pi^2 )
---- radius in terms of velocity and mass
r = G*m/v^2
---- radius in terms of velocity and period
r = v*T/2*pi
'''
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass', 'time' ],
[ 'velocity', 'time' ],
[ 'mass', 'velocity' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( '\'orbital_radius\' requires specific measurement types (see help)' )
if 'mass' in arguments:
mass = arguments[ 'mass' ]
if 'time' in arguments:
bPeriod = True
period = arguments[ 'time' ]
else:
bPeriod = False
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
else:
# period and velocity
period = arguments[ 'time' ]
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
radius = divide( multiply( velocity, period ), fmul( 2, pi ) )
return radius.convert( 'meter' )
if bPeriod:
# period and mass
term = divide( getProduct( [ getPower( period, 2 ), getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ] ),
fmul( 4, power( pi, 2 ) ) )
radius = getRoot( term, 3 )
else:
# velocity and mass
radius = divide( multiply( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ), getPower( velocity, 2 ) )
return radius.convert( 'meter' )
def calculateOrbitalRadius( measurement1, measurement2 ):
'''
To solve the radius of a circular orbit, we need Newton's gravitational
constant and two of the following three items:
G = Newton's gravitational constant
m = planetary mass (i.e., mass of the thing being orbited)
T = orbital period
v = orbital velocity
---- radius in terms of period and mass
r = cbrt( T^2*G*m/4*pi^2 )
---- radius in terms of velocity and mass
r = G*m/v^2
---- radius in terms of velocity and period
r = v*T/2*pi
'''
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass', 'time' ],
[ 'velocity', 'time' ],
[ 'mass', 'velocity' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( '\'orbital_radius\' requires specific measurement types (see help)' )
if 'mass' in arguments:
mass = arguments[ 'mass' ]
if 'time' in arguments:
bPeriod = True
period = arguments[ 'time' ]
else:
bPeriod = False
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
else:
# period and velocity
period = arguments[ 'time' ]
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
radius = divide( multiply( velocity, period ), fmul( 2, pi ) )
return radius.convert( 'meter' )
if bPeriod:
# period and mass
term = divide( getProduct( [ getPower( period, 2 ), getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ] ),
fmul( 4, power( pi, 2 ) ) )
radius = getRoot( term, 3 )
else:
# velocity and mass
radius = divide( multiply( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ), getPower( velocity, 2 ) )
return radius.convert( 'meter' )
def calculateOrbitalPeriod( measurement1, measurement2 ):
'''
To solve the period of a circular orbit, we need Newton's gravitational
constant and two of the following three items:
G = Newton's gravitational constant
m = planetary mass (i.e., mass of the thing being orbited)
r = orbit radius (the distance from the center of mass)
v = orbital velocity
---- period in terms of radius and mass
T = 2*pi*sqrt( r^3/G*m )
---- period in terms of radius and velocity
T = 2*pi*r/v
---- period in terms of mass and velocity
T = 2*pi*G*m/v^3
'''
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass', 'length' ],
[ 'velocity', 'length' ],
[ 'mass', 'velocity' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( '\'orbital_period\' requires specific measurement types (see help)' )
if 'mass' in arguments:
mass = arguments[ 'mass' ]
if 'length' in arguments:
bRadius = True
radius = arguments[ 'length' ]
else:
bRadius = False
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
else:
# radius and velocity
radius = arguments[ 'length' ]
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
period = divide( getProduct( [ 2, pi, radius ] ), velocity )
return period.convert( 'second' )
if bRadius:
# radius and mass
term = divide( getPower( radius, 3 ), multiply( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ) )
period = getProduct( [ 2, pi, getRoot( term, 2 ) ] )
else:
# velocity and mass
period = divide( getProduct( [ 2, pi, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ] ),
getPower( velocity, 3 ) )
return period.convert( 'second' )
def calculateOrbitalPeriodOperator( measurement1, measurement2 ):
'''
To solve the period of a circular orbit, we need Newton's gravitational
constant and two of the following three items:
G = Newton's gravitational constant
m = planetary mass (i.e., mass of the thing being orbited)
r = orbit radius (the distance from the center of mass)
v = orbital velocity
---- period in terms of radius and mass
T = 2*pi*sqrt( r^3/G*m )
---- period in terms of radius and velocity
T = 2*pi*r/v
---- period in terms of mass and velocity
T = 2*pi*G*m/v^3
'''
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass', 'length' ],
[ 'velocity', 'length' ],
[ 'mass', 'velocity' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( '\'orbital_period\' requires specific measurement types (see help)' )
if 'mass' in arguments:
mass = arguments[ 'mass' ]
if 'length' in arguments:
bRadius = True
radius = arguments[ 'length' ]
else:
bRadius = False
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
else:
# radius and velocity
radius = arguments[ 'length' ]
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
period = divide( getProduct( [ 2, pi, radius ] ), velocity )
return period.convert( 'second' )
if bRadius:
# radius and mass
term = divide( getPower( radius, 3 ), multiply( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ) )
period = getProduct( [ 2, pi, getRoot( term, 2 ) ] )
else:
# velocity and mass
period = divide( getProduct( [ 2, pi, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ] ),
getPower( velocity, 3 ) )
return period.convert( 'second' )
def calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_mass: invalid argument' )
if 'mass' in arguments:
return arguments[ 'mass' ].convert( 'kilogram' )
elif 'length' in arguments:
radius = arguments[ 'length' ]
return divide( getProduct( [ getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 2 ), radius ] ),
getProduct( [ 2, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) ] ) ).convert( 'kilogram' )
elif 'acceleration' in arguments:
gravity = arguments[ 'acceleration' ]
return divide( getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 4 ),
getProduct( [ 4, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), gravity ] ) ).convert( 'kilogram' )
elif 'area' in arguments:
area = arguments[ 'area' ].convert( 'meters^2' )
return getRoot( divide( getProduct( [ getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 4 ), area ] ),
getProduct( [ 16, pi, getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ) ] ) ), 2 ).convert( 'kilogram' )
elif 'temperature' in arguments:
temperature = arguments[ 'temperature' ]
return divide( getProduct( [ getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ), getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 3 ) ] ),
getProduct( [ temperature, 8, getConstant( 'boltzmann_constant' ), pi, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) ] ) ).convert( 'kilogram' )
elif 'power' in arguments:
luminosity = arguments[ 'power' ]
return getRoot( divide( getProduct( [ getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ), getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 6 ) ] ),
getProduct( [ luminosity.convert( 'kilogram*meter^2/second^3' ), 15360, pi,
getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ) ] ) ), 2 ).convert( 'kilogram' )
elif 'tidal_force' in arguments:
tidal_force = arguments[ 'tidal_force' ]
return getRoot( divide( getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 6 ),
getProduct( [ 4, tidal_force, getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ) ] ) ), 2 ).convert( 'kilogram' )
elif 'time' in arguments:
lifetime = arguments[ 'time' ]
return getRoot( divide( getProduct( [ lifetime, getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ), getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 4 ) ] ),
getProduct( [ 5120, pi, getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ) ] ) ), 3 ).convert( 'kilogram' )
raise ValueError( 'invalid arguments to black hole operator' )
def getConeSurfaceArea( r, h ):
if not isinstance( r, RPNMeasurement ):
return getConeSurfaceArea( RPNMeasurement( real( r ), 'meter' ), h )
if r.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'cone_area\' argument 1 must be a length' )
if not isinstance( h, RPNMeasurement ):
return getConeSurfaceArea( r, RPNMeasurement( real( h ), 'meter' ) )
if h.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'cone_area\' argument 2 must be a length' )
hypotenuse = getRoot( add( getPower( r, 2 ), getPower( h, 2 ) ), 2 )
return getProduct( [ pi, r, add( r, hypotenuse ) ] )
def calculateBlackHoleTemperatureOperator( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_temperature: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
temperature = divide( getProduct( [ getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ),
getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 3 ) ] ),
getProduct( [ mass, 8, getConstant( 'boltzmann_constant' ), pi,
getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) ] ) )
return temperature.convert( 'kelvin' )
def getIcosahedronVolume( n ):
if not isinstance( n, RPNMeasurement ):
return getIcosahedronVolume( RPNMeasurement( real( n ), 'meter' ) )
if n.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'icosahedron_volume\' argument must be a length' )
return getProduct( [ fdiv( 5, 12 ), fadd( 3, sqrt( 5 ) ), getPower( n, 3 ) ] ).convert( 'meter^3' )
def getDodecahedronVolume( n ):
if not isinstance( n, RPNMeasurement ):
return getDodecahedronVolume( RPNMeasurement( real( n ), 'meter' ) )
if n.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'dodecahedron_volume\' argument must be a length' )
return divide( multiply( fadd( 15, fmul( 7, sqrt( 5 ) ) ), getPower( n, 3 ) ), 4 ).convert( 'meter^3' )
def getOctahedronVolume( n ):
if not isinstance( n, RPNMeasurement ):
return getOctahedronVolume( RPNMeasurement( real( n ), 'meter' ) )
if n.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'octahedron_volume\' argument must be a length' )
return divide( multiply( sqrt( 2 ), getPower( n, 3 ) ), 3 )
def getTetrahedronVolume( n ):
if not isinstance( n, RPNMeasurement ):
return getTetrahedronVolume( RPNMeasurement( real( n ), 'meter' ) )
if n.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'tetrahedron_volume\' argument must be a length' )
return divide( getPower( n, 3 ), fmul( 6, sqrt( 2 ) ) )
def getTetrahedronSurfaceArea( n ):
if not isinstance( n, RPNMeasurement ):
return getTetrahedronSurfaceArea( RPNMeasurement( real( n ), 'meter' ) )
if n.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'tetrahedron_area\' argument must be a length' )
return multiply( sqrt( 3 ), getPower( n, 2 ) )
def getIcosahedronSurfaceArea( n ):
if not isinstance( n, RPNMeasurement ):
return getIcosahedronSurfaceArea( RPNMeasurement( real( n ), 'meter' ) )
if n.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'icosahedron_area\' argument must be a length' )
return getProduct( [ 5, sqrt( 3 ), getPower( n, 2 ) ] ).convert( 'meter^2' )
def calculateTidalForce( mass, distance, delta ):
mass.validateUnits( 'mass' )
distance.validateUnits( 'length' )
delta.validateUnits( 'length' )
tidal_force = divide( getProduct( [ 2, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass, delta ] ),
getPower( distance, 3 ) )
return tidal_force.convert( 'meter/second^2' )
def calculateTidalForceOperator( mass, distance, delta ):
mass.validateUnits( 'mass' )
distance.validateUnits( 'length' )
delta.validateUnits( 'length' )
tidalForce = divide( getProduct( [ 2, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass, delta ] ),
getPower( distance, 3 ) )
return tidalForce.convert( 'meter/second^2' )
def getDodecahedronSurfaceArea( n ):
if not isinstance( n, RPNMeasurement ):
return getDodecahedronSurfaceArea( RPNMeasurement( real( n ), 'meter' ) )
if n.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'dodecahedron_area\' argument must be a length' )
area = getProduct( [ 3, getRoot( add( 25, fmul( 10, sqrt( 5 ) ) ), 2 ), getPower( n, 2 ) ] )
return area.convert( 'meter^2' )
def getAntiprismSurfaceArea( n, k ):
if real( n ) < 3:
raise ValueError( 'the number of sides of the prism cannot be less than 3,' )
if not isinstance( k, RPNMeasurement ):
return getAntiprismSurfaceArea( n, RPNMeasurement( real( k ), 'meter' ) )
if k.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'antiprism_area\' argument 2 must be a length' )
result = getProduct( [ fdiv( n, 2 ), fadd( cot( fdiv( pi, n ) ), sqrt( 3 ) ), getPower( k, 2 ) ] )
return result.convert( 'meter^2' )
def calculateVelocity( measurement1, measurement2 ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'length', 'time' ],
[ 'acceleration', 'length' ],
[ 'jerk', 'length' ],
[ 'jounce', 'length' ],
[ 'velocity', 'time' ],
[ 'velocity', 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration', 'time' ],
[ 'jerk', 'time' ],
[ 'jounce', 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if 'velocity' in arguments:
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
elif 'length' in arguments:
if 'time' in arguments:
velocity = divide( arguments[ 'length' ], arguments[ 'time' ] )
elif 'acceleration' in arguments:
acceleration = arguments[ 'acceleration' ]
time = getRoot( multiply( divide( arguments[ 'length' ], acceleration ), 2 ), 2 )
velocity = multiply( acceleration, time )
elif 'jerk' in arguments:
jerk = arguments[ 'jerk' ]
time = getRoot( multiply( divide( arguments[ 'length' ], jerk ), 6 ), 3 )
velocity = getProduct( [ jerk, time, time, fdiv( 1, 2 ) ] )
elif 'jounce' in arguments:
jounce = arguments[ 'jounce' ]
time = getRoot( multiply( divide( arguments[ 'length' ], jounce ), 24 ), 4 )
velocity = getProduct( [ jounce, time, time, time, fdiv( 1, 6 ) ] )
elif 'acceleration' in arguments:
velocity = divide( multiply( arguments[ 'acceleration' ], arguments[ 'time' ] ), 2 )
elif 'jerk' in arguments:
velocity = divide( multiply( arguments[ 'jerk' ], getPower( arguments[ 'time' ], 2 ) ), 4 )
elif 'jounce' in arguments:
velocity = divide( multiply( arguments[ 'jounce' ], getPower( arguments[ 'time' ], 3 ) ), 8 )
return velocity.convert( 'meter/second' )
def calculateVelocityOperator( measurement1, measurement2 ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'length', 'time' ],
[ 'acceleration', 'length' ],
[ 'jerk', 'length' ],
[ 'jounce', 'length' ],
[ 'velocity', 'time' ],
[ 'velocity', 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration', 'time' ],
[ 'jerk', 'time' ],
[ 'jounce', 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if 'velocity' in arguments:
velocity = arguments[ 'velocity' ]
elif 'length' in arguments:
if 'time' in arguments:
velocity = divide( arguments[ 'length' ], arguments[ 'time' ] )
elif 'acceleration' in arguments:
acceleration = arguments[ 'acceleration' ]
time = getRoot( multiply( divide( arguments[ 'length' ], acceleration ), 2 ), 2 )
velocity = multiply( acceleration, time )
elif 'jerk' in arguments:
jerk = arguments[ 'jerk' ]
time = getRoot( multiply( divide( arguments[ 'length' ], jerk ), 6 ), 3 )
velocity = getProduct( [ jerk, time, time, fdiv( 1, 2 ) ] )
elif 'jounce' in arguments:
jounce = arguments[ 'jounce' ]
time = getRoot( multiply( divide( arguments[ 'length' ], jounce ), 24 ), 4 )
velocity = getProduct( [ jounce, time, time, time, fdiv( 1, 6 ) ] )
elif 'acceleration' in arguments:
velocity = divide( multiply( arguments[ 'acceleration' ], arguments[ 'time' ] ), 2 )
elif 'jerk' in arguments:
velocity = divide( multiply( arguments[ 'jerk' ], getPower( arguments[ 'time' ], 2 ) ), 4 )
elif 'jounce' in arguments:
velocity = divide( multiply( arguments[ 'jounce' ], getPower( arguments[ 'time' ], 3 ) ), 8 )
return velocity.convert( 'meter/second' )
def calculateBlackHoleSurfaceArea( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_surface_area: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
area = divide( getProduct( [ 16, pi, getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ), getPower( mass, 2 ) ] ),
getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 4 ) )
return area.convert( 'meter^2' )
def getRegularPolygonArea( n, k ):
if real( n ) < 3:
raise ValueError( 'the number of sides of the polygon cannot be less than 3,' )
if not isinstance( k, RPNMeasurement ):
return getRegularPolygonArea( n, RPNMeasurement( real( k ), 'meter' ) )
dimensions = k.getDimensions( )
if dimensions != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'polygon_area\' argument 2 must be a length' )
return multiply( fdiv( n, fmul( 4, tan( fdiv( pi, n ) ) ) ), getPower( k, 2 ) ).convert( 'meter^2' )
def calculateAccelerationOperator( measurement1, measurement2 ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'velocity', 'length' ],
[ 'velocity', 'time' ],
[ 'length', 'time' ],
[ 'acceleration', 'time' ],
[ 'acceleration', 'length' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if 'acceleration' in arguments:
acceleration = arguments[ 'acceleration' ]
elif 'velocity' in arguments:
if 'length' in arguments:
acceleration = divide( getPower( arguments[ 'velocity' ], 2 ), multiply( arguments[ 'length' ], 2 ) )
else:
acceleration = divide( arguments[ 'velocity' ], arguments[ 'time' ] )
elif 'length' in arguments and 'time' in arguments:
acceleration = multiply( 2, divide( arguments[ 'length' ], getPower( arguments[ 'time' ], 2 ) ) )
return acceleration.convert( 'meter/second^2' )
def getAntiprismVolumeOperator(n, k):
result = getProduct([
fdiv(
fprod([
n,
sqrt(fsub(fmul(4, cos(cos(fdiv(pi, fmul(n, 2))))), 1)),
sin(fdiv(fmul(3, pi), fmul(2, n)))
]), fmul(12, sin(sin(fdiv(pi, n))))),
sin(fdiv(fmul(3, pi), fmul(2, n))),
getPower(k, 3)
])
return result.convert('meter^3')
def calculateAcceleration( measurement1, measurement2 ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'velocity', 'length' ],
[ 'velocity', 'time' ],
[ 'length', 'time' ],
[ 'acceleration', 'time' ],
[ 'acceleration', 'length' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if 'acceleration' in arguments:
acceleration = arguments[ 'acceleration' ]
elif 'velocity' in arguments:
if 'length' in arguments:
acceleration = divide( getPower( arguments[ 'velocity' ], 2 ), multiply( arguments[ 'length' ], 2 ) )
else:
acceleration = divide( arguments[ 'velocity' ], arguments[ 'time' ] )
elif 'length' in arguments and 'time' in arguments:
acceleration = multiply( 2, divide( arguments[ 'length' ], getPower( arguments[ 'time' ], 2 ) ) )
return acceleration.convert( 'meter/second^2' )
def calculateBlackHoleSurfaceAreaOperator( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_surface_area: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
area = divide( getProduct( [ 16, pi, getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ), getPower( mass, 2 ) ] ),
getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 4 ) )
return area.convert( 'meter^2' )
def getConeVolume( r, h ):
if not isinstance( r, RPNMeasurement ):
return getConeVolume( RPNMeasurement( real( r ), 'meter' ), h )
if r.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'cone_volume\' argument 1 must be a length' )
if not isinstance( h, RPNMeasurement ):
return getConeVolume( r, RPNMeasurement( real( h ), 'meter' ) )
if h.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'cone_volume\' argument 2 must be a length' )
return getProduct( [ pi, getPower( r, 2 ), divide( h, 3 ) ] )
def calculateBlackHoleSurfaceTidesOperator( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_surface_tides: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
tidalForce = divide( getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 6 ),
getProduct( [ 4, getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ), getPower( mass, 2 ) ] ) )
return tidalForce.convert( '1/second^2' )
def getTorusVolume( R, s ):
if not isinstance( R, RPNMeasurement ):
return getTorusVolume( RPNMeasurement( real( R ), 'meter' ), s )
if R.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'torus_volume\' argument 1 must be a length' )
if not isinstance( s, RPNMeasurement ):
return getTorusVolume( R, RPNMeasurement( real( s ), 'meter' ) )
if s.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'torus_volume\' argument 2 must be a length' )
return getProduct( [ 2, power( pi, 2 ), R, getPower( s, 2 ) ] )
def calculateBlackHoleLifetime( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_lifetime: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
lifetime = divide( getProduct( [ getPower( mass, 3 ), 5120, pi, getPower( getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), 2 ) ] ),
getProduct( [ getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ), getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 4 ) ] ) )
return lifetime.convert( 'seconds' )
def calculateSurfaceGravity( measurement1, measurement2 ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass', 'density' ],
[ 'mass', 'length' ],
[ 'mass', 'volume' ],
[ 'density', 'length' ],
[ 'density', 'volume' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( '\'surface_gravity\' requires length and mass measurements' )
if 'mass' in arguments:
mass = arguments[ 'mass' ]
if 'length' in arguments:
length = arguments[ 'length' ]
elif 'density' in arguments:
volume = divide( mass, arguments[ 'density' ] )
length = getKSphereRadius( volume, 3 )
else:
length = getKSphereRadius( arguments[ 'volume' ], 3 )
elif 'volume' in arguments:
# density, volume
volume = arguments[ 'volume' ]
mass = multiply( arguments[ 'density' ], volume )
length = getKSphereRadius( volume, 3 )
else:
# density, length
length = arguments[ 'length' ]
volume = getPower( length, 3 )
mass = multiply( arguments[ 'density' ], volume )
gravity = multiply( divide( mass, getPower( length, 2 ) ), getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) )
return gravity.convert( 'meters/seconds^2' )
def calculateSurfaceGravityOperator( measurement1, measurement2 ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass', 'density' ],
[ 'mass', 'length' ],
[ 'mass', 'volume' ],
[ 'density', 'length' ],
[ 'density', 'volume' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement1, measurement2 ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( '\'surface_gravity\' requires length and mass measurements' )
if 'mass' in arguments:
mass = arguments[ 'mass' ]
if 'length' in arguments:
length = arguments[ 'length' ]
elif 'density' in arguments:
volume = divide( mass, arguments[ 'density' ] )
length = getKSphereRadius( volume, 3 )
else:
length = getKSphereRadius( arguments[ 'volume' ], 3 )
elif 'volume' in arguments:
# density, volume
volume = arguments[ 'volume' ]
mass = multiply( arguments[ 'density' ], volume )
length = getKSphereRadius( volume, 3 )
else:
# density, length
length = arguments[ 'length' ]
volume = getPower( length, 3 )
mass = multiply( arguments[ 'density' ], volume )
gravity = multiply( divide( mass, getPower( length, 2 ) ), getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) )
return gravity.convert( 'meters/seconds^2' )
def getPrismVolume( n, k, h ):
if real( n ) < 3:
raise ValueError( 'the number of sides of the prism cannot be less than 3,' )
if not isinstance( k, RPNMeasurement ):
return getPrismVolume( n, RPNMeasurement( real( k ), 'meter' ), h )
if not isinstance( h, RPNMeasurement ):
return getPrismVolume( n, k, RPNMeasurement( real( h ), 'meter' ) )
if k.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'prism_volume\' argument 2 must be a length' )
if h.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'prism_volume\' argument 3 must be a length' )
return getProduct( [ fdiv( n, 4 ), h, getPower( k, 2 ), cot( fdiv( pi, n ) ) ] ).convert( 'meter^3' )
def getAntiprismVolume( n, k ):
if real( n ) < 3:
raise ValueError( 'the number of sides of the prism cannot be less than 3,' )
if not isinstance( k, RPNMeasurement ):
return getAntiprismVolume( n, RPNMeasurement( real( k ), 'meter' ) )
if k.getDimensions( ) != { 'length' : 1 }:
raise ValueError( '\'antiprism_volume\' argument 2 must be a length' )
result = getProduct( [ fdiv( fprod( [ n, sqrt( fsub( fmul( 4, cos( cos( fdiv( pi, fmul( n, 2 ) ) ) ) ), 1 ) ),
sin( fdiv( fmul( 3, pi ), fmul( 2, n ) ) ) ] ),
fmul( 12, sin( sin( fdiv( pi, n ) ) ) ) ),
sin( fdiv( fmul( 3, pi ), fmul( 2, n ) ) ),
getPower( k, 3 ) ] )
return result.convert( 'meter^3' )
def calculateBlackHoleSurfaceGravity( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_surface_gravity: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
gravity = divide( getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 4 ), getProduct( [ mass, 4, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) ] ) )
return gravity.convert( 'meter/second^2' )
def calculateBlackHoleRadius( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_radius: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
radius = getProduct( [ 2, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ] ).divide( getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 2 ) )
return radius.convert( 'meter' )
def calculateBlackHoleRadiusOperator( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_radius: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
radius = getProduct( [ 2, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ), mass ] ). \
divide( getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 2 ) )
return radius.convert( 'meter' )
def calculateBlackHoleEntropy( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_entropy: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
entropy = divide( getProduct( [ getPower( mass, 2 ), 4, pi, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) ] ),
getProduct( [ getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ), getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), getLog( 10.0 ) ] ) )
return getConstant( 'boltzmann_constant' ).multiply( entropy ).convert( 'bit' )
def calculateBlackHoleTemperature( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_temperature: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
temperature = divide( getProduct( [ getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ), getPower( getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), 3 ) ] ),
getProduct( [ mass, 8, getConstant( 'boltzmann_constant' ), pi, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) ] ) )
return temperature.convert( 'kelvin' )
def calculateBlackHoleEntropyOperator( measurement ):
validUnitTypes = [
[ 'mass' ],
[ 'length' ],
[ 'acceleration' ],
[ 'area' ],
[ 'temperature' ],
[ 'power' ],
[ 'tidal_force' ],
[ 'time' ],
]
arguments = matchUnitTypes( [ measurement ], validUnitTypes )
if not arguments:
raise ValueError( 'black_hole_entropy: invalid argument' )
mass = calculateBlackHoleMass( measurement )
entropy = divide( getProduct( [ getPower( mass, 2 ), 4, pi, getConstant( 'newton_constant' ) ] ),
getProduct( [ getConstant( 'reduced_planck_constant' ),
getConstant( 'speed_of_light' ), ln( 10.0 ) ] ) )
return getConstant( 'boltzmann_constant' ).multiply( entropy ).convert( 'bit' )
def getOctahedronVolumeOperator(n):
return divide(multiply(sqrt(2), getPower(n, 3)), 3)
def getRegularPolygonArea(n, k):
return multiply(fdiv(n, fmul(4, tan(fdiv(pi, n)))),
getPower(k, 2)).convert('meter^2')
def getOctahedronSurfaceAreaOperator(n):
return getProduct([2, sqrt(3), getPower(n, 2)])
def getTetrahedronVolumeOperator(n):
return divide(getPower(n, 3), fmul(6, sqrt(2)))
def getStefanBoltzmannConstant( ):
return getProduct( [ 4, getPower( pi, 5 ), getPower( g.k, 4 ) ] ).divide(
getProduct( [ 15, getPower( g.h, 3 ), getPower( g.c, 2 ) ] ) )
def getAntiprismSurfaceAreaOperator(n, k):
result = getProduct(
[fdiv(n, 2),
fadd(cot(fdiv(pi, n)), sqrt(3)),
getPower(k, 2)])
return result.convert('meter^2')
def getIcosahedronSurfaceAreaOperator(n):
return getProduct([5, sqrt(3), getPower(n, 2)]).convert('meter^2')
def getvonKlitzingConstant( ):
return g.h.divide( getPower( g.e, 2 ) ).convert( 'ohm' )
def getPrismSurfaceAreaOperator(n, k, h):
result = add(getProduct([fdiv(n, 2),
getPower(k, 2),
cot(fdiv(pi, n))]), getProduct([n, k, h]))
return result.convert('meter^2')
def getStefanBoltzmannConstant( ):
nSubA = RPNMeasurement( getConstant( 'avogadro_number' ), 'mole^-1' )
return getProduct( [ 2, getPower( pi, 5 ), getPower( getConstant( 'molar_gas_constant' ), 4 ) ] ).divide(
getProduct( [ 15, getPower( g.h, 3 ), getPower( g.c, 2 ),
getPower( nSubA, 4 ) ] ) )
def getDodecahedronSurfaceAreaOperator(n):
area = getProduct(
[3, getRoot(add(25, fmul(10, sqrt(5))), 2),
getPower(n, 2)])
return area.convert('meter^2')
def getConeSurfaceAreaOperator(radius, height):
hypotenuse = getRoot(add(getPower(radius, 2), getPower(height, 2)), 2)
return getProduct([pi, radius, add(radius, hypotenuse)])
def getDodecahedronVolumeOperator(n):
return divide(multiply(fadd(15, fmul(7, sqrt(5))), getPower(n, 3)),
4).convert('meter^3')
def getConeVolumeOperator(radius, height):
return getProduct([pi, getPower(radius, 2), divide(height, 3)])
def getIcosahedronVolumeOperator(n):
return getProduct([fdiv(5, 12),
fadd(3, sqrt(5)),
getPower(n, 3)]).convert('meter^3')
def getTetrahedronSurfaceAreaOperator(n):
return multiply(sqrt(3), getPower(n, 2))
def getvonKlitzingConstant( ):
return g.h.divide( getPower( g.e, 2 ) ).convert( 'ohm' )
def getPlanckAcceleration( ):
return getRoot( getPower( g.c, 7 ).divide( g.h_bar.multiply( g.G ) ), 2 )
def getPrismVolumeOperator(n, k, h):
return getProduct([fdiv(n, 4), h,
getPower(k, 2),
cot(fdiv(pi, n))]).convert('meter^3')
def getTorusVolumeOperator(major, minor):
return getProduct([2, power(pi, 2), major, getPower(minor, 2)])
