def symbolic_sis(n, alpha, q, m=None, epsilon=None):
if epsilon is None:
epsilon = var("epsilon")
assume(epsilon>0)
assume(epsilon<ZZ(1)/2)
delta_0 = var("delta_0")
assume(delta_0>=1.0)
e = alpha*q/sqrt(2*pi)
if m is None:
m = sqrt(n*log(q)/log(delta_0))
v = e * delta_0**m * q**(n/m) # norm of the vector
# epsilon = exp(-pi*(|v|^2/q^2))
f = log(1/epsilon)/pi == (v/q)**2
# solve
f = 2* q**2 * m * f * pi
f = f.simplify_full()
f = f.solve(delta_0**(2*m))[0]
f = f.log().canonicalize_radical()
f = f.solve(log(delta_0))[0]
f = f.simplify_log()
return f
def download_hecke_algebras_full_lists_mod_op(**args):
label = str(args['orbit_label'])
ell = int(args['prime'])
index = int(args['index'])
res = db.hecke_ladic.lucky({
'orbit_label': label,
'index': index,
'ell': ell
})
mydate = time.strftime("%d %B %Y")
if res is None:
return "No mod %s operators available" % ell
lang = args['lang']
c = download_comment_prefix[lang]
field = 'GF(%s), %s, %s, ' % (res['ell'], sqrt(len(
res['operators'][0])), sqrt(len(res['operators'][0])))
mat_start = "Mat(" + field if lang == 'gp' else "Matrix(" + field
mat_end = "~)" if lang == 'gp' else ")"
entry = lambda r: "".join([mat_start, str(r), mat_end])
outstr = c + ' List of Hecke operators T_1, ..., T_%s mod %s for orbit %s index %s downloaded from the LMFDB on %s. \n\n' % (
len(res['operators']), ell, label, index, mydate)
outstr += download_assignment_start[lang] + '[\\\n'
outstr += ",\\\n".join([entry(r) for r in res['operators']])
outstr += ']'
outstr += download_assignment_end[lang]
outstr += '\n'
return outstr
def PointMinusInfinity(self, P, sign = 0):
# Creates a divisor class of P- \inty_{(-1)**sign}
maxlower = self.lower
assert self.f.degree() == 2*self.g + 2;
sqrtan = (-1)**sign * self.Rextraprec( sqrt( self.Rdoubleextraprec(self.an)) );
xP, yP = self.Rextraprec(P[0]),self.Rextraprec(P[1])
assert (self.f(xP) - yP**2).abs() <= (yP**2).abs() * self.almostzero
if xP != 0 and self.a0 != 0:
x0 = self.Rextraprec(0);
else:
x0 = xP
while x0 == xP:
x0 = self.Rextraprec(ZZ.random_element())
y0 = self.Rextraprec( sqrt( self.Rdoubleextraprec( self.f( x0 )))) # P0 = (x0, y0)
WP1 = Matrix(self.Rextraprec, self.nZ, 3 * self.g + 6) # H0(3D0 - P0 - g \infty) = H0(3D0 - P0 - g(\infty_{+} + \infty_{-}))
EvP = Matrix(self.Rextraprec, 1, 3 * self.g + 6) # the functions of H0(3D0-P0-g \infty) at P
B = Matrix(self.Rextraprec, self.nZ, 3 * self.g + 5) # H0(3D0 - \infty_{sign} - P0 - g\infty)
# adds the functions x - x0, (x - x0)**1, ..., (x - x0)**(2g+2) to it
for j in xrange(2 * self.g + 2 ):
for i, (x, y) in enumerate( self.Z ):
WP1[ i, j] = B[ i, j] = (x - x0) ** (j + 1)
EvP[ 0, j] = (xP - x0) ** (j + 1)
# adds y - y0
for i, (x, y) in enumerate( self.Z ):
WP1[ i, 2 * self.g + 2 ] = B[ i, 2 * self.g + 2] = y - y0
EvP[ 0, 2 * self.g + 2] = yP - y0
# adds (x - x0) * y ... (x-x0)**(g+1)*y
for j in range(1, self.g + 2):
for i, (x,y) in enumerate( self.Z ):
WP1[ i, 2 * self.g + 2 + j ] = B[ i, 2 * self.g + 2 + j] = (x-x0)**j * y
EvP[ 0, 2 * self.g + 2 + j] = (xP - x0)**j * yP
# adds (x - x0)**(2g + 3) and y * (x - x0)**(g + 2)
for i,(x,y) in enumerate(self.Z):
WP1[ i, 3 * self.g + 4 ] = (x - x0)**( 2 * self.g + 3)
WP1[ i, 3 * self.g + 5 ] = y * (x - x0)**(self.g + 2)
B[ i, 3 * self.g + 4 ] = (x - x0)**( self.g + 2) * ( y - sqrtan * x**(self.g + 1) )
EvP[ 0, 3 * self.g + 4] = (xP - x0) ** ( 2 * self.g + 3)
EvP[ 0, 3 * self.g + 5] = yP * (xP - x0)**(self.g + 2)
# A = functions in H0(3D0-P0-g \infty) that vanish at P
# = H**0(3D0 - P0 - P -g \infty)
K, upper, lower = Kernel(EvP, EvP.ncols() - (3 * self.g + 5))
assert self.threshold_check(upper, lower), "upper = %s lower = %s" % (RealField(35)(upper), RealField(35)(lower))
maxlower = max(maxlower, lower);
A = WP1 * K
# A - B = P0 + P + g \infty - (\infty_{+} + P0 + g\infty) = P - \inty_{+}
res, lower = self.Sub(A,B)
maxlower = max(maxlower, lower);
return res.change_ring(self.R), maxlower;
def symbolic_modulus_switching(n, alpha, q, h, m=None, epsilon=None):
if epsilon is None:
epsilon = var("epsilon")
assume(epsilon>0)
assume(epsilon<ZZ(1)/2)
delta_0 = var("delta_0")
assume(delta_0>=1.0)
if m is None:
m = sqrt(n*log(q)/log(delta_0))
e = alpha*q/sqrt(2*pi)
c = e * sqrt(m-n)/sqrt(h)
v = delta_0**m * (q/c)**(n/m) # norm of the vector
v_ = v**2/m # variance of each component
v_r = (m-n) * e**2 *v_ # noise contribution
v_l = h * v_ * c**2 # nose contribution of rounding noise
# epsilon = exp(-pi*(|v|^2/q^2))
f = log(1/epsilon)/pi == (v_l + v_r)/q**2
# solve
f = 2* q**2 * m * f * pi
f = f.simplify_full()
f = f.solve(delta_0**(2*m))[0]
f = f.log().canonicalize_radical()
f = f.solve(log(delta_0))[0]
f = f.simplify_log()
return f
def factorize(n, r_p, r_q):
"""
Recovers the prime factors from a modulus using the Ghafar-Ariffin-Asbullah attack.
More information: Ghafar AHA. et al., "A New LSB Attack on Special-Structured RSA Primes"
:param n: the modulus
:param r_p: the value r_p
:param r_q: the value r_q
:return: a tuple containing the prime factors
"""
i = ceil(sqrt(r_p * r_q))
x = ZZ["x"].gen()
while True:
sigma = (round(int(sqrt(n))) - i)**2
z = (n - (r_p * r_q)) % sigma
f = x**2 - z * x + sigma * r_p * r_q
for root, _ in f.roots():
if root % r_p == 0:
p = int((root // r_p) + r_q)
assert n % p == 0
return p, n // p
if root % r_q == 0:
p = int((root // r_q) + r_p)
assert n % p == 0
return p, n // p
i += 1
def _draw_funddom_d(coset_reps,format="MP",z0=I):
r""" Draw a fundamental domain for self in the circle model
INPUT:
- ''format'' -- (default 'Disp') How to present the f.d.
= 'S' -- Display directly on the screen
- z0 -- (default I) the upper-half plane is mapped to the disk by z-->(z-z0)/(z-z0.conjugate())
EXAMPLES::
sage: G=MySubgroup(Gamma0(3))
sage: G._draw_funddom_d()
"""
# The fundamental domain consists of copies of the standard fundamental domain
pi=RR.pi()
from sage.plot.plot import (Graphics,line)
g=Graphics()
bdcirc=_circ_arc(0 ,2 *pi,0 ,1 ,1000 )
g=g+bdcirc
# Corners
x1=-RR(0.5) ; y1=RR(sqrt(3 )/2)
x2=RR(0.5) ; y2=RR(sqrt(3 )/2)
z_inf=1
l1 = _geodesic_between_two_points_d(x1,y1,x1,infinity)
l2 = _geodesic_between_two_points_d(x2,y2,x2,infinity)
c0 = _geodesic_between_two_points_d(x1,y1,x2,y2)
tri=c0+l1+l2
g=g+tri
for A in coset_reps:
[a,b,c,d]=A
if(a==1 and b==0 and c==0 and d==1 ):
continue
if(a<0 ):
a=-a; b=-b; c=-c; d=-1
if(c==0 ): # then this is easier
l1 = _geodesic_between_two_points_d(x1+b,y1,x1+b,infinity)
l2 = _geodesic_between_two_points_d(x2+b,y2,x2+b,infinity)
c0 = _geodesic_between_two_points_d(x1+b,y1,x2+b,y2)
# c0=line(L0); l1=line(L1); l2=line(L2); l3=line(L3)
tri=c0+l1+l2
g=g+tri
else:
den=(c*x1+d)**2 +c**2 *y1**2
x1_t=(a*c*(x1**2 +y1**2 )+(a*d+b*c)*x1+b*d)/den
y1_t=y1/den
den=(c*x2+d)**2 +c**2 *y2**2
x2_t=(a*c*(x2**2 +y2**2 )+(a*d+b*c)*x2+b*d)/den
y2_t=y2/den
inf_t=a/c
c0=_geodesic_between_two_points_d(x1_t,y1_t,x2_t,y2_t)
c1=_geodesic_between_two_points_d(x1_t,y1_t,inf_t,0.0 )
c2=_geodesic_between_two_points_d(x2_t,y2_t,inf_t,0.0 )
tri=c0+c1+c2
g=g+tri
g.xmax(1 )
g.ymax(1 )
g.xmin(-1 )
g.ymin(-1 )
g.set_aspect_ratio(1 )
return g
def symbolic_sis(n, alpha, q, m=None, epsilon=None):
if epsilon is None:
epsilon = var("epsilon")
assume(epsilon > 0)
assume(epsilon < ZZ(1) / 2)
delta_0 = var("delta_0")
assume(delta_0 >= 1.0)
e = alpha * q / sqrt(2 * pi)
if m is None:
m = sqrt(n * log(q) / log(delta_0))
v = e * delta_0**m * q**(n / m) # norm of the vector
# epsilon = exp(-pi*(|v|^2/q^2))
f = log(1 / epsilon) / pi == (v / q)**2
# solve
f = 2 * q**2 * m * f * pi
f = f.simplify_full()
f = f.solve(delta_0**(2 * m))[0]
f = f.log().canonicalize_radical()
f = f.solve(log(delta_0))[0]
f = f.simplify_log()
return f
def symbolic_modulus_switching(n, alpha, q, h, m=None, epsilon=None):
if epsilon is None:
epsilon = var("epsilon")
assume(epsilon > 0)
assume(epsilon < ZZ(1) / 2)
delta_0 = var("delta_0")
assume(delta_0 >= 1.0)
if m is None:
m = sqrt(n * log(q) / log(delta_0))
e = alpha * q / sqrt(2 * pi)
c = e * sqrt(m - n) / sqrt(h)
v = delta_0**m * (q / c)**(n / m) # norm of the vector
v_ = v**2 / m # variance of each component
v_r = (m - n) * e**2 * v_ # noise contribution
v_l = h * v_ * c**2 # nose contribution of rounding noise
# epsilon = exp(-pi*(|v|^2/q^2))
f = log(1 / epsilon) / pi == (v_l + v_r) / q**2
# solve
f = 2 * q**2 * m * f * pi
f = f.simplify_full()
f = f.solve(delta_0**(2 * m))[0]
f = f.log().canonicalize_radical()
f = f.solve(log(delta_0))[0]
f = f.simplify_log()
return f
def branch(g, P):
x0, y0 = P
val = [(y0 - sqrt(g(x0))).norm(), (y0 + sqrt(g(x0))).norm() ];
if val[0] < val[1]:
return 1
else:
return -1
def _draw_funddom(coset_reps,format="S"):
r""" Draw a fundamental domain for G.
INPUT:
- ``format`` -- (default 'Disp') How to present the f.d.
- ``S`` -- Display directly on the screen
EXAMPLES::
sage: G=MySubgroup(Gamma0(3))
sage: G._draw_funddom()
"""
pi=RR.pi()
pi_3 = pi / RR(3.0)
from sage.plot.plot import (Graphics,line)
from sage.functions.trig import (cos,sin)
g=Graphics()
x1=RR(-0.5) ; y1=RR(sqrt(3 )/2 )
x2=RR(0.5) ; y2=RR(sqrt(3 )/2 )
xmax=RR(20.0)
l1 = line([[x1,y1],[x1,xmax]])
l2 = line([[x2,y2],[x2,xmax]])
l3 = line([[x2,xmax],[x1,xmax]]) # This is added to make a closed contour
c0=_circ_arc(RR(pi/3.0) ,RR(2.0*pi)/RR(3.0) ,0 ,1 ,100 )
tri=c0+l1+l3+l2
g=g+tri
for A in coset_reps:
[a,b,c,d]=A
if(a==1 and b==0 and c==0 and d==1 ):
continue
if(a<0 ):
a=RR(-a); b=RR(-b); c=RR(-c); d=RR(-d)
else:
a=RR(a); b=RR(b); c=RR(c); d=RR(d)
if(c==0 ): # then this is easier
L0 = [[cos(pi_3*RR(i/100.0))+b,sin(pi_3*RR(i/100.0))] for i in range(100 ,201 )]
L1 = [[x1+b,y1],[x1+b,xmax]]
L2 = [[x2+b,y2],[x2+b,xmax]]
L3 = [[x2+b,xmax],[x1+b,xmax]]
c0=line(L0); l1=line(L1); l2=line(L2); l3=line(L3)
tri=c0+l1+l3+l2
g=g+tri
else:
den=(c*x1+d)**2 +c**2 *y1**2
x1_t=(a*c*(x1**2 +y1**2 )+(a*d+b*c)*x1+b*d)/den
y1_t=y1/den
den=(c*x2+d)**2 +c**2 *y2**2
x2_t=(a*c*(x2**2 +y2**2 )+(a*d+b*c)*x2+b*d)/den
y2_t=y2/den
inf_t=a/c
c0=_geodesic_between_two_points(x1_t,y1_t,x2_t,y2_t)
c1=_geodesic_between_two_points(x1_t,y1_t,inf_t,0. )
c2=_geodesic_between_two_points(x2_t,y2_t,inf_t,0.0)
tri=c0+c1+c2
g=g+tri
return g
def quadratic_L_function__exact(n, d):
r"""
Returns the exact value of a quadratic twist of the Riemann Zeta function
by `\chi_d(x) = \left(\frac{d}{x}\right)`.
The input `n` must be a critical value.
EXAMPLES::
sage: quadratic_L_function__exact(1, -4)
1/4*pi
sage: quadratic_L_function__exact(-4, -4)
5/2
sage: quadratic_L_function__exact(2, 1)
1/6*pi^2
TESTS::
sage: quadratic_L_function__exact(2, -4)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: n must be a critical value (i.e. odd > 0 or even <= 0)
REFERENCES:
- [Iwa1972]_, pp 16-17, Special values of `L(1-n, \chi)` and `L(n, \chi)`
- [IR1990]_
- [Was1997]_
"""
from sage.all import SR, sqrt
if n <= 0:
return QuadraticBernoulliNumber(1 - n, d) / (n - 1)
elif n >= 1:
# Compute the kind of critical values (p10)
if kronecker_symbol(fundamental_discriminant(d), -1) == 1:
delta = 0
else:
delta = 1
# Compute the positive special values (p17)
if ((n - delta) % 2 == 0):
f = abs(fundamental_discriminant(d))
if delta == 0:
GS = sqrt(f)
else:
GS = I * sqrt(f)
ans = SR(ZZ(-1)**(1 + (n - delta) / 2))
ans *= (2 * pi / f)**n
ans *= GS # Evaluate the Gauss sum here! =0
ans *= QQ.one() / (2 * I**delta)
ans *= QuadraticBernoulliNumber(n, d) / factorial(n)
return ans
else:
if delta == 0:
raise TypeError(
"n must be a critical value (i.e. even > 0 or odd < 0)")
if delta == 1:
raise TypeError(
"n must be a critical value (i.e. odd > 0 or even <= 0)")
def _branch_safe_sqrt(z):
if z != 0:
return sqrt(z)
d = sqrt(abs(z)).upper()
RIF = z.real().parent()
CIF = z.parent()
return CIF(RIF(-d, d), RIF(-d, d))
def test_almost_equal():
echo_function("test_almost_equal")
s = Segment(Point(1, 1), Point(2, 2))
v = s.get_normal_vector()
assert_equal(v.I, Point(1.5, 1.5))
assert_almost_equal(v.length, 1, epsilon=0.001)
assert_almost_equal(v.F,
Point(1 / 2 * sqrt(2) + 1.5, -1 / 2 * sqrt(2) + 1.5),
epsilon=0.001)
def crack_when_pq_close(n):
t = Integer(ceil(sqrt(n)))
while True:
k = t**2 - n
if k > 0:
s = Integer(int(round(sqrt(t**2 - n))))
if s**2 + n == t**2:
return t + s, t - s
t += 1
def quadratic_L_function__exact(n, d):
r"""
Returns the exact value of a quadratic twist of the Riemann Zeta function
by `\chi_d(x) = \left(\frac{d}{x}\right)`.
The input `n` must be a critical value.
EXAMPLES::
sage: quadratic_L_function__exact(1, -4)
1/4*pi
sage: quadratic_L_function__exact(-4, -4)
5/2
sage: quadratic_L_function__exact(2, 1)
1/6*pi^2
TESTS::
sage: quadratic_L_function__exact(2, -4)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: n must be a critical value (i.e. odd > 0 or even <= 0)
REFERENCES:
- [Iwa1972]_, pp 16-17, Special values of `L(1-n, \chi)` and `L(n, \chi)`
- [IR1990]_
- [Was1997]_
"""
from sage.all import SR, sqrt
if n <= 0:
return QuadraticBernoulliNumber(1-n,d)/(n-1)
elif n >= 1:
# Compute the kind of critical values (p10)
if kronecker_symbol(fundamental_discriminant(d), -1) == 1:
delta = 0
else:
delta = 1
# Compute the positive special values (p17)
if ((n - delta) % 2 == 0):
f = abs(fundamental_discriminant(d))
if delta == 0:
GS = sqrt(f)
else:
GS = I * sqrt(f)
ans = SR(ZZ(-1)**(1+(n-delta)/2))
ans *= (2*pi/f)**n
ans *= GS # Evaluate the Gauss sum here! =0
ans *= QQ.one()/(2 * I**delta)
ans *= QuadraticBernoulliNumber(n,d)/factorial(n)
return ans
else:
if delta == 0:
raise TypeError("n must be a critical value (i.e. even > 0 or odd < 0)")
if delta == 1:
raise TypeError("n must be a critical value (i.e. odd > 0 or even <= 0)")
def draw_transformed_triangle_H(A, xmax=20):
r"""
Draw the modular triangle translated by A=[a,b,c,d]
"""
#print "A=",A,type(A)
pi = RR.pi()
pi_3 = pi / RR(3.0)
from sage.plot.plot import (Graphics, line)
from sage.functions.trig import (cos, sin)
x1 = RR(-0.5)
y1 = RR(sqrt(3) / 2)
x2 = RR(0.5)
y2 = RR(sqrt(3) / 2)
a, b, c, d = A #[0,0]; b=A[0,1]; c=A[1,0]; d=A[1,1]
if a < 0:
a = RR(-a)
b = RR(-b)
c = RR(-c)
d = RR(-d)
else:
a = RR(a)
b = RR(b)
c = RR(c)
d = RR(d)
if c == 0: # then this is easier
if a * d <> 0:
a = a / d
b = b / d
L0 = [[
a * cos(pi_3 * RR(i / 100.0)) + b, a * sin(pi_3 * RR(i / 100.0))
] for i in range(100, 201)]
L1 = [[a * x1 + b, a * y1], [a * x1 + b, xmax]]
L2 = [[a * x2 + b, a * y2], [a * x2 + b, xmax]]
L3 = [[a * x2 + b, xmax], [a * x1 + b, xmax]]
c0 = line(L0)
l1 = line(L1)
l2 = line(L2)
l3 = line(L3)
tri = c0 + l1 + l3 + l2
else:
den = (c * x1 + d)**2 + c**2 * y1**2
x1_t = (a * c * (x1**2 + y1**2) + (a * d + b * c) * x1 + b * d) / den
y1_t = y1 / den
den = (c * x2 + d)**2 + c**2 * y2**2
x2_t = (a * c * (x2**2 + y2**2) + (a * d + b * c) * x2 + b * d) / den
y2_t = y2 / den
inf_t = a / c
#print "A=",A
#print "arg1=",x1_t,y1_t,x2_t,y2_t
c0 = _geodesic_between_two_points(x1_t, y1_t, x2_t, y2_t)
#print "arg1=",x1_t,y1_t,inf_t
c1 = _geodesic_between_two_points(x1_t, y1_t, inf_t, 0.)
#print "arg1=",x2_t,y2_t,inf_t
c2 = _geodesic_between_two_points(x2_t, y2_t, inf_t, 0.0)
tri = c0 + c1 + c2
return tri
def matrices_are_close(m1, m2, epsilon=1e-6):
m1 = m1 / sqrt(m1.det())
m2 = m2 / sqrt(m2.det())
return any([
all([
abs(m1[i, j] - s * m2[i, j]) < 1e-6 for i in range(2)
for j in range(2)
]) for s in [+1, -1]
])
def compare_formulas_2(D, k):
d1 = old_div(RR(abs(D)), RR(6))
if D < 0:
D = -D
s1 = RR(
sqrt(abs(D)) * sum([
log(d) for d in divisors(D) if is_fundamental_discriminant(-d)
and kronecker(-d, old_div(D, d)) == 1
]))
d2 = RR((old_div(2, (sqrt(3) * pi))) * s1)
return d1 - d2, d2, RR(2 * sqrt(D) * log(D) / pi)
def _to_polynomial(f, val1):
prec = f.prec.value
R = PolynomialRing(QQ if f.base_ring == ZZ else f.base_ring,
names="q1, q2")
q1, q2 = R.gens()
I = R.ideal([q1 ** (prec + 1), q2 ** (prec + 1)])
S = R.quotient_ring(I)
res = sum([sum([f.fc_dct.get((n, r, m), 0) * QQ(val1) ** r
for r in range(-int(floor(2 * sqrt(n * m))), int(floor(2 * sqrt(n * m))) + 1)])
* q1 ** n * q2 ** m
for n in range(prec + 1)
for m in range(prec + 1)])
return S(res)
def good_bezier(p1, angle1, angle2, p2, tension1=1.0, tension2=1.0):
"""
Compute a nice curve from p1 to p2 with specified tangents
"""
l, psi = to_polar(p2 - p1)
ctheta, stheta = polar(1.0, angle1 - psi)
cphi, sphi = polar(1.0, psi - angle2)
a = sqrt(2.0)
b = 1.0 / 16.0
c = (3.0 - sqrt(5.0)) / 2.0
alpha = a * (stheta - b * sphi) * (sphi - b * stheta) * (ctheta - cphi)
rho = (2 + alpha) / (1 + (1 - c) * ctheta + c * cphi) / tension1
sigma = (2 - alpha) / (1 + (1 - c) * cphi + c * ctheta) / tension2
return (p1 + polar(l * rho / 3, angle1), p2 - polar(l * sigma / 3, angle2))
def x5_jacobi_pwsr(prec):
mx = int(ceil(sqrt(8 * prec) / QQ(2)) + 1)
mn = int(floor(-(sqrt(8 * prec) - 1) / QQ(2)))
mx1 = int(ceil((sqrt(8 * prec + 1) - 1) / QQ(2)) + 1)
mn1 = int(floor((-sqrt(8 * prec + 1) - 1) / QQ(2)))
R = LaurentPolynomialRing(QQ, names="t")
t = R.gens()[0]
S = PowerSeriesRing(R, names="q1")
q1 = S.gens()[0]
eta_3 = sum([QQ(-1) ** n * (2 * n + 1) * q1 ** (n * (n + 1) // 2)
for n in range(mn1, mx1)]) + bigO(q1 ** (prec + 1))
theta = sum([QQ(-1) ** n * q1 ** (((2 * n + 1) ** 2 - 1) // 8) * t ** (n + 1)
for n in range(mn, mx)])
# ct = qexp_eta(ZZ[['q1']], prec + 1)
return theta * eta_3 ** 3 * QQ(8) ** (-1)
def curvature(self):
"""
return the curvature function.
"""
gp = self.derivative()
gpp = self.derivative(n=2)
fp1 = gp.f1.sage
fp2 = gp.f2.sage
fpp1 = gpp.f1.sage
fpp2 = gpp.f2.sage
mixed = fpp1 * fp1 + fpp2 * fp2
mixed = mixed.simplify_full()
num1 = fpp1 * self.speed - 2 * fp1 * mixed
num2 = fpp2 * self.speed - 2 * fp2 * mixed
num1 = num1.simplify_full()
num2 = num2.simplify_full()
tau1 = num1 / (self.speed**2)
tau2 = num2 / (self.speed**2)
tau1 = tau1.simplify_full()
tau2 = tau2.simplify_full()
c = sqrt(tau1**2 + tau2**2)
return c.full_simplify()
def derivative_of_single_dihedral_angle(self, tetIndex, i, j):
"""
Gives the derivative of the single dihedral angle between face i and j
of tetrahedron tetIndex with respect to the edge parameters.
"""
s = len(self.mcomplex.Edges)
result = vector(self.vertex_gram_matrices[0].base_ring(), s)
tet = self.mcomplex.Tetrahedra[tetIndex]
cofactor_matrices = _cofactor_matrices_for_submatrices(
self.vertex_gram_matrices[tetIndex])
vga = self.vertex_gram_adjoints[tetIndex]
cii = vga[i, i]
cij = vga[i, j]
cjj = vga[j, j]
dcij = -1 / sqrt(cii * cjj - cij**2)
tmp = -dcij * cij / 2
dcii = tmp / cii
dcjj = tmp / cjj
for length_edge, (m, n) in _OneSubsimplicesWithVertexIndices:
l = tet.Class[length_edge].Index
result[l] += (
dcij * _cofactor_derivative(cofactor_matrices, i, j, m, n) +
dcii * _cofactor_derivative(cofactor_matrices, i, i, m, n) +
dcjj * _cofactor_derivative(cofactor_matrices, j, j, m, n))
return result
def visual_length(v, l, xunit=None, yunit=None, pspict=None):
"""
Return a vector which as the requested *visual* length.
Return a vector in the direction of v that has *visual* length
l taking xunit and yunit into account.
"""
from yanntricks.src.affine_vector import AffineVector
if pspict:
xunit = pspict.xunit
yunit = pspict.yunit
Dx = v.Dx
Dy = v.Dy
if not v.is_vertical:
slope = v.slope
x = l / sqrt(xunit**2 + slope**2 * yunit**2)
if numerical_is_negative(Dx):
x = -x
y = slope * x
else:
x = 0
y = l / yunit
if numerical_is_negative(Dy):
y = -l / yunit
return AffineVector(v.I, v.I + (x, y))
def is_quotient(M, sym, rank):
symbol = GenusSymbol_global_ring(MatrixSpace(ZZ, rank, rank).one())
symbol._local_symbols = [
Genus_Symbol_p_adic_ring(p, syms) for p, syms in sym.iteritems()
]
s = get_symbol_string(symbol)
print s
N = FiniteQuadraticModule(s)
t = N.order() / M.order()
if not Integer(t).is_square():
return False
else:
t = sqrt(t)
for p in Integer(N.order()).prime_factors():
if not N.signature(p) == M.signature(p):
return False
# if not N.signature() == M.signature():
# return False
for G in N.subgroups():
if G.order() == t and G.is_isotropic():
Q = G.quotient()
if Q.is_isomorphic(M):
print Q
return N
else:
del Q
del N
return False
def sqrt_poly(g):
if g.degree() == 0:
return sqrt(g[0])
d = GCD(g, g.derivative(g.parent().gen()))
sg = g // d
return sg * sqrt_poly(g // sg**2)
def is_quotient(M, sym, rank):
symbol = GenusSymbol_global_ring(MatrixSpace(ZZ, rank, rank).one())
symbol._local_symbols = [
Genus_Symbol_p_adic_ring(p, syms) for p, syms in sym.iteritems()]
s = get_symbol_string(symbol)
print s
N = FiniteQuadraticModule(s)
t = N.order() / M.order()
if not Integer(t).is_square():
return False
else:
t = sqrt(t)
for p in Integer(N.order()).prime_factors():
if not N.signature(p) == M.signature(p):
return False
# if not N.signature() == M.signature():
# return False
for G in N.subgroups():
if G.order() == t and G.is_isotropic():
Q = G.quotient()
if Q.is_isomorphic(M):
print Q
return N
else:
del Q
del N
return False
def class_nr_pos_def_qf(D):
r"""
Compute the class number of positive definite quadratic forms.
For fundamental discriminants this is the class number of Q(sqrt(D)),
otherwise it is computed using: Cohen 'A course in Computational Algebraic Number Theory', p. 233
"""
if D>0:
return 0
D4 = D % 4
if D4 == 3 or D4==2:
return 0
K = QuadraticField(D)
if is_fundamental_discriminant(D):
return K.class_number()
else:
D0 = K.discriminant()
Df = ZZ(D).divide_knowing_divisible_by(D0)
if not is_square(Df):
raise ArithmeticError("Did not get a discrimimant * square! D={0} disc(D)={1}".format(D,D0))
D2 = sqrt(Df)
h0 = QuadraticField(D0).class_number()
w0 = _get_w(D0)
w = _get_w(D)
#print "w,w0=",w,w0
#print "h0=",h0
h = 1
for p in prime_divisors(D2):
h = QQ(h)*(1-kronecker(D0,p)/QQ(p))
#print "h=",h
#print "fak=",
h=QQ(h*h0*D2*w)/QQ(w0)
return h
def greedy_cusp_areas_from_cusp_area_matrix(cusp_area_matrix):
"""
sage: from sage.all import matrix, RIF
sage: greedy_cusp_areas_from_cusp_area_matrix(
... matrix([[RIF(9.0,9.0005),RIF(6.0, 6.001)],
... [RIF(6.0,6.001 ),RIF(10.0, 10.001)]]))
[3.0001?, 2.000?]
>>> from snappy.SnapPy import matrix
>>> greedy_cusp_areas_from_cusp_area_matrix(
... matrix([[10.0, 40.0],
... [40.0, 20.0]]))
[3.1622776601683795, 4.47213595499958]
"""
num_cusps = cusp_area_matrix.dimensions()[0]
result = []
for i in range(num_cusps):
stoppers = [cusp_area_matrix[i, j] / result[j] for j in range(i)]
self_stopper = sqrt(cusp_area_matrix[i, i])
result.append(interval_aware_min(stoppers + [self_stopper]))
return result
def test_elliptic_curve(a, b, alpha=7, angles=12):
from sage.all import cos, sin, pi
E = EllipticCurve(QQ, [a, b])
rationalpoints = E.point_search(10)
EQbar = EllipticCurve(QQbar, [a, b])
infx, infy, _ = rationalpoints[0]
inf = EQbar(infx, infy)
print inf
R = PolynomialRing(QQ, "w")
w = R.gen()
f = w**3 + a * w + b
iaj = InvertAJlocal(f, 256, method='gauss-legendre')
iaj.set_basepoints([(mpmath.mpf(infx), mpmath.mpf(infy))])
for eps in [
cos(theta * 2 * pi / angles) + I * sin(theta * 2 * pi / angles)
for theta in range(0, angles)
]:
px = infx + eps
py = iaj.sign * sqrt(-E.defining_polynomial().subs(x=px, y=0, z=1))
P = EQbar(px, py)
try:
(v, errorv) = iaj.to_J(px, infx)
qx = (alpha * P - (alpha - 1) * inf).xy()[0]
qxeps = CC(qx) + (mpmath.rand() + I * mpmath.rand()) / 1000
(t1, errort1) = iaj.solve(alpha * v, 100, iaj.error, [qxeps])
qxguess = t1[0, 0]
print mpmath.fabs(qxguess - qx) < 2**(-mpmath.mp.prec / 2)
except RuntimeWarning as detail:
print detail
def greedy_cusp_areas_from_cusp_area_matrix(cusp_area_matrix, first_cusps=[]):
"""
sage: from sage.all import matrix, RIF
sage: greedy_cusp_areas_from_cusp_area_matrix(
... matrix([[RIF(9.0,9.0005),RIF(6.0, 6.001)],
... [RIF(6.0,6.001 ),RIF(10.0, 10.001)]]))
[3.0001?, 2.000?]
>>> from snappy.SnapPy import matrix
>>> greedy_cusp_areas_from_cusp_area_matrix(
... matrix([[10.0, 40.0],
... [40.0, 20.0]]))
[3.1622776601683795, 4.47213595499958]
"""
num_cusps = cusp_area_matrix.dimensions()[0]
result = list(
range(num_cusps)) # Make space for range; initial values irrelevant
# Cusp permutation given in Cayley notation
sigma = first_cusps + [i for i in range(num_cusps) if i not in first_cusps]
for i in range(num_cusps):
stoppers = [
cusp_area_matrix[sigma[i], sigma[j]] / result[sigma[j]]
for j in range(i)
]
self_stopper = sqrt(cusp_area_matrix[sigma[i], sigma[i]])
result[sigma[i]] = interval_aware_min(stoppers + [self_stopper])
return result
def jacobian(self):
s = len(self.mcomplex.Edges)
result = matrix(self.vertex_gram_matrices[0].base_ring(), s, s)
for tet in self.mcomplex.Tetrahedra:
cofactor_matrices = _cofactor_matrices_for_submatrices(
self.vertex_gram_matrices[tet.Index])
vga = self.vertex_gram_adjoints[tet.Index]
for angle_edge, (i, j) in _OneSubsimplicesWithVertexIndices:
cii = vga[i, i]
cij = vga[i, j]
cjj = vga[j, j]
dcij = -1 / sqrt(cii * cjj - cij**2)
tmp = -dcij * cij / 2
dcii = tmp / cii
dcjj = tmp / cjj
a = tet.Class[t3m.comp(angle_edge)].Index
for length_edge, (m, n) in _OneSubsimplicesWithVertexIndices:
l = tet.Class[length_edge].Index
result[a, l] += (
dcij *
_cofactor_derivative(cofactor_matrices, i, j, m, n) +
dcii *
_cofactor_derivative(cofactor_matrices, i, i, m, n) +
dcjj *
_cofactor_derivative(cofactor_matrices, j, j, m, n))
return result
def visual_length(v, l, xunit=None, yunit=None, pspict=None):
"""
Return a vector in the direction of v that has *visual* length
l taking xunit and yunit into account.
"""
from Numerical import numerical_is_negative
if pspict:
xunit = pspict.xunit
yunit = pspict.yunit
Dx = v.Dx
Dy = v.Dy
if not v.is_vertical:
slope = v.slope
x = l / sqrt(xunit**2 + slope**2 * yunit**2)
if numerical_is_negative(Dx):
x = -x
y = slope * x
else:
x = 0
y = l / yunit
if numerical_is_negative(Dy):
y = -l / yunit
if hasattr(v, "I"):
from phystricks import AffineVector
return AffineVector(v.I, v.I + (x, y))
def insert_EC_L_functions(start=1, end=100):
curves = C.ellcurves.curves
for N in range(start, end):
print "Processing conductor", N
sys.stdout.flush()
query = curves.find({'conductor': N, 'number': 1})
for curve in query:
E = EllipticCurve([int(x) for x in curve['ainvs']])
L = lc.Lfunction_from_elliptic_curve(E)
first_zeros = L.find_zeros_via_N(curve['rank'] + 1)
if len(first_zeros) > 1:
if not first_zeros[-2] == 0:
print "problem"
z = float(first_zeros[-1])
Lfunction_data = {}
Lfunction_data['first_zero'] = z
Lfunction_data['description'] = 'Elliptic curve L-function for curve ' + str(curve['label'][:-1])
Lfunction_data['degree'] = 2
Lfunction_data['signature'] = [0, 1]
Lfunction_data['eta'] = [(1.0, 0), ]
Lfunction_data['level'] = N
Lfunction_data['special'] = {'type': 'elliptic', 'label': curve['label'][:-1]}
coeffs = []
for k in range(1, 11):
coeffs.append(CC(E.an(k) / sqrt(k)))
Lfunction_data['coeffs'] = [(float(x.real()), float(x.imag())) for x in coeffs]
Lfunctions.insert(Lfunction_data)
def do_Nk2(Nk2, only_traces=False):
todo = []
for N in ZZ(Nk2).divisors():
k = sqrt(Nk2 / N)
if k in ZZ and k > 1:
if Nk2 > 4000 and (N > 100 or k > 12):
print "skipping N = %d k = %d" % (N, k)
else:
todo.append((N, k))
lfun_filename = os.path.join(base_export, 'CMF_Lfunctions_%d.txt' % (Nk2))
instances_filename = os.path.join(base_export,
'CMF_instances_%d.txt' % (Nk2))
hecke_filename = os.path.join(base_export, 'CMF_hecke_cc_%d.txt' % (Nk2))
traces_filename = os.path.join(base_export, 'CMF_traces_%d.txt' % (Nk2))
for F in [
lfun_filename, instances_filename, hecke_filename, traces_filename
]:
if os.path.exists(F):
os.remove(F)
start_time = time.time()
for i, (N, k) in enumerate(todo):
do_time = time.time()
do(N, k, lfun_filename, instances_filename, hecke_filename,
traces_filename, only_traces)
print "done, N = %s, k = %s" % (N, k)
now = time.time()
print "Progress: %.2f %%" % (100. * i / len(todo))
print "Timing: %.2f\nTotal: %.2f\n\n" % (now - do_time,
now - start_time)
sys.stdout.flush()
def testAngleMeasure():
echo_function("testAngleMeasure")
comparison()
alpha = AngleMeasure(value_degree=360)
assert_equal(alpha.__repr__(),
"AngleMeasure, degree=360.000000000000,radian=2*pi")
alpha = AngleMeasure(value_degree=30)
assert_equal(cos(alpha.radian), 1 / 2 * sqrt(3))
alpha = AngleMeasure(value_degree=180)
beta = AngleMeasure(alpha)
assert_equal(beta.degree, 180)
alpha = AngleMeasure(value_degree=-(3.47548077273962e-14) / pi + 360)
assert_equal(alpha.degree, 360)
assert_equal(alpha.radian, 2 * pi)
alpha = AngleMeasure(value_degree=-30)
assert_equal(alpha.positive().degree, 330)
alpha = AngleMeasure(value_degree=45)
beta = AngleMeasure(value_radian=pi / 3)
assert_equal(alpha.degree, 45)
assert_equal(alpha.radian, 1 / 4 * pi)
assert_equal(beta.degree, 60)
assert_equal(beta.radian, 1 / 3 * pi)
a_sum_b = alpha + beta
assert_equal(a_sum_b.degree, 105)
assert_equal(a_sum_b.radian, 7 / 12 * pi)
def _pell_solve_1(D,m): # m^2 < D
root_d = Integer(floor(sqrt(D)))
a = Integer(floor(root_d))
P = Integer(0)
Q = Integer(1)
p = [Integer(1),Integer(a)]
q = [Integer(0),Integer(1)]
i = Integer(1)
x0 = Integer(0)
y0 = Integer(0)
prim_sols = []
test = Integer(0)
while not (Q == 1 and i%2 == 1) or i == 1:
test = p[i]**2 - D* (q[i]**2)
if test == 1:
x0 = p[i]
y0 = q[i]
test = (m/test)
if is_square(test) and test >= 1:
test = Integer(test)
prim_sols.append((test*p[i],test*q[i]))
i+=1
P = a*Q - P
Q = (D-P**2)/Q
a = Integer(floor((P+root_d)/Q))
p.append(a*p[i-1]+p[i-2])
q.append(a*q[i-1]+q[i-2])
return (x0,y0), prim_sols
def class_nr_pos_def_qf(D):
r"""
Compute the class number of positive definite quadratic forms.
For fundamental discriminants this is the class number of Q(sqrt(D)),
otherwise it is computed using: Cohen 'A course in Computational Algebraic Number Theory', p. 233
"""
if D>0:
return 0
D4 = D % 4
if D4 == 3 or D4==2:
return 0
K = QuadraticField(D)
if is_fundamental_discriminant(D):
return K.class_number()
else:
D0 = K.discriminant()
Df = ZZ(D).divide_knowing_divisible_by(D0)
if not is_square(Df):
raise ArithmeticError,"DId not get a discrinimant * square! D={0} disc(D)={1}".format(D,D0)
D2 = sqrt(Df)
h0 = QuadraticField(D0).class_number()
w0 = _get_w(D0)
w = _get_w(D)
#print "w,w0=",w,w0
#print "h0=",h0
h = 1
for p in prime_divisors(D2):
h = QQ(h)*(1-kronecker(D0,p)/QQ(p))
#print "h=",h
#print "fak=",
h=QQ(h*h0*D2*w)/QQ(w0)
return h
def init_vertices_kernel(self):
"""
Computes vertices for the initial tetrahedron matching the choices
made by the SnapPea kernel.
"""
tet = self.mcomplex.ChooseGenInitialTet
for perm in Perm4.A4():
z = tet.ShapeParameters[perm.image(simplex.E01)]
NumericField = z.parent()
one = NumericField(1)
minus_one = NumericField(-1)
sqrt_z = sqrt(z)
sqrt_z_inv = one / sqrt_z
for sign in [one, minus_one]:
candidates = {
perm.image(simplex.V0): NumericField(0),
perm.image(simplex.V1): Infinity,
perm.image(simplex.V2): sign * sqrt_z,
perm.image(simplex.V3): sign * sqrt_z_inv
}
if _are_vertices_close_to_kernel(candidates,
tet.SnapPeaIdealVertices):
return candidates
raise Exception(
"Could not match vertices to vertices from SnapPea kernel")
def quadratic_L_function__exact(n, d):
r"""
Returns the exact value of a quadratic twist of the Riemann Zeta function
by `\chi_d(x) = \left(\frac{d}{x}\right)`.
References:
- Iwasawa's "Lectures on p-adic L-functions", p16-17, "Special values of
`L(1-n, \chi)` and `L(n, \chi)`
- Ireland and Rosen's "A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory"
- Washington's "Cyclotomic Fields"
EXAMPLES::
sage: bool(quadratic_L_function__exact(1, -4) == pi/4)
True
"""
from sage.all import SR, sqrt
if n <= 0:
k = 1 - n
return -QuadraticBernoulliNumber(k, d) / k
elif n >= 1:
## Compute the kind of critical values (p10)
if kronecker_symbol(fundamental_discriminant(d), -1) == 1:
delta = 0
else:
delta = 1
## Compute the positive special values (p17)
if ((n - delta) % 2 == 0):
f = abs(fundamental_discriminant(d))
if delta == 0:
GS = sqrt(f)
else:
GS = I * sqrt(f)
ans = SR(ZZ(-1)**(1 + (n - delta) / 2))
ans *= (2 * pi / f)**n
ans *= GS ## Evaluate the Gauss sum here! =0
ans *= 1 / (2 * I**delta)
ans *= QuadraticBernoulliNumber(n, d) / factorial(n)
return ans
else:
if delta == 0:
raise TypeError, "n must be a critical value!\n" + "(I.e. even > 0 or odd < 0.)"
if delta == 1:
raise TypeError, "n must be a critical value!\n" + "(I.e. odd > 0 or even <= 0.)"
def quadratic_L_function__exact(n, d):
r"""
Returns the exact value of a quadratic twist of the Riemann Zeta function
by `\chi_d(x) = \left(\frac{d}{x}\right)`.
References:
- Iwasawa's "Lectures on p-adic L-functions", p16-17, "Special values of
`L(1-n, \chi)` and `L(n, \chi)`
- Ireland and Rosen's "A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory"
- Washington's "Cyclotomic Fields"
EXAMPLES::
sage: bool(quadratic_L_function__exact(1, -4) == pi/4)
True
"""
from sage.all import SR, sqrt
if n<=0:
k = 1-n
return -QuadraticBernoulliNumber(k,d)/k
elif n>=1:
## Compute the kind of critical values (p10)
if kronecker_symbol(fundamental_discriminant(d), -1) == 1:
delta = 0
else:
delta = 1
## Compute the positive special values (p17)
if ((n - delta) % 2 == 0):
f = abs(fundamental_discriminant(d))
if delta == 0:
GS = sqrt(f)
else:
GS = I * sqrt(f)
ans = SR(ZZ(-1)**(1+(n-delta)/2))
ans *= (2*pi/f)**n
ans *= GS ## Evaluate the Gauss sum here! =0
ans *= 1/(2 * I**delta)
ans *= QuadraticBernoulliNumber(n,d)/factorial(n)
return ans
else:
if delta == 0:
raise TypeError, "n must be a critical value!\n" + "(I.e. even > 0 or odd < 0.)"
if delta == 1:
raise TypeError, "n must be a critical value!\n" + "(I.e. odd > 0 or even <= 0.)"
def get_trace_in_PSL(m):
"""
Given an (extended) matrix acting in an orientation preserving way,
computes the trace after normalizing the matrix to be in SL(2,C).
"""
m = ExtendedMatrix.extract_matrix_for_orientation_preserving(m)
return (m[0, 0] + m[1, 1]) / sqrt(m.det())
def _geodesic_between_two_points(x1, y1, x2, y2):
r""" Geodesic path between two points hyperbolic upper half-plane
INPUTS:
- ''(x1,y1)'' -- starting point (0<y1<=infinity)
- ''(x2,y2)'' -- ending point (0<y2<=infinity)
- ''z0'' -- (default I) the point in the upper corresponding
to the point 0 in the disc. I.e. the transform is
w -> (z-I)/(z+I)
OUTPUT:
- ''ca'' -- a polygonal approximation of a circular arc centered
at c and radius r, starting at t0 and ending at t1
EXAMPLES::
sage: l=_geodesic_between_two_points(0.1,0.2,0.0,0.5)
"""
pi = RR.pi()
from sage.plot.plot import line
from sage.functions.trig import arcsin
# logging.debug("z1=%s,%s" % (x1,y1))
# logging.debug("z2=%s,%s" % (x2,y2))
if abs(x1 - x2) < 1e-10:
# The line segment [x=x1, y0<= y <= y1]
return line([[x1, y1], [x2, y2]]) # [0,0,x0,infinity]
c = RR(y1 ** 2 - y2 ** 2 + x1 ** 2 - x2 ** 2) / RR(2 * (x1 - x2))
r = RR(sqrt(y1 ** 2 + (x1 - c) ** 2))
r1 = RR(y1 / r)
r2 = RR(y2 / r)
if abs(r1 - 1) < 1e-12:
r1 = RR(1.0)
elif abs(r2 + 1) < 1e-12:
r2 = -RR(1.0)
if abs(r2 - 1) < 1e-12:
r2 = RR(1.0)
elif abs(r2 + 1) < 1e-12:
r2 = -RR(1.0)
if x1 >= c:
t1 = RR(arcsin(r1))
else:
t1 = RR(pi) - RR(arcsin(r1))
if x2 >= c:
t2 = RR(arcsin(r2))
else:
t2 = RR(pi) - arcsin(r2)
# tmid = (t1 + t2) * RR(0.5)
# a0 = min(t1, t2)
# a1 = max(t1, t2)
# logging.debug("c,r=%s,%s" % (c,r))
# logging.debug("t1,t2=%s,%s"%(t1,t2))
return _circ_arc(t1, t2, c, r)
def gamma__exact(n):
"""
Evaluates the exact value of the gamma function at an integer or
half-integer argument.
EXAMPLES::
sage: gamma__exact(4)
6
sage: gamma__exact(3)
2
sage: gamma__exact(2)
1
sage: gamma__exact(1)
1
sage: gamma__exact(1/2)
sqrt(pi)
sage: gamma__exact(3/2)
1/2*sqrt(pi)
sage: gamma__exact(5/2)
3/4*sqrt(pi)
sage: gamma__exact(7/2)
15/8*sqrt(pi)
sage: gamma__exact(-1/2)
-2*sqrt(pi)
sage: gamma__exact(-3/2)
4/3*sqrt(pi)
sage: gamma__exact(-5/2)
-8/15*sqrt(pi)
sage: gamma__exact(-7/2)
16/105*sqrt(pi)
"""
from sage.all import sqrt
## SANITY CHECK
if (not n in QQ) or (denominator(n) > 2):
raise TypeError, "Oops! You much give an integer or half-integer argument."
if (denominator(n) == 1):
if n <= 0:
return infinity
if n > 0:
return factorial(n-1)
else:
ans = QQ(1)
while (n != QQ(1)/2):
if (n<0):
ans *= QQ(1)/n
n = n + 1
elif (n>0):
n = n - 1
ans *= n
ans *= sqrt(pi)
return ans
def _pell_solve_2(D,m): # m^2 >= D
prim_sols = []
t,u = _pell_solve_1(D,1)[0]
if m > 0:
L = Integer(0)
U = Integer(floor(sqrt(m*(t-1)/(2*D))))
else:
L = Integer(ceil(sqrt(-m/D)))
U = Integer(floor(sqrt(-m*(t+1)/(2*D))))
for y in range(L,U+1):
y = Integer(y)
x = (m + D*(y**2))
if is_square(x):
x = Integer(sqrt(x))
prim_sols.append((x,y))
if not ((-x*x - y*y*D) % m == 0 and (2*y*x) % m == 0): # (x,y) and (-x,y) are in different solution classes, so add both
prim_sols.append((-x,y))
return (t,u),prim_sols
def renormalise_coefficients(self):
"""
This turns a list of algebraically normalised coefficients
as above into a list of automorphically normalised,
i.e. s <-> 1-s
"""
# this also turns them into floats and complex.
for n in range(len(self.dirichlet_coefficients)):
self.dirichlet_coefficients[n] /= sqrt(float(n+1)**self.motivic_weight)
def vect_to_sym(v):
n = ZZ(round((-1+sqrt(1+8*len(v)))/2))
M = matrix(n)
k = 0
for i in range(n):
for j in range(i, n):
M[i,j] = v[k]
M[j,i] = v[k]
k=k+1
return [[int(M[i,j]) for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]
def download_hecke_algebras_full_lists_gen(**args):
label = str(args['orbit_label'])
res = db.hecke_orbits.lucky({'orbit_label': label})
mydate = time.strftime("%d %B %Y")
if res is None:
return "No generators available"
lang = args['lang']
c = download_comment_prefix[lang]
mat_start = "Mat(" if lang == 'gp' else "Matrix("
mat_end = "~)" if lang == 'gp' else ")"
entry = lambda r: "".join([mat_start,str(r),mat_end])
outstr = c + 'Hecke algebra for Gamma0(%s) and weight %s, orbit label %s. List of generators for the algebra. Downloaded from the LMFDB on %s. \n\n'%(res['level'], res['weight'], res['orbit_label'], mydate)
outstr += download_assignment_start[lang] + '[\\\n'
outstr += ",\\\n".join([entry([list(k) for k in matrix(sqrt(len(r)), sqrt(len(r)), r).rows()]) for r in [[int(i) for i in j] for j in res['Zbasis']] ])
outstr += ']'
outstr += download_assignment_end[lang]
outstr += '\n'
return outstr
def init_dir_char(self, chi):
"""
Initiate with a Web Dirichlet character.
"""
self.original_object = [chi]
chi = chi.chi.primitive_character()
self.object_type = "dirichletcharacter"
self.dim = 1
self.motivic_weight = 0
self.conductor = ZZ(chi.conductor())
self.bad_semistable_primes = []
self.bad_pot_good = self.conductor.prime_factors()
if chi.is_odd():
aa = 1
bb = I
else:
aa = 0
bb = 1
self.sign = chi.gauss_sum_numerical() / (bb * float(sqrt(chi.modulus())) )
# this has now type python complex. later we need a gp complex
self.sign = ComplexField()(self.sign)
self.mu_fe = [aa]
self.nu_fe = []
self.gammaV = [aa]
self.langlands = True
self.selfdual = (chi.multiplicative_order() <= 2)
# rather than all( abs(chi(m).imag) < 0.0001 for m in range(chi.modulus() ) )
self.primitive = True
self.set_dokchitser_Lfunction()
self.set_number_of_coefficients()
self.dirichlet_coefficients = [ chi(m) for m in range(self.numcoeff + 1) ]
if self.selfdual:
self.coefficient_type = 2
else:
self.coefficient_type = 3
self.coefficient_period = chi.modulus()
self.besancon_bound = 10000
def eu(p):
"""
local euler factor
"""
if self.selfdual:
K = QQ
else:
K = ComplexField()
R = PolynomialRing(K, "T")
T = R.gens()[0]
if self.conductor % p != 0:
return 1 - ComplexField()(chi(p)) * T
else:
return R(1)
self.local_euler_factor = eu
self.ld.gp().quit()
def draw_transformed_triangle_H(A,xmax=20):
r"""
Draw the modular triangle translated by A=[a,b,c,d]
"""
#print "A=",A,type(A)
pi=RR.pi()
pi_3 = pi / RR(3.0)
from sage.plot.plot import (Graphics,line)
from sage.functions.trig import (cos,sin)
x1=RR(-0.5) ; y1=RR(sqrt(3 )/2 )
x2=RR(0.5) ; y2=RR(sqrt(3 )/2 )
a,b,c,d = A #[0,0]; b=A[0,1]; c=A[1,0]; d=A[1,1]
if a<0:
a=RR(-a); b=RR(-b); c=RR(-c); d=RR(-d)
else:
a=RR(a); b=RR(b); c=RR(c); d=RR(d)
if c==0: # then this is easier
if a*d<>0:
a=a/d; b=b/d;
L0 = [[a*cos(pi_3*RR(i/100.0))+b,a*sin(pi_3*RR(i/100.0))] for i in range(100 ,201 )]
L1 = [[a*x1+b,a*y1],[a*x1+b,xmax]]
L2 = [[a*x2+b,a*y2],[a*x2+b,xmax]]
L3 = [[a*x2+b,xmax],[a*x1+b,xmax]]
c0=line(L0); l1=line(L1); l2=line(L2); l3=line(L3)
tri=c0+l1+l3+l2
else:
den=(c*x1+d)**2 +c**2 *y1**2
x1_t=(a*c*(x1**2 +y1**2 )+(a*d+b*c)*x1+b*d)/den
y1_t=y1/den
den=(c*x2+d)**2 +c**2 *y2**2
x2_t=(a*c*(x2**2 +y2**2 )+(a*d+b*c)*x2+b*d)/den
y2_t=y2/den
inf_t=a/c
#print "A=",A
#print "arg1=",x1_t,y1_t,x2_t,y2_t
c0=_geodesic_between_two_points(x1_t,y1_t,x2_t,y2_t)
#print "arg1=",x1_t,y1_t,inf_t
c1=_geodesic_between_two_points(x1_t,y1_t,inf_t,0. )
#print "arg1=",x2_t,y2_t,inf_t
c2=_geodesic_between_two_points(x2_t,y2_t,inf_t,0.0)
tri=c0+c1+c2
return tri
def interpolate_deg2(dct, bd, autom=True, parity=None):
'''parity is 0 if the parity of the weight and the character coincide
else 1.
'''
t_ring = PolynomialRing(QQ, names="t")
t = t_ring.gens()[0]
u_ring = PolynomialRing(QQ, names="u")
u = u_ring.gens()[0]
# lift the values of dct
dct = {k: v.lift() for k, v in dct.items()}
def interpolate_pol(x, d):
prd = mul([x - a for a in d])
prd_dff = prd.derivative(x)
return sum([v * prd_dff.subs({x: k}) ** (-1) * prd // (x - k)
for k, v in d.items()])
def t_pol_dct(n, m):
if not autom:
dct_t = {a: v[(n, m)] * a ** (2 * bd) for a, v in dct.items()}
return t_ring(interpolate_pol(t, dct_t))
# put u = t + t^(-1)
elif parity == 0:
dct_u = {a + a ** (-1): v[(n, m)] for a, v in dct.items()}
u_pol = interpolate_pol(u, dct_u)
return t_ring(t ** (2 * bd) * u_pol.subs({u: t + t ** (-1)}))
else:
dct_u = {a + a ** (-1): v[(n, m)] / (a - a ** (-1))
for a, v in dct.items()}
u_pol = interpolate_pol(u, dct_u)
return t_ring(t ** (2 * bd) * u_pol.subs({u: t + t ** (-1)}) *
(t - t ** (-1)))
fc_dct = {}
for n in range(bd + 1):
for m in range(bd + 1):
pl = t_pol_dct(n, m)
for r in range(-int(floor(2 * sqrt(n * m))), int(floor(2 * sqrt(n * m))) + 1):
fc_dct[(n, r, m)] = pl[r + 2 * bd]
return fc_dct
def eqn_list_to_curve_plot(L,rat_pts):
xpoly_rng = PolynomialRing(QQ,'x')
poly_tup = [xpoly_rng(tup) for tup in L]
f = poly_tup[0]
h = poly_tup[1]
g = f+h**2/4
if len(g.real_roots())==0 and g(0)<0:
return text("$X(\mathbb{R})=\emptyset$",(1,1),fontsize=50)
X0 = [real(z[0]) for z in g.base_extend(CC).roots()]+[real(z[0]) for z in g.derivative().base_extend(CC).roots()]
a,b = inflate_interval(min(X0),max(X0),1.5)
groots = [a]+g.real_roots()+[b]
if b-a<1e-7:
a=-3
b=3
groots=[a,b]
ngints = len(groots)-1
plotzones = []
npts = 100
for j in range(ngints):
c = groots[j]
d = groots[j+1]
if g((c+d)/2)<0:
continue
(c,d) = inflate_interval(c,d,1.1)
s = (d-c)/npts
u = c
yvals = []
for i in range(npts+1):
v = g(u)
if v>0:
v = sqrt(v)
w = -h(u)/2
yvals.append(w+v)
yvals.append(w-v)
u += s
(m,M) = inflate_interval(min(yvals),max(yvals),1.2)
plotzones.append((c,d,m,M))
x = var('x')
y = var('y')
plot=sum(implicit_plot(y**2 + y*h(x) - f(x), (x,R[0],R[1]),(y,R[2],R[3]), aspect_ratio='automatic', plot_points=500, zorder=1) for R in plotzones)
xmin=min([R[0] for R in plotzones])
xmax=max([R[1] for R in plotzones])
ymin=min([R[2] for R in plotzones])
ymax=max([R[3] for R in plotzones])
for P in rat_pts:
(x,y,z)=eval(P.replace(':',','))
z=ZZ(z)
if z: # Do not attempt to plot points at infinity
x=ZZ(x)/z
y=ZZ(y)/z**3
if x >= xmin and x <= xmax and y >= ymin and y <= ymax:
plot += point((x,y),color='red',size=40,zorder=2)
return plot
def download_hecke_algebras_full_lists_mod_op(**args):
label = str(args['orbit_label'])
ell=int(args['prime'])
index=int(args['index'])
res = db.hecke_ladic.lucky({'orbit_label': label, 'index': index, 'ell': ell})
mydate = time.strftime("%d %B %Y")
if res is None:
return "No mod %s operators available"%ell
lang = args['lang']
c = download_comment_prefix[lang]
field='GF(%s), %s, %s, '%(res['ell'], sqrt(len(res['operators'][0])), sqrt(len(res['operators'][0])))
mat_start = "Mat("+field if lang == 'gp' else "Matrix("+field
mat_end = "~)" if lang == 'gp' else ")"
entry = lambda r: "".join([mat_start,str(r),mat_end])
outstr = c + ' List of Hecke operators T_1, ..., T_%s mod %s for orbit %s index %s downloaded from the LMFDB on %s. \n\n'%(len(res['operators']), ell, label, index, mydate)
outstr += download_assignment_start[lang] +'[\\\n'
outstr += ",\\\n".join([entry(r) for r in res['operators']])
outstr += ']'
outstr += download_assignment_end[lang]
outstr += '\n'
return outstr
def test_many(self):
from sage.all import ZZ, sqrt
for Nk2 in range(1,2001):
for N in ZZ(Nk2).divisors():
k = sqrt(Nk2/N)
if k in ZZ and k > 1:
print("testing (N, k) = (%s, %s)" % (N, k))
url = "/ModularForm/GL2/Q/holomorphic/{0}/{1}/".format(N, k)
rv = self.tc.get(url,follow_redirects=True)
self.assertTrue(rv.status_code==200,"Request failed for {0}".format(url))
assert str(N) in rv.data
assert str(k) in rv.data
assert str(N)+'.'+str(k) in rv.data
def prime_range(n):
X = [x for x in range(3, n + 1) if is_odd(x)]
P = [2]
p = X[0]
while p <= sqrt(n):
P.append(p)
X = [x for x in X if x % p != 0]
p = X[0]
P.extend(X)
return P
def make_curve(num_bits, num_curves=1):
"""
Description:
Finds num_curves Barreto-Naehrig curves with a prime order that is at least 2^num_bits.
Input:
num_bits - number of bits for the prime order of the curve
num_curves - number of curves to find
Output:
curves - list of the first num_curves BN curves each of prime order at least 2^num_bits;
each curve is represented as a tuple (q,t,r,k,D)
"""
def P(y):
x = Integer(y)
return 36*pow(x,4) + 36*pow(x,3) + 24*pow(x,2) + 6*x + 1
x = Integer(floor(pow(2, (num_bits)/4.0)/(sqrt(6))))
q = 0
r = 0
t = 0
curve_num = 0
curves = []
while curve_num < num_curves or (log(q).n()/log(2).n() < 2*num_bits and not (utils.is_suitable_q(q) and utils.is_suitable_r(r) and utils.is_suitable_curve(q,t,r,12,-3,num_bits))):
t = Integer(6*pow(x,2) + 1)
q = P(-x)
r = q + 1 - t
b = utils.is_suitable_q(q) and utils.is_suitable_r(r) and utils.is_suitable_curve(q,t,r,12,-3,num_bits)
if b:
try:
assert floor(log(r)/log(2)) + 1 >= num_bits, 'Subgroup not large enough'
curves.append((q,t,r,12,-3))
curve_num += 1
except AssertionError as e:
pass
if curve_num < num_curves or not b:
q = P(x)
r = q+1-t
if (utils.is_suitable_q(q) and utils.is_suitable_r(r) and utils.is_suitable_curve(q,t,r,12,-3,num_bits)):
try:
assert floor(log(r)/log(2)) + 1 >= num_bits, 'Subgroup not large enough'
curves.append((q,t,r,12,-3))
curve_num += 1
except AssertionError as e:
pass
x += 1
return curves
def babystepgiantstep(g, h):
n = g.multiplicative_order()
m = ceil(sqrt(n))
babysteps = {}
for j in range(m):
babysteps[g ** j] = j
X = g ** -m
a = h
for i in range(m - 1):
if a in babysteps:
return i*m + babysteps[a]
else:
a = a * X
def draw_funddom(coset_reps,format="S"):
r""" Draw a fundamental domain for G.
INPUT:
- ``format`` -- (default 'Disp') How to present the f.d.
- ``S`` -- Display directly on the screen
EXAMPLES::
sage: G=MySubgroup(Gamma0(3))
sage: G._draw_funddom()
"""
pi=RR.pi()
pi_3 = pi / RR(3.0)
from sage.plot.plot import (Graphics,line)
from sage.functions.trig import (cos,sin)
g=Graphics()
x1=RR(-0.5) ; y1=RR(sqrt(3 )/2 )
x2=RR(0.5) ; y2=RR(sqrt(3 )/2 )
xmax=RR(20.0)
l1 = line([[x1,y1],[x1,xmax]])
l2 = line([[x2,y2],[x2,xmax]])
l3 = line([[x2,xmax],[x1,xmax]]) # This is added to make a closed contour
c0=_circ_arc(RR(pi/3.0) ,RR(2.0*pi)/RR(3.0) ,0 ,1 ,100 )
tri=c0+l1+l3+l2
g=g+tri
for A in coset_reps:
if list(A)==[1,0,0,1]:
continue
tri=draw_transformed_triangle_H(A,xmax=xmax)
g=g+tri
return g
def HasFinitePointAt(F,p,c):
# Tests whether y²=c*F(x) has a finite Qp-point with x and y both in Zp,
# assuming that deg F = 6 and F integral
Fp = GF(p)
if p > 2 and Fp(F.leading_coefficient()): # Tests to accelerate case of large p
# Write F(x) = c*lc(F)*R(x)²*S(x) mod p, R as big as possible
R = F.parent()(1)
S = F.parent()(1)
for X in (F.base_extend(Fp)/Fp(F.leading_coefficient())).squarefree_decomposition():
[G,v] = X # Term of the form G(x)^v in the factorisation of F(x) mod p
S *= G**(v%2)
R *= G**(v//2)
r = R.degree()
s = S.degree()
if s == 0: # F(x) = C*R(x)² mod p, C = c*lc(F) constant
if IsSquareInQp(c*F.leading_coefficient(),p):
if p>r:# Then there is x s.t. R(x) nonzero and C is a square
return true
#else: # C nonsquare, so if we have a Zp-point it must have R(x) = 0 mod p
#Z = R.roots()
##TODO
else:
g = S.degree()//2 - 1 # genus of the curve y²=C*S(x)
B = floor(p-1-2*g*sqrt(p)) # lower bound on number of points on y²=C*S(x) not at infty
if B > r+s: # Then there is a point on y²=C*S(x) not at infty and with R(x) and S(x) nonzero
return true
#Now p is small, we can run a naive search
q = p
Z = []
if p == 2:
q = 8
for x in range(q):
y = F(x)
# If we have found a root, save it (take care of the case p=2!)
if (p > 2 or x < 2) and Fp(y) == 0:
Z.append(x)
# If we have a mod p point with y nonzero mod p, then it lifts, so we're done
if IsSquareInQp(c*y, p):
return true
#So now, if we have a Qp-point, then its y-coordinate must be 0 mod p
t = F.variables()[0]
for z in Z:
F1 = F(z+p*t)
c1 = F1.content()
F1 //= c1
if HasFinitePointAt(F1,p,(c*c1).squarefree_part()):
return true
return false
