def integer_bivariate(p, k, X, Y, early_return=True):
"""
Computes small integer roots of a bivariate polynomial.
More information: Coron J., "Finding Small Roots of Bivariate Integer Polynomial Equations: a Direct Approach"
:param p: the polynomial
:param k: the amount of shifts to use
:param X: an approximate bound on the x roots
:param Y: an approximate bound on the y roots
:param early_return: try to return as early as possible (default: true)
:return: a generator generating small roots (tuples of x and y roots) of the polynomial
"""
x, y = p.parent().gens()
delta = max(p.degrees())
(i0, j0), W = max(map(lambda kv: (kv[0], abs(kv[1])),
p(x * X, y * Y).dict().items()),
key=lambda kv: kv[1])
logging.debug("Calculating n...")
S = Matrix(k**2)
for a in range(k):
for b in range(k):
s = x**a * y**b * p
for i in range(k):
for j in range(k):
S[a * k + b, i * k + j] = s.coefficient([i0 + i, j0 + j])
n = abs(S.det())
logging.debug(f"Found n = {n}")
# Monomials are collected in "left" and "right" lists, which determine where the columns are in relation to eachother
# This partition ensures the Hermite form will set desired monomial coefficients to zero
logging.debug("Generating monomials...")
left_monomials = []
right_monomials = []
for i in range(k + delta):
for j in range(k + delta):
if 0 <= i - i0 < k and 0 <= j - j0 < k:
left_monomials.append(x**i * y**j)
else:
right_monomials.append(x**i * y**j)
assert len(left_monomials) == k**2
monomials = left_monomials + right_monomials
L = Matrix(k**2 + (k + delta)**2, (k + delta)**2)
row = 0
logging.debug("Generating s shifts...")
for a in range(k):
for b in range(k):
s = x**a * y**b * p
s = s(x * X, y * Y)
for col, monomial in enumerate(monomials):
L[row, col] = s.monomial_coefficient(monomial)
row += 1
logging.debug("Generating additional shifts...")
for col, monomial in enumerate(monomials):
r = monomial * n
r = r(x * X, y * Y)
L[row, col] = r.monomial_coefficient(monomial)
row += 1
logging.debug(f"Lattice size: {L.nrows()} x {L.ncols()}")
logging.debug("Generating Echelon form...")
L = L.echelon_form(algorithm="pari0")
logging.debug(
f"Executing the LLL algorithm on the sublattice ({k ** 2} x {k ** 2})..."
)
L2 = L.submatrix(k**2, k**2, (k + delta)**2 - k**2).LLL()
new_polynomials = []
logging.debug("Reconstructing polynomials...")
for row in range(L2.nrows()):
new_polynomial = 0
# Only use right monomials now (corresponding the the sublattice)
for col, monomial in enumerate(right_monomials):
new_polynomial += L2[row, col] * monomial
if new_polynomial.is_constant():
continue
new_polynomial = new_polynomial(x / X, y / Y).change_ring(ZZ)
new_polynomials.append(new_polynomial)
logging.debug("Calculating resultants...")
for h in new_polynomials:
res = p.resultant(h, y)
if res.is_constant():
continue
for x0, _ in res.univariate_polynomial().roots():
h_ = p.subs(x=x0)
if h_.is_constant():
continue
for y0, _ in h_.univariate_polynomial().roots():
yield int(x0), int(y0)
if early_return:
# Assuming that the first "good" polynomial in the lattice doesn't provide roots, we return.
return