def isogenies_prime_degree(self, l=None, max_l=31):
"""
Generic code, valid for all fields, for arbitrary prime `l` not equal to the characteristic.
INPUT:
- ``l`` -- either None, a prime or a list of primes.
- ``max_l`` -- a bound on the primes to be tested (ignored unless `l` is None).
OUTPUT:
(list) All `l`-isogenies for the given `l` with domain self.
METHOD:
Calls the generic function
``isogenies_prime_degree()``. This requires that
certain operations have been implemented over the base field,
such as root-finding for univariate polynomials.
EXAMPLES::
sage: F = QQbar
sage: E = EllipticCurve(F, [1,18]); E
Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + x + 18 over Algebraic Field
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
NotImplementedError: This code could be implemented for QQbar, but has not been yet.
sage: F = CC
sage: E = EllipticCurve(F, [1,18]); E
Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 1.00000000000000*x + 18.0000000000000 over Complex Field with 53 bits of precision
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(11)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
NotImplementedError: This code could be implemented for general complex fields, but has not been yet.
Examples over finite fields::
sage: E = EllipticCurve(GF(next_prime(1000000)), [7,8])
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree()
[Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 970389*x + 794257 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 29783*x + 206196 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 999960*x + 78 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 13 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 878063*x + 845666 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 13 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 375648*x + 342776 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 17 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 347438*x + 594729 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 17 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 674846*x + 7392 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 23 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 390065*x + 605596 over Finite Field of size 1000003]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(2)
[Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 970389*x + 794257 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 29783*x + 206196 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 999960*x + 78 over Finite Field of size 1000003]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(3)
[]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(5)
[]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(7)
[]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(13)
[Isogeny of degree 13 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 878063*x + 845666 over Finite Field of size 1000003,
Isogeny of degree 13 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 375648*x + 342776 over Finite Field of size 1000003]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree([2, 3, 5, 7, 13])
[Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 970389*x + 794257 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 29783*x + 206196 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 999960*x + 78 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 13 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 878063*x + 845666 over Finite Field of size 1000003, Isogeny of degree 13 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 1000003 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 375648*x + 342776 over Finite Field of size 1000003]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree([2, 4])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: 4 is not prime.
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(4)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: 4 is not prime.
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(11)
[]
sage: E = EllipticCurve(GF(17),[2,0])
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(3)
[]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(2)
[Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x over Finite Field of size 17 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 9*x over Finite Field of size 17, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x over Finite Field of size 17 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 5*x + 9 over Finite Field of size 17, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x over Finite Field of size 17 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 5*x + 8 over Finite Field of size 17]
sage: E = EllipticCurve(GF(13^4, 'a'),[2,8])
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(2)
[Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x + 8 over Finite Field in a of size 13^4 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 7*x + 4 over Finite Field in a of size 13^4, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x + 8 over Finite Field in a of size 13^4 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + (8*a^3+2*a^2+7*a+5)*x + (12*a^3+3*a^2+4*a+4) over Finite Field in a of size 13^4, Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x + 8 over Finite Field in a of size 13^4 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + (5*a^3+11*a^2+6*a+11)*x + (a^3+10*a^2+9*a) over Finite Field in a of size 13^4]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(3)
[Isogeny of degree 3 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x + 8 over Finite Field in a of size 13^4 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 9*x + 11 over Finite Field in a of size 13^4]
Example to show that separable isogenies of degree equal to the characteristic are now implemented::
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(13)
[Isogeny of degree 13 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 2*x + 8 over Finite Field in a of size 13^4 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + 6*x + 5 over Finite Field in a of size 13^4]
Examples over number fields (other than QQ)::
sage: QQroot2.<e> = NumberField(x^2-2)
sage: E = EllipticCurve(QQroot2, j=8000)
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree()
[Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + (-150528000)*x + (-629407744000) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + (-36750)*x + 2401000 over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2,
Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + (-150528000)*x + (-629407744000) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + (220500*e-257250)*x + (54022500*e-88837000) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2,
Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + (-150528000)*x + (-629407744000) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 = x^3 + (-220500*e-257250)*x + (-54022500*e-88837000) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2]
sage: E = EllipticCurve(QQroot2, [1,0,1,4, -6]); E
Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + y = x^3 + 4*x + (-6) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(2)
[Isogeny of degree 2 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + y = x^3 + 4*x + (-6) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + y = x^3 + (-36)*x + (-70) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2]
sage: E.isogenies_prime_degree(3)
[Isogeny of degree 3 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + y = x^3 + 4*x + (-6) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + y = x^3 + (-1)*x over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2,
Isogeny of degree 3 from Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + y = x^3 + 4*x + (-6) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2 to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + x*y + y = x^3 + (-171)*x + (-874) over Number Field in e with defining polynomial x^2 - 2]
"""
F = self.base_ring()
if is_RealField(F):
raise NotImplementedError(
"This code could be implemented for general real fields, but has not been yet."
)
if is_ComplexField(F):
raise NotImplementedError(
"This code could be implemented for general complex fields, but has not been yet."
)
if F == rings.QQbar:
raise NotImplementedError(
"This code could be implemented for QQbar, but has not been yet."
)
from isogeny_small_degree import isogenies_prime_degree
if l is None:
from sage.rings.all import prime_range
l = prime_range(max_l + 1)
if not isinstance(l, list):
try:
l = rings.ZZ(l)
except TypeError:
raise ValueError("%s is not prime." % l)
if l.is_prime():
return isogenies_prime_degree(self, l)
else:
raise ValueError("%s is not prime." % l)
L = list(set(l))
try:
L = [rings.ZZ(l) for l in L]
except TypeError:
raise ValueError("%s is not a list of primes." % l)
L.sort()
return sum([isogenies_prime_degree(self, l) for l in L], [])
def is_quadratic_twist(self, other):
r"""
Determine whether this curve is a quadratic twist of another.
INPUT:
- ``other`` -- an elliptic curves with the same base field as self.
OUTPUT:
Either 0, if the curves are not quadratic twists, or `D` if
``other`` is ``self.quadratic_twist(D)`` (up to isomorphism).
If ``self`` and ``other`` are isomorphic, returns 1.
If the curves are defined over `\mathbb{Q}`, the output `D` is
a squarefree integer.
.. note::
Not fully implemented in characteristic 2, or in
characteristic 3 when both `j`-invariants are 0.
EXAMPLES::
sage: E = EllipticCurve('11a1')
sage: Et = E.quadratic_twist(-24)
sage: E.is_quadratic_twist(Et)
-6
sage: E1=EllipticCurve([0,0,1,0,0])
sage: E1.j_invariant()
0
sage: E2=EllipticCurve([0,0,0,0,2])
sage: E1.is_quadratic_twist(E2)
2
sage: E1.is_quadratic_twist(E1)
1
sage: type(E1.is_quadratic_twist(E1)) == type(E1.is_quadratic_twist(E2)) #trac 6574
True
::
sage: E1=EllipticCurve([0,0,0,1,0])
sage: E1.j_invariant()
1728
sage: E2=EllipticCurve([0,0,0,2,0])
sage: E1.is_quadratic_twist(E2)
0
sage: E2=EllipticCurve([0,0,0,25,0])
sage: E1.is_quadratic_twist(E2)
5
::
sage: F = GF(101)
sage: E1 = EllipticCurve(F,[4,7])
sage: E2 = E1.quadratic_twist()
sage: D = E1.is_quadratic_twist(E2); D!=0
True
sage: F = GF(101)
sage: E1 = EllipticCurve(F,[4,7])
sage: E2 = E1.quadratic_twist()
sage: D = E1.is_quadratic_twist(E2)
sage: E1.quadratic_twist(D).is_isomorphic(E2)
True
sage: E1.is_isomorphic(E2)
False
sage: F2 = GF(101^2,'a')
sage: E1.change_ring(F2).is_isomorphic(E2.change_ring(F2))
True
A characteristic 3 example::
sage: F = GF(3^5,'a')
sage: E1 = EllipticCurve_from_j(F(1))
sage: E2 = E1.quadratic_twist(-1)
sage: D = E1.is_quadratic_twist(E2); D!=0
True
sage: E1.quadratic_twist(D).is_isomorphic(E2)
True
::
sage: E1 = EllipticCurve_from_j(F(0))
sage: E2 = E1.quadratic_twist()
sage: D = E1.is_quadratic_twist(E2); D
1
sage: E1.is_isomorphic(E2)
True
"""
from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.ell_generic import is_EllipticCurve
E = self
F = other
if not is_EllipticCurve(E) or not is_EllipticCurve(F):
raise ValueError("arguments are not elliptic curves")
K = E.base_ring()
zero = K.zero()
if not K == F.base_ring():
return zero
j = E.j_invariant()
if j != F.j_invariant():
return zero
if E.is_isomorphic(F):
if K is rings.QQ:
return rings.ZZ(1)
return K.one()
char = K.characteristic()
if char == 2:
raise NotImplementedError("not implemented in characteristic 2")
elif char == 3:
if j == 0:
raise NotImplementedError(
"not implemented in characteristic 3 for curves of j-invariant 0"
)
D = E.b2() / F.b2()
else:
# now char!=2,3:
c4E, c6E = E.c_invariants()
c4F, c6F = F.c_invariants()
if j == 0:
um = c6E / c6F
x = rings.polygen(K)
ulist = (x**3 - um).roots(multiplicities=False)
if len(ulist) == 0:
D = zero
else:
D = ulist[0]
elif j == 1728:
um = c4E / c4F
x = rings.polygen(K)
ulist = (x**2 - um).roots(multiplicities=False)
if len(ulist) == 0:
D = zero
else:
D = ulist[0]
else:
D = (c6E * c4F) / (c6F * c4E)
# Normalization of output:
if D.is_zero():
return D
if K is rings.QQ:
D = D.squarefree_part()
assert E.quadratic_twist(D).is_isomorphic(F)
return D
