def test_get_J_sc_SCR_vs_WL():
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
from solcore.interpolate import interp1d
from solcore.analytic_solar_cells.depletion_approximation import get_J_sc_SCR_vs_WL
light_source = LightSource(source_type="standard", version="AM1.5g")
wl = np.linspace(300, 1800, 50) * 1e-9
wl_ls, phg = light_source.spectrum(output_units='photon_flux_per_m', x=wl)
xa_nm = np.random.uniform(1, 1000)
xa = xa_nm * 1e-9
xb = np.random.uniform(xa_nm + 1, 1100) * 1e-9
## make a simple Beer-Lambert profile
dist = np.linspace(0, xb, 1000)
alphas = np.linspace(1e5, 10, len(wl))
expn = np.exp(-alphas[:, None] * dist[None, :])
output = alphas[:, None] * expn
output = output.T
gen_prof = interp1d(dist, output, axis=0)
zz = np.linspace(xa, xb, 1002)[:-1]
gg = gen_prof(zz) * phg
expected = np.trapz(gg, zz, axis=0)
result = get_J_sc_SCR_vs_WL(xa, xb, gen_prof, wl, phg)
assert expected == approx(result)
def test_get_J_sc_diffusion_vs_WL_bottom():
from solcore.analytic_solar_cells.depletion_approximation import get_J_sc_diffusion_vs_WL
from scipy.integrate import solve_bvp
from solcore.interpolate import interp1d
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
D = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-5, 0)) # Diffusion coefficient
L = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-9, -6)) # Diffusion length
minority = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-7, -4))# minority carrier density
s = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(0, 3)) # surface recombination velocity
light_source = LightSource(source_type="standard", version="AM1.5g")
wl = np.linspace(300, 1800, 50) * 1e-9
wl_ls, phg = light_source.spectrum(output_units='photon_flux_per_m', x=wl)
xa_nm = np.random.uniform(1, 1000)
xa = xa_nm * 1e-9
xb = np.random.uniform(xa_nm + 1, 1100) * 1e-9
## make a simple Beer-Lambert profile
dist = np.linspace(0, xb, 1000)
alphas = np.linspace(1e8, 10, len(wl))
expn = np.exp(- alphas[:, None] * dist[None, :])
output = alphas[:, None] * expn
output = output.T
gen_prof = interp1d(dist, output, axis=0)
zz = np.linspace(xa, xb, 1002)[:-1]
gg = gen_prof(zz) * phg
expected = np.zeros_like(wl)
for i in range(len(wl)):
if np.all(gg[:, i] == 0): # no reason to solve anything if no generation at this wavelength
expected[i] = 0
A = lambda x: np.interp(x, zz, gg[:, i]) / D + minority / L ** 2
def fun(x, y):
out1 = y[1]
out2 = y[0] / L ** 2 - A(x)
return np.vstack((out1, out2))
def bc(ya, yb):
left = ya[0]
right = yb[1] - s / D * (yb[0] - minority)
return np.array([left, right])
guess = minority * np.ones((2, zz.size))
guess[1] = np.zeros_like(guess[0])
solution = solve_bvp(fun, bc, zz, guess)
expected[i] = solution.y[1][0]
result = get_J_sc_diffusion_vs_WL(xa, xb, gen_prof, D, L, minority, s, wl, phg, side='bottom')
assert result == approx(expected)
def test_wavelength_array_consistency():
#GH 147
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
import numpy as np
wl_arr = np.linspace(300, 1200, 10) * 1e-9
wl_arr2 = np.linspace(300, 1200, 20) * 1e-9
ls = LightSource(source_type='standard',
version='AM1.5g',
x=wl_arr,
output_units='photon_flux_per_m')
assert ls.spectrum()[1].shape == wl_arr.shape
assert ls.spectrum(x=wl_arr2)[1].shape == wl_arr2.shape
def evaluate(self, x):
light_source = LightSource(source_type='standard', version='AM1.5g')
wl = np.linspace(300, 1850, 500) * 1e-9
solar_cell = self.make_cell(x)
position = [1e-10] * 10 + [5e-8]
V = np.linspace(0, 3.5, 300)
solar_cell_solver(solar_cell,
'iv',
user_options={
'voltages': V,
'light_iv': True,
'wavelength': wl,
'mpp': True,
'light_source': light_source,
'optics_method': 'TMM',
'BL_correction': True,
'position': position
})
efficiency = solar_cell.iv["Eta"]
# print('Efficiency =', efficiency)
return -efficiency
def __init__(self):
# wavelength, materials.
# make these attributes of 'self' so they can be accessed by the class object
# here I am also creating lists of wavelengths and corresponding n and k data from
# the Solcore materials - the reason for this is that there is currently an issue with using the Solcore
# material class in parallel computations. Thus the information for the n and k data is saved here as a list
# rather than a material object.
self.wl = np.linspace(250, 900, 700)
self.MgF2 = [
self.wl,
material('MgF2')().n(self.wl * 1e-9),
material('MgF2')().k(self.wl * 1e-9)
]
self.Ta2O5 = [
self.wl,
material('410', nk_db=True)().n(self.wl * 1e-9),
material('410', nk_db=True)().k(self.wl * 1e-9)
]
self.GaAs = [
1000, self.wl,
material('GaAs')().n(self.wl * 1e-9),
material('GaAs')().k(self.wl * 1e-9)
]
# assuming an AM0 spectrum
spectr = LightSource(source_type='standard',
version='AM0',
x=self.wl,
output_units='photon_flux_per_m',
concentration=1).spectrum(self.wl * 1e-9)[1]
self.spectrum = spectr / max(spectr)
def calculate_light_source(self) -> LightSource:
""" Calculate the lightsource based on the chosen options
:return: None
"""
try:
# First we create the x values
x_min = self.x_min.get()
x_max = self.x_max.get()
x_points = self.x_points.get()
concentration = self.concentration.get()
# Now we retrieve the options
options = self.spectrum.get_options()
except Exception as err:
# If any of the parameters causes problems, typically because there's text input where there should be a
# number, we return the current light source
print(err)
return self.light_source
# And now we are ready to create the spectrum
try:
light_source = LightSource(source_type=self.source_type.get(),
x=np.linspace(x_min, x_max, x_points),
output_units=self.units.get(),
concentration=concentration,
**options)
except TypeError:
return self.light_source
return light_source
def plot_qe(self, data: pd.DataFrame, spectrum: LightSource) -> None:
""" Plots the QE data and the different components, if any. If a spectrum is provided, it also calculates the Jsc of each junction
:param data: Data to plot as a Pandas dataframe
:param spectrum: A LightSource object with the spectrum, needed to calculate the Jsc of each junction
:return: None
"""
wl = data['WL'] * 1e9 # Wavelength in nanometers
color = 'red' # Default color; not really use
i = 0 # Counter
markerstyle = ('o', 'v', '^', '<', '>', '8', 's', 'p', '*', 'h', 'H', 'D', 'd', 'P', 'X')
colors = ('r', 'g', 'b', 'm', 'c')
losses = ('srh', 'rad', 'aug', 'surf', 'surb')
losses_done = False
# To accumulate the total light absorbed
total_A = np.zeros_like(data['WL'])
# And then the reflection
y1 = 1 - data['R']
y2 = np.ones_like(data['R'])
self.axes.fill_between(wl, y1, y2, color='yellow', alpha=0.5, linewidth=3, label='R')
# Now we plot what happens with light absorbed
for name in data.columns.values:
if 'A' in name:
total_A += data[name]
p = self.axes.plot(wl, data[name], '--', linewidth=3, label=name)
color = p[-1].get_color()
i = 0
y1 = data[name]
elif 'EQE' in name and len(name) <= 5:
self.axes.plot(wl, data[name], linewidth=3, color=color, label=name)
elif any(loss in name for loss in losses):
# For the PDD model we have losses. We plot them as shaded areas
label = losses[i] if (not losses_done and i < 5) else None
y2 = y1
y1 = y1 - data[name]
self.axes.plot(wl, y1, ':', color=color)
self.axes.fill_between(wl, y1, y2, facecolor=colors[i], alpha=0.5, label=label)
i += 1
losses_done = losses_done or i > 4
elif 'EQE' in name:
# And for the DA model we have contributions to the QE. We plot them with different markers.
self.axes.plot(wl, data[name], color=color, marker=markerstyle[i], fillstyle='none', markevery=5,
label=name)
i += 1
# If a spectrum is given, we calculate the current related to each of the QE
if spectrum is not None and name[:4] == 'EQE':
current = data[name].values * spectrum.spectrum(x=wl, output_units='photon_flux_per_nm')[1]
self.outputs[name] = q * np.trapz(current, wl)
self.axes.plot(wl, total_A, 'k--', linewidth=2, label='Total A')
self.axes.set_xlim(left=min(wl), right=max(wl))
self.axes.set_ylim(bottom=0, top=1)
def light_source(wavelength):
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
return LightSource(
source_type="standard",
version="AM1.5g",
x=np.linspace(350, 1000, 301) * 1e-9,
output_units="photon_flux_per_m",
concentration=1,
)
def __init__(self):
# initialize an instance of the class; set some information which will be used in each iteration of the calculation:
# materials, wavelengths, the light source
T = 298
wl = np.linspace(300, 1900, 800)
# materials
SiGeSn = material('SiGeSn')(T=T)
GaAs = material('GaAs')(T=T)
InGaP = material('GaInP')(In=0.5, T=T)
Ge = material('Ge')(T=T)
# make these attributes of 'self' so they can be accessed by the class object
# here I am also creating lists of wavelengths and corresponding n and k data from
# the Solcore materials - the reason for this is that there is currently an issue with using the Solcore
# material class in parallel computations. Thus the information for the n and k data is saved here as a list
# rather than a material object (see the documentation of OptiStack for the different acceptable formats
# to pass optical constants for an OptiStack
self.wl = wl
self.SiGeSn = [
self.wl,
SiGeSn.n(self.wl * 1e-9),
SiGeSn.k(self.wl * 1e-9)
]
self.Ge = [self.wl, Ge.n(self.wl * 1e-9), Ge.k(self.wl * 1e-9)]
self.InGaP = [
self.wl, InGaP.n(self.wl * 1e-9),
InGaP.k(self.wl * 1e-9)
]
self.GaAs = [self.wl, GaAs.n(self.wl * 1e-9), GaAs.k(self.wl * 1e-9)]
self.MgF2 = [
self.wl,
material('MgF2')().n(self.wl * 1e-9),
material('MgF2')().k(self.wl * 1e-9)
]
self.Ta2O5 = [
self.wl,
material('410', nk_db=True)().n(self.wl * 1e-9),
material('410', nk_db=True)().k(self.wl * 1e-9)
]
# assuming an AM1.5G spectrum
self.spectr = LightSource(source_type='standard',
version='AM1.5g',
x=self.wl,
output_units='photon_flux_per_nm',
concentration=1).spectrum(self.wl)[1]
def __init__(self):
""" Make the wavelength and the materials n and k data object attributes.
The n and k data are extracted from the Solcore materials rather than using
the material directly because there is currently an issue with using the
Solcore material class in parallel computations.
"""
self.wl = np.linspace(250, 900, 700)
self.MgF2 = [
self.wl,
material("MgF2")().n(self.wl * 1e-9),
material("MgF2")().k(self.wl * 1e-9),
]
# This is Ta2O5 from the SOPRA database included in Solcore
self.Ta2O5 = [
self.wl,
material("TAOX1")().n(self.wl * 1e-9),
material("TAOX1")().k(self.wl * 1e-9),
]
self.GaAs = [
1000,
self.wl,
material("GaAs")().n(self.wl * 1e-9),
material("GaAs")().k(self.wl * 1e-9),
]
# assuming an AM0 spectrum
spectr = LightSource(
source_type="standard",
version="AM1.5g",
x=self.wl,
output_units="photon_flux_per_m",
concentration=1,
).spectrum(self.wl * 1e-9)[1]
# Only want to use spectrum to weight reflectivity result so don't care about
# absolute values
self.spectrum = spectr / max(spectr)
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
# TODO If SMARTS is not installed, it keeps trying and producing errors.
# LightSource is poorly designed...
# The wavelength range of the spectra
wl = np.linspace(300, 3000, 200)
# Now different types of light sources can be defined
gauss = LightSource(source_type='laser',
x=wl,
center=800,
linewidth=50,
power=200)
bb = LightSource(source_type='black body', x=wl, T=5800, entendue='Sun')
am15g = LightSource(source_type='standard', x=wl, version='AM1.5g')
spectral = LightSource(source_type='SPECTRAL2', x=wl)
# Plot comparing the different light sources
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(*gauss.spectrum(), label='Gauss')
plt.plot(*bb.spectrum(), label='Black body')
plt.plot(*am15g.spectrum(), label='AM1.5G')
plt.plot(*spectral.spectrum(), label='SPECTRAL2')
try:
smarts = LightSource(source_type='SMARTS', x=wl)
plt.plot(*smarts.spectrum(), label='SMARTS')
except TypeError:
def test_get_J_sc_diffusion_green_bottom():
from solcore.analytic_solar_cells.depletion_approximation import get_J_sc_diffusion_green
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
D = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-5, 0)) # Diffusion coefficient
L = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-9, -6)) # Diffusion length
minority = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-7,
-4)) # minority carrier density
s = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(0,
3)) # surface recombination velocityx
light_source = LightSource(source_type="standard", version="AM1.5g")
wl = np.linspace(300, 1800, 50) * 1e-9
wl_ls, phg = light_source.spectrum(output_units='photon_flux_per_m', x=wl)
xa_nm = np.random.uniform(1, 1000)
xa = xa_nm * 1e-9
xb = np.random.uniform(xa_nm + 1, 1100) * 1e-9
beta1 = (xb - xa) / L
if beta1 > 1.e2:
xb = xa + 99. * L
beta1 = (xb - xa) / L
## make a simple Beer-Lambert profile
alphas = np.linspace(1e8, 10, len(wl))
# theoreical value from Fonash, Solar cell device physics eq 4.15
beta2 = (xb - xa) * alphas
beta3 = -L * s / D
c1 = beta2 * beta2 / (beta2 * beta2 - beta1 * beta1) * np.exp(-alphas * xa)
c2 = (beta3 * beta1 / beta2 - 1.) / (beta3 * np.sinh(beta1) +
np.cosh(beta1))
expected = (beta3 * np.cosh(beta1) +
np.sinh(beta1)) / (beta3 * np.sinh(beta1) + np.cosh(beta1))
expected *= -beta1 / beta2
expected += 1.
expected = (expected + c2 * np.exp(-beta2)) * c1 * phg / D
expected += minority / L * (beta3 * np.cosh(beta1) + np.sinh(beta1)) / (
beta3 * np.sinh(beta1) + np.cosh(beta1))
result = get_J_sc_diffusion_green(xa,
xb,
lambda x: alphas * np.exp(-alphas * x),
D,
L,
minority,
s,
phg,
side='bottom')
assert beta1 < 1.e2
assert result == approx(expected, rel=1.e-5)
# test version for extreme L values
Lmax = np.log10((xb - xa) * 1.e-2)
L = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(Lmax - 2., Lmax))
# theoretical value for Beer-Lambert profile
beta1 = (xb - xa) / L
expected = np.exp(-beta1 - alphas * xb) - np.exp(-alphas * xa)
expected *= -phg * alphas / D / (alphas + 1. / L)
expected += minority / L
result = get_J_sc_diffusion_green(xa,
xb,
lambda x: alphas * np.exp(-alphas * x),
D,
L,
minority,
s,
phg,
side='bottom')
assert beta1 > 1.e2
assert result == approx(expected, rel=1.e-5)
def test_get_J_sc_diffusion_green_top():
from solcore.analytic_solar_cells.depletion_approximation import get_J_sc_diffusion_green
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
D = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-5, 0)) # Diffusion coefficient
L = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-9, -6)) # Diffusion length
minority = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(-7,
-4)) # minority carrier density
s = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(0, 3)) # surface recombination velocity
light_source = LightSource(source_type="standard", version="AM1.5g")
wl = np.linspace(300, 1800, 50) * 1e-9
wl_ls, phg = light_source.spectrum(output_units='photon_flux_per_m', x=wl)
xa_nm = np.random.uniform(1, 1000)
xa = xa_nm * 1e-9
xb = np.random.uniform(xa_nm + 1, 1100) * 1e-9
beta1 = (xb - xa) / L
if beta1 > 1.e2:
xb = xa + 99. * L
beta1 = (xb - xa) / L
## make a simple Beer-Lambert profile
alphas = np.linspace(1e8, 10, len(wl))
# theoreical value from Fonash, Solar cell device physics eq 4.10
# (the absorption profile has to be offset for xa != 0.)
beta2 = (xb - xa) * alphas
beta3 = L * s / D
c1 = beta2 * beta2 / (beta2 * beta2 - beta1 * beta1)
c2 = (beta3 * beta1 / beta2 + 1.) / (beta3 * np.sinh(beta1) +
np.cosh(beta1))
expected = (beta3 * np.cosh(beta1) +
np.sinh(beta1)) / (beta3 * np.sinh(beta1) + np.cosh(beta1))
expected *= beta1 / beta2
expected += 1.
expected *= np.exp(-beta2)
expected = (expected - c2) * c1 * phg / D * np.exp(-alphas * xa)
expected -= minority / L * (beta3 * np.cosh(beta1) + np.sinh(beta1)) / (
beta3 * np.sinh(beta1) + np.cosh(beta1))
result = get_J_sc_diffusion_green(xa,
xb,
lambda x: alphas * np.exp(-alphas * x),
D,
L,
minority,
s,
phg,
side='top')
assert beta1 < 1.e2
assert result == approx(expected, rel=1.e-5)
# test version for extreme L values
Lmax = np.log10((xb - xa) * 1.e-2)
L = np.power(10, np.random.uniform(Lmax - 2., Lmax))
# theoretical value for Beer-Lambert profile
alphas_miL = alphas - 1. / L
idx_c = np.abs(alphas_miL) < 1.e-3
idx_i = np.logical_not(idx_c)
expected = np.zeros_like(alphas)
expected = np.exp(-alphas_miL * xa - xb / L) - np.exp(-alphas * xb)
expected[idx_i] /= alphas_miL[idx_i]
expected[idx_c] = np.exp(-alphas[idx_c] * xb)
expected *= -phg * alphas / D
expected -= minority / L
result = get_J_sc_diffusion_green(xa,
xb,
lambda x: alphas * np.exp(-alphas * x),
D,
L,
minority,
s,
phg,
side='top')
assert (xb - xa) / L > 1.e2
assert result == approx(expected, rel=1.e-5)
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
from solcore.solar_cell import SolarCell
from solcore.solar_cell_solver import solar_cell_solver
from solcore.structure import Junction
# Illumination spectrum
wl = np.linspace(300, 4000, 4000) * 1e-9
light = LightSource(source_type="standard",
version="AM1.5g",
x=wl,
output_units="photon_flux_per_m")
T = 298
V = np.linspace(0, 5, 500)
# This function assembles the solar cell and calculates the IV cruve
def solve_MJ(EgBot, EgMid, EgTop):
db_junction0 = Junction(kind="DB",
T=T,
Eg=EgBot,
A=1,
R_shunt=np.inf,
n=3.5)
db_junction1 = Junction(kind="DB",
T=T,
Eg=EgMid,
def da_light_source():
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
light_source = LightSource(source_type="standard", version="AM1.5g")
return light_source
def plot(self, x):
light_source = LightSource(source_type='standard', version='AM1.5g')
wl = np.linspace(300, 1850, 500) * 1e-9
solar_cell = self.make_cell(x)
position = [1e-10] * 10 + [5e-8]
V = np.linspace(0, 3.5, 300)
solar_cell_solver(solar_cell,
'iv',
user_options={
'voltages': V,
'light_iv': True,
'wavelength': wl,
'mpp': True,
'light_source': light_source,
'optics_method': 'TMM',
'BL_correction': True,
'position': position
})
efficiency = solar_cell.iv["Eta"]
pmax = solar_cell.iv["Pmpp"]
ff = solar_cell.iv["FF"]
voc = solar_cell.iv["Voc"]
isc = solar_cell.iv["Isc"]
plt.figure()
plt.plot(V,
solar_cell.iv['IV'][1] / 10,
'k',
linewidth=3,
label='Total')
plt.plot(V, -solar_cell[2].iv(V) / 10, 'b', label='GaInP')
plt.plot(V, -solar_cell[3].iv(V) / 10, 'g', label='GaAs')
plt.plot(V, -solar_cell[4].iv(V) / 10, 'r', label='SiGeSn')
plt.plot(V, -solar_cell[5].iv(V) / 10, 'y', label='Ge')
plt.text(2, 10, '$\eta = $' + str(round(efficiency * 100, 1)) + '%')
plt.text(2, 8, 'Pmax=' + str(round(pmax, 1)) + 'W/m$^2$')
plt.text(2, 9, 'FF = ' + str(round(ff * 100, 1)) + '%')
plt.text(2, 7, 'Voc=' + str(round(voc, 1)) + 'V')
plt.text(2, 6, 'Jsc=' + str(round(0.1 * isc, 1)) + 'mA/cm$^2$')
plt.legend()
plt.ylim(0, 18)
plt.xlim(0, 3.5)
plt.ylabel('Current (mA/cm$^2$)')
plt.xlabel('Voltage (V)')
plt.show()
# print('Efficiency =', efficiency)
solar_cell_solver(solar_cell,
'qe',
user_options={
'wavelength': wl,
'optics_method': 'TMM',
'BL_correction': True,
'position': position
})
plt.figure()
plt.plot(wl * 1e9, solar_cell[2].eqe(wl) * 100, 'b', label='InGaP')
plt.plot(wl * 1e9, solar_cell[3].eqe(wl) * 100, 'g', label='InGaAs')
plt.plot(wl * 1e9, solar_cell[4].eqe(wl) * 100, 'r', label='SiGeSn')
plt.plot(wl * 1e9, solar_cell[5].eqe(wl) * 100, 'y', label='Ge')
plt.plot(wl * 1e9,
solar_cell.absorbed * 100,
'k--',
label='Absorption')
# plt.plot(wl * 1e9, solar_cell[5].eqe(wl)*100, 'y', label='Ge')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.xlim(290, 1850)
plt.ylim(0, 100)
plt.ylabel('EQE (%)')
plt.xlabel('Wavelength (nm)')
plt.show()
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
from solcore.solar_cell import SolarCell
from solcore.solar_cell_solver import solar_cell_solver
from solcore.structure import Junction
# Illumination spectrum
wl = np.linspace(300, 4000, 4000) * 1e-9
light = LightSource(source_type='standard', version='AM1.5g', x=wl, output_units='photon_flux_per_m')
T = 298
V = np.linspace(0, 5, 500)
# This function assembles the solar cell and calculates the IV cruve
def solve_MJ(EgBot, EgMid, EgTop):
db_junction0 = Junction(kind='DB', T=T, Eg=EgBot, A=1, R_shunt=np.inf, n=3.5)
db_junction1 = Junction(kind='DB', T=T, Eg=EgMid, A=1, R_shunt=np.inf, n=3.5)
db_junction2 = Junction(kind='DB', T=T, Eg=EgTop, A=1, R_shunt=np.inf, n=3.5)
my_solar_cell = SolarCell([db_junction2, db_junction1, db_junction0], T=T, R_series=0)
solar_cell_solver(my_solar_cell, 'iv',
user_options={'T_ambient': T, 'db_mode': 'top_hat', 'voltages': V, 'light_iv': True,
'internal_voltages': np.linspace(-6, 5, 1100), 'wavelength': wl,
'mpp': True, 'light_source': light})
return my_solar_cell
def qe_depletion(junction, options):
""" Calculates the QE curve of a junction object using the depletion approximation as described in J. Nelson, “The Physics of Solar Cells”, Imperial College Press (2003). The junction is then updated with an "iqe" and several "eqe" functions that calculates the QE curve at any wavelength.
:param junction: A junction object.
:param options: Solver options.
:return: None.
"""
science_reference(
'Depletion approximation',
'J. Nelson, “The Physics of Solar Cells”, Imperial College Press (2003).'
)
# First we have to figure out if we are talking about a PN, NP, PIN or NIP junction
T = options.T
kbT = kb * T
id_top, id_bottom, pRegion, nRegion, iRegion, pn_or_np = identify_layers(
junction)
xn, xp, xi, sn, sp, ln, lp, dn, dp, Nd, Na, ni, es = identify_parameters(
junction, T, pRegion, nRegion, iRegion)
niSquared = ni**2
Vbi = (kbT / q) * np.log(Nd * Na / niSquared) if not hasattr(
junction, "Vbi") else junction.Vbi # Jenny p146
wn, wp = get_depletion_widths(junction, es, Vbi, 0, Na, Nd, xi)
# Now it is time to calculate currents
if pn_or_np == "pn":
l_top, l_bottom = ln, lp
w_top, w_bottom = wp, wn
s_top, s_bottom = sp, sn
d_top, d_bottom = dp, dn
min_top, min_bot = niSquared / Na, niSquared / Nd
else:
l_bottom, l_top = ln, lp
w_bottom, w_top = wp, wn
s_bottom, s_top = sp, sn
d_bottom, d_top = dp, dn
min_bot, min_top = niSquared / Na, niSquared / Nd
widths = []
for layer in junction:
widths.append(layer.width)
cum_widths = np.cumsum([0] + widths)
g = junction.absorbed
wl = options.wavelength
wl_sp, ph = LightSource(source_type='black body', x=wl,
T=6000).spectrum(output_units='photon_flux_per_m',
x=wl)
# The contribution from the Emitter (top side).
xa = cum_widths[id_top]
xb = cum_widths[id_top + 1] - w_top
if options.da_mode == 'bvp':
deriv = get_J_sc_diffusion_vs_WL(xa,
xb,
g,
d_top,
l_top,
min_top,
s_top,
wl,
ph,
side='top')
else:
xbb = xb - (xb - xa) / 1001.
deriv = get_J_sc_diffusion_green(xa,
xbb,
g,
d_top,
l_top,
min_top,
s_top,
ph,
side='top')
j_sc_top = d_top * abs(deriv)
# The contribution from the Base (bottom side).
xa = cum_widths[id_bottom] + w_bottom
xb = cum_widths[id_bottom + 1]
if options.da_mode == 'bvp':
deriv = get_J_sc_diffusion_vs_WL(xa,
xb,
g,
d_bottom,
l_bottom,
min_bot,
s_bottom,
wl,
ph,
side='bottom')
else:
xbb = xb - (xb - xa) / 1001.
deriv = get_J_sc_diffusion_green(xa,
xbb,
g,
d_bottom,
l_bottom,
min_bot,
s_bottom,
ph,
side='bottom')
j_sc_bot = d_bottom * abs(deriv)
# The contribution from the SCR (includes the intrinsic region, if present).
xa = cum_widths[id_top + 1] - w_top
xb = cum_widths[id_bottom] + w_bottom
j_sc_scr = get_J_sc_SCR_vs_WL(xa, xb, g, wl, ph)
# The total light absorbed, but not necessarily collected, is:
xa = cum_widths[id_top]
xb = cum_widths[id_bottom + 1]
zz = np.linspace(xa, xb, 10001)
gg = g(zz) * ph
current_absorbed = np.trapz(gg, zz, axis=0)
# Now, we put everything together
j_sc = j_sc_top + j_sc_bot + j_sc_scr
eqe = j_sc / ph
eqe_emitter = j_sc_top / ph
eqe_base = j_sc_bot / ph
eqe_scr = j_sc_scr / ph
iqe = j_sc / current_absorbed
iqe[np.isnan(
iqe
)] = 0 # if zero current_absorbed, get NaN in previous line; want 0 IQE
junction.iqe = interp1d(wl, iqe)
junction.eqe = interp1d(wl,
eqe,
kind='linear',
bounds_error=False,
assume_sorted=True,
fill_value=(eqe[0], eqe[-1]))
junction.eqe_emitter = interp1d(wl,
eqe_emitter,
kind='linear',
bounds_error=False,
assume_sorted=True,
fill_value=(eqe_emitter[0],
eqe_emitter[-1]))
junction.eqe_base = interp1d(wl,
eqe_base,
kind='linear',
bounds_error=False,
assume_sorted=True,
fill_value=(eqe_base[0], eqe_base[-1]))
junction.eqe_scr = interp1d(wl,
eqe_scr,
kind='linear',
bounds_error=False,
assume_sorted=True,
fill_value=(eqe_scr[0], eqe_scr[-1]))
junction.qe = State({
'WL': wl,
'IQE': junction.iqe(wl),
'EQE': junction.eqe(wl),
'EQE_emitter': junction.eqe_emitter(wl),
'EQE_base': junction.eqe_base(wl),
'EQE_scr': junction.eqe_scr(wl)
})
Layer(width=si('200nm'), material=bsf, role="BSF")
],
sn=1e6,
sp=1e6,
T=T,
kind='PDD')
return output
Vin = np.linspace(-2, 2.61, 201)
V = np.linspace(0, 2.6, 300)
wl = np.linspace(350, 1000, 301) * 1e-9
light_source = LightSource(source_type='standard',
version='AM1.5g',
x=wl,
output_units='photon_flux_per_m',
concentration=1)
class TestPDD(TestCase):
def test_92_light_iv(self):
answer = [
141.434980729, 2.46952886616, 0.91434377329, 319.359951949,
2.29565217391, 139.115130584, 0.319241623262
]
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(
prefix="tmp", suffix="_sc3TESTS") as working_directory:
filename = os.path.join(working_directory, 'solcore_log.txt')
PDD.log(filename)
R_per_pass = np.sum(results_per_pass['r'][0], 2)
R_0 = R_per_pass[0]
R_escape = np.sum(R_per_pass[1:, :], 0)
# only select absorbing layers, sum over passes
results_per_layer_front = np.sum(results_per_pass['a'][0], 0)[:,[0,1,3,5,7,8]]
results_per_layer_back = np.sum(results_per_pass['a'][1], 0)
allres = np.flip(np.hstack((R_0[:,None], R_escape[:,None], results_per_layer_front, RAT['A_bulk'].T,
results_per_layer_back, RAT['T'].T)),1)
# calculated photogenerated current (Jsc with 100% EQE)
spectr_flux = LightSource(source_type='standard', version='AM1.5g', x=wavelengths,
output_units='photon_flux_per_m', concentration=1).spectrum(wavelengths)[1]
Jph_Si = q * np.trapz(RAT['A_bulk'][0] * spectr_flux, wavelengths)/10 # mA/cm2
Jph_Perovskite = q * np.trapz(results_per_layer_front[:,3] * spectr_flux, wavelengths)/10 # mA/cm2
pal = sns.cubehelix_palette(13, start=.5, rot=-.9)
pal.reverse()
from scipy.ndimage.filters import gaussian_filter1d
ysmoothed = gaussian_filter1d(allres, sigma=2, axis=0)
bulk_A_text= ysmoothed[:,4]
# plot total R, A, T
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5,4))
precedence goes to key value pairs in latter dicts.
"""
result = State()
for dictionary in dict_args:
result.update(dictionary)
return result
# General
default_options.T_ambient = 298
default_options.T = 298
# Illumination spectrum
default_options.wavelength = np.linspace(300, 1800, 251) * 1e-9
default_options.light_source = LightSource(source_type='standard',
version='AM1.5g',
x=default_options.wavelength,
output_units='photon_flux_per_m')
# IV control
default_options.voltages = np.linspace(0, 1.2, 100)
default_options.mpp = False
default_options.light_iv = False
default_options.internal_voltages = np.linspace(-6, 4, 1000)
default_options.position = None
default_options.radiative_coupling = False
# Optics control
default_options.optics_method = 'BL'
default_options.recalculate_absorption = False
default_options = merge_dicts(default_options, ASC.db_options, PDD.pdd_options,
Layer(width=110e-9, material=MgF2, role="ARC1"),
Layer(width=60e-9, material=ZnS, role="ARC2"),
Layer(width=30e-9, material=window_top, role="window"),
GaInP_junction,
Layer(width=100e-9, material=bsf_top, role="BSF"),
tunnel,
GaAs_junction,
],
T=T,
substrate=n_GaAs,
)
light_source = LightSource(
source_type="standard",
version="AM1.5g",
x=wl,
output_units="photon_flux_per_m",
concentration=1,
)
# The definitions are all done, so we just start solving the properties,
# starting with the QE. We calculate the QE curve under illumination
solar_cell_solver(
my_solar_cell,
"qe",
user_options={
"light_source": light_source,
"wavelength": wl,
"optics_method": "TMM",
},
)
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from solcore import siUnits, material, si
from solcore.solar_cell import SolarCell
from solcore.structure import Junction, Layer
from solcore.solar_cell_solver import solar_cell_solver, default_options
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
from solcore.state import State
incidence_angle = 45 # should be in degrees
wl = np.linspace(290, 1900, 400) * 1e-9
concX = 566 # the light concentration
light_source = LightSource(
source_type='standard',
version='AM1.5d',
x=default_options.wavelength,
output_units='photon_flux_per_m',
concentration=concX) # define the input light source as AM1.5G
all_materials = []
Al2O3 = material('Al2O3')
TiO2 = material('TiO2')
AlInP = material("AlInP")
GaInP = material("GaInP")
GaAs = material('GaAs')
Ge = material("Ge")
Al02Ga08As = material('AlGaAs')
Al08Ga02As = material('AlGaAs')
# TOP CELL - GaInP
wavelengths = np.linspace(250, 1100, 80) * 1e-9
RCWA_wl = wavelengths
ropt = dict(LatticeTruncation='Circular',
DiscretizedEpsilon=True,
DiscretizationResolution=4,
PolarizationDecomposition=False,
PolarizationBasis='Default',
LanczosSmoothing=True,
SubpixelSmoothing=True,
ConserveMemory=False,
WeismannFormulation=True)
light_source = LightSource(source_type='standard', version='AM0')
options = State()
options['rcwa_options'] = ropt
options.optics_method = 'RCWA'
options.wavelength = wavelengths
options.light_source = light_source
options.pol = 's'
options.mpp = True
options.light_iv = True
options.position = 1e-10
options.voltages = np.linspace(-1.5, 1.5, 100)
options.size = size
options.orders = 20
options.parallel = True