def squred_distance(v, w): return sum_of_squares(vector_substract(v, w))
def magnitude(v: Vector) -> float: return math.sqrt(sum_of_squares(v)) assert magnitude([3, 4]) == 5
def magnitude(v): return math.sqrt(sum_of_squares(v)) # print(magnitude([1,2,3]))
def test_easy_test_cases(): assert sum_of_squares(15) == 4 assert sum_of_squares(16) == 1 assert sum_of_squares(17) == 2 assert sum_of_squares(18) == 2 assert sum_of_squares(19) == 3
def test_maximally_hard_test_cases(): assert sum_of_squares(661915703) == 4 assert sum_of_squares(999887641) == 1 assert sum_of_squares(999950886) == 3 assert sum_of_squares(999951173) == 2 assert sum_of_squares(999998999) == 4
def test_harder_test_cases(): assert sum_of_squares(2017) == 2 assert sum_of_squares(1008) == 4 assert sum_of_squares(3456) == 3 assert sum_of_squares(4000) == 2 assert sum_of_squares(12321) == 1
def variance(x): n = len(x) deviations = _de_mean(x) return sum_of_squares(deviations) / (n - 1)