def test_disjuncts():
A, B, C = symbols('ABC')
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == [A, B, C]
assert disjuncts((A | B) & C) == [(A | B) & C]
assert disjuncts(A) == [A]
assert disjuncts(True) == [True]
assert disjuncts(False) == [False]
def test_disjuncts():
A, B, C = map(Boolean, symbols("A,B,C"))
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == set([A, B, C])
assert disjuncts((A | B) & C) == set([(A | B) & C])
assert disjuncts(A) == set([A])
assert disjuncts(True) == set([True])
assert disjuncts(False) == set([False])
def test_disjuncts():
A, B, C = map(Boolean, symbols('A,B,C'))
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == set([A, B, C])
assert disjuncts((A | B) & C) == set([(A | B) & C])
assert disjuncts(A) == set([A])
assert disjuncts(True) == set([True])
assert disjuncts(False) == set([False])
def test_disjuncts():
A, B, C = map(Boolean, symbols('ABC'))
assert set(disjuncts(A | B | C)) == set([A, B, C])
assert disjuncts((A | B) & C) == [(A | B) & C]
assert disjuncts(A) == [A]
assert disjuncts(True) == [True]
assert disjuncts(False) == [False]
def find_pure_symbol(symbols, unknown_clauses):
"""Find a symbol and its value if it appears only as a positive literal
(or only as a negative) in clauses.
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> A, B, C = symbols('ABC')
>>> find_pure_symbol([A, B, C], [A|~B,~B|~C,C|A])
(A, True)
"""
for sym in symbols:
found_pos, found_neg = False, False
for c in unknown_clauses:
if not found_pos and sym in disjuncts(c): found_pos = True
if not found_neg and Not(sym) in disjuncts(c): found_neg = True
if found_pos != found_neg: return sym, found_pos
return None, None
def find_pure_symbol(symbols, unknown_clauses):
"""Find a symbol and its value if it appears only as a positive literal
(or only as a negative) in clauses.
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> A, B, C = symbols('ABC')
>>> find_pure_symbol([A, B, C], [A|~B,~B|~C,C|A])
(A, True)
"""
for sym in symbols:
found_pos, found_neg = False, False
for c in unknown_clauses:
if not found_pos and sym in disjuncts(c): found_pos = True
if not found_neg and Not(sym) in disjuncts(c): found_neg = True
if found_pos != found_neg: return sym, found_pos
return None, None
def process_conds(cond):
"""
Turn ``cond`` into a strip (a, b), and auxiliary conditions.
"""
a = -oo
b = oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(cond))
t = Dummy('t', real=True)
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
b_ = -oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
d_ = d.replace(re, lambda x: x.as_real_imag()[0]).subs(re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
b_ = Max(soln.rhs, b_)
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo and a_ != b:
a = Max(a_, a)
elif b_ != -oo and b_ != a:
b = Min(b_, b)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return a, b, aux
def get_gene_association_list(ga):
gene_association = ga.replace('and', '&').replace('or', '|').replace('OR', '|')
if not gene_association:
return ""
try:
res = to_cnf(gene_association, False)
gene_association = [[str(it) for it in disjuncts(cjs)] for cjs in conjuncts(res)]
result = '''<table class="p_table" border="0" width="100%%">
<tr class="centre"><th colspan="%d" class="centre">Gene association</th></tr>
<tr>''' % (2 * len(gene_association) - 1)
first = True
for genes in gene_association:
if first:
first = False
else:
result += '<td class="centre"><i>and</i></td>'
result += '<td><table border="0">'
if len(genes) > 1:
result += "<tr><td class='centre'><i>(or)</i></td></tr>"
for gene in genes:
result += "<tr><td class='main'><a href=\'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=%s[sym]\' target=\'_blank\'>%s</a></td></tr>" % (
gene, gene)
result += '</table></td>'
result += '</tr></table>'
return result
except:
return ""
def _laplace_transform(f, t, s, simplify=True):
""" The backend function for laplace transforms. """
from sympy import (re, Max, exp, pi, Abs, Min, periodic_argument as arg,
cos, Wild, symbols)
F = integrate(exp(-s * t) * f, (t, 0, oo))
if not F.has(Integral):
return _simplify(F, simplify), -oo, True
if not F.is_Piecewise:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f,
'could not compute integral')
F, cond = F.args[0]
if F.has(Integral):
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f,
'integral in unexpected form')
a = -oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(cond))
u = Dummy('u', real=True)
p, q, w1, w2, w3 = symbols('p q w1 w2 w3', cls=Wild, exclude=[s])
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p * q, w1)) < w2)
if m:
if m[q] > 0 and m[w2] / m[p] == pi / 2:
d = re(s + m[w3]) > 0
m = d.match(0 < cos(abs(arg(s, q))) * abs(s) - p)
if m:
d = re(s) > m[p]
d_ = d.replace(re, lambda x: x.expand().as_real_imag()[0]).subs(
re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f,
'convergence not in half-plane?')
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo:
a = Max(a_, a)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return _simplify(F, simplify), a, aux
def find_pure_symbol(symbols, unknown_clauses):
"""
Find a symbol and its value if it appears only as a positive literal
(or only as a negative) in clauses.
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> from sympy.abc import A, B, D
>>> from sympy.logic.algorithms.dpll import find_pure_symbol
>>> find_pure_symbol([A, B, D], [A|~B,~B|~D,D|A])
(A, True)
"""
for sym in symbols:
found_pos, found_neg = False, False
for c in unknown_clauses:
if not found_pos and sym in disjuncts(c): found_pos = True
if not found_neg and Not(sym) in disjuncts(c): found_neg = True
if found_pos != found_neg: return sym, found_pos
return None, None
def find_pure_symbol(symbols, unknown_clauses):
"""
Find a symbol and its value if it appears only as a positive literal
(or only as a negative) in clauses.
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> from sympy.abc import A, B, D
>>> from sympy.logic.algorithms.dpll import find_pure_symbol
>>> find_pure_symbol([A, B, D], [A|~B,~B|~D,D|A])
(A, True)
"""
for sym in symbols:
found_pos, found_neg = False, False
for c in unknown_clauses:
if not found_pos and sym in disjuncts(c): found_pos = True
if not found_neg and Not(sym) in disjuncts(c): found_neg = True
if found_pos != found_neg: return sym, found_pos
return None, None
def _mellin_transform(f, x, s_, integrator=_default_integrator, simplify=True):
""" Backend function to compute mellin transforms. """
from sympy import re, Max, Min
# We use a fresh dummy, because assumptions on s might drop conditions on
# convergence of the integral.
s = _dummy('s', 'mellin-transform', f)
F = integrator(x**(s - 1) * f, x)
if not F.has(Integral):
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), (-oo, oo), True
if not F.is_Piecewise:
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f, 'could not compute integral')
F, cond = F.args[0]
if F.has(Integral):
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f,
'integral in unexpected form')
a = -oo
b = oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(cond))
t = Dummy('t', real=True)
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
b_ = -oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
d_ = d.replace(re, lambda x: x.as_real_imag()[0]).subs(re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
b_ = Max(soln.rhs, b_)
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo and a_ != b:
a = Max(a_, a)
elif b_ != -oo and b_ != a:
b = Min(b_, b)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
if aux is False:
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f, 'no convergence found')
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), (a, b), aux
def process_conds(conds):
""" Turn ``conds`` into a strip and auxiliary conditions. """
a = -oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(conds))
u = Dummy('u', real=True)
p, q, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5 = symbols('p q w1 w2 w3 w4 w5',
cls=Wild,
exclude=[s])
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p * q, w1)) < w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p * q, w1)) <= w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((polar_lift(s + w3))**p * q, w1)) < w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(
abs(arg((polar_lift(s + w3))**p * q, w1)) <= w2)
if m:
if m[q] > 0 and m[w2] / m[p] == pi / 2:
d = re(s + m[w3]) > 0
m = d.match(
0 < cos(abs(arg(s**w1 * w5, q)) * w2) * abs(s**w3)**w4 - p)
if not m:
m = d.match(
0 < cos(abs(arg(polar_lift(s)**w1 * w5, q)) * w2) *
abs(s**w3)**w4 - p)
if m and all(m[wild] > 0 for wild in [w1, w2, w3, w4, w5]):
d = re(s) > m[p]
d_ = d.replace(re,
lambda x: x.expand().as_real_imag()[0]).subs(
re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
raise IntegralTransformError(
'Laplace', f, 'convergence not in half-plane?')
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo:
a = Max(a_, a)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return a, aux
def _mellin_transform(f, x, s_, integrator=_default_integrator, simplify=True):
""" Backend function to compute mellin transforms. """
from sympy import re, Max, Min
# We use a fresh dummy, because assumptions on s might drop conditions on
# convergence of the integral.
s = _dummy('s', 'mellin-transform', f)
F = integrator(x**(s-1) * f, x)
if not F.has(Integral):
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), (-oo, oo), True
if not F.is_Piecewise:
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f, 'could not compute integral')
F, cond = F.args[0]
if F.has(Integral):
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f, 'integral in unexpected form')
a = -oo
b = oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(cond))
t = Dummy('t', real=True)
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
b_ = -oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
d_ = d.replace(re, lambda x: x.as_real_imag()[0]).subs(re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
b_ = Max(soln.rhs, b_)
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo and a_ != b:
a = Max(a_, a)
elif b_ != -oo and b_ != a:
b = Min(b_, b)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
if aux is False:
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f, 'no convergence found')
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), (a, b), aux
def _laplace_transform(f, t, s, simplify=True):
""" The backend function for laplace transforms. """
from sympy import (re, Max, exp, pi, Abs, Min, periodic_argument as arg,
cos, Wild, symbols)
F = integrate(exp(-s*t) * f, (t, 0, oo))
if not F.has(Integral):
return _simplify(F, simplify), -oo, True
if not F.is_Piecewise:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f, 'could not compute integral')
F, cond = F.args[0]
if F.has(Integral):
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f, 'integral in unexpected form')
a = -oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(cond))
u = Dummy('u', real=True)
p, q, w1, w2, w3 = symbols('p q w1 w2 w3', cls=Wild, exclude=[s])
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p*q, w1)) < w2)
if m:
if m[q] > 0 and m[w2]/m[p] == pi/2:
d = re(s + m[w3]) > 0
m = d.match(0 < cos(abs(arg(s, q)))*abs(s) - p)
if m:
d = re(s) > m[p]
d_ = d.replace(re, lambda x: x.expand().as_real_imag()[0]).subs(re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f,
'convergence not in half-plane?')
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo:
a = Max(a_, a)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return _simplify(F, simplify), a, aux
def process_conds(conds):
""" Turn ``conds`` into a strip and auxiliary conditions. """
a = -oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(conds))
u = Dummy('u', real=True)
p, q, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5 = symbols('p q w1 w2 w3 w4 w5', cls=Wild, exclude=[s])
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p*q, w1)) < w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p*q, w1)) <= w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((polar_lift(s + w3))**p*q, w1)) < w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((polar_lift(s + w3))**p*q, w1)) <= w2)
if m:
if m[q] > 0 and m[w2]/m[p] == pi/2:
d = re(s + m[w3]) > 0
m = d.match(0 < cos(abs(arg(s**w1*w5, q))*w2)*abs(s**w3)**w4 - p)
if not m:
m = d.match(0 < cos(abs(arg(polar_lift(s)**w1*w5, q))*w2)*abs(s**w3)**w4 - p)
if m and all(m[wild] > 0 for wild in [w1, w2, w3, w4, w5]):
d = re(s) > m[p]
d_ = d.replace(re, lambda x: x.expand().as_real_imag()[0]).subs(re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or \
d.rel_op not in ('>', '>=', '<', '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
soln.rel_op not in ('>', '>=', '<', '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lts == t:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f,
'convergence not in half-plane?')
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lts, a_)
if a_ != oo:
a = Max(a_, a)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return a, aux
def find_unit_clause(clauses, model):
"""A unit clause has only 1 variable that is not bound in the model.
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> A, B, C = symbols('ABC')
>>> find_unit_clause([A | B | C, B | ~C, A | ~B], {A:True})
(B, False)
"""
for clause in clauses:
num_not_in_model = 0
for literal in disjuncts(clause):
sym = literal_symbol(literal)
if sym not in model:
num_not_in_model += 1
P, value = sym, not (isinstance(literal, Not))
if num_not_in_model == 1:
return P, value
return None, None
def find_unit_clause(clauses, model):
"""A unit clause has only 1 variable that is not bound in the model.
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> A, B, C = symbols('ABC')
>>> find_unit_clause([A | B | C, B | ~C, A | ~B], {A:True})
(B, False)
"""
for clause in clauses:
num_not_in_model = 0
for literal in disjuncts(clause):
sym = literal_symbol(literal)
if sym not in model:
num_not_in_model += 1
P, value = sym, not (isinstance(literal, Not))
if num_not_in_model == 1:
return P, value
return None, None
def find_unit_clause(clauses, model):
"""
A unit clause has only 1 variable that is not bound in the model.
>>> from sympy.abc import A, B, D
>>> from sympy.logic.algorithms.dpll import find_unit_clause
>>> find_unit_clause([A | B | D, B | ~D, A | ~B], {A:True})
(B, False)
"""
for clause in clauses:
num_not_in_model = 0
for literal in disjuncts(clause):
sym = literal_symbol(literal)
if sym not in model:
num_not_in_model += 1
P, value = sym, not isinstance(literal, Not)
if num_not_in_model == 1:
return P, value
return None, None
def find_unit_clause(clauses, model):
"""
A unit clause has only 1 variable that is not bound in the model.
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> from sympy.abc import A, B, D
>>> from sympy.logic.algorithms.dpll import find_unit_clause
>>> find_unit_clause([A | B | D, B | ~D, A | ~B], {A:True})
(B, False)
"""
for clause in clauses:
num_not_in_model = 0
for literal in disjuncts(clause):
sym = literal_symbol(literal)
if sym not in model:
num_not_in_model += 1
P, value = sym, not (literal.func is Not)
if num_not_in_model == 1:
return P, value
return None, None
def process_conds(cond):
"""
Turn ``cond`` into a strip (a, b), and auxiliary conditions.
"""
a = -oo
b = oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(cond))
t = Dummy('t', real=True)
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
b_ = -oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
d_ = d.replace(re,
lambda x: x.as_real_imag()[0]).subs(re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
b_ = Max(soln.rhs, b_)
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo and a_ != b:
a = Max(a_, a)
elif b_ != -oo and b_ != a:
b = Min(b_, b)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return a, b, aux
def ask(expr, key, assumptions=True):
"""
Method for inferring properties about objects.
**Syntax**
* ask(expression, key)
* ask(expression, key, assumptions)
where expression is any SymPy expression
**Examples**
>>> from sympy import ask, Q, Assume, pi
>>> from sympy.abc import x, y
>>> ask(pi, Q.rational)
False
>>> ask(x*y, Q.even, Assume(x, Q.even) & Assume(y, Q.integer))
True
>>> ask(x*y, Q.prime, Assume(x, Q.integer) & Assume(y, Q.integer))
False
**Remarks**
Relations in assumptions are not implemented (yet), so the following
will not give a meaningful result.
>> ask(x, positive=True, Assume(x>0))
It is however a work in progress and should be available before
the official release
"""
expr = sympify(expr)
assumptions = And(assumptions, And(*global_assumptions))
# direct resolution method, no logic
resolutors = []
for handler in handlers_dict[key]:
resolutors.append( get_class(handler) )
res, _res = None, None
mro = inspect.getmro(type(expr))
for handler in resolutors:
for subclass in mro:
if hasattr(handler, subclass.__name__):
res = getattr(handler, subclass.__name__)(expr, assumptions)
if _res is None: _res = res
elif res is None:
# since first resolutor was conclusive, we keep that value
res = _res
else:
# only check consistency if both resolutors have concluded
if _res != res: raise ValueError, 'incompatible resolutors'
break
if res is not None:
return res
if assumptions is True: return
# use logic inference
if not expr.is_Atom: return
clauses = copy.deepcopy(known_facts_compiled)
assumptions = conjuncts(to_cnf(assumptions))
# add assumptions to the knowledge base
for assump in assumptions:
conj = eliminate_assume(assump, symbol=expr)
if conj:
out = []
for sym in conjuncts(to_cnf(conj)):
lit, pos = literal_symbol(sym), type(sym) is not Not
if pos:
out.extend([known_facts_keys.index(str(l))+1 for l in disjuncts(lit)])
else:
out.extend([-(known_facts_keys.index(str(l))+1) for l in disjuncts(lit)])
clauses.append(out)
n = len(known_facts_keys)
clauses.append([known_facts_keys.index(key)+1])
if not dpll_int_repr(clauses, range(1, n+1), {}):
return False
clauses[-1][0] = -clauses[-1][0]
if not dpll_int_repr(clauses, range(1, n+1), {}):
# if the negation is satisfiable, it is entailed
return True
del clauses
def _laplace_transform(f, t, s_, simplify=True):
""" The backend function for laplace transforms. """
from sympy import (re, Max, exp, pi, Abs, Min, periodic_argument as arg,
cos, Wild, symbols, polar_lift)
s = Dummy('s')
F = integrate(exp(-s * t) * f, (t, 0, oo))
if not F.has(Integral):
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), -oo, True
if not F.is_Piecewise:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f,
'could not compute integral')
F, cond = F.args[0]
if F.has(Integral):
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f,
'integral in unexpected form')
def process_conds(conds):
""" Turn ``conds`` into a strip and auxiliary conditions. """
a = -oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(conds))
u = Dummy('u', real=True)
p, q, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5 = symbols('p q w1 w2 w3 w4 w5',
cls=Wild,
exclude=[s])
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p * q, w1)) < w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p * q, w1)) <= w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((polar_lift(s + w3))**p * q, w1)) < w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(
abs(arg((polar_lift(s + w3))**p * q, w1)) <= w2)
if m:
if m[q] > 0 and m[w2] / m[p] == pi / 2:
d = re(s + m[w3]) > 0
m = d.match(
0 < cos(abs(arg(s**w1 * w5, q)) * w2) * abs(s**w3)**w4 - p)
if not m:
m = d.match(
0 < cos(abs(arg(polar_lift(s)**w1 * w5, q)) * w2) *
abs(s**w3)**w4 - p)
if m and all(m[wild] > 0 for wild in [w1, w2, w3, w4, w5]):
d = re(s) > m[p]
d_ = d.replace(re,
lambda x: x.expand().as_real_imag()[0]).subs(
re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
raise IntegralTransformError(
'Laplace', f, 'convergence not in half-plane?')
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo:
a = Max(a_, a)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return a, aux
conds = [process_conds(c) for c in disjuncts(cond)]
conds = filter(lambda x: x[1] is not False and x[0] != -oo, conds)
def cnt(expr):
if isinstance(expr, bool):
return 0
return expr.count_ops()
conds.sort(key=lambda x: (-x[0], cnt(x[1])))
if not conds:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f, 'no convergence found')
a, aux = conds[0]
def sbs(expr):
if isinstance(expr, bool):
return expr
return expr.subs(s, s_)
if simplify:
F = _simplifyconds(F, s, a)
aux = _simplifyconds(aux, s, a)
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), sbs(a), sbs(aux)
def test_disjuncts():
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == {A, B, C}
assert disjuncts((A | B) & C) == {(A | B) & C}
assert disjuncts(A) == {A}
assert disjuncts(True) == {True}
assert disjuncts(False) == {False}
def ask(expr, key, assumptions=True):
"""
Method for inferring properties about objects.
**Syntax**
* ask(expression, key)
* ask(expression, key, assumptions)
where expression is any SymPy expression
**Examples**
>>> from sympy import ask, Q, Assume, pi
>>> from sympy.abc import x, y
>>> ask(pi, Q.rational)
False
>>> ask(x*y, Q.even, Assume(x, Q.even) & Assume(y, Q.integer))
True
>>> ask(x*y, Q.prime, Assume(x, Q.integer) & Assume(y, Q.integer))
False
**Remarks**
Relations in assumptions are not implemented (yet), so the following
will not give a meaningful result.
>> ask(x, positive=True, Assume(x>0))
It is however a work in progress and should be available before
the official release
"""
expr = sympify(expr)
if type(key) is not Predicate:
key = getattr(Q, str(key))
assumptions = And(assumptions, And(*global_assumptions))
# direct resolution method, no logic
res = eval_predicate(key, expr, assumptions)
if res is not None:
return res
# use logic inference
if assumptions is True:
return
if not expr.is_Atom:
return
clauses = copy.deepcopy(known_facts_compiled)
assumptions = conjuncts(to_cnf(assumptions))
# add assumptions to the knowledge base
for assump in assumptions:
conj = eliminate_assume(assump, symbol=expr)
if conj:
for clause in conjuncts(to_cnf(conj)):
out = set()
for atom in disjuncts(clause):
lit, pos = literal_symbol(atom), type(atom) is not Not
if pos:
out.add(known_facts_keys.index(lit)+1)
else:
out.add(-(known_facts_keys.index(lit)+1))
clauses.append(out)
n = len(known_facts_keys)
clauses.append(set([known_facts_keys.index(key)+1]))
if not dpll_int_repr(clauses, set(range(1, n+1)), {}):
return False
clauses[-1] = set([-(known_facts_keys.index(key)+1)])
if not dpll_int_repr(clauses, set(range(1, n+1)), {}):
# if the negation is satisfiable, it is entailed
return True
del clauses
def _laplace_transform(f, t, s_, simplify=True):
""" The backend function for laplace transforms. """
from sympy import (re, Max, exp, pi, Abs, Min, periodic_argument as arg,
cos, Wild, symbols, polar_lift)
s = Dummy('s')
F = integrate(exp(-s*t) * f, (t, 0, oo))
if not F.has(Integral):
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), -oo, True
if not F.is_Piecewise:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f, 'could not compute integral')
F, cond = F.args[0]
if F.has(Integral):
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f, 'integral in unexpected form')
def process_conds(conds):
""" Turn ``conds`` into a strip and auxiliary conditions. """
a = -oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(conds))
u = Dummy('u', real=True)
p, q, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5 = symbols('p q w1 w2 w3 w4 w5', cls=Wild, exclude=[s])
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p*q, w1)) < w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((s + w3)**p*q, w1)) <= w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((polar_lift(s + w3))**p*q, w1)) < w2)
if not m:
m = d.match(abs(arg((polar_lift(s + w3))**p*q, w1)) <= w2)
if m:
if m[q] > 0 and m[w2]/m[p] == pi/2:
d = re(s + m[w3]) > 0
m = d.match(0 < cos(abs(arg(s**w1*w5, q))*w2)*abs(s**w3)**w4 - p)
if not m:
m = d.match(0 < cos(abs(arg(polar_lift(s)**w1*w5, q))*w2)*abs(s**w3)**w4 - p)
if m and all(m[wild] > 0 for wild in [w1, w2, w3, w4, w5]):
d = re(s) > m[p]
d_ = d.replace(re, lambda x: x.expand().as_real_imag()[0]).subs(re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or (d.rel_op != '<' and d.rel_op != '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
(soln.rel_op != '<' and soln.rel_op != '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lhs == t:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f,
'convergence not in half-plane?')
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lhs, a_)
if a_ != oo:
a = Max(a_, a)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return a, aux
conds = [process_conds(c) for c in disjuncts(cond)]
conds = filter(lambda x: x[1] is not False and x[0] != -oo, conds)
def cnt(expr):
if isinstance(expr, bool):
return 0
return expr.count_ops()
conds.sort(key=lambda x: (-x[0], cnt(x[1])))
if not conds:
raise IntegralTransformError('Laplace', f, 'no convergence found')
a, aux = conds[0]
def sbs(expr):
if isinstance(expr, bool):
return expr
return expr.subs(s, s_)
if simplify:
F = _simplifyconds(F, s, a)
aux = _simplifyconds(aux, s, a)
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), sbs(a), sbs(aux)
def test_disjuncts():
A, B, C = symbols('ABC')
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == [A, B, C]
def test_disjuncts():
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == set([A, B, C])
assert disjuncts((A | B) & C) == set([(A | B) & C])
assert disjuncts(A) == set([A])
assert disjuncts(True) == set([True])
assert disjuncts(False) == set([False])
def test_disjuncts():
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == set([A, B, C])
assert disjuncts((A | B) & C) == set([(A | B) & C])
assert disjuncts(A) == set([A])
assert disjuncts(True) == set([True])
assert disjuncts(False) == set([False])
def test_disjuncts():
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == {A, B, C}
assert disjuncts((A | B) & C) == {(A | B) & C}
assert disjuncts(A) == {A}
assert disjuncts(True) == {True}
assert disjuncts(False) == {False}
def _mellin_transform(f, x, s_, integrator=_default_integrator, simplify=True):
""" Backend function to compute mellin transforms. """
from sympy import re, Max, Min, count_ops
# We use a fresh dummy, because assumptions on s might drop conditions on
# convergence of the integral.
s = _dummy('s', 'mellin-transform', f)
F = integrator(x**(s-1) * f, x)
if not F.has(Integral):
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), (-oo, oo), True
if not F.is_Piecewise:
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f, 'could not compute integral')
F, cond = F.args[0]
if F.has(Integral):
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f, 'integral in unexpected form')
def process_conds(cond):
"""
Turn ``cond`` into a strip (a, b), and auxiliary conditions.
"""
a = -oo
b = oo
aux = True
conds = conjuncts(to_cnf(cond))
t = Dummy('t', real=True)
for c in conds:
a_ = oo
b_ = -oo
aux_ = []
for d in disjuncts(c):
d_ = d.replace(re, lambda x: x.as_real_imag()[0]).subs(re(s), t)
if not d.is_Relational or \
d.rel_op not in ('>', '>=', '<', '<=') \
or d_.has(s) or not d_.has(t):
aux_ += [d]
continue
soln = _solve_inequality(d_, t)
if not soln.is_Relational or \
soln.rel_op not in ('>', '>=', '<', '<='):
aux_ += [d]
continue
if soln.lts == t:
b_ = Max(soln.gts, b_)
else:
a_ = Min(soln.lts, a_)
if a_ != oo and a_ != b:
a = Max(a_, a)
elif b_ != -oo and b_ != a:
b = Min(b_, b)
else:
aux = And(aux, Or(*aux_))
return a, b, aux
conds = [process_conds(c) for c in disjuncts(cond)]
conds = filter(lambda x: x[2] is not False, conds)
conds.sort(key=lambda x: (x[0]-x[1], count_ops(x[2])))
if not conds:
raise IntegralTransformError('Mellin', f, 'no convergence found')
a, b, aux = conds[0]
return _simplify(F.subs(s, s_), simplify), (a, b), aux
def test_disjuncts():
A, B, C = symbols('ABC')
assert disjuncts(A | B | C) == [A, B, C]
def ask(expr, key, assumptions=True):
"""
Method for inferring properties about objects.
**Syntax**
* ask(expression, key)
* ask(expression, key, assumptions)
where expression is any SymPy expression
**Examples**
>>> from sympy import ask, Q, Assume, pi
>>> from sympy.abc import x, y
>>> ask(pi, Q.rational)
False
>>> ask(x*y, Q.even, Assume(x, Q.even) & Assume(y, Q.integer))
True
>>> ask(x*y, Q.prime, Assume(x, Q.integer) & Assume(y, Q.integer))
False
**Remarks**
Relations in assumptions are not implemented (yet), so the following
will not give a meaningful result.
>> ask(x, positive=True, Assume(x>0))
It is however a work in progress and should be available before
the official release
"""
expr = sympify(expr)
assumptions = And(assumptions, And(*global_assumptions))
# direct resolution method, no logic
resolutors = []
for handler in handlers_dict[key]:
resolutors.append(get_class(handler))
res, _res = None, None
mro = inspect.getmro(type(expr))
for handler in resolutors:
for subclass in mro:
if hasattr(handler, subclass.__name__):
res = getattr(handler, subclass.__name__)(expr, assumptions)
if _res is None:
_res = res
elif res is None:
# since first resolutor was conclusive, we keep that value
res = _res
else:
# only check consistency if both resolutors have concluded
if _res != res:
raise ValueError('incompatible resolutors')
break
if res is not None:
return res
if assumptions is True:
return
# use logic inference
if not expr.is_Atom:
return
clauses = copy.deepcopy(known_facts_compiled)
assumptions = conjuncts(to_cnf(assumptions))
# add assumptions to the knowledge base
for assump in assumptions:
conj = eliminate_assume(assump, symbol=expr)
if conj:
out = set()
for sym in conjuncts(to_cnf(conj)):
lit, pos = literal_symbol(sym), type(sym) is not Not
if pos:
out.update([
known_facts_keys.index(str(l)) + 1
for l in disjuncts(lit)
])
else:
out.update([
-(known_facts_keys.index(str(l)) + 1)
for l in disjuncts(lit)
])
clauses.append(out)
n = len(known_facts_keys)
clauses.append(set([known_facts_keys.index(key) + 1]))
if not dpll_int_repr(clauses, set(range(1, n + 1)), {}):
return False
clauses[-1] = set([-(known_facts_keys.index(key) + 1)])
if not dpll_int_repr(clauses, set(range(1, n + 1)), {}):
# if the negation is satisfiable, it is entailed
return True
del clauses