def time_sin():
z = TT.vector('z')
f_sin = theano.function([z], TT.sin(z))
def run():
f_sin([1., 2., 3.])
return run
def time_slicing():
z = TT.vector('z')
f_slice = theano.function([z], [z[:2], z[:]])
def run():
f_slice([1., 2., 3.])
return run
def time_slicing():
z = TT.vector('z')
f_slice = theano.function([z], [z[:2], z[:]])
def run():
f_slice([1., 2., 3.])
return run
def time_sin():
z = TT.vector('z')
f_sin = theano.function([z], TT.sin(z))
def run():
f_sin([1., 2., 3.])
return run
def time_noop():
# This is needed to make TensorFlow happy
TT.constant(0)
return theano.function([], [])
def main(model='mlp', num_epochs=500):
# Load the dataset
print("Loading data...")
X_train, y_train, X_val, y_val, X_test, y_test = load_dataset()
# Prepare Theano variables for inputs and targets
input_var = T.tensor4('inputs', fixed_shape=(128,) + X_train.shape[1:])
target_var = T.ivector('targets')
# Create neural network model (depending on first command line parameter)
print("Building model and compiling functions...")
if model == 'mlp':
network = build_mlp(input_var)
elif model.startswith('custom_mlp:'):
depth, width, drop_in, drop_hid = model.split(':', 1)[1].split(',')
network = build_custom_mlp(input_var, int(depth), int(width),
float(drop_in), float(drop_hid))
elif model == 'cnn':
network = build_cnn(input_var)
else:
print("Unrecognized model type %r." % model)
return
# Create a loss expression for training, i.e., a scalar objective we want
# to minimize (for our multi-class problem, it is the cross-entropy loss):
prediction = lasagne.layers.get_output(network)
loss = lasagne.objectives.categorical_crossentropy(prediction, target_var)
loss = T.mean(loss)
# We could add some weight decay as well here, see lasagne.regularization.
# Create update expressions for training, i.e., how to modify the
# parameters at each training step. Here, we'll use Stochastic Gradient
# Descent (SGD) with Nesterov momentum, but Lasagne offers plenty more.
params = lasagne.layers.get_all_params(network, trainable=True)
updates = lasagne.updates.nesterov_momentum(
loss, params, learning_rate=0.01, momentum=0.9)
# Create a loss expression for validation/testing. The crucial difference
# here is that we do a deterministic forward pass through the network,
# disabling dropout layers.
test_prediction = lasagne.layers.get_output(network, deterministic=True)
test_loss = lasagne.objectives.categorical_crossentropy(test_prediction,
target_var)
test_loss = T.mean(test_loss)
# As a bonus, also create an expression for the classification accuracy:
test_acc = T.mean(T.cast(T.eq(
T.cast(T.argmax(test_prediction, axis=1), 'int32'),
T.cast(target_var, 'int32')
), theano.config.floatX))
# Compile a function performing a training step on a mini-batch (by giving
# the updates dictionary) and returning the corresponding training loss:
train_fn = theano.function([input_var, target_var], loss, updates=updates)
# Compile a second function computing the validation loss and accuracy:
val_fn = theano.function([input_var, target_var], [test_loss, test_acc])
# Finally, launch the training loop.
print("Starting training...")
# We iterate over epochs:
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# In each epoch, we do a full pass over the training data:
train_err = 0
train_batches = 0
start_time = time.time()
for batch in iterate_minibatches(X_train, y_train, 128, shuffle=True):
inputs, targets = batch
train_err += train_fn(inputs, targets)
train_batches += 1
# And a full pass over the validation data:
val_err = 0
val_acc = 0
val_batches = 0
for batch in iterate_minibatches(X_val, y_val, 128, shuffle=False):
inputs, targets = batch
err, acc = val_fn(inputs, targets)
val_err += err
val_acc += acc
val_batches += 1
# Then we print the results for this epoch:
print("Epoch {} of {} took {:.3f}s".format(
epoch + 1, num_epochs, time.time() - start_time))
print(" training loss:\t\t{:.6f}".format(train_err / train_batches))
print(" validation loss:\t\t{:.6f}".format(val_err / val_batches))
print(" validation accuracy:\t\t{:.2f} %".format(
val_acc / val_batches * 100))
# After training, we compute and print the test error:
test_err = 0
test_acc = 0
test_batches = 0
for batch in iterate_minibatches(X_test, y_test, 128, shuffle=False):
inputs, targets = batch
err, acc = val_fn(inputs, targets)
test_err += err
test_acc += acc
test_batches += 1
print("Final results:")
print(" test loss:\t\t\t{:.6f}".format(test_err / test_batches))
print(" test accuracy:\t\t{:.2f} %".format(
test_acc / test_batches * 100))
def main(num_epochs=NUM_EPOCHS):
print("Building network ...")
# First, we build the network, starting with an input layer
# Recurrent layers expect input of shape
# (batch size, max sequence length, number of features)
l_in = lasagne.layers.InputLayer(shape=(N_BATCH, MAX_LENGTH, 2))
# The network also needs a way to provide a mask for each sequence. We'll
# use a separate input layer for that. Since the mask only determines
# which indices are part of the sequence for each batch entry, they are
# supplied as matrices of dimensionality (N_BATCH, MAX_LENGTH)
l_mask = lasagne.layers.InputLayer(shape=(N_BATCH, MAX_LENGTH))
# We're using a bidirectional network, which means we will combine two
# RecurrentLayers, one with the backwards=True keyword argument.
# Setting a value for grad_clipping will clip the gradients in the layer
# Setting only_return_final=True makes the layers only return their output
# for the final time step, which is all we need for this task
l_forward = lasagne.layers.RecurrentLayer(
l_in, N_HIDDEN, mask_input=l_mask, grad_clipping=GRAD_CLIP,
W_in_to_hid=lasagne.init.HeUniform(),
W_hid_to_hid=lasagne.init.HeUniform(),
nonlinearity=lasagne.nonlinearities.tanh, only_return_final=True)
l_backward = lasagne.layers.RecurrentLayer(
l_in, N_HIDDEN, mask_input=l_mask, grad_clipping=GRAD_CLIP,
W_in_to_hid=lasagne.init.HeUniform(),
W_hid_to_hid=lasagne.init.HeUniform(),
nonlinearity=lasagne.nonlinearities.tanh,
only_return_final=True, backwards=True)
# Now, we'll concatenate the outputs to combine them.
l_concat = lasagne.layers.ConcatLayer([l_forward, l_backward])
# Our output layer is a simple dense connection, with 1 output unit
l_out = lasagne.layers.DenseLayer(
l_concat, num_units=1, nonlinearity=lasagne.nonlinearities.tanh)
target_values = T.vector('target_output', fixed_shape=(N_BATCH,))
# lasagne.layers.get_output produces a variable for the output of the net
network_output = lasagne.layers.get_output(l_out)
# The network output will have shape (n_batch, 1); let's flatten to get a
# 1-dimensional vector of predicted values
predicted_values = T.flatten(network_output)
# Our cost will be mean-squared error
cost = T.mean(T.square(predicted_values - target_values))
# Retrieve all parameters from the network
all_params = lasagne.layers.get_all_params(l_out)
# Compute SGD updates for training
print("Computing updates ...")
updates = lasagne.updates.adagrad(cost, all_params, LEARNING_RATE)
# Theano functions for training and computing cost
print("Compiling functions ...")
import time
start_time = time.time()
train = theano.function([l_in.input_var, target_values, l_mask.input_var],
cost, updates=updates)
compute_cost = theano.function(
[l_in.input_var, target_values, l_mask.input_var], cost)
print("compiling took %f seconds" % (time.time() - start_time))
# We'll use this "validation set" to periodically check progress
X_val, y_val, mask_val = gen_data()
print("Training ...")
try:
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
import time
start_time = time.time()
for _ in range(EPOCH_SIZE):
X, y, m = gen_data()
train(X, y, m)
cost_val = compute_cost(X_val, y_val, mask_val)
print("Epoch {} validation cost = {}; spent {} seconds".format(epoch, cost_val, time.time() - start_time))
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
def time_noop():
# This is needed to make TensorFlow happy
TT.constant(0)
return theano.function([], [])
