def test_preference(self):
for i in range(3):
for j in range(2):
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm1.weighted_average()[i,j], 0.5)
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm2.weighted_average()[i,j], 0.5)
# To test the update function
self.fm1.update(self.a1,0.7)
self.fm2.update(self.a1,0.7)
for i in range(3):
for j in range(2):
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm1.weighted_average()[i,j], 0.6)
vect_sum = wrap(0,1,arg(exp(0.7*2*pi*1j)+exp(0.5*2*pi*1j))/(2*pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm2.weighted_average()[i,j],vect_sum)
# To test the keep_peak=True
self.fm1.update(self.a1,0.7)
self.fm2.update(self.a1,0.7)
for i in range(3):
for j in range(2):
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm1.weighted_average()[i,j], 0.6)
vect_sum =wrap(0,1,arg(exp(0.7*2*pi*1j)+exp(0.5*2*pi*1j))/(2*pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm2.weighted_average()[i,j],vect_sum)
self.fm1.update(self.a2,0.7)
self.fm2.update(self.a2,0.7)
for i in range(3):
for j in range(2):
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm1.weighted_average()[i,j], 0.65)
vect_sum =wrap(0,1,arg(3*exp(0.7*2*pi*1j)+exp(0.5*2*pi*1j))/(2*pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm2.weighted_average()[i,j],vect_sum)
# to even test more....
self.fm1.update(self.a3,0.9)
self.fm2.update(self.a3,0.9)
for i in range(3):
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm1.weighted_average()[i,0], 0.65)
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm1.weighted_average()[i,1], 0.7)
vect_sum = wrap(0,1,arg(3*exp(0.7*2*pi*1j)+exp(0.5*2*pi*1j))/(2*pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm2.weighted_average()[i,0],vect_sum)
vect_sum = wrap(0,1,arg(3*exp(0.7*2*pi*1j)+exp(0.5*2*pi*1j)+exp(0.9*2*pi*1j))/(2*pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(self.fm2.weighted_average()[i,1],vect_sum)
def measure_tae():
print "Measuring initial perception of all orientations..."
before=test_all_orientations(0.0,0.0)
pylab.figure(figsize=(5,5))
vectorplot(degrees(before.keys()), degrees(before.keys()),style="--") # add a dashed reference line
vectorplot(degrees(before.values()),degrees(before.keys()),\
title="Initial perceived values for each orientation")
print "Adapting to pi/2 gaussian at the center of retina for 90 iterations..."
for p in ["LateralExcitatory","LateralInhibitory","LGNOnAfferent","LGNOffAfferent"]:
# Value is just an approximate match to bednar:nc00; not calculated directly
topo.sim["V1"].projections(p).learning_rate = 0.005
inputs = [pattern.Gaussian(x = 0.0, y = 0.0, orientation = pi/2.0,
size=0.088388, aspect_ratio=4.66667, scale=1.0)]
topo.sim['Retina'].input_generator.generators = inputs
topo.sim.run(90)
print "Measuring adapted perception of all orientations..."
after=test_all_orientations(0.0,0.0)
before_vals = array(before.values())
after_vals = array(after.values())
diff_vals = before_vals-after_vals # Sign flipped to match conventions
pylab.figure(figsize=(5,5))
pylab.axvline(90.0)
pylab.axhline(0.0)
vectorplot(wrap(-90.0,90.0,degrees(diff_vals)),degrees(before.keys()),\
title="Difference from initial perceived value for each orientation")
def __call__(self, data, cyclic_range=1.0, **params):
p = ParamOverrides(self, params)
r, c = data.shape
dx = np.diff(data, 1, axis=1)[0:r - 1, 0:c - 1]
dy = np.diff(data, 1, axis=0)[0:r - 1, 0:c - 1]
if cyclic_range is not None: # Wrap into the specified range
# Convert negative differences to an equivalent positive value
dx = wrap(0, cyclic_range, dx)
dy = wrap(0, cyclic_range, dy)
#
# Make it increase as gradient reaches the halfway point,
# and decrease from there
dx = 0.5 * cyclic_range - np.abs(dx - 0.5 * cyclic_range)
dy = 0.5 * cyclic_range - np.abs(dy - 0.5 * cyclic_range)
return super(gradientplot, self).__call__(np.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy), **p)
def __call__(self, data, cyclic_range=1.0, **params):
p = ParamOverrides(self, params)
r, c = data.shape
dx = np.diff(data, 1, axis=1)[0:r - 1, 0:c - 1]
dy = np.diff(data, 1, axis=0)[0:r - 1, 0:c - 1]
if cyclic_range is not None: # Wrap into the specified range
# Convert negative differences to an equivalent positive value
dx = wrap(0, cyclic_range, dx)
dy = wrap(0, cyclic_range, dy)
#
# Make it increase as gradient reaches the halfway point,
# and decrease from there
dx = 0.5 * cyclic_range - np.abs(dx - 0.5 * cyclic_range)
dy = 0.5 * cyclic_range - np.abs(dy - 0.5 * cyclic_range)
return super(gradientplot, self).__call__(np.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy), **p)
def function(self,p):
"""Selects and returns one of the patterns in the list."""
int_index=int(len(p.generators)*wrap(0,1.0,p.index))
pg=p.generators[int_index]
image_array = pg(xdensity=p.xdensity,ydensity=p.ydensity,bounds=p.bounds,
x=p.x+p.size*(pg.x*cos(p.orientation)-pg.y*sin(p.orientation)),
y=p.y+p.size*(pg.x*sin(p.orientation)+pg.y*cos(p.orientation)),
orientation=pg.orientation+p.orientation,size=pg.size*p.size,
scale=pg.scale*p.scale,offset=pg.offset+p.offset)
return image_array
def vector_sum(self, d):
"""
Return the vector sum of the distribution as a tuple (magnitude, avgbinnum).
Each bin contributes a vector of length equal to its value, at
a direction corresponding to the bin number. Specifically,
the total bin number range is mapped into a direction range
[0,2pi].
For a cyclic distribution, the avgbinnum will be a continuous
measure analogous to the max_value_bin() of the distribution.
But this quantity has more precision than max_value_bin()
because it is computed from the entire distribution instead of
just the peak bin. However, it is likely to be useful only
for uniform or very dense sampling; with sparse, non-uniform
sampling the estimates will be biased significantly by the
particular samples chosen.
The avgbinnum is not meaningful when the magnitude is 0,
because a zero-length vector has no direction. To find out
whether such cases occurred, you can compare the value of
undefined_vals before and after a series of calls to this
function.
"""
# vectors are represented in polar form as complex numbers
h = d._data
r = h.values()
theta = d._bins_to_radians(array(h.keys()))
v_sum = innerproduct(r, exp(theta * 1j))
magnitude = abs(v_sum)
direction = arg(v_sum)
if v_sum == 0:
d.undefined_vals += 1
direction_radians = d._radians_to_bins(direction)
# wrap the direction because arctan2 returns principal values
wrapped_direction = wrap(d.axis_bounds[0], d.axis_bounds[1],
direction_radians)
return (magnitude, wrapped_direction)
def vector_sum(self, d ):
"""
Return the vector sum of the distribution as a tuple (magnitude, avgbinnum).
Each bin contributes a vector of length equal to its value, at
a direction corresponding to the bin number. Specifically,
the total bin number range is mapped into a direction range
[0,2pi].
For a cyclic distribution, the avgbinnum will be a continuous
measure analogous to the max_value_bin() of the distribution.
But this quantity has more precision than max_value_bin()
because it is computed from the entire distribution instead of
just the peak bin. However, it is likely to be useful only
for uniform or very dense sampling; with sparse, non-uniform
sampling the estimates will be biased significantly by the
particular samples chosen.
The avgbinnum is not meaningful when the magnitude is 0,
because a zero-length vector has no direction. To find out
whether such cases occurred, you can compare the value of
undefined_vals before and after a series of calls to this
function.
"""
# vectors are represented in polar form as complex numbers
h = d._data
r = h.values()
theta = d._bins_to_radians(array( h.keys() ))
v_sum = innerproduct(r, exp(theta*1j))
magnitude = abs(v_sum)
direction = arg(v_sum)
if v_sum == 0:
d.undefined_vals += 1
direction_radians = d._radians_to_bins(direction)
# wrap the direction because arctan2 returns principal values
wrapped_direction = wrap(d.axis_bounds[0], d.axis_bounds[1], direction_radians)
return (magnitude, wrapped_direction)
def measure_dae(scale=0.6):
print "Measuring initial perception of all directions..."
before=test_all_directions(0.0,0.0,scale)
pylab.figure(figsize=(5,5))
vectorplot(degrees(before.keys()), degrees(before.keys()),style="--") # add a dashed reference line
vectorplot(degrees(before.values()),degrees(before.keys()),\
title="Initial perceived values for each direction")
print "Adapting to pi/2 gaussian at the center of retina for 90 iterations..."
for p in ["LateralExcitatory","LateralInhibitory",
"LGNOnAfferent0","LGNOffAfferent0",
"LGNOnAfferent1","LGNOffAfferent1",
"LGNOnAfferent2","LGNOffAfferent2",
"LGNOnAfferent3","LGNOffAfferent3"]:
# Value is just an approximate match to bednar:nc00; not calculated directly
topo.sim["V1"].projections(p).learning_rate = 0.005
## g = pattern.Gaussian(x=0.0,y=0.0,orientation=pi/2.0,size=0.088388,
## aspect_ratio=4.66667,scale=1.0)
g = pattern.SineGrating(frequency=2.4,phase=0.0,orientation=pi/2,scale=scale)
for j in range(4):
topo.sim['Retina%s'%j].set_input_generator(pattern.Sweeper(
generator=copy.deepcopy(g),
speed=2.0/24.0,
step=j))
topo.sim.run(90)
print "Measuring adapted perception of all directions..."
after=test_all_directions(0.0,0.0,scale)
before_vals = array(before.values())
after_vals = array(after.values())
diff_vals = before_vals-after_vals # Sign flipped to match conventions
pylab.figure(figsize=(5,5))
pylab.axvline(180.0)
pylab.axhline(0.0)
vectorplot(wrap(-2*90.0,2*90.0,degrees(diff_vals)),degrees(before.keys()),\
title="Difference from initial perceived value for each direction")
def test_preference(self):
for i in range(3):
for j in range(2):
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm1)[i, j], 0.5)
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm2)[i, j], 0.5)
# To test the update function
self.fm1.update(self.a1, 0.7)
self.fm2.update(self.a1, 0.7)
for i in range(3):
for j in range(2):
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm1)[i, j], 0.6)
vect_sum = wrap(
0, 1,
arg(exp(0.7 * 2 * pi * 1j) + exp(0.5 * 2 * pi * 1j)) /
(2 * pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(
weighted_average(self.fm2)[i, j], vect_sum)
# To test the keep_peak=True
self.fm1.update(self.a1, 0.7)
self.fm2.update(self.a1, 0.7)
for i in range(3):
for j in range(2):
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm1)[i, j], 0.6)
vect_sum = wrap(
0, 1,
arg(exp(0.7 * 2 * pi * 1j) + exp(0.5 * 2 * pi * 1j)) /
(2 * pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(
weighted_average(self.fm2)[i, j], vect_sum)
self.fm1.update(self.a2, 0.7)
self.fm2.update(self.a2, 0.7)
for i in range(3):
for j in range(2):
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm1)[i, j], 0.65)
vect_sum = wrap(
0, 1,
arg(3 * exp(0.7 * 2 * pi * 1j) + exp(0.5 * 2 * pi * 1j)) /
(2 * pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(
weighted_average(self.fm2)[i, j], vect_sum)
# to even test more....
self.fm1.update(self.a3, 0.9)
self.fm2.update(self.a3, 0.9)
for i in range(3):
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm1)[i, 0], 0.65)
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm1)[i, 1], 0.7)
vect_sum = wrap(
0, 1,
arg(3 * exp(0.7 * 2 * pi * 1j) + exp(0.5 * 2 * pi * 1j)) /
(2 * pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm2)[i, 0], vect_sum)
vect_sum = wrap(
0, 1,
arg(3 * exp(0.7 * 2 * pi * 1j) + exp(0.5 * 2 * pi * 1j) +
exp(0.9 * 2 * pi * 1j)) / (2 * pi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(weighted_average(self.fm2)[i, 1], vect_sum)
def get_current_generator(self):
"""Return the current generator (as specified by self.index)."""
int_index=int(len(self.generators)*wrap(0,1.0,self.inspect_value('index')))
return self.generators[int_index]