def prev(self):
if self.current_page is None:
raise TweepError('Can not go back more, at first page')
if self.page_index == 0:
# At the beginning of the current page, move to next...
self.current_page = self.page_iterator.prev()
self.page_index = len(self.current_page)
if self.page_index == 0:
raise TweepError('No more items')
self.page_index -= 1
self.count -= 1
return self.current_page[self.page_index]
def get_xauth_access_token(self, username, password):
"""
Get an access token from an username and password combination.
In order to get this working you need to create an app at
http://twitter.com/apps, after that send a mail to [email protected]
and request activation of xAuth for it.
"""
try:
url = self._get_oauth_url('access_token', secure=True) # must use HTTPS
request = oauth.OAuthRequest.from_consumer_and_token(
oauth_consumer=self._consumer,
http_method='POST', http_url=url,
parameters = {
'x_auth_mode': 'client_auth',
'x_auth_username': username,
'x_auth_password': password
}
)
request.sign_request(self._sigmethod, self._consumer, None)
resp = urlopen(Request(url, data=request.to_postdata()))
self.access_token = oauth.OAuthToken.from_string(resp.read())
return self.access_token
except Exception, e:
raise TweepError(e)
def prev(self):
if self.prev_cursor == 0:
raise TweepError('Can not page back more, at first page')
data, self.next_cursor, self.prev_cursor = self.method(
cursor=self.prev_cursor, *self.args, **self.kargs
)
self.count -= 1
return data
def __init__(self, method, *args, **kargs):
if hasattr(method, 'pagination_mode'):
if method.pagination_mode == 'cursor':
self.iterator = CursorIterator(method, args, kargs)
else:
self.iterator = PageIterator(method, args, kargs)
else:
raise TweepError('This method does not perform pagination')
def execute(self):
# Build the request URL
url = self.api_root + self.path
if len(self.parameters):
url = '%s?%s' % (url, urllib.urlencode(self.parameters))
# Query the cache if one is available
# and this request uses a GET method.
if self.use_cache and self.api.cache and self.method == 'GET':
cache_result = self.api.cache.get(url)
# if cache result found and not expired, return it
if cache_result:
# must restore api reference
if isinstance(cache_result, list):
for result in cache_result:
if isinstance(result, Model):
result._api = self.api
else:
if isinstance(cache_result, Model):
cache_result._api = self.api
return cache_result
# Continue attempting request until successful
# or maximum number of retries is reached.
retries_performed = 0
while retries_performed < self.retry_count + 1:
# Open connection
# FIXME: add timeout
if self.api.secure:
conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection(self.host)
else:
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(self.host)
# Apply authentication
if self.api.auth:
self.api.auth.apply_auth(self.scheme + self.host + url,
self.method, self.headers,
self.parameters)
# Execute request
try:
conn.request(self.method,
url,
headers=self.headers,
body=self.post_data)
resp = conn.getresponse()
except Exception, e:
raise TweepError('Failed to send request: %s' % e)
# Exit request loop if non-retry error code
if self.retry_errors:
if resp.status not in self.retry_errors: break
else:
if resp.status == 200: break
# Sleep before retrying request again
time.sleep(self.retry_delay)
retries_performed += 1
def get_username(self):
if self.username is None:
api = API(self)
user = api.verify_credentials()
if user:
self.username = user.screen_name
else:
raise TweepError("Unable to get username, invalid oauth token!")
return self.username
def _get_request_token(self):
try:
url = self._get_oauth_url('request_token')
request = oauth.OAuthRequest.from_consumer_and_token(
self._consumer, http_url=url, callback=self.callback
)
request.sign_request(self._sigmethod, self._consumer, None)
resp = urlopen(Request(url, headers=request.to_header()))
return oauth.OAuthToken.from_string(resp.read())
except Exception, e:
raise TweepError(e)
def build_parameters(self, args, kargs):
self.parameters = {}
for idx, arg in enumerate(args):
if arg is None:
continue
try:
self.parameters[
self.allowed_param[idx]] = convert_to_utf8_str(arg)
except IndexError:
raise TweepError('Too many parameters supplied!')
for k, arg in kargs.items():
if arg is None:
continue
if k in self.parameters:
raise TweepError(
'Multiple values for parameter %s supplied!' % k)
self.parameters[k] = convert_to_utf8_str(arg)
def _pack_image(filename, max_size):
"""Pack image from file into multipart-formdata post body"""
# image must be less than 700kb in size
try:
if os.path.getsize(filename) > (max_size * 1024):
raise TweepError('File is too big, must be less than 700kb.')
except os.error:
raise TweepError('Unable to access file')
# image must be gif, jpeg, or png
file_type = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
if file_type is None:
raise TweepError('Could not determine file type')
file_type = file_type[0]
if file_type not in ['image/gif', 'image/jpeg', 'image/png']:
raise TweepError('Invalid file type for image: %s' % file_type)
# build the mulitpart-formdata body
fp = open(filename, 'rb')
BOUNDARY = 'Tw3ePy'
body = []
body.append('--' + BOUNDARY)
body.append(
'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="image"; filename="%s"' %
filename)
body.append('Content-Type: %s' % file_type)
body.append('')
body.append(fp.read())
body.append('--' + BOUNDARY + '--')
body.append('')
fp.close()
body = '\r\n'.join(body)
# build headers
headers = {
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=Tw3ePy',
'Content-Length': str(len(body))
}
return headers, body
def build_path(self):
for variable in re_path_template.findall(self.path):
name = variable.strip('{}')
if name == 'user' and 'user' not in self.parameters and self.api.auth:
# No 'user' parameter provided, fetch it from Auth instead.
value = self.api.auth.get_username()
else:
try:
value = urllib.quote(self.parameters[name])
except KeyError:
raise TweepError(
'No parameter value found for path variable: %s' %
name)
del self.parameters[name]
self.path = self.path.replace(variable, value)
def get_authorization_url(self, signin_with_twitter=False):
"""Get the authorization URL to redirect the user"""
try:
# get the request token
self.request_token = self._get_request_token()
# build auth request and return as url
if signin_with_twitter:
url = self._get_oauth_url('authenticate')
else:
url = self._get_oauth_url('authorize')
request = oauth.OAuthRequest.from_token_and_callback(
token=self.request_token, http_url=url
)
return request.to_url()
except Exception, e:
raise TweepError(e)
def get_access_token(self, verifier=None):
"""
After user has authorized the request token, get access token
with user supplied verifier.
"""
try:
url = self._get_oauth_url('access_token')
# build request
request = oauth.OAuthRequest.from_consumer_and_token(
self._consumer,
token=self.request_token, http_url=url,
verifier=str(verifier)
)
request.sign_request(self._sigmethod, self._consumer, self.request_token)
# send request
resp = urlopen(Request(url, headers=request.to_header()))
self.access_token = oauth.OAuthToken.from_string(resp.read())
return self.access_token
except Exception, e:
raise TweepError(e)
def __init__(self, api, args, kargs):
# If authentication is required and no credentials
# are provided, throw an error.
if self.require_auth and not api.auth:
raise TweepError('Authentication required!')
self.api = api
self.post_data = kargs.pop('post_data', None)
self.retry_count = kargs.pop('retry_count', api.retry_count)
self.retry_delay = kargs.pop('retry_delay', api.retry_delay)
self.retry_errors = kargs.pop('retry_errors', api.retry_errors)
self.headers = kargs.pop('headers', {})
self.build_parameters(args, kargs)
# Pick correct URL root to use
if self.search_api:
self.api_root = api.search_root
else:
self.api_root = api.api_root
# Perform any path variable substitution
self.build_path()
if api.secure:
self.scheme = 'https://'
else:
self.scheme = 'http://'
if self.search_api:
self.host = api.search_host
else:
self.host = api.host
# Manually set Host header to fix an issue in python 2.5
# or older where Host is set including the 443 port.
# This causes Twitter to issue 301 redirect.
# See Issue https://github.com/tweepy/tweepy/issues/12
self.headers['Host'] = self.host
def parse(self, method, payload):
try:
if method.payload_type is None: return
model = getattr(self.model_factory, method.payload_type)
except AttributeError:
raise TweepError('No model for this payload type: %s' %
method.payload_type)
json = JSONParser.parse(self, method, payload)
if isinstance(json, tuple):
json, cursors = json
else:
cursors = None
if method.payload_list:
result = model.parse_list(method.api, json)
else:
result = model.parse(method.api, json)
if cursors:
return result, cursors
else:
return result
def prev(self):
if (self.current_page == 1):
raise TweepError('Can not page back more, at first page')
self.current_page -= 1
return self.method(page=self.current_page, *self.args, **self.kargs)
class APIMethod(object):
path = config['path']
payload_type = config.get('payload_type', None)
payload_list = config.get('payload_list', False)
allowed_param = config.get('allowed_param', [])
method = config.get('method', 'GET')
require_auth = config.get('require_auth', False)
search_api = config.get('search_api', False)
use_cache = config.get('use_cache', True)
def __init__(self, api, args, kargs):
# If authentication is required and no credentials
# are provided, throw an error.
if self.require_auth and not api.auth:
raise TweepError('Authentication required!')
self.api = api
self.post_data = kargs.pop('post_data', None)
self.retry_count = kargs.pop('retry_count', api.retry_count)
self.retry_delay = kargs.pop('retry_delay', api.retry_delay)
self.retry_errors = kargs.pop('retry_errors', api.retry_errors)
self.headers = kargs.pop('headers', {})
self.build_parameters(args, kargs)
# Pick correct URL root to use
if self.search_api:
self.api_root = api.search_root
else:
self.api_root = api.api_root
# Perform any path variable substitution
self.build_path()
if api.secure:
self.scheme = 'https://'
else:
self.scheme = 'http://'
if self.search_api:
self.host = api.search_host
else:
self.host = api.host
# Manually set Host header to fix an issue in python 2.5
# or older where Host is set including the 443 port.
# This causes Twitter to issue 301 redirect.
# See Issue https://github.com/tweepy/tweepy/issues/12
self.headers['Host'] = self.host
def build_parameters(self, args, kargs):
self.parameters = {}
for idx, arg in enumerate(args):
if arg is None:
continue
try:
self.parameters[
self.allowed_param[idx]] = convert_to_utf8_str(arg)
except IndexError:
raise TweepError('Too many parameters supplied!')
for k, arg in kargs.items():
if arg is None:
continue
if k in self.parameters:
raise TweepError(
'Multiple values for parameter %s supplied!' % k)
self.parameters[k] = convert_to_utf8_str(arg)
def build_path(self):
for variable in re_path_template.findall(self.path):
name = variable.strip('{}')
if name == 'user' and 'user' not in self.parameters and self.api.auth:
# No 'user' parameter provided, fetch it from Auth instead.
value = self.api.auth.get_username()
else:
try:
value = urllib.quote(self.parameters[name])
except KeyError:
raise TweepError(
'No parameter value found for path variable: %s' %
name)
del self.parameters[name]
self.path = self.path.replace(variable, value)
def execute(self):
# Build the request URL
url = self.api_root + self.path
if len(self.parameters):
url = '%s?%s' % (url, urllib.urlencode(self.parameters))
# Query the cache if one is available
# and this request uses a GET method.
if self.use_cache and self.api.cache and self.method == 'GET':
cache_result = self.api.cache.get(url)
# if cache result found and not expired, return it
if cache_result:
# must restore api reference
if isinstance(cache_result, list):
for result in cache_result:
if isinstance(result, Model):
result._api = self.api
else:
if isinstance(cache_result, Model):
cache_result._api = self.api
return cache_result
# Continue attempting request until successful
# or maximum number of retries is reached.
retries_performed = 0
while retries_performed < self.retry_count + 1:
# Open connection
# FIXME: add timeout
if self.api.secure:
conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection(self.host)
else:
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(self.host)
# Apply authentication
if self.api.auth:
self.api.auth.apply_auth(self.scheme + self.host + url,
self.method, self.headers,
self.parameters)
# Execute request
try:
conn.request(self.method,
url,
headers=self.headers,
body=self.post_data)
resp = conn.getresponse()
except Exception, e:
raise TweepError('Failed to send request: %s' % e)
# Exit request loop if non-retry error code
if self.retry_errors:
if resp.status not in self.retry_errors: break
else:
if resp.status == 200: break
# Sleep before retrying request again
time.sleep(self.retry_delay)
retries_performed += 1
# If an error was returned, throw an exception
self.api.last_response = resp
if resp.status != 200:
try:
error_msg = self.api.parser.parse_error(resp.read())
except Exception:
error_msg = "Twitter error response: status code = %s" % resp.status
raise TweepError(error_msg, resp)
# Parse the response payload
result = self.api.parser.parse(self, resp.read())
conn.close()
# Store result into cache if one is available.
if self.use_cache and self.api.cache and self.method == 'GET' and result:
self.api.cache.store(url, result)
return result
def _start(self, async):
self.running = True
if async:
Thread(target=self._run).start()
else:
self._run()
def on_closed(self, resp):
""" Called when the response has been closed by Twitter """
pass
def userstream(self, count=None, async=False, secure=True):
self.parameters = {'delimited': 'length'}
if self.running:
raise TweepError('Stream object already connected!')
self.url = '/2/user.json?delimited=length'
self.host = 'userstream.twitter.com'
self._start(async)
def firehose(self, count=None, async=False):
self.parameters = {'delimited': 'length'}
if self.running:
raise TweepError('Stream object already connected!')
self.url = '/%s/statuses/firehose.json?delimited=length' % STREAM_VERSION
if count:
self.url += '&count=%s' % count
self._start(async)
def retweet(self, async=False):
self.parameters = {'delimited': 'length'}
def parse(self, method, payload):
try:
json = self.json_lib.loads(payload)
except Exception, e:
raise TweepError('Failed to parse JSON payload: %s' % e)
