def get_shape(self):
if self.z:
if ":" in self.z:
shapez = int(self.z.split(":")[1])
shape = _expand_shape(self.shape, 2) + (shapez, )
else:
shape = _expand_shape(self.shape, 3)
return shape
else:
return super(Plot2dDefault, self).get_shape()
def get_vshape(self):
return _expand_shape(self.vshape, len(self.get_binby()))
def plot(
self,
x=None,
y=None,
z=None,
what="count(*)",
vwhat=None,
reduce=["colormap"],
f=None,
normalize="normalize",
normalize_axis="what",
vmin=None,
vmax=None,
shape=256,
vshape=32,
limits=None,
grid=None,
colormap="afmhot", # colors=["red", "green", "blue"],
figsize=None,
xlabel=None,
ylabel=None,
aspect="auto",
tight_layout=True,
interpolation="nearest",
show=False,
colorbar=True,
colorbar_label=None,
selection=None,
selection_labels=None,
title=None,
background_color="white",
pre_blend=False,
background_alpha=1.,
visual=dict(x="x",
y="y",
layer="z",
fade="selection",
row="subspace",
column="what"),
smooth_pre=None,
smooth_post=None,
wrap=True,
wrap_columns=4,
return_extra=False,
hardcopy=None):
"""Viz data in a 2d histogram/heatmap.
Declarative plotting of statistical plots using matplotlib, supports subplots, selections, layers.
Instead of passing x and y, pass a list as x argument for multiple panels. Give what a list of options to have multiple
panels. When both are present then will be origanized in a column/row order.
This methods creates a 6 dimensional 'grid', where each dimension can map the a visual dimension.
The grid dimensions are:
* x: shape determined by shape, content by x argument or the first dimension of each space
* y: ,,
* z: related to the z argument
* selection: shape equals length of selection argument
* what: shape equals length of what argument
* space: shape equals length of x argument if multiple values are given
By default, this its shape is (1, 1, 1, 1, shape, shape) (where x is the last dimension)
The visual dimensions are
* x: x coordinate on a plot / image (default maps to grid's x)
* y: y ,, (default maps to grid's y)
* layer: each image in this dimension is blended togeher to one image (default maps to z)
* fade: each image is shown faded after the next image (default mapt to selection)
* row: rows of subplots (default maps to space)
* columns: columns of subplot (default maps to what)
All these mappings can be changes by the visual argument, some examples:
>>> df.plot('x', 'y', what=['mean(x)', 'correlation(vx, vy)'])
Will plot each 'what' as a column.
>>> df.plot('x', 'y', selection=['FeH < -3', '(FeH >= -3) & (FeH < -2)'], visual=dict(column='selection'))
Will plot each selection as a column, instead of a faded on top of each other.
:param x: Expression to bin in the x direction (by default maps to x), or list of pairs, like [['x', 'y'], ['x', 'z']], if multiple pairs are given, this dimension maps to rows by default
:param y: y (by default maps to y)
:param z: Expression to bin in the z direction, followed by a :start,end,shape signature, like 'FeH:-3,1:5' will produce 5 layers between -10 and 10 (by default maps to layer)
:param what: What to plot, count(*) will show a N-d histogram, mean('x'), the mean of the x column, sum('x') the sum, std('x') the standard deviation, correlation('vx', 'vy') the correlation coefficient. Can also be a list of values, like ['count(x)', std('vx')], (by default maps to column)
:param reduce:
:param f: transform values by: 'identity' does nothing 'log' or 'log10' will show the log of the value
:param normalize: normalization function, currently only 'normalize' is supported
:param normalize_axis: which axes to normalize on, None means normalize by the global maximum.
:param vmin: instead of automatic normalization, (using normalize and normalization_axis) scale the data between vmin and vmax to [0, 1]
:param vmax: see vmin
:param shape: shape/size of the n-D histogram grid
:param limits: list of [[xmin, xmax], [ymin, ymax]], or a description such as 'minmax', '99%'
:param grid: if the binning is done before by yourself, you can pass it
:param colormap: matplotlib colormap to use
:param figsize: (x, y) tuple passed to pylab.figure for setting the figure size
:param xlabel:
:param ylabel:
:param aspect:
:param tight_layout: call pylab.tight_layout or not
:param colorbar: plot a colorbar or not
:param interpolation: interpolation for imshow, possible options are: 'nearest', 'bilinear', 'bicubic', see matplotlib for more
:param return_extra:
:return:
"""
import pylab
import matplotlib
n = _parse_n(normalize)
if type(shape) == int:
shape = (shape, ) * 2
binby = []
x = _ensure_strings_from_expressions(x)
y = _ensure_strings_from_expressions(y)
for expression in [y, x]:
if expression is not None:
binby = [expression] + binby
fig = pylab.gcf()
if figsize is not None:
fig.set_size_inches(*figsize)
import re
what_units = None
whats = _ensure_list(what)
selections = _ensure_list(selection)
selections = _ensure_strings_from_expressions(selections)
if y is None:
waslist, [
x,
] = vaex.utils.listify(x)
else:
waslist, [x, y] = vaex.utils.listify(x, y)
x = list(zip(x, y))
limits = [limits]
# every plot has its own vwhat for now
vwhats = _expand_limits(vwhat,
len(x)) # TODO: we're abusing this function..
logger.debug("x: %s", x)
limits, shape = self.limits(x, limits, shape=shape)
shape = shape[0]
logger.debug("limits: %r", limits)
# mapping of a grid axis to a label
labels = {}
shape = _expand_shape(shape, 2)
vshape = _expand_shape(shape, 2)
if z is not None:
match = re.match("(.*):(.*),(.*),(.*)", z)
if match:
groups = match.groups()
import ast
z_expression = groups[0]
logger.debug("found groups: %r", list(groups))
z_limits = [
ast.literal_eval(groups[1]),
ast.literal_eval(groups[2])
]
z_shape = ast.literal_eval(groups[3])
# for pair in x:
x = [[z_expression] + list(k) for k in x]
limits = np.array([[z_limits] + list(k) for k in limits])
shape = (z_shape, ) + shape
vshape = (z_shape, ) + vshape
logger.debug("x = %r", x)
values = np.linspace(z_limits[0], z_limits[1], num=z_shape + 1)
labels["z"] = list([
"%s <= %s < %s" % (v1, z_expression, v2)
for v1, v2 in zip(values[:-1], values[1:])
])
else:
raise ValueError(
"Could not understand 'z' argument %r, expected something in form: 'column:-1,10:5'"
% facet)
else:
z_shape = 1
# z == 1
if z is None:
total_grid = np.zeros((len(x), len(whats), len(selections), 1) + shape,
dtype=float)
total_vgrid = np.zeros(
(len(x), len(whats), len(selections), 1) + vshape, dtype=float)
else:
total_grid = np.zeros((len(x), len(whats), len(selections)) + shape,
dtype=float)
total_vgrid = np.zeros((len(x), len(whats), len(selections)) + vshape,
dtype=float)
logger.debug("shape of total grid: %r", total_grid.shape)
axis = dict(plot=0, what=1, selection=2)
xlimits = limits
grid_axes = dict(x=-1, y=-2, z=-3, selection=-4, what=-5, subspace=-6)
visual_axes = dict(x=-1, y=-2, layer=-3, fade=-4, column=-5, row=-6)
# visual_default=dict(x="x", y="y", z="layer", selection="fade", subspace="row", what="column")
# visual: mapping of a plot axis, to a grid axis
visual_default = dict(x="x",
y="y",
layer="z",
fade="selection",
row="subspace",
column="what")
def invert(x):
return dict((v, k) for k, v in x.items())
# visual_default_reverse = invert(visual_default)
# visual_ = visual_default
# visual = dict(visual) # copy for modification
# add entries to avoid mapping multiple times to the same axis
free_visual_axes = list(visual_default.keys())
# visual_reverse = invert(visual)
logger.debug("1: %r %r", visual, free_visual_axes)
for visual_name, grid_name in visual.items():
if visual_name in free_visual_axes:
free_visual_axes.remove(visual_name)
else:
raise ValueError("visual axes %s used multiple times" %
visual_name)
logger.debug("2: %r %r", visual, free_visual_axes)
for visual_name, grid_name in visual_default.items():
if visual_name in free_visual_axes and grid_name not in visual.values(
):
free_visual_axes.remove(visual_name)
visual[visual_name] = grid_name
logger.debug("3: %r %r", visual, free_visual_axes)
for visual_name, grid_name in visual_default.items():
if visual_name not in free_visual_axes and grid_name not in visual.values(
):
visual[free_visual_axes.pop(0)] = grid_name
logger.debug("4: %r %r", visual, free_visual_axes)
visual_reverse = invert(visual)
# TODO: the meaning of visual and visual_reverse is changed below this line, super confusing
visual, visual_reverse = visual_reverse, visual
# so now, visual: mapping of a grid axis to plot axis
# visual_reverse: mapping of a grid axis to plot axis
move = {}
for grid_name, visual_name in visual.items():
if visual_axes[visual_name] in visual.values():
index = visual.values().find(visual_name)
key = visual.keys()[index]
raise ValueError(
"trying to map %s to %s while, it is already mapped by %s" %
(grid_name, visual_name, key))
move[grid_axes[grid_name]] = visual_axes[visual_name]
# normalize_axis = _ensure_list(normalize_axis)
fs = _expand(f, total_grid.shape[grid_axes[normalize_axis]])
# assert len(vwhat)
# labels["y"] = ylabels
what_labels = []
if grid is None:
grid_of_grids = []
for i, (binby, limits) in enumerate(zip(x, xlimits)):
grid_of_grids.append([])
for j, what in enumerate(whats):
if isinstance(what, vaex.stat.Expression):
grid = what.calculate(self,
binby=binby,
shape=shape,
limits=limits,
selection=selections,
delay=True)
else:
what = what.strip()
index = what.index("(")
import re
groups = re.match("(.*)\((.*)\)", what).groups()
if groups and len(groups) == 2:
function = groups[0]
arguments = groups[1].strip()
if "," in arguments:
arguments = arguments.split(",")
functions = [
"mean", "sum", "std", "var", "correlation",
"covar", "min", "max", "median_approx"
]
unit_expression = None
if function in [
"mean", "sum", "std", "min", "max", "median"
]:
unit_expression = arguments
if function in ["var"]:
unit_expression = "(%s) * (%s)" % (arguments,
arguments)
if function in ["covar"]:
unit_expression = "(%s) * (%s)" % arguments
if unit_expression:
unit = self.unit(unit_expression)
if unit:
what_units = unit.to_string('latex_inline')
if function in functions:
grid = getattr(self,
function)(arguments,
binby=binby,
limits=limits,
shape=shape,
selection=selections,
delay=True)
elif function == "count":
grid = self.count(arguments,
binby,
shape=shape,
limits=limits,
selection=selections,
delay=True)
else:
raise ValueError(
"Could not understand method: %s, expected one of %r'"
% (function, functions))
else:
raise ValueError(
"Could not understand 'what' argument %r, expected something in form: 'count(*)', 'mean(x)'"
% what)
if i == 0: # and j == 0:
what_label = str(whats[j])
if what_units:
what_label += " (%s)" % what_units
if fs[j]:
what_label = fs[j] + " " + what_label
what_labels.append(what_label)
grid_of_grids[-1].append(grid)
self.executor.execute()
for i, (binby, limits) in enumerate(zip(x, xlimits)):
for j, what in enumerate(whats):
grid = grid_of_grids[i][j].get()
total_grid[i, j, :, :] = grid[:, None, ...]
labels["what"] = what_labels
else:
dims_left = 6 - len(grid.shape)
total_grid = np.broadcast_to(grid, (1, ) * dims_left + grid.shape)
# visual=dict(x="x", y="y", selection="fade", subspace="facet1", what="facet2",)
def _selection_name(name):
if name in [None, False]:
return "selection: all"
elif name in ["default", True]:
return "selection: default"
else:
return "selection: %s" % name
if selection_labels is None:
labels["selection"] = list([_selection_name(k) for k in selections])
else:
labels["selection"] = selection_labels
# visual_grid = np.moveaxis(total_grid, move.keys(), move.values())
# np.moveaxis is in np 1.11 only?, use transpose
axes = [None] * len(move)
for key, value in move.items():
axes[value] = key
visual_grid = np.transpose(total_grid, axes)
logger.debug("grid shape: %r", total_grid.shape)
logger.debug("visual: %r", visual.items())
logger.debug("move: %r", move)
logger.debug("visual grid shape: %r", visual_grid.shape)
xexpressions = []
yexpressions = []
for i, (binby, limits) in enumerate(zip(x, xlimits)):
xexpressions.append(binby[0])
yexpressions.append(binby[1])
if xlabel is None:
xlabels = []
ylabels = []
for i, (binby, limits) in enumerate(zip(x, xlimits)):
if z is not None:
xlabels.append(self.label(binby[1]))
ylabels.append(self.label(binby[2]))
else:
xlabels.append(self.label(binby[0]))
ylabels.append(self.label(binby[1]))
else:
Nl = visual_grid.shape[visual_axes['row']]
xlabels = _expand(xlabel, Nl)
ylabels = _expand(ylabel, Nl)
#labels[visual["x"]] = (xlabels, ylabels)
labels["x"] = xlabels
labels["y"] = ylabels
# grid = total_grid
# print(grid.shape)
# grid = self.reduce(grid, )
axes = []
# cax = pylab.subplot(1,1,1)
background_color = np.array(
matplotlib.colors.colorConverter.to_rgb(background_color))
# if grid.shape[axis["selection"]] > 1:# and not facet:
# rgrid = vaex.image.fade(rgrid)
# finite_mask = np.any(finite_mask, axis=0) # do we really need this
# print(rgrid.shape)
# facet_row_axis = axis["what"]
import math
facet_columns = None
facets = visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["row"]] * visual_grid.shape[
visual_axes["column"]]
if visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]] == 1 and wrap:
facet_columns = min(wrap_columns,
visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["row"]])
wrapped = True
elif visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["row"]] == 1 and wrap:
facet_columns = min(wrap_columns,
visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]])
wrapped = True
else:
wrapped = False
facet_columns = visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]]
facet_rows = int(math.ceil(facets / facet_columns))
logger.debug("facet_rows: %r", facet_rows)
logger.debug("facet_columns: %r", facet_columns)
# if visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["row"]] > 1: # and not wrap:
# #facet_row_axis = axis["what"]
# facet_columns = visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]]
# else:
# facet_columns = min(wrap_columns, facets)
# if grid.shape[axis["plot"]] > 1:# and not facet:
# this loop could be done using axis arguments everywhere
# assert len(normalize_axis) == 1, "currently only 1 normalization axis supported"
grid = visual_grid * 1.
fgrid = visual_grid * 1.
ngrid = visual_grid * 1.
# colorgrid = np.zeros(ngrid.shape + (4,), float)
# print "norma", normalize_axis, visual_grid.shape[visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]]
vmins = _expand(vmin,
visual_grid.shape[visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]],
type=list)
vmaxs = _expand(vmax,
visual_grid.shape[visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]],
type=list)
# for name in normalize_axis:
visual_grid
if smooth_pre:
grid = vaex.grids.gf(grid, smooth_pre)
if 1:
axis = visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]
for i in range(visual_grid.shape[axis]):
item = [
slice(None, None, None),
] * len(visual_grid.shape)
item[axis] = i
item = tuple(item)
f = _parse_f(fs[i])
with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'
): # these are fine, we are ok with nan's in vaex
fgrid.__setitem__(item, f(grid.__getitem__(item)))
# print vmins[i], vmaxs[i]
if vmins[i] is not None and vmaxs[i] is not None:
nsubgrid = fgrid.__getitem__(item) * 1
nsubgrid -= vmins[i]
nsubgrid /= (vmaxs[i] - vmins[i])
else:
nsubgrid, vmin, vmax = n(fgrid.__getitem__(item))
vmins[i] = vmin
vmaxs[i] = vmax
# print " ", vmins[i], vmaxs[i]
ngrid.__setitem__(item, nsubgrid)
if 0: # TODO: above should be like the code below, with custom vmin and vmax
grid = visual_grid[i]
f = _parse_f(fs[i])
fgrid = f(grid)
finite_mask = np.isfinite(grid)
finite_mask = np.any(finite_mask, axis=0)
if vmin is not None and vmax is not None:
ngrid = fgrid * 1
ngrid -= vmin
ngrid /= (vmax - vmin)
ngrid = np.clip(ngrid, 0, 1)
else:
ngrid, vmin, vmax = n(fgrid)
# vmin, vmax = np.nanmin(fgrid), np.nanmax(fgrid)
# every 'what', should have its own colorbar, check if what corresponds to
# rows or columns in facets, if so, do a colorbar per row or per column
rows, columns = int(math.ceil(facets /
float(facet_columns))), facet_columns
colorbar_location = "individual"
if visual["what"] == "row" and visual_grid.shape[1] == facet_columns:
colorbar_location = "per_row"
if visual["what"] == "column" and visual_grid.shape[0] == facet_rows:
colorbar_location = "per_column"
# values = np.linspace(facet_limits[0], facet_limits[1], facet_count+1)
logger.debug("rows: %r, columns: %r", rows, columns)
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
column_scale = 1
row_scale = 1
row_offset = 0
if facets > 1:
if colorbar_location == "per_row":
column_scale = 4
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(rows, columns * column_scale + 1)
elif colorbar_location == "per_column":
row_offset = 1
row_scale = 4
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(rows * row_scale + 1, columns)
else:
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(rows, columns)
facet_index = 0
fs = _expand(f, len(whats))
colormaps = _expand(colormap, len(whats))
# row
for i in range(visual_grid.shape[0]):
# column
for j in range(visual_grid.shape[1]):
if colorbar and colorbar_location == "per_column" and i == 0:
norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmins[j], vmaxs[j])
sm = matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable(norm, colormaps[j])
sm.set_array(1) # make matplotlib happy (strange behavious)
if facets > 1:
ax = pylab.subplot(gs[0, j])
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm,
cax=ax,
orientation="horizontal")
else:
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm)
if "what" in labels:
label = labels["what"][j]
if facets > 1:
colorbar.ax.set_title(label)
else:
colorbar.ax.set_ylabel(colorbar_label or label)
if colorbar and colorbar_location == "per_row" and j == 0:
norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmins[i], vmaxs[i])
sm = matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable(norm, colormaps[i])
sm.set_array(1) # make matplotlib happy (strange behavious)
if facets > 1:
ax = pylab.subplot(gs[i, -1])
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm, cax=ax)
else:
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm)
label = labels["what"][i]
colorbar.ax.set_ylabel(colorbar_label or label)
rgrid = ngrid[i, j] * 1.
# print rgrid.shape
for k in range(rgrid.shape[0]):
for l in range(rgrid.shape[0]):
if smooth_post is not None:
rgrid[k, l] = vaex.grids.gf(rgrid, smooth_post)
if visual["what"] == "column":
what_index = j
elif visual["what"] == "row":
what_index = i
else:
what_index = 0
if visual[normalize_axis] == "column":
normalize_index = j
elif visual[normalize_axis] == "row":
normalize_index = i
else:
normalize_index = 0
for r in reduce:
r = _parse_reduction(r, colormaps[what_index], [])
rgrid = r(rgrid)
row = facet_index // facet_columns
column = facet_index % facet_columns
if colorbar and colorbar_location == "individual":
# visual_grid.shape[visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]]
norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmins[normalize_index],
vmaxs[normalize_index])
sm = matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable(norm, colormaps[what_index])
sm.set_array(1) # make matplotlib happy (strange behavious)
if facets > 1:
ax = pylab.subplot(gs[row, column])
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm, ax=ax)
else:
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm)
label = labels["what"][what_index]
colorbar.ax.set_ylabel(colorbar_label or label)
if facets > 1:
ax = pylab.subplot(
gs[row_offset + row * row_scale:row_offset +
(row + 1) * row_scale,
column * column_scale:(column + 1) * column_scale])
else:
ax = pylab.gca()
axes.append(ax)
logger.debug("rgrid: %r", rgrid.shape)
plot_rgrid = rgrid
assert plot_rgrid.shape[1] == 1, "no layers supported yet"
plot_rgrid = plot_rgrid[:, 0]
if plot_rgrid.shape[0] > 1:
plot_rgrid = vaex.image.fade(plot_rgrid[::-1])
else:
plot_rgrid = plot_rgrid[0]
extend = None
if visual["subspace"] == "row":
subplot_index = i
elif visual["subspace"] == "column":
subplot_index = j
else:
subplot_index = 0
extend = np.array(xlimits[subplot_index][-2:]).flatten()
# extend = np.array(xlimits[i]).flatten()
logger.debug("plot rgrid: %r", plot_rgrid.shape)
plot_rgrid = np.transpose(plot_rgrid, (1, 0, 2))
im = ax.imshow(plot_rgrid,
extent=extend.tolist(),
origin="lower",
aspect=aspect,
interpolation=interpolation)
# v1, v2 = values[i], values[i+1]
def label(index, label, expression):
if label and _issequence(label):
return label[i]
else:
return self.label(expression)
if visual_reverse["x"] == 'x':
labelsx = labels['x']
pylab.xlabel(labelsx[subplot_index])
if visual_reverse["x"] == 'x':
labelsy = labels['y']
pylab.ylabel(labelsy[subplot_index])
if visual["z"] in ['row']:
labelsz = labels['z']
ax.set_title(labelsz[i])
if visual["z"] in ['column']:
labelsz = labels['z']
ax.set_title(labelsz[j])
max_labels = 10
xexpression = xexpressions[i]
if self.iscategory(xexpression):
labels = self.category_labels(xexpression)
step = max(len(labels) // max_labels, 1)
pylab.xticks(np.arange(len(labels))[::step],
labels[::step],
size='small')
yexpression = yexpressions[i]
if self.iscategory(yexpression):
labels = self.category_labels(yexpression)
step = max(len(labels) // max_labels, 1)
pylab.yticks(np.arange(len(labels))[::step],
labels[::step],
size='small')
facet_index += 1
if title:
fig.suptitle(title, fontsize="x-large")
if tight_layout:
if title:
pylab.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0.03, 1, 0.95])
else:
pylab.tight_layout()
if hardcopy:
pylab.savefig(hardcopy)
if show:
pylab.show()
if return_extra:
return im, grid, fgrid, ngrid, rgrid
else:
return im
def plot(self, x=None, y=None, z=None, what="count(*)", vwhat=None, reduce=["colormap"], f=None,
normalize="normalize", normalize_axis="what",
vmin=None, vmax=None,
shape=256, vshape=32, limits=None, grid=None, colormap="afmhot", # colors=["red", "green", "blue"],
figsize=None, xlabel=None, ylabel=None, aspect="auto", tight_layout=True, interpolation="nearest", show=False,
colorbar=True,
colorbar_label=None,
selection=None, selection_labels=None, title=None,
background_color="white", pre_blend=False, background_alpha=1.,
visual=dict(x="x", y="y", layer="z", fade="selection", row="subspace", column="what"),
smooth_pre=None, smooth_post=None,
wrap=True, wrap_columns=4,
return_extra=False, hardcopy=None):
"""Viz data in a 2d histogram/heatmap.
Declarative plotting of statistical plots using matplotlib, supports subplots, selections, layers.
Instead of passing x and y, pass a list as x argument for multiple panels. Give what a list of options to have multiple
panels. When both are present then will be origanized in a column/row order.
This methods creates a 6 dimensional 'grid', where each dimension can map the a visual dimension.
The grid dimensions are:
* x: shape determined by shape, content by x argument or the first dimension of each space
* y: ,,
* z: related to the z argument
* selection: shape equals length of selection argument
* what: shape equals length of what argument
* space: shape equals length of x argument if multiple values are given
By default, this its shape is (1, 1, 1, 1, shape, shape) (where x is the last dimension)
The visual dimensions are
* x: x coordinate on a plot / image (default maps to grid's x)
* y: y ,, (default maps to grid's y)
* layer: each image in this dimension is blended togeher to one image (default maps to z)
* fade: each image is shown faded after the next image (default mapt to selection)
* row: rows of subplots (default maps to space)
* columns: columns of subplot (default maps to what)
All these mappings can be changes by the visual argument, some examples:
>>> df.plot('x', 'y', what=['mean(x)', 'correlation(vx, vy)'])
Will plot each 'what' as a column.
>>> df.plot('x', 'y', selection=['FeH < -3', '(FeH >= -3) & (FeH < -2)'], visual=dict(column='selection'))
Will plot each selection as a column, instead of a faded on top of each other.
:param x: Expression to bin in the x direction (by default maps to x), or list of pairs, like [['x', 'y'], ['x', 'z']], if multiple pairs are given, this dimension maps to rows by default
:param y: y (by default maps to y)
:param z: Expression to bin in the z direction, followed by a :start,end,shape signature, like 'FeH:-3,1:5' will produce 5 layers between -10 and 10 (by default maps to layer)
:param what: What to plot, count(*) will show a N-d histogram, mean('x'), the mean of the x column, sum('x') the sum, std('x') the standard deviation, correlation('vx', 'vy') the correlation coefficient. Can also be a list of values, like ['count(x)', std('vx')], (by default maps to column)
:param reduce:
:param f: transform values by: 'identity' does nothing 'log' or 'log10' will show the log of the value
:param normalize: normalization function, currently only 'normalize' is supported
:param normalize_axis: which axes to normalize on, None means normalize by the global maximum.
:param vmin: instead of automatic normalization, (using normalize and normalization_axis) scale the data between vmin and vmax to [0, 1]
:param vmax: see vmin
:param shape: shape/size of the n-D histogram grid
:param limits: list of [[xmin, xmax], [ymin, ymax]], or a description such as 'minmax', '99%'
:param grid: if the binning is done before by yourself, you can pass it
:param colormap: matplotlib colormap to use
:param figsize: (x, y) tuple passed to pylab.figure for setting the figure size
:param xlabel:
:param ylabel:
:param aspect:
:param tight_layout: call pylab.tight_layout or not
:param colorbar: plot a colorbar or not
:param interpolation: interpolation for imshow, possible options are: 'nearest', 'bilinear', 'bicubic', see matplotlib for more
:param return_extra:
:return:
"""
import pylab
import matplotlib
n = _parse_n(normalize)
if type(shape) == int:
shape = (shape,) * 2
binby = []
x = _ensure_strings_from_expressions(x)
y = _ensure_strings_from_expressions(y)
for expression in [y, x]:
if expression is not None:
binby = [expression] + binby
fig = pylab.gcf()
if figsize is not None:
fig.set_size_inches(*figsize)
import re
what_units = None
whats = _ensure_list(what)
selections = _ensure_list(selection)
selections = _ensure_strings_from_expressions(selections)
if y is None:
waslist, [x, ] = vaex.utils.listify(x)
else:
waslist, [x, y] = vaex.utils.listify(x, y)
x = list(zip(x, y))
limits = [limits]
# every plot has its own vwhat for now
vwhats = _expand_limits(vwhat, len(x)) # TODO: we're abusing this function..
logger.debug("x: %s", x)
limits, shape = self.limits(x, limits, shape=shape)
shape = shape[0]
logger.debug("limits: %r", limits)
# mapping of a grid axis to a label
labels = {}
shape = _expand_shape(shape, 2)
vshape = _expand_shape(shape, 2)
if z is not None:
match = re.match("(.*):(.*),(.*),(.*)", z)
if match:
groups = match.groups()
import ast
z_expression = groups[0]
logger.debug("found groups: %r", list(groups))
z_limits = [ast.literal_eval(groups[1]), ast.literal_eval(groups[2])]
z_shape = ast.literal_eval(groups[3])
# for pair in x:
x = [[z_expression] + list(k) for k in x]
limits = np.array([[z_limits] + list(k) for k in limits])
shape = (z_shape,) + shape
vshape = (z_shape,) + vshape
logger.debug("x = %r", x)
values = np.linspace(z_limits[0], z_limits[1], num=z_shape + 1)
labels["z"] = list(["%s <= %s < %s" % (v1, z_expression, v2) for v1, v2 in zip(values[:-1], values[1:])])
else:
raise ValueError("Could not understand 'z' argument %r, expected something in form: 'column:-1,10:5'" % facet)
else:
z_shape = 1
# z == 1
if z is None:
total_grid = np.zeros((len(x), len(whats), len(selections), 1) + shape, dtype=float)
total_vgrid = np.zeros((len(x), len(whats), len(selections), 1) + vshape, dtype=float)
else:
total_grid = np.zeros((len(x), len(whats), len(selections)) + shape, dtype=float)
total_vgrid = np.zeros((len(x), len(whats), len(selections)) + vshape, dtype=float)
logger.debug("shape of total grid: %r", total_grid.shape)
axis = dict(plot=0, what=1, selection=2)
xlimits = limits
grid_axes = dict(x=-1, y=-2, z=-3, selection=-4, what=-5, subspace=-6)
visual_axes = dict(x=-1, y=-2, layer=-3, fade=-4, column=-5, row=-6)
# visual_default=dict(x="x", y="y", z="layer", selection="fade", subspace="row", what="column")
# visual: mapping of a plot axis, to a grid axis
visual_default = dict(x="x", y="y", layer="z", fade="selection", row="subspace", column="what")
def invert(x): return dict((v, k) for k, v in x.items())
# visual_default_reverse = invert(visual_default)
# visual_ = visual_default
# visual = dict(visual) # copy for modification
# add entries to avoid mapping multiple times to the same axis
free_visual_axes = list(visual_default.keys())
# visual_reverse = invert(visual)
logger.debug("1: %r %r", visual, free_visual_axes)
for visual_name, grid_name in visual.items():
if visual_name in free_visual_axes:
free_visual_axes.remove(visual_name)
else:
raise ValueError("visual axes %s used multiple times" % visual_name)
logger.debug("2: %r %r", visual, free_visual_axes)
for visual_name, grid_name in visual_default.items():
if visual_name in free_visual_axes and grid_name not in visual.values():
free_visual_axes.remove(visual_name)
visual[visual_name] = grid_name
logger.debug("3: %r %r", visual, free_visual_axes)
for visual_name, grid_name in visual_default.items():
if visual_name not in free_visual_axes and grid_name not in visual.values():
visual[free_visual_axes.pop(0)] = grid_name
logger.debug("4: %r %r", visual, free_visual_axes)
visual_reverse = invert(visual)
# TODO: the meaning of visual and visual_reverse is changed below this line, super confusing
visual, visual_reverse = visual_reverse, visual
# so now, visual: mapping of a grid axis to plot axis
# visual_reverse: mapping of a grid axis to plot axis
move = {}
for grid_name, visual_name in visual.items():
if visual_axes[visual_name] in visual.values():
index = visual.values().find(visual_name)
key = visual.keys()[index]
raise ValueError("trying to map %s to %s while, it is already mapped by %s" % (grid_name, visual_name, key))
move[grid_axes[grid_name]] = visual_axes[visual_name]
# normalize_axis = _ensure_list(normalize_axis)
fs = _expand(f, total_grid.shape[grid_axes[normalize_axis]])
# assert len(vwhat)
# labels["y"] = ylabels
what_labels = []
if grid is None:
grid_of_grids = []
for i, (binby, limits) in enumerate(zip(x, xlimits)):
grid_of_grids.append([])
for j, what in enumerate(whats):
if isinstance(what, vaex.stat.Expression):
grid = what.calculate(self, binby=binby, shape=shape, limits=limits, selection=selections, delay=True)
else:
what = what.strip()
index = what.index("(")
import re
groups = re.match("(.*)\((.*)\)", what).groups()
if groups and len(groups) == 2:
function = groups[0]
arguments = groups[1].strip()
if "," in arguments:
arguments = arguments.split(",")
functions = ["mean", "sum", "std", "var", "correlation", "covar", "min", "max", "median_approx"]
unit_expression = None
if function in ["mean", "sum", "std", "min", "max", "median"]:
unit_expression = arguments
if function in ["var"]:
unit_expression = "(%s) * (%s)" % (arguments, arguments)
if function in ["covar"]:
unit_expression = "(%s) * (%s)" % arguments
if unit_expression:
unit = self.unit(unit_expression)
if unit:
what_units = unit.to_string('latex_inline')
if function in functions:
grid = getattr(self, function)(arguments, binby=binby, limits=limits, shape=shape, selection=selections, delay=True)
elif function == "count":
grid = self.count(arguments, binby, shape=shape, limits=limits, selection=selections, delay=True)
else:
raise ValueError("Could not understand method: %s, expected one of %r'" % (function, functions))
else:
raise ValueError("Could not understand 'what' argument %r, expected something in form: 'count(*)', 'mean(x)'" % what)
if i == 0: # and j == 0:
what_label = str(whats[j])
if what_units:
what_label += " (%s)" % what_units
if fs[j]:
what_label = fs[j] + " " + what_label
what_labels.append(what_label)
grid_of_grids[-1].append(grid)
self.executor.execute()
for i, (binby, limits) in enumerate(zip(x, xlimits)):
for j, what in enumerate(whats):
grid = grid_of_grids[i][j].get()
total_grid[i, j, :, :] = grid[:, None, ...]
labels["what"] = what_labels
else:
dims_left = 6 - len(grid.shape)
total_grid = np.broadcast_to(grid, (1,) * dims_left + grid.shape)
# visual=dict(x="x", y="y", selection="fade", subspace="facet1", what="facet2",)
def _selection_name(name):
if name in [None, False]:
return "selection: all"
elif name in ["default", True]:
return "selection: default"
else:
return "selection: %s" % name
if selection_labels is None:
labels["selection"] = list([_selection_name(k) for k in selections])
else:
labels["selection"] = selection_labels
# visual_grid = np.moveaxis(total_grid, move.keys(), move.values())
# np.moveaxis is in np 1.11 only?, use transpose
axes = [None] * len(move)
for key, value in move.items():
axes[value] = key
visual_grid = np.transpose(total_grid, axes)
logger.debug("grid shape: %r", total_grid.shape)
logger.debug("visual: %r", visual.items())
logger.debug("move: %r", move)
logger.debug("visual grid shape: %r", visual_grid.shape)
xexpressions = []
yexpressions = []
for i, (binby, limits) in enumerate(zip(x, xlimits)):
xexpressions.append(binby[0])
yexpressions.append(binby[1])
if xlabel is None:
xlabels = []
ylabels = []
for i, (binby, limits) in enumerate(zip(x, xlimits)):
if z is not None:
xlabels.append(self.label(binby[1]))
ylabels.append(self.label(binby[2]))
else:
xlabels.append(self.label(binby[0]))
ylabels.append(self.label(binby[1]))
else:
Nl = visual_grid.shape[visual_axes['row']]
xlabels = _expand(xlabel, Nl)
ylabels = _expand(ylabel, Nl)
#labels[visual["x"]] = (xlabels, ylabels)
labels["x"] = xlabels
labels["y"] = ylabels
# grid = total_grid
# print(grid.shape)
# grid = self.reduce(grid, )
axes = []
# cax = pylab.subplot(1,1,1)
background_color = np.array(matplotlib.colors.colorConverter.to_rgb(background_color))
# if grid.shape[axis["selection"]] > 1:# and not facet:
# rgrid = vaex.image.fade(rgrid)
# finite_mask = np.any(finite_mask, axis=0) # do we really need this
# print(rgrid.shape)
# facet_row_axis = axis["what"]
import math
facet_columns = None
facets = visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["row"]] * visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]]
if visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]] == 1 and wrap:
facet_columns = min(wrap_columns, visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["row"]])
wrapped = True
elif visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["row"]] == 1 and wrap:
facet_columns = min(wrap_columns, visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]])
wrapped = True
else:
wrapped = False
facet_columns = visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]]
facet_rows = int(math.ceil(facets / facet_columns))
logger.debug("facet_rows: %r", facet_rows)
logger.debug("facet_columns: %r", facet_columns)
# if visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["row"]] > 1: # and not wrap:
# #facet_row_axis = axis["what"]
# facet_columns = visual_grid.shape[visual_axes["column"]]
# else:
# facet_columns = min(wrap_columns, facets)
# if grid.shape[axis["plot"]] > 1:# and not facet:
# this loop could be done using axis arguments everywhere
# assert len(normalize_axis) == 1, "currently only 1 normalization axis supported"
grid = visual_grid * 1.
fgrid = visual_grid * 1.
ngrid = visual_grid * 1.
# colorgrid = np.zeros(ngrid.shape + (4,), float)
# print "norma", normalize_axis, visual_grid.shape[visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]]
vmins = _expand(vmin, visual_grid.shape[visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]], type=list)
vmaxs = _expand(vmax, visual_grid.shape[visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]], type=list)
# for name in normalize_axis:
visual_grid
if smooth_pre:
grid = vaex.grids.gf(grid, smooth_pre)
if 1:
axis = visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]
for i in range(visual_grid.shape[axis]):
item = [slice(None, None, None), ] * len(visual_grid.shape)
item[axis] = i
item = tuple(item)
f = _parse_f(fs[i])
with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'): # these are fine, we are ok with nan's in vaex
fgrid.__setitem__(item, f(grid.__getitem__(item)))
# print vmins[i], vmaxs[i]
if vmins[i] is not None and vmaxs[i] is not None:
nsubgrid = fgrid.__getitem__(item) * 1
nsubgrid -= vmins[i]
nsubgrid /= (vmaxs[i] - vmins[i])
else:
nsubgrid, vmin, vmax = n(fgrid.__getitem__(item))
vmins[i] = vmin
vmaxs[i] = vmax
# print " ", vmins[i], vmaxs[i]
ngrid.__setitem__(item, nsubgrid)
if 0: # TODO: above should be like the code below, with custom vmin and vmax
grid = visual_grid[i]
f = _parse_f(fs[i])
fgrid = f(grid)
finite_mask = np.isfinite(grid)
finite_mask = np.any(finite_mask, axis=0)
if vmin is not None and vmax is not None:
ngrid = fgrid * 1
ngrid -= vmin
ngrid /= (vmax - vmin)
ngrid = np.clip(ngrid, 0, 1)
else:
ngrid, vmin, vmax = n(fgrid)
# vmin, vmax = np.nanmin(fgrid), np.nanmax(fgrid)
# every 'what', should have its own colorbar, check if what corresponds to
# rows or columns in facets, if so, do a colorbar per row or per column
rows, columns = int(math.ceil(facets / float(facet_columns))), facet_columns
colorbar_location = "individual"
if visual["what"] == "row" and visual_grid.shape[1] == facet_columns:
colorbar_location = "per_row"
if visual["what"] == "column" and visual_grid.shape[0] == facet_rows:
colorbar_location = "per_column"
# values = np.linspace(facet_limits[0], facet_limits[1], facet_count+1)
logger.debug("rows: %r, columns: %r", rows, columns)
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
column_scale = 1
row_scale = 1
row_offset = 0
if facets > 1:
if colorbar_location == "per_row":
column_scale = 4
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(rows, columns * column_scale + 1)
elif colorbar_location == "per_column":
row_offset = 1
row_scale = 4
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(rows * row_scale + 1, columns)
else:
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(rows, columns)
facet_index = 0
fs = _expand(f, len(whats))
colormaps = _expand(colormap, len(whats))
# row
for i in range(visual_grid.shape[0]):
# column
for j in range(visual_grid.shape[1]):
if colorbar and colorbar_location == "per_column" and i == 0:
norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmins[j], vmaxs[j])
sm = matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable(norm, colormaps[j])
sm.set_array(1) # make matplotlib happy (strange behavious)
if facets > 1:
ax = pylab.subplot(gs[0, j])
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm, cax=ax, orientation="horizontal")
else:
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm)
if "what" in labels:
label = labels["what"][j]
if facets > 1:
colorbar.ax.set_title(label)
else:
colorbar.ax.set_ylabel(colorbar_label or label)
if colorbar and colorbar_location == "per_row" and j == 0:
norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmins[i], vmaxs[i])
sm = matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable(norm, colormaps[i])
sm.set_array(1) # make matplotlib happy (strange behavious)
if facets > 1:
ax = pylab.subplot(gs[i, -1])
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm, cax=ax)
else:
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm)
label = labels["what"][i]
colorbar.ax.set_ylabel(colorbar_label or label)
rgrid = ngrid[i, j] * 1.
# print rgrid.shape
for k in range(rgrid.shape[0]):
for l in range(rgrid.shape[0]):
if smooth_post is not None:
rgrid[k, l] = vaex.grids.gf(rgrid, smooth_post)
if visual["what"] == "column":
what_index = j
elif visual["what"] == "row":
what_index = i
else:
what_index = 0
if visual[normalize_axis] == "column":
normalize_index = j
elif visual[normalize_axis] == "row":
normalize_index = i
else:
normalize_index = 0
for r in reduce:
r = _parse_reduction(r, colormaps[what_index], [])
rgrid = r(rgrid)
row = facet_index // facet_columns
column = facet_index % facet_columns
if colorbar and colorbar_location == "individual":
# visual_grid.shape[visual_axes[visual[normalize_axis]]]
norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmins[normalize_index], vmaxs[normalize_index])
sm = matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable(norm, colormaps[what_index])
sm.set_array(1) # make matplotlib happy (strange behavious)
if facets > 1:
ax = pylab.subplot(gs[row, column])
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm, ax=ax)
else:
colorbar = fig.colorbar(sm)
label = labels["what"][what_index]
colorbar.ax.set_ylabel(colorbar_label or label)
if facets > 1:
ax = pylab.subplot(gs[row_offset + row * row_scale:row_offset + (row + 1) * row_scale, column * column_scale:(column + 1) * column_scale])
else:
ax = pylab.gca()
axes.append(ax)
logger.debug("rgrid: %r", rgrid.shape)
plot_rgrid = rgrid
assert plot_rgrid.shape[1] == 1, "no layers supported yet"
plot_rgrid = plot_rgrid[:, 0]
if plot_rgrid.shape[0] > 1:
plot_rgrid = vaex.image.fade(plot_rgrid[::-1])
else:
plot_rgrid = plot_rgrid[0]
extend = None
if visual["subspace"] == "row":
subplot_index = i
elif visual["subspace"] == "column":
subplot_index = j
else:
subplot_index = 0
extend = np.array(xlimits[subplot_index][-2:]).flatten()
# extend = np.array(xlimits[i]).flatten()
logger.debug("plot rgrid: %r", plot_rgrid.shape)
plot_rgrid = np.transpose(plot_rgrid, (1, 0, 2))
im = ax.imshow(plot_rgrid, extent=extend.tolist(), origin="lower", aspect=aspect, interpolation=interpolation)
# v1, v2 = values[i], values[i+1]
def label(index, label, expression):
if label and _issequence(label):
return label[i]
else:
return self.label(expression)
if visual_reverse["x"] =='x':
labelsx = labels['x']
pylab.xlabel(labelsx[subplot_index])
if visual_reverse["x"] =='x':
labelsy = labels['y']
pylab.ylabel(labelsy[subplot_index])
if visual["z"] in ['row']:
labelsz = labels['z']
ax.set_title(labelsz[i])
if visual["z"] in ['column']:
labelsz = labels['z']
ax.set_title(labelsz[j])
max_labels = 10
# xexpression = xexpressions[i]
# if self.iscategory(xexpression):
# labels = self.category_labels(xexpression)
# step = len(labels) // max_labels
# pylab.xticks(np.arange(len(labels))[::step], labels[::step], size='small')
# yexpression = yexpressions[i]
# if self.iscategory(yexpression):
# labels = self.category_labels(yexpression)
# step = len(labels) // max_labels
# pylab.yticks(np.arange(len(labels))[::step], labels[::step], size='small')
facet_index += 1
if title:
fig.suptitle(title, fontsize="x-large")
if tight_layout:
if title:
pylab.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0.03, 1, 0.95])
else:
pylab.tight_layout()
if hardcopy:
pylab.savefig(hardcopy)
if show:
pylab.show()
if return_extra:
return im, grid, fgrid, ngrid, rgrid
else:
return im
def get_vshape(self):
return _expand_shape(self.vshape, 2) + (self.z_shape, )
