def _Plot2(self):
vv.figure(self.fig.nr)
vv.clf()
ax1f2 = vv.cla()
ax1f2.daspect = 1,-1,1
vv.surf(self.z)
vv.axis('off')
ax1f1 = self.fig2.add_subplot(221)
ax1f1.imshow(self.Nx)
ax1f1.axis('off')
ax2f1 = self.fig2.add_subplot(222)
ax2f1.imshow(self.Ny)
ax2f1.axis('off')
ax3f1 = self.fig2.add_subplot(223)
ax3f1.imshow(self.Nz)
ax3f1.axis('off')
ax4f1 = self.fig2.add_subplot(224)
ax4f1.imshow(self.A, cmap='gray')
ax4f1.axis('off')
self.canvas.draw()
if not hasattr(self, 'toolbar'):
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas,
self.mplwindow3, coordinates=True)
self.mplvl3.addWidget(self.toolbar)
self.setWindowTitle('PS Acquisition Tool - %s' % self.currentArchive)
def get_plane_surface(width, height, z_offset, img_face=None):
import visvis as vv
xx, yy = np.meshgrid((-width / 2.0, width / 2.0), (-height / 2.0, height / 2.0))
zz = z_offset + np.zeros_like(xx)
if img_face:
plane_surf = vv.surf(xx, yy, zz, img_face)
else:
plane_surf = vv.surf(xx, yy, zz)
return plane_surf
def _visualise_world_visvis(X, Y, Z, format="surf"):
"""
Legacy function to produce a surface render using visvis
:param X:
:param Y:
:param Z:
:param format:
"""
import visvis as vv
# m2 = vv.surf(worldx[::detail], worldy[::detail], worldz[::detail])
app = vv.use()
# prepare axes
a = vv.gca()
a.cameraType = '3d'
a.daspectAuto = False
# print("view", a.camera.GetViewParams())
# a.SetView(loc=(-1000,0,0))
# a.camera.SetView(None, loc=(-1000,0,0))
if format == "surf":
l = vv.surf(X, Y, Z)
a.SetLimits(rangeX=(-0.2, 0.2),
rangeY=(-0.5, 0.5),
rangeZ=(-0.5, 0),
margin=0.02)
else:
# draw points
pp = vv.Pointset(
np.concatenate([X.flatten(), Y.flatten(),
Z.flatten()], axis=0).reshape((-1, 3)))
l = vv.plot(pp, ms='.', mc='r', mw='5', ls='', mew=0)
l.alpha = 0.2
app.Run()
def update_plot(self):
vv.cla()
self.surf = vv.surf(self.x,
self.y,
self.z,
axesAdjust=False,
axes=self.axes)
self.surf.clim = self.clim
self.surf.colormap = vv.CM_JET
def draw_error_ellipsoid_visvis(mu,
covariance_matrix,
stdev=1,
z_offset=0,
color_ellipsoid="g",
pt_size=5):
"""
@brief Plot the error (uncertainty) ellipsoid using a 3D covariance matrix for a given standard deviation
@param mu: The mean vector
@param covariance_matrix: the 3x3 covariance matrix
@param stdev: The desire standard deviation value to draw the uncertainty ellipsoid for. Default is 1.
"""
import visvis as vv
# Step 1: make a unit n-sphere
u = np.linspace(0.0, 2.0 * np.pi, 30)
v = np.linspace(0.0, np.pi, 30)
x_sph = np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v))
y_sph = np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v))
z_sph = np.outer(np.ones_like(u), np.cos(v))
X_sphere = np.dstack((x_sph, y_sph, z_sph))
# Step 2: apply the following linear transformation to get the points of your ellipsoid (Y):
C = np.linalg.cholesky(covariance_matrix)
ellipsoid_pts = mu + stdev * np.dot(X_sphere, C)
x = ellipsoid_pts[..., 0]
y = ellipsoid_pts[..., 1]
z = ellipsoid_pts[..., 2] + z_offset
# plot
ellipsoid_surf = vv.surf(x, y, z)
# Get axes
# ellipsoid_surf = vv.grid(x, y, z)
ellipsoid_surf.faceShading = "smooth"
ellipsoid_surf.faceColor = color_ellipsoid
# ellipsoid_surf.edgeShading = "plain"
# ellipsoid_surf.edgeColor = color_ellipsoid
ellipsoid_surf.diffuse = 0.9
ellipsoid_surf.specular = 0.9
mu_pt = vv.Point(mu[0], mu[1], mu[2] + z_offset)
pt_mu = vv.plot(mu_pt,
ms='.',
mc="k",
mw=pt_size,
ls='',
mew=0,
axesAdjust=True)
def plot_image_data(self, image_data, transformator, sampling=1.0):
if not sampling == 1.0:
self.logger.info("Sampling image by {}".format(sampling))
image_data = cv2.resize(image_data,
dsize=(0, 0),
fx=sampling,
fy=sampling)
# list all (x,y) coordinates of any pixel in the image, apply resolution scaling
x = np.arange(image_data.shape[1]).astype(np.float32)
y = np.arange(image_data.shape[0]).astype(np.float32)
if not sampling == 1.0:
self.logger.info(
"Multiplying image coordinates by {} according to sampling by {}"
.format(1 / sampling, sampling))
x /= sampling
y /= sampling
# make meshgrid of (x,y)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
# build coordinate list
C = np.array([X.flatten(), Y.flatten()]).T
C = np.append(C, np.zeros([C.shape[0], 1]), axis=1) # add z
C = np.append(C, np.ones([C.shape[0], 1]), axis=1) # add w
# project into scene
Ct = transformator.transform(C)
# reverse meshgrid
Xt = Ct[..., 0].reshape(image_data.shape)
Yt = Ct[..., 1].reshape(image_data.shape)
Zt = Ct[..., 2].reshape(image_data.shape)
# plot image
vv.surf(Xt, Yt, Zt, image_data, aa=3)
def grid(*args, **kwargs):
""" grid(*args, axesAdjust=True, axes=None)
Create a wireframe parametric surface.
Usage
-----
* grid(Z) - create a grid mesh using the given image with z coordinates.
* grid(Z, C) - also supply a texture image to map.
* grid(X, Y, Z) - give x, y and z coordinates.
* grid(X, Y, Z, C) - also supply a texture image to map.
Parameters
----------
Z : A MxN 2D array
X : A length N 1D array, or a MxN 2D array
Y : A length M 1D array, or a MxN 2D array
C : A MxN 2D array, or a AxBx3 3D array
If 2D, C specifies a colormap index for each vertex of Z. If
3D, C gives a RGB image to be mapped over Z. In this case, the
sizes of C and Z need not match.
Keyword arguments
-----------------
axesAdjust : bool
If True, this function will call axes.SetLimits(), and set
the camera type to 3D. If daspectAuto has not been set yet,
it is set to False.
axes : Axes instance
Display the bars in the given axes, or the current axes if not given.
Notes
-----
* This function should not be confused with the axis grid, see the
Axis.showGrid property.
* This function is know in Matlab as mesh(), but to avoid confusion
with the vv.Mesh class, it is called grid() in visvis.
Also see surf() and the solid*() methods.
"""
m = vv.surf(*args, **kwargs)
m.faceShading = None
m.edgeShading = 'smooth'
m.edgeColor = 'w'
return m
def grid(*args, **kwargs):
""" grid(*args, axesAdjust=True, axes=None)
Create a wireframe parametric surface.
Usage
-----
* grid(Z) - create a grid mesh using the given image with z coordinates.
* grid(Z, C) - also supply a texture image to map.
* grid(X, Y, Z) - give x, y and z coordinates.
* grid(X, Y, Z, C) - also supply a texture image to map.
Parameters
----------
Z : A MxN 2D array
X : A length N 1D array, or a MxN 2D array
Y : A length M 1D array, or a MxN 2D array
C : A MxN 2D array, or a AxBx3 3D array
If 2D, C specifies a colormap index for each vertex of Z. If
3D, C gives a RGB image to be mapped over Z. In this case, the
sizes of C and Z need not match.
Keyword arguments
-----------------
axesAdjust : bool
If True, this function will call axes.SetLimits(), and set
the camera type to 3D. If daspectAuto has not been set yet,
it is set to False.
axes : Axes instance
Display the bars in the given axes, or the current axes if not given.
Notes
-----
* This function should not be confused with the axis grid, see the
Axis.showGrid property.
* This function is know in Matlab as mesh(), but to avoid confusion
with the vv.Mesh class, it is called grid() in visvis.
Also see surf() and the solid*() methods.
"""
m = vv.surf(*args, **kwargs)
m.faceShading = None
m.edgeShading = 'smooth'
m.edgeColor = 'w'
return m
def draw_error_ellipsoid_visvis(mu, covariance_matrix, stdev=1, z_offset=0, color_ellipsoid="g", pt_size=5):
"""
@brief Plot the error (uncertainty) ellipsoid using a 3D covariance matrix for a given standard deviation
@param mu: The mean vector
@param covariance_matrix: the 3x3 covariance matrix
@param stdev: The desire standard deviation value to draw the uncertainty ellipsoid for. Default is 1.
"""
import visvis as vv
# Step 1: make a unit n-sphere
u = np.linspace(0.0, 2.0 * np.pi, 30)
v = np.linspace(0.0, np.pi, 30)
x_sph = np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v))
y_sph = np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v))
z_sph = np.outer(np.ones_like(u), np.cos(v))
X_sphere = np.dstack((x_sph, y_sph, z_sph))
# Step 2: apply the following linear transformation to get the points of your ellipsoid (Y):
C = np.linalg.cholesky(covariance_matrix)
ellipsoid_pts = mu + stdev * np.dot(X_sphere, C)
x = ellipsoid_pts[..., 0]
y = ellipsoid_pts[..., 1]
z = ellipsoid_pts[..., 2] + z_offset
# plot
ellipsoid_surf = vv.surf(x, y, z)
# Get axes
# ellipsoid_surf = vv.grid(x, y, z)
ellipsoid_surf.faceShading = "smooth"
ellipsoid_surf.faceColor = color_ellipsoid
# ellipsoid_surf.edgeShading = "plain"
# ellipsoid_surf.edgeColor = color_ellipsoid
ellipsoid_surf.diffuse = 0.9
ellipsoid_surf.specular = 0.9
mu_pt = vv.Point(mu[0], mu[1], mu[2] + z_offset)
pt_mu = vv.plot(mu_pt, ms='.', mc="k", mw=pt_size, ls='', mew=0, axesAdjust=True)
def show_layer_boundaries(self, sample):
"""
Displays a 3-D rendering of boundary surfaces.
:param sample: index of sample for which to plot boundaries
"""
app = vv.use()
vv.figure(1)
X = np.linspace(self.xbounds[0], self.xbounds[1], self.xres)
Y = np.linspace(self.ybounds[0], self.xbounds[1], self.yres)
Z = np.linspace(self.zbounds[0], self.xbounds[1], self.zres)
vv.xlabel('Eastings (m)')
vv.ylabel('Northings (m)')
vv.zlabel('Depth (m)')
a = vv.gca()
a.camera.fov = 70
a.daspect = 1, 1, -1
for i in range(len(self.layers)):
C = plt.cm.jet(i / float(len(self.layers)))
C = np.array([[[C[0], C[1], C[2]]]])
m = vv.surf(X, Y, self.fbounds[i][sample], C)
vv.ColormapEditor(a)
app.Run()
def grid(*args, **kwargs):
""" grid(*args, axesAdjust=True, axes=None)
Create a wireframe parametric surface.
Usage
-----
* grid(z) - create a grid mesh using the given image with z coordinates.
* grid(z, c) - also supply a texture image to map.
* grid(x, y, z) - give x, y and z coordinates.
* grid(x, y, z, c) - also supply a texture image to map.
Keyword arguments
-----------------
axesAdjust : bool
If True, this function will call axes.SetLimits(), and set
the camera type to 3D. If daspectAuto has not been set yet,
it is set to False.
axes : Axes instance
Display the bars in the given axes, or the current axes if not given.
Notes
-----
* This function should not be confused with the axis grid, see the
Axis.showGrid property.
* This function is know in Matlab as mesh(), but to avoid confusion
with the vv.Mesh class, it is called grid() in visvis.
Also see surf() and the solid*() methods.
"""
m = vv.surf(*args, **kwargs)
m.faceShading = None
m.edgeShading = 'smooth'
m.edgeColor = 'w'
return m
def grid(*args, **kwargs):
""" grid(*args, axesAdjust=True, axes=None)
Create a wireframe parametric surface.
Usage
-----
* grid(z) - create a grid mesh using the given image with z coordinates.
* grid(z, c) - also supply a texture image to map.
* grid(x, y, z) - give x, y and z coordinates.
* grid(x, y, z, c) - also supply a texture image to map.
Keyword arguments
-----------------
axesAdjust : bool
If True, this function will call axes.SetLimits(), and set
the camera type to 3D. If daspectAuto has not been set yet,
it is set to False.
axes : Axes instance
Display the bars in the given axes, or the current axes if not given.
Notes
-----
* This function should not be confused with the axis grid, see the
Axis.showGrid property.
* This function is know in Matlab as mesh(), but to avoid confusion
with the vv.Mesh class, it is called grid() in visvis.
Also see surf() and the solid*() methods.
"""
m = vv.surf(*args, **kwargs)
m.faceShading = None
m.edgeShading = 'smooth'
m.edgeColor = 'w'
return m
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"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
m = vv.surf(peaks())
def update_plot(self): vv.cla() self.surf = vv.surf(self.x, self.y, self.z, axesAdjust=False, axes=self.axes) self.surf.clim = self.clim self.surf.colormap = vv.CM_JET
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.jet,linewidth=1, antialiased=True)
plt.show()
#Plot in 3D with visvis
import visvis
f = visvis.gca()
m = visvis.grid(xi,yi,Z)
f.daspect = 1,1,10 # z x 10
# draped colors
m = visvis.surf(xi,yi,Z)
m.colormap = visvis.CM_JET
#Save to GeoTiff file
nrows,ncols = np.shape(Z)
xres = (xmax-xmin)/ncols
yres = (ymax-ymin)/nrows
geotransform=(xmin,xres,0,ymin,0, yres)
driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff")
ds = driver.Create('output.tif', nrows,ncols, 1, gdal.GDT_Float32)
ds.SetGeoTransform(geotransform)
#Establish its coordinate
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.ImportFromEPSG(your EPSG code)
ds.SetProjection( srs.ExportToWkt() )
# Should we apply a texture?
if c is not None and c.ndim == 3:
m.SetTexture(c)
else:
m.clim = m.clim # trigger correct limits
# Adjust axes
if axesAdjust:
if axes.daspectAuto is None:
axes.daspectAuto = False
axes.cameraType = '3d'
axes.SetLimits()
# Return
axes.Draw()
return m
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Read image and smooth a bit
lena = vv.imread('lena.png').astype(np.float32)
im = lena.copy()
im[1:, :, :] = lena[:-1, :, :]
im[:-1, :, :] += lena[1:, :, :]
im[:, :-1, :] += lena[:, 1:, :]
im[:, 1:, :] += lena[:, :-1, :]
im /= 4
# Surf
m = vv.surf(im[:, :, 0], im)
def plot_mouse_head(show_now=False,
size=(500, 500),
ax=None,
theta=0,
phi=0,
pitch=None,
roll=None,
isometric=True,
azimuth=None,
elevation=None,
zoom=1.5,
gravity_axes=True,
head_axes=True,
close_figure=False,
color_mouse=(.5, .5, .5),
color_head_axes=(.25, .95, .8),
color_gravity_axes=(.75, .75, .75),
backend='visvis',
light_ambient=.6,
light_specular=.5,
arrow_kw=dict(length_cone=.1,
radius_cone=.05,
radius_shaft=.025)):
if azimuth is None:
azimuth = DEFAULT_AZIMUTH
if elevation is None:
elevation = DEFAULT_ELEVATION
t = np.arange(0, 1 * np.pi - 2 * np.pi / 10, np.pi / 10)
r = 2 + np.cos(t)
n = 20
if backend in ['mayavi', 'mlab']:
from mayavi import mlab
from tvtk.tools import visual
fig = mlab.figure(bgcolor=(1, 1, 1), size=size)
fig.scene.parallel_projection = True
# head
c = -3
[X, Y, Z] = cylinder(r, n=n)
head = mlab.mesh(X, Y, c + Z * 6, color=(.5, .5, .5))
# nose
[x, y, z] = sphere(20)
nose = mlab.mesh(x * 1.5, y * 1.5, c + z * 1.5 + 6, color=(.5, .5, .5))
# EARS
color = (.5, .5, .5)
hsE1 = mlab.mesh((x * 1.0) - 2.427, (y * 1.8) - 1.763,
c + (z * 0.4) + 0,
color=color)
hsE2 = mlab.mesh((x * 1.0) + 2.427, (y * 1.8) - 1.763,
c + (z * 0.4) + 0,
color=color)
# EYES
[x, y, z] = sphere(10)
color = (.9, .9, .9)
hsEYE1 = mlab.mesh((x * .8) - 1.2, (y * .8) - 1.6,
c + (z * .8) + 3.5,
color=color)
hsEYE2 = mlab.mesh((x * .8) + 1.2, (y * .8) - 1.6,
c + (z * .8) + 3.5,
color=color)
# pupils
hsPUP1 = mlab.mesh((x * .3) - 1.476, (y * .3) - 1.98,
c + (z * .3) + 4.147,
color=(0.1, 0.1, 0.1))
hsPUP2 = mlab.mesh((x * .3) + 1.476, (y * .3) - 1.98,
c + (z * .3) + 4.147,
color=(0.1, 0.1, 0.1))
# whiskers
Px = np.array([-1.154, -1.214, -1.154, +1.154, +1.214, +1.154])
Py = np.array([-0.375, 0, 0.375, -0.375, 0, 0.375])
Pz = np.ones(np.size(Px)) * 3.882
WL = np.array([[0.5, 2], [0.05, 0.4]]) # whisker length
hsWHISK = []
for W in range(0, len(Px)): # W=0
if Px[W] < 0:
XSIGN = -1
else:
XSIGN = +1
if Py[W] < 0:
YSIGN = -1
elif Py[W] == 0:
YSIGN = 0
else:
YSIGN = +1
x = np.append(Px[W], Px[W] + XSIGN * WL[0, :])
y = np.append(Py[W], Py[W] + YSIGN * WL[1, :])
z = np.append(Pz[W], Pz[W])
tck, u = interpolate.splprep([x, y], k=2)
xi, yi = interpolate.splev(np.linspace(0, 1, 100), tck, der=0)
zi = np.ones(np.size(yi)) * Pz[W]
hsWHISK.append(
mlab.plot3d(xi, yi, zi, color=(0, 0, 0), line_width=2))
# rotate all objects
angle_x = -90
angle_y = 0
angle_z = -90
for actor in [head, nose, hsE1, hsE2, hsEYE1, hsEYE2, hsPUP1, hsPUP2]:
actor.actor.actor.rotate_z(angle_z)
actor.actor.actor.rotate_x(angle_x)
actor.actor.actor.rotate_y(angle_y)
# actor.actor.actor.rotate_y(phi)
# actor.actor.actor.rotate_z(theta)
actor.actor.actor.rotate_x(theta)
actor.actor.actor.rotate_y(phi)
for i in range(0, len(hsWHISK)):
hsWHISK[i].actor.actor.rotate_z(angle_z)
hsWHISK[i].actor.actor.rotate_x(angle_x)
hsWHISK[i].actor.actor.rotate_y(angle_y)
hsWHISK[i].actor.actor.rotate_x(theta)
hsWHISK[i].actor.actor.rotate_y(phi)
if head_axes:
# axes of head-centered coordinate system
visual.set_viewer(fig)
arr1 = Arrow3D(0,
0,
0,
0,
-6,
0,
color=color_head_axes,
**arrow_kw)
for arr in [arr1]: # , arr2, arr3]:
arr.actor.rotate_z(angle_z)
arr.actor.rotate_x(angle_x)
arr.actor.rotate_y(angle_y)
arr.actor.rotate_x(theta)
arr.actor.rotate_y(phi)
if gravity_axes:
# gravitational coordinate system
visual.set_viewer(fig)
arr1 = Arrow3D(0, 0, 0, -6, 0, 0, color=(.8, .8, .8), **arrow_kw)
arr2 = Arrow3D(0, 0, 0, 0, -6, 0, color=(.5, .5, .5), **arrow_kw)
arr3 = Arrow3D(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, color=(.25, .25, .25), **arrow_kw)
for arr in [arr1, arr2, arr3]:
arr.actor.rotate_z(angle_z)
arr.actor.rotate_x(angle_x)
arr.actor.rotate_y(angle_y)
if isometric:
fig.scene.isometric_view()
else:
mlab.view(azimuth=azimuth, elevation=elevation, figure=fig)
fig.scene.camera.zoom(zoom)
if show_now:
mlab.show()
img = mlab.screenshot(figure=fig, mode='rgb', antialiased=False)
elif backend in ['visvis']:
import visvis as vv
if ax is None:
app = vv.use()
fig = vv.figure()
ax = vv.subplot(111)
else:
app = None
fig = ax.GetFigure()
ax.bgcolor = (1, 1, 1)
ax.axis.visible = 0
ax.axis.xLabel = 'x'
ax.axis.yLabel = 'y'
ax.axis.zLabel = 'z'
# head
c = -3
[X, Y, Z] = cylinder(r, n=n)
head = vv.surf(c + 6 * Z, X, Y)
head.faceColor = color_mouse
# nose
[x, y, z] = sphere(20)
nose = vv.surf(c + z * 1.5 + 6, x * 1.5, y * 1.5)
nose.faceColor = color_mouse
# ears
color = (.5, .5, .5)
ear1 = vv.surf(c + (z * 0.4) + 0, (x * 1.0) - 2.427,
-1 * ((y * 1.8) - 1.763))
ear1.faceColor = color
ear2 = vv.surf(c + (z * 0.4) + 0, (x * 1.0) + 2.427,
-1 * ((y * 1.8) - 1.763))
ear2.faceColor = color_mouse
# eyes
[x, y, z] = sphere(10)
color = (.9, .9, .9)
eye1 = vv.surf(c + (z * .8) + 3.5, (x * .8) - 1.2,
-1 * ((y * .8) - 1.6))
eye2 = vv.surf(c + (z * .8) + 3.5, (x * .8) + 1.2,
-1 * ((y * .8) - 1.6))
[setattr(eye, 'faceColor', color) for eye in [eye1, eye2]]
# pupils
color = (.1, .1, .1)
pupil1 = vv.surf(c + (z * .3) + 4.147 - .5, (x * .3) - 1.476 - .2,
-1 * ((y * .3) - 1.98))
pupil2 = vv.surf(c + (z * .3) + 4.147 - .5, (x * .3) + 1.476 + .2,
-1 * ((y * .3) - 1.98))
[setattr(pupil, 'faceColor', color) for pupil in [pupil1, pupil2]]
# whiskers
Px = np.array([-1.154, -1.214, -1.154, +1.154, +1.214, +1.154])
Py = np.array([-0.375, 0, 0.375, -0.375, 0, 0.375])
Pz = np.ones(np.size(Px)) * 3.882
WL = np.array([[0.5, 2], [0.05, 0.4]]) # whisker length
whiskers = []
for W in range(0, len(Px)): # W=0
if Px[W] < 0:
XSIGN = -1
else:
XSIGN = +1
if Py[W] < 0:
YSIGN = -1
elif Py[W] == 0:
YSIGN = 0
else:
YSIGN = +1
x = np.append(Px[W], Px[W] + XSIGN * WL[0, :])
y = np.append(Py[W], Py[W] + YSIGN * WL[1, :])
z = np.append(Pz[W], Pz[W])
tck, u = interpolate.splprep([x, y], k=2)
xi, yi = interpolate.splev(np.linspace(0, 1, 100), tck, der=0)
zi = np.ones(np.size(yi)) * Pz[W]
whisker = vv.plot(zi, xi, -1 * yi, lw=2, lc=(0, 0, 0))
whiskers.append(whisker)
if head_axes:
# show vector indicating orientation of head
length = 1
shrink = .825
if pitch is not None and roll is not None:
# convert pitch/roll to spherical coordinates by rotating
# a reference point around cartesian axes; note that x and
# y are swapped in visvis
p0 = np.array([0, 0, 1])
a = np.deg2rad(roll)
Rx = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, np.cos(a), -np.sin(a)],
[0, np.sin(a), np.cos(a)]])
b = np.deg2rad(pitch)
Ry = np.array([[np.cos(b), 0, np.sin(b)], [0, 1, 0],
[-np.sin(b), 0, np.cos(b)]])
direction = np.dot(Ry, np.dot(Rx, p0)) * length
else:
direction = sph2cart(length, theta, phi, degrees=True).ravel()
cyl = vv.solidCylinder(translation=(0, 0, .25),
scaling=(.05, .05, shrink * length),
direction=tuple(direction),
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cyl.faceColor = (.25, .95, .8)
cyl.do_not_rotate = True
cyl.do_not_scale = True
translation = direction * shrink + np.array([0, 0, .25])
cone = vv.solidCone(translation=tuple(translation),
scaling=(.1, .1, .2),
direction=tuple(direction),
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cone.faceColor = (.25, .95, .8)
cone.do_not_rotate = True
cone.do_not_scale = True
if gravity_axes:
# show vector indicating (negative) orientation of gravity
length = 1
shrink = .825
color = (.75, .75, .75)
direction = np.array([0, 0, 1])
cyl = vv.solidCylinder(translation=(0, 0, .25),
scaling=(.05, .05, shrink * length),
direction=tuple(direction),
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cyl.faceColor = color
cyl.do_not_rotate = True
cyl.do_not_scale = True
translation = direction * shrink + np.array([0, 0, .25])
cone = vv.solidCone(translation=tuple(translation),
scaling=(.1, .1, .2),
direction=tuple(direction),
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cone.faceColor = color
cone.do_not_rotate = True
cone.do_not_scale = True
# compute pitch and/or roll if not given
if pitch is None or roll is None:
# we have to find rotations (=angles) between the unit vector
# in spherical coordinates (1, theta, phi) and the planes
# for pitch (y/z) and roll (x/z); note that xyz is already
# normaizeed (norm = 1)
xyz = sph2cart(1, theta, phi, degrees=True).ravel()
if pitch is None:
# pitch (y/z plane with normal vector (1, 0, 0))
pitch = 90 - np.degrees(np.arccos(np.dot(xyz, [1, 0, 0])))
if roll is None:
# roll (x/z plane with normal vector (0, -1, 0))
roll = 90 - np.degrees(np.arccos(np.dot(xyz, [0, -1, 0])))
for obj in ax.wobjects:
if not hasattr(obj, 'do_not_scale'):
rot = vv.Transform_Scale(sx=.25, sy=.25, sz=.25)
obj.transformations.append(rot)
if obj.__class__ != vv.core.axises.CartesianAxis and\
not hasattr(obj, 'do_not_rotate'):
# note that x and y are swapped
rot = vv.Transform_Rotate(pitch, ax=0, ay=1, az=0)
obj.transformations.append(rot)
rot = vv.Transform_Rotate(roll, ax=1, ay=0, az=0)
obj.transformations.append(rot)
zoom = vv.view()['zoom']
if isometric:
vv.view(dict(azimuth=90 + ISO_AZIMUTH, elevation=ISO_ELEVATION),
zoom=4 * zoom,
axes=ax)
else:
vv.view(dict(azimuth=90 + azimuth, elevation=elevation),
zoom=4 * zoom,
axes=ax)
ax.light0.ambient = light_ambient
ax.light0.specular = light_specular
fig.DrawNow()
if app is not None:
app.ProcessEvents()
img = vv.screenshot(None, ob=ax, sf=2, bg=None, format=None)
if close_figure:
vv.close(fig)
fig = None
return fig, img
import visvis as vv
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.image import imread
from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data
app = vv.use()
imgdata = imread(get_sample_data('test0.png'))
for i in range(144):
globals()['imgdata%s' % i] = imread(get_sample_data('test'+str(i)+'.png'))
nr, nc = imgdata.shape[:2]
x,y = np.mgrid[:nr, :nc]
z = np.ones((nr, nc))
for s in range(10):
vv.surf(x, y, z*s*50, globals()['imgdata%s' % s])
app.Run()
astro = astro[100:-100, 100:-100, :]
# Smooth a bit
im = astro.copy()
im[1:, :, :] = astro[:-1, :, :]
im[:-1, :, :] += astro[1:, :, :]
im[:, :-1, :] += astro[:, 1:, :]
im[:, 1:, :] += astro[:, :-1, :]
im /= 4
# Prepare figure
vv.figure()
# Without color, with colormap
a1 = vv.subplot(121)
m1 = vv.surf(im[:, :, 0])
m1.colormap = vv.CM_HOT
vv.title('With colormap')
# With color
a2 = vv.subplot(122)
m2 = vv.surf(im[:, :, 0], im)
vv.title('With original texture')
# Flip y-axis, otherwise the image is upside down
a1.daspect = 1, -1, 1
a2.daspect = 1, -1, 1
# Enter mainloop
app = vv.use()
app.Run()
m = vv.Mesh(axes, vertices, faces, values=texcoords, verticesPerFace=4)
# Should we apply a texture?
if c is not None and c.ndim==3:
m.SetTexture(c)
# Adjust axes
if axesAdjust:
if axes.daspectAuto is None:
axes.daspectAuto = False
axes.cameraType = '3d'
axes.SetLimits()
# Return
axes.Draw()
return m
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Read image and smooth a bit
lena = vv.imread('lena.png').astype(np.float32)
im = lena.copy()
im[1:,:,:] = lena[:-1,:,:]
im[:-1,:,:] += lena[1:,:,:]
im[:,:-1,:] += lena[:,1:,:]
im[:,1:,:] += lena[:,:-1,:]
im /= 4
# Surf
m = vv.surf(im[:,:,0], im)
#'multiquadric': sqrt((r/self.epsilon)**2 + 1) #'inverse': 1.0/sqrt((r/self.epsilon)**2 + 1) #x2 = np.linspace(min(x2), max(x2)) #y2 = np.linspace(min(y2), max(y2)) #X2, Y2 = np.meshgrid(x2, y2) # interpolación Z = spline(X, Y) Z1 = spline1(X, Y) #Visualización con visvis f = visvis.gca() m = visvis.plot(x, y, z, lc='k', ls='', mc='g', mw=10, lw=10, ms='.') f.daspect = 1, 1, 10 # z x 10 #m = visvis.surf(xi,yi,Z) m = visvis.surf(xi, yi, Z) m = visvis.grid(xi, yi, Z1) m.colormap = visvis.CM_JET f.axis.visible = True #m = visvis.surf(x2,y2,Z2) #m.colormap = visvis.CM_JET #Volumen en cada interpolación con respecto a los puntos: #volume = Convexhull(xyz).volume # Necesario para que la vista no se cierre app = visvis.use() #Movimiento cámara en 3 dimensiones (FPS)
lena = lena[100:-100,100:-100, :]
# Smooth a bit
im = lena.copy()
im[1:,:,:] = lena[:-1,:,:]
im[:-1,:,:] += lena[1:,:,:]
im[:,:-1,:] += lena[:,1:,:]
im[:,1:,:] += lena[:,:-1,:]
im /= 4
# Prepare figure
vv.figure()
# Without color, with colormap
a1 = vv.subplot(121)
m1 = vv.surf(im[:,:,0])
m1.colormap = vv.CM_HOT
vv.title('With colormap')
# With color
a2 = vv.subplot(122)
m2 = vv.surf(im[:,:,0], im)
vv.title('With original texture')
# Flip y-axis, otherwise the image is upside down
a1.daspect = 1,-1,1
a2.daspect = 1,-1,1
# Enter mainloop
app=vv.use()
app.Run()
def visualizeDEM(X, Y, Z, scale=1.0):
"""Создание 3D-модели из вычисленных ранее массивов"""
m = visvis.surf(X, Y, scale * Z)
m.colormap = visvis.CM_JET
app = visvis.use()
app.Run()
polypp.append(i, polynom[0]*i**2 + polynom[1]*i + polynom[2])
# Visualize
vv.subplot(121)
vv.plot([-1,0,1],pp)
vv.plot([t_max, t_max], [0,1], lc='r')
vv.plot(polypp, lc='r')
## 2D
# Input and result
im = vv.imread('astronaut.png')[::,::,2].copy()
Y,X = np.where(im==im.max())
Y,X = Y[0], X[0]
im[Y-1,X] -= 20 # make more interesting :)
mat = im[Y-1:Y+2, X-1:X+2]
# Get result and scale mat
ymin, ymax, surface = fitting.fit_lq2(mat, True)
mat = Aarray(mat, sampling=(100, 100), origin=(50, 50))
# Visualize
vv.subplot(122)
vv.imshow(mat)
m = vv.surf(surface)
a = vv.gca()
a.SetLimits()
m.colormap = vv.CM_MAGMA
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"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
m = vv.surf(peaks())
def plot3d(self,
img,
bodies={
'pose3d': np.empty((0, 13, 3)),
'pose2d': np.empty((0, 13, 2))
},
hands={
'pose3d': np.empty((0, 21, 3)),
'pose2d': np.empty((0, 21, 2))
},
faces={
'pose3d': np.empty((0, 84, 3)),
'pose2d': np.empty((0, 84, 2))
},
body_with_wrists=[],
body_with_head=[],
interactive=False):
"""
:param img: a HxWx3 numpy array
:param bodies: dictionnaroes with 'pose3d' (resp 'pose2d') with the body 3D (resp 2D) pose
:param faces: same with face pose
:param hands: same with hand pose
:param body_with_wrists: list with for each body, a tuple (left_hand_id, right_hand_id) of the index of the hand detection attached to this body detection (-1 if none) for left and right hands
:parma body_with_head: list with for each body, the index of the face detection attached to this body detection (-1 if none)
:param interactive: whether to open the viewer in an interactive manner or not
"""
# body pose do not use the same coordinate systems
bodies['pose3d'][:, :, 0] *= -1
bodies['pose3d'][:, :, 1] *= -1
# Compute 3D scaled representation of each part, stored in "points3d"
hands, bodies, faces = [copy.copy(s) for s in (hands, bodies, faces)]
parts = (hands, bodies, faces)
for part in parts:
part['points3d'] = np.zeros_like(part['pose3d'])
for part_idx in range(len(part['pose3d'])):
points3d = scale_orthographic(part['pose3d'][part_idx],
part['pose2d'][part_idx])
part['points3d'][part_idx] = points3d
# Various display tricks to make the 3D visualization of full-body nice
# (1) for faces, add a Z offset to faces to align them with the body
for body_id, face_id in enumerate(body_with_head):
if face_id != -1:
z_offset = bodies['points3d'][body_id, 12, 2] - np.mean(
faces['points3d'][face_id, :, 2])
faces['points3d'][face_id, :, 2] += z_offset
# (2) for hands, add a 3D offset to put them at the wrist location
for body_id, (lwrist_id, rwrist_id) in enumerate(body_with_wrists):
if lwrist_id != -1:
hands['points3d'][lwrist_id, :, :] = bodies['points3d'][
body_id, 7, :] - hands['points3d'][lwrist_id, 0, :]
if rwrist_id != -1:
hands['points3d'][rwrist_id, :, :] = bodies['points3d'][
body_id, 6, :] - hands['points3d'][rwrist_id, 0, :]
img = np.asarray(img)
height, width = img.shape[:2]
fig = vv.figure(1)
fig.Clear()
fig._SetPosition(0, 0, self.figsize[0], self.figsize[1])
if not interactive:
fig._enableUserInteraction = False
axes = vv.gca()
# Hide axis
axes.axis.visible = False
scaling_factor = 1.0 / height
# Camera interaction is not intuitive along z axis
# We reference every object to a parent frame that is rotated to circumvent the issue
ref_frame = vv.Wobject(axes)
ref_frame.transformations.append(vv.Transform_Rotate(-90, 1, 0, 0))
ref_frame.transformations.append(
vv.Transform_Translate(-0.5 * width * scaling_factor, -0.5, 0))
# Draw image
if self.display2d:
# Display pose in 2D
img = visu.visualize_bodyhandface2d(img,
dict_poses2d={
'body': bodies['pose2d'],
'hand': hands['pose2d'],
'face': faces['pose2d']
},
lw=2,
max_padding=0,
bgr=False)
XX, YY = np.meshgrid([0, width * scaling_factor], [0, 1])
img_z_offset = 0.5
ZZ = img_z_offset * np.ones(XX.shape)
# Draw image
embedded_img = vv.surf(XX, YY, ZZ, img)
embedded_img.parent = ref_frame
embedded_img.ambientAndDiffuse = 1.0
# Draw a grid on the bottom floor to get a sense of depth
XX, ZZ = np.meshgrid(
np.linspace(0, width * scaling_factor, 10),
img_z_offset - np.linspace(0, width * scaling_factor, 10))
YY = np.ones_like(XX)
grid3d = vv.surf(XX, YY, ZZ)
grid3d.parent = ref_frame
grid3d.edgeColor = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0)
grid3d.edgeShading = 'plain'
grid3d.faceShading = None
# Draw pose
for part in parts:
for part_idx in range(len(part['points3d'])):
points3d = part['points3d'][part_idx] * scaling_factor
# Draw bones
J = len(points3d)
is_body = (J == 13)
ignore_neck = False if not is_body else body_with_head[
part_idx] != -1
bones, bonecolors, pltcolors = visu._get_bones_and_colors(
J, ignore_neck=ignore_neck)
for (kpt_id1, kpt_id2), color in zip(bones, bonecolors):
color = color[2], color[1], color[0] # BGR vs RGB
p1 = visu._get_xyz(points3d, kpt_id1)
p2 = visu._get_xyz(points3d, kpt_id2)
pointset = vv.Pointset(3)
pointset.append(p1)
pointset.append(p2)
# Draw bones as solid capsules
bone_radius = 0.005
line = vv.solidLine(pointset, radius=bone_radius)
line.faceColor = color
line.ambientAndDiffuse = 1.0
line.parent = ref_frame
# Draw keypoints, except for faces
if J != 84:
keypoints_to_plot = points3d
if ignore_neck:
# for a nicer display, ignore head keypoint
keypoints_to_plot = keypoints_to_plot[:12, :]
# Use solid spheres
for i in range(len(keypoints_to_plot)):
kpt_wobject = vv.solidSphere(
translation=keypoints_to_plot[i, :].tolist(),
scaling=1.5 * bone_radius)
kpt_wobject.faceColor = (255, 0, 0)
kpt_wobject.ambientAndDiffuse = 1.0
kpt_wobject.parent = ref_frame
# Use just an ambient lighting
axes.light0.ambient = 0.8
axes.light0.diffuse = 0.2
axes.light0.specular = 0.0
cam = vv.cameras.ThreeDCamera()
axes.camera = cam
#z axis
cam.azimuth = -45
cam.elevation = 20
cam.roll = 0
# Orthographic camera
cam.fov = 0
if self.camera_zoom is None:
cam.zoom *= 1.3 # Zoom a bit more
else:
cam.zoom = self.camera_zoom
if self.camera_location is not None:
cam.loc = self.camera_location
cam.SetView()
if interactive:
self.app.Run()
else:
fig._widget.update()
self.app.ProcessEvents()
img3d = vv.getframe(vv.gcf())
img3d = np.clip(img3d * 255, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
# Crop gray borders
img3d = img3d[10:-10, 10:-10, :]
return img3d, img
def updatePlot(self, X, Y, Z):
self.activePlot = (X,Y,Z)
x, y = np.meshgrid(X,Y)
vv.clf()
surface = vv.surf(x,y,Z)
surface.colormap = vv.CM_HOT
r = 5 + (np.sqrt((gray + 1)) - 1) * scalefactor
# Equirectangular parametric equations to convert 2D map to 3D projection
x = r * sin(phi) * cos(theta)
y = r * sin(phi) * sin(theta)
z = r * cos(phi) #+ 0.5* sin(sqrt(x**2 + y**2)) * cos(2*theta)
# ____ _ _
# | _ \| | ___ | |_
# | |_) | |/ _ \| __|
# | __/| | (_) | |_
# |_| |_|\___/ \__|
vv.figure()
vv.axis('off')
k = vv.surf(x, y, z, img)
# If you turn on edge shading, things get weird
k.faceShading = 'smooth'
k.edgeShading = None
Rot = vv.Transform_Rotate(1)
k.transformations.insert(0, Rot)
axes = vv.gca()
# Zoom
axes.SetLimits(margin=0.0)
axes.SetLimits(margin=0.0, rangeX=(-1, 1))
# Control lighting
#axes.bgcolor='k'
# axes.light0.ambient = 0.0 # 0.2 is default for light 0
def plot_density_sphere(xyz_centers,
H,
ax=None,
method='hist',
azimuth=None,
elevation=None,
backend='visvis',
oversample=1,
smoothing=None,
zoom=1.7,
cmap='jet',
scaling='log',
log_offset=-.1,
clim=None,
isometric=False,
light_ambient=.6,
light_specular=.5,
avg_direction=None,
pitch_label=True,
roll_label=True,
pitch_arrow=True,
roll_arrow=True,
arrow_color=(.25, .95, .8),
close_figure=False):
if azimuth is None:
azimuth = DEFAULT_AZIMUTH
if elevation is None:
elevation = DEFAULT_ELEVATION
scaling = scaling.lower()
if scaling.startswith('log'):
H = H / float(H.sum())
v = H > 0
if scaling == 'log':
H[v] = np.log(H[v])
elif scaling == 'log2':
H[v] = np.log2(H[v])
H[~v] = H[v].min() + log_offset
if smoothing is not None and smoothing > 1:
x = np.linspace(-3., 3., smoothing)
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(x, x)
G = np.exp((-xx**2 - yy**2))
H = signal.convolve2d(H, G / G.sum(), mode='same', boundary='wrap')
if backend in ['mpl', 'matplotlib']:
if ax is None:
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
from matplotlib.colors import LightSource
ls = LightSource(azdeg=315, altdeg=45)
cm = getattr(plt.cm, cmap)
colors = ls.shade(H, cmap=cm, blend_mode='soft', vert_exag=1)
ax.plot_surface(xyz_centers[:, 0].reshape(H),
xyz_centers[:, 1].reshape(H),
xyz_centers[:, 2].reshape(H),
cstride=1,
rstride=1,
facecolors=colors,
linewidth=0,
antialiased=False,
shade=False)
# add arrows in front of sphere
import mousecam_helpers as helpers
arrow_props = dict(arrowstyle='simple',
mutation_scale=15,
mutation_aspect=None,
linewidth=.5,
facecolor=3 * [.75],
edgecolor=3 * [.1])
length = .6
arr = helpers.Arrow3D((1, 1 + length), (0, 0), (0, 0), **arrow_props)
ax.add_artist(arr)
arr = helpers.Arrow3D((0, 0), (1, 1 + length), (0, 0), **arrow_props)
ax.add_artist(arr)
arr = helpers.Arrow3D((0, 0), (0, 0), (1, 1 + length), **arrow_props)
ax.add_artist(arr)
extents = 3 * [[-.6, .6]]
ax.auto_scale_xyz(*extents)
ax.set_aspect('equal')
ax.axis('off')
ax.view_init(elev=elevation, azim=360 - azimuth)
elif backend in ['mayavi', 'mlab']:
from mayavi import mlab
fig = mlab.figure(bgcolor=(1, 1, 1), size=(1000, 1000))
fig.scene.parallel_projection = True
mlab.mesh(xyz_centers[:, 0].reshape(H.shape),
xyz_centers[:, 1].reshape(H.shape),
xyz_centers[:, 2].reshape(H.shape),
scalars=H,
colormap='jet')
from tvtk.tools import visual
visual.set_viewer(fig)
arrow_kw = dict(color=(.75, .75, .75),
length_cone=.1,
radius_cone=.05,
radius_shaft=.025)
Arrow3D(0, 0, 0, 1.4, 0, 0, **arrow_kw)
Arrow3D(0, 0, 0, 0, 1.4, 0, **arrow_kw)
Arrow3D(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1.4, **arrow_kw)
if isometric:
fig.scene.isometric_view()
else:
mlab.view(azimuth=-azimuth, elevation=elevation, figure=fig)
fig.scene.camera.zoom(zoom)
ax = mlab.screenshot(figure=fig, mode='rgb', antialiased=False)
elif backend in ['visvis']:
import visvis as vv
app = vv.use()
fig = vv.figure()
ax = vv.subplot(111)
ax.axis.visible = 0
ax.axis.xLabel = 'x'
ax.axis.yLabel = 'y'
ax.axis.zLabel = 'z'
length = 1.4
for i in range(3):
direction = np.zeros((3, ))
direction[i] = 1
cyl = vv.solidCylinder(translation=(0, 0, 0),
scaling=(.05, .05, length),
direction=tuple(direction),
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cyl.faceColor = (.75, .75, .75)
translation = np.zeros((3, ))
translation[i] = length
cone = vv.solidCone(translation=tuple(translation),
scaling=(.1, .1, .2),
direction=tuple(direction),
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cone.faceColor = (.75, .75, .75)
surf = vv.surf(xyz_centers[:, 0].reshape(H.shape),
xyz_centers[:, 1].reshape(H.shape),
xyz_centers[:, 2].reshape(H.shape),
H,
axes=ax)
# set colormap
cmap = cmap.lower()
if cmap.endswith('_r'):
cm = vv.colormaps[cmap[:-2]]
cm = cm[::-1]
else:
cm = vv.colormaps[cmap]
surf.colormap = cm
if clim is not None:
# apply colormap limits
surf.clim = clim
# ax.Draw()
# add labels to indicate pitch and/or roll axes
aa = np.deg2rad(np.linspace(45, 315, 100) - 90)
r = .25 + .05
d = 1.25 + .25
color = (.25, .25, .25)
if pitch_arrow:
# pitch rotation (in x/z plane, i.e. around y-axis)
xx = r * np.cos(aa)
zz = r * np.sin(aa)
yy = d * np.ones_like(xx)
vv.plot(xx,
yy,
zz,
lw=5,
lc=color,
ls="-",
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
translation = (xx[0], yy[0], zz[0])
direction = (xx[0] - xx[1], yy[0] - yy[1], zz[0] - zz[1])
cone = vv.solidCone(translation=translation,
scaling=(.05, .05, .1),
direction=direction,
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cone.faceColor = color
if pitch_label:
vv.Text(ax, 'Pitch', x=0, y=.9 * d, z=.5, fontSize=28, color=color)
if roll_arrow:
# roll rotation (in y/z plane, i.e. around x-axis)
yy = r * np.cos(aa[::-1])
zz = r * np.sin(aa[::-1])
xx = d * np.ones_like(xx)
vv.plot(xx,
yy,
zz,
lw=5,
lc=color,
ls="-",
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
translation = (xx[0], yy[0], zz[0])
direction = (xx[0] - xx[1], yy[0] - yy[1], zz[0] - zz[1])
cone = vv.solidCone(translation=translation,
scaling=(.05, .05, .1),
direction=direction,
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cone.faceColor = color
if roll_label:
vv.Text(ax,
'Roll',
x=1.25 * d,
y=-.8,
z=0,
fontSize=28,
color=color)
if avg_direction is not None:
# indicate direction of avg head orientation
avg_direction = avg_direction / np.sqrt(np.sum(avg_direction**2))
avg_direction *= length
cyl = vv.solidCylinder(translation=(0, 0, 0),
scaling=(.05, .05, length),
direction=tuple(avg_direction),
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cyl.faceColor = arrow_color
cone = vv.solidCone(translation=tuple(avg_direction),
scaling=(.1, .1, .2),
direction=tuple(avg_direction),
axesAdjust=False,
axes=ax)
cone.faceColor = arrow_color
zoom_ = vv.view()['zoom']
if isometric:
vv.view(dict(azimuth=90 + ISO_AZIMUTH, elevation=ISO_ELEVATION),
zoom=zoom_ * zoom,
axes=ax)
else:
vv.view(dict(azimuth=90 + azimuth, elevation=elevation),
zoom=zoom * zoom_,
axes=ax)
ax.light0.ambient = light_ambient
ax.light0.specular = light_specular
fig.DrawNow()
app.ProcessEvents()
img = vv.screenshot(None, ob=ax, sf=2, bg=None, format=None)
ax = img
if close_figure:
vv.close(fig)
fig = None
return fig, ax
