def plot_ants_plane(off_screen=False, notebook=None):
"""
Demonstrate how to create a plot class to plot multiple meshes while
adding scalars and text.
Plot two ants and airplane
"""
# load and shrink airplane
airplane = vtki.PolyData(planefile)
airplane.points /= 10
# pts = airplane.points # gets pointer to array
# pts /= 10 # shrink
# rotate and translate ant so it is on the plane
ant = vtki.PolyData(antfile)
ant.rotate_x(90)
ant.translate([90, 60, 15])
# Make a copy and add another ant
ant_copy = ant.copy()
ant_copy.translate([30, 0, -10])
# Create plotting object
plotter = vtki.Plotter(off_screen=off_screen, notebook=notebook)
plotter.add_mesh(ant, 'r')
plotter.add_mesh(ant_copy, 'b')
# Add airplane mesh and make the color equal to the Y position
plane_scalars = airplane.points[:, 1]
plotter.add_mesh(airplane,
scalars=plane_scalars,
stitle='Plane Y\nLocation')
plotter.add_text('Ants and Plane Example')
plotter.plot()
def test_invalid_file():
with pytest.raises(Exception):
mesh = vtki.PolyData('file.bad')
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
filename = os.path.join(test_path, 'test_polydata.py')
mesh = vtki.PolyData(filename)
def test_invalid_init():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
mesh = vtki.PolyData(np.array([1]))
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
mesh = vtki.PolyData(np.array([1]), 'woa')
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
mesh = vtki.PolyData('woa', 'woa')
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
mesh = vtki.PolyData('woa', 'woa', 'woa')
def test_init_from_arrays_triangular():
vertices = np.array([[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0],
[0.5, 0.5, -1]])
# mesh faces
faces = np.vstack([[3, 0, 1, 2], [3, 0, 1, 4], [3, 1, 2, 4]])
mesh = vtki.PolyData(vertices, faces)
assert mesh.n_points == 5
assert mesh.n_cells == 3
mesh = vtki.PolyData(vertices, faces, deep=True)
assert mesh.n_points == 5
assert mesh.n_cells == 3
def test_init_from_arrays():
vertices = np.array([[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0],
[0.5, 0.5, -1]])
# mesh faces
faces = np.hstack([[4, 0, 1, 2, 3], [3, 0, 1, 4], [3, 1, 2,
4]]).astype(np.int8)
mesh = vtki.PolyData(vertices, faces)
assert mesh.n_points == 5
assert mesh.n_cells == 3
mesh = vtki.PolyData(vertices, faces, deep=True)
vertices[0] += 1
assert not np.allclose(vertices[0], mesh.points[0])
def add_border(self, color=[1, 1, 1], width=2.0):
points = np.array([[1., 1., 0.],
[0., 1., 0.],
[0., 0., 0.],
[1., 0., 0.]])
lines = np.array([[2, 0, 1],
[2, 1, 2],
[2, 2, 3],
[2, 3, 0]]).ravel()
poly = vtki.PolyData()
poly.points = points
poly.lines = lines
coordinate = vtk.vtkCoordinate()
coordinate.SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedViewport()
mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper2D()
mapper.SetInputData(poly);
mapper.SetTransformCoordinate(coordinate);
actor = vtk.vtkActor2D()
actor.SetMapper(mapper)
actor.GetProperty().SetColor(parse_color(color))
actor.GetProperty().SetLineWidth(width)
self.add_actor(actor)
def contour(self,
surface,
scalars,
contours,
line_width=1.0,
opacity=1.0,
vmin=None,
vmax=None,
colormap=None):
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
if colormap is None:
cmap = cm.get_cmap('coolwarm')
else:
cmap = ListedColormap(colormap / 255.0)
vertices = np.array(surface['rr'])
triangles = np.array(surface['tris'])
n_triangles = len(triangles)
triangles = np.c_[np.full(n_triangles, 3), triangles]
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=FutureWarning)
pd = vtki.PolyData(vertices, triangles)
pd.point_arrays['scalars'] = scalars
self.plotter.add_mesh(pd.contour(isosurfaces=contours,
rng=(vmin, vmax)),
show_scalar_bar=False,
line_width=line_width,
cmap=cmap,
opacity=opacity)
def surface(self,
surface,
color=None,
opacity=1.0,
vmin=None,
vmax=None,
colormap=None,
scalars=None,
backface_culling=False):
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
if colormap is None:
cmap = cm.get_cmap('coolwarm')
else:
cmap = ListedColormap(colormap / 255.0)
vertices = np.array(surface['rr'])
triangles = np.array(surface['tris'])
n_triangles = len(triangles)
triangles = np.c_[np.full(n_triangles, 3), triangles]
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=FutureWarning)
pd = vtki.PolyData(vertices, triangles)
if scalars is not None:
pd.point_arrays['scalars'] = scalars
self.plotter.add_mesh(mesh=pd,
color=color,
rng=[vmin, vmax],
show_scalar_bar=False,
opacity=opacity,
cmap=cmap,
backface_culling=backface_culling)
def load_texture_to_omf(filename, name, description):
"""Loads a PNG Image texture to an ``omf.ImageTexture`` object"""
# Load a raster
import gdal
ds = gdal.Open(filename.replace('.png', '.tif'))
# Grab the Groung Control Points
points = np.array([get_point(gcp) for gcp in ds.GetGCPs()])
if points.size < 1:
raise RuntimeError(
'No associated tif file to recover spatial reference.')
# Now Grab the three corners of their bounding box
#-- This guarantees we grab the right points
bounds = vtki.PolyData(points).bounds
origin = np.array([bounds[0], bounds[2], bounds[4]]) # BOTTOM LEFT CORNER
point_u = np.array([bounds[1], bounds[2],
bounds[4]]) # BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER
point_v = np.array([bounds[0], bounds[3], bounds[4]]) # TOP LEFT CORNER
axis_u = point_u - origin
axis_v = point_v - origin
the_texture = omf.ImageTexture(
origin=origin,
axis_u=axis_u,
axis_v=axis_v,
name=name,
description=description,
image=filename,
)
return the_texture
def read(filename):
"""This will read any VTK file! It will figure out what reader to use
then wrap the VTK object for use in ``vtki``
"""
def legacy(filename):
reader = vtk.vtkDataSetReader()
reader.SetFileName(filename)
reader.Update()
return reader.GetOutputDataObject(0)
ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]
if ext.lower() in '.vtk':
# Use a legacy reader and wrap the result
return wrap(legacy(filename))
else:
# From the extension, decide which reader to use
if ext.lower() in '.vti': # ImageData
return vtki.UniformGrid(filename)
elif ext.lower() in '.vtr': # RectilinearGrid
return vtki.RectilinearGrid(filename)
elif ext.lower() in '.vtu': # UnstructuredGrid
return vtki.UnstructuredGrid(filename)
elif ext.lower() in '.ply': # PolyData
return vtki.PolyData(filename)
elif ext.lower() in '.vts': # UnstructuredGrid
return vtki.StructuredGrid(filename)
else:
# Attempt to use the legacy reader...
try:
return wrap(legacy(filename))
except:
pass
raise IOError("This file was not able to be automatically read by vtki.")
def test_init_as_points():
vertices = np.array([[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0],
[0.5, 0.5, -1]])
mesh = vtki.PolyData(vertices)
assert mesh.n_points == vertices.shape[0]
assert mesh.n_cells == vertices.shape[0]
def lines_from_points(points):
"""
Generates line from points. Assumes points are ordered as line segments.
Parameters
----------
points : np.ndarray
Points representing line segments. For example, two line segments
would be represented as:
np.array([[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0]])
Returns
-------
lines : vtki.PolyData
PolyData with lines and cells.
Examples
--------
This example plots two line segments at right angles to each other line.
>>> import vtki
>>> import numpy as np
>>> points = np.array([[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0]])
>>> lines = vtki.lines_from_points(points)
>>> lines.plot() # doctest:+SKIP
"""
# Assuming ordered points, create array defining line order
npoints = points.shape[0] - 1
lines = np.vstack((2 * np.ones(npoints, np.int), np.arange(npoints),
np.arange(1, npoints + 1))).T.ravel()
return vtki.PolyData(points, lines)
def test_save(extension, binary, tmpdir):
filename = str(tmpdir.mkdir("tmpdir").join('tmp.%s' % extension))
sphere.save(filename, binary)
mesh = vtki.PolyData(filename)
assert mesh.faces.shape == sphere.faces.shape
assert mesh.points.shape == sphere.points.shape
def mesh(self, x, y, z, triangles, color, opacity=1.0, shading=False,
backface_culling=False, **kwargs):
vertices = np.c_[x, y, z]
n_triangles = len(triangles)
triangles = np.c_[np.full(n_triangles, 3), triangles]
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=FutureWarning)
pd = vtki.PolyData(vertices, triangles)
self.plotter.add_mesh(mesh=pd, color=color, opacity=opacity,
backface_culling=backface_culling)
def vector_poly_data(orig, vec):
""" Creates a vtkPolyData object composed of vectors """
# shape, dimention checking
if not isinstance(orig, np.ndarray):
orig = np.asarray(orig)
if not isinstance(vec, np.ndarray):
vec = np.asarray(vec)
if orig.ndim != 2:
orig = orig.reshape((-1, 3))
elif orig.shape[1] != 3:
raise Exception('orig array must be 3D')
if vec.ndim != 2:
vec = vec.reshape((-1, 3))
elif vec.shape[1] != 3:
raise Exception('vec array must be 3D')
# Create vtk points and cells objects
vpts = vtk.vtkPoints()
vpts.SetData(numpy_to_vtk(np.ascontiguousarray(orig), deep=True))
npts = orig.shape[0]
cells = np.hstack((np.ones((npts, 1), 'int'), np.arange(npts).reshape(
(-1, 1))))
if cells.dtype != ctypes.c_int64 or cells.flags.c_contiguous:
cells = np.ascontiguousarray(cells, ctypes.c_int64)
cells = np.reshape(cells, (2 * npts))
vcells = vtk.vtkCellArray()
vcells.SetCells(npts, numpy_to_vtkIdTypeArray(cells, deep=True))
# Create vtkPolyData object
pdata = vtk.vtkPolyData()
pdata.SetPoints(vpts)
pdata.SetVerts(vcells)
# Add vectors to polydata
name = 'vectors'
vtkfloat = numpy_to_vtk(np.ascontiguousarray(vec), deep=True)
vtkfloat.SetName(name)
pdata.GetPointData().AddArray(vtkfloat)
pdata.GetPointData().SetActiveVectors(name)
# Add magnitude of vectors to polydata
name = 'mag'
scalars = (vec * vec).sum(1)**0.5
vtkfloat = numpy_to_vtk(np.ascontiguousarray(scalars), deep=True)
vtkfloat.SetName(name)
pdata.GetPointData().AddArray(vtkfloat)
pdata.GetPointData().SetActiveScalars(name)
return vtki.PolyData(pdata)
def test_export_verts(tmpdir):
filename = str(tmpdir.mkdir("tmpdir").join('scene'))
data = vtki.PolyData(np.random.rand(100, 3))
# Create the scene
plotter = vtki.Plotter(off_screen=OFF_SCREEN)
plotter.add_mesh(data)
plotter.export_vtkjs(filename)
cpos_out = plotter.show() # Export must be called before showing!
plotter.close()
# Now make sure the file is there
assert os.path.isfile('{}.vtkjs'.format(filename))
def with_vtk(plot=True):
""" Tests VTK interface and mesh repair of Stanford Bunny Mesh """
mesh = vtki.PolyData(bunny_scan)
meshfix = pymeshfix.MeshFix(mesh)
if plot:
print('Plotting input mesh')
meshfix.Plot()
meshfix.Repair()
if plot:
print('Plotting repaired mesh')
meshfix.Plot()
return meshfix.mesh
def test_contour():
dataset = examples.load_uniform()
iso = dataset.contour()
assert iso is not None
iso = dataset.contour(isosurfaces=[100, 300, 500])
assert iso is not None
with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
result = dataset.contour(scalars='Spatial Cell Data')
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
result = dataset.contour(isosurfaces=vtki.PolyData())
dataset = examples.load_airplane()
with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
result = dataset.contour()
def sphere(self, center, color, scale, opacity=1.0,
resolution=8, backface_culling=False):
sphere = vtk.vtkSphereSource()
sphere.SetThetaResolution(resolution)
sphere.SetPhiResolution(resolution)
sphere.Update()
geom = sphere.GetOutput()
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=FutureWarning)
pd = vtki.PolyData(center)
self.plotter.add_mesh(pd.glyph(orient=False, scale=False,
factor=scale, geom=geom),
color=color, opacity=opacity,
backface_culling=backface_culling)
def test_load_and_save_file(tmpdir):
meshfix = _meshfix.PyTMesh()
meshfix.load_file(examples.bunny_scan)
with pytest.raises(Exception):
meshfix.load_file(examples.bunny_scan)
v, f = meshfix.return_arrays()
assert f.shape[0] == bunny.n_faces
# test saving
filename = str(tmpdir.mkdir("tmpdir").join('tmp.ply'))
meshfix.save_file(filename)
new_bunny = vtki.PolyData(filename)
assert new_bunny.points.shape == v.shape
def test_repair_vtk():
meshin = vtki.PolyData(bunny_scan)
meshfix = pymeshfix.MeshFix(meshin)
meshfix.repair()
# check arrays and output mesh
assert np.any(meshfix.v)
assert np.any(meshfix.f)
meshout = meshfix.mesh
assert meshfix.mesh.n_points
# test for any holes
pdata = meshout.extract_edges(non_manifold_edges=False, feature_edges=False,
manifold_edges=False)
assert pdata.n_points == 0
def read(filename, attrs=None):
"""This will read any VTK file! It will figure out what reader to use
then wrap the VTK object for use in ``vtki``.
Parameters
----------
attrs : dict, optional
A dictionary of attributes to call on the reader. Keys of dictionary are
the attribute/method names and values are the arguments passed to those
calls. If you do not have any attributes to call, pass ``None`` as the
value.
"""
filename = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(filename))
ext = get_ext(filename)
# From the extension, decide which reader to use
if attrs is not None:
reader = get_reader(filename)
return standard_reader_routine(reader, filename, attrs=attrs)
elif ext in '.vti': # ImageData
return vtki.UniformGrid(filename)
elif ext in '.vtr': # RectilinearGrid
return vtki.RectilinearGrid(filename)
elif ext in '.vtu': # UnstructuredGrid
return vtki.UnstructuredGrid(filename)
elif ext in ['.ply', '.obj', '.stl']: # PolyData
return vtki.PolyData(filename)
elif ext in '.vts': # StructuredGrid
return vtki.StructuredGrid(filename)
elif ext in ['.vtm', '.vtmb']:
return vtki.MultiBlock(filename)
elif ext in ['.e', '.exo']:
return read_exodus(filename)
elif ext in ['.vtk']:
# Attempt to use the legacy reader...
return read_legacy(filename)
else:
# Attempt find a reader in the readers mapping
try:
reader = get_reader(filename)
return standard_reader_routine(reader, filename)
except KeyError:
pass
raise IOError("This file was not able to be automatically read by vtki.")
def load_attach_texture(dataset, filename, name):
"""Loads a texture and attaches it to the dataset inplace.
"""
import gdal
# Load a raster
ds = gdal.Open(filename)
texture = vtki.load_texture(filename)
# Grab the Groung Control Points
points = np.array([get_point(gcp) for gcp in ds.GetGCPs()])
# Now Grab the three corners of their bounding box
#-- This guarantees we grab the right points
bounds = vtki.PolyData(points).bounds
origin = [bounds[0], bounds[2], bounds[4]] # BOTTOM LEFT CORNER
point_u = [bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[4]] # BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER
point_v = [bounds[0], bounds[3], bounds[4]] # TOP LEFT CORNER
dataset.texture_map_to_plane(origin,
point_u,
point_v,
inplace=True,
name=name)
dataset.textures[name] = texture
return None # No return because it updates input object inplace
def test_texture():
"""Test adding texture coordinates"""
# create a rectangle vertices
vertices = np.array([
[0, 0, 0],
[1, 0, 0],
[1, 0.5, 0],
[0, 0.5, 0],
])
# mesh faces
faces = np.hstack([[3, 0, 1, 2], [3, 0, 3, 2]]).astype(np.int8)
# Create simple texture coordinates
t_coords = np.array([[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 1], [0, 1]])
# Create the poly data
mesh = vtki.PolyData(vertices, faces)
# Attempt setting the texture coordinates
mesh.t_coords = t_coords
# now grab the texture coordinates
foo = mesh.t_coords
assert np.allclose(foo, t_coords)
def img2D(points):
#三角形片面重建模型
sg.Popup('渲染正在进行中，请您耐心等候一段时间~~~',
button_color=('white', 'blue'),
background_color='white',
keep_on_top=True)
gif(gifpath2)
cloud = vtki.PolyData(points)
# bcloud = vtki.PolyData(blist)
# roicloud = vtki.PolyData(roilist)
surf = cloud.delaunay_2d(tol=1e-08,
alpha=1,
offset=100.0,
bound=False,
inplace=False)
# surf1 = bcloud.delaunay_2d(tol = 1e-08,alpha = 0.3,offset = 100.0,bound = False,inplace =False )
# surf2 = roicloud.delaunay_2d(tol = 1e-08,alpha = 0.1,offset = 100.0,bound = False,inplace =False )
print(type(surf))
plotter = vtki.BackgroundPlotter()
plotter.add_mesh(surf)
# plotter.add_mesh(surf1)
# plotter.add_mesh(surf2)
plotter.show()
import vtki
import numpy as np
################################################################################
# First, create some points for the surface.
# Define a simple Gaussian surface
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-200,200,20), np.linspace(-200,200,20))
A, b = 100, 100
zz = A*np.exp(-0.5*((xx/b)**2. + (yy/b)**2.))
# Get the points as a 2D NumPy array (N by 3)
points = np.c_[xx.reshape(-1), yy.reshape(-1), zz.reshape(-1)]
print(points[0:5, :])
################################################################################
# Now use those points to create a point cloud ``vtki`` data object. This will
# be encompassed in a :class:`vtki.PolyData` object.
# simply pass the numpy points to the PolyData constructor
cloud = vtki.PolyData(points)
vtki.set_plot_theme('doc')
cloud.plot(point_size=15)
################################################################################
# Now that we have a ``vtki`` data structure of the points, we can perform a
# triangulation to turn those boring discrete points into a connected surface.
surf = cloud.delaunay_2d()
surf.plot(show_edges=True)
def test_init():
mesh = vtki.PolyData()
assert not mesh.n_points
assert not mesh.n_cells
def test_init_from_pdata():
mesh = vtki.PolyData(sphere, deep=True)
assert mesh.n_points
assert mesh.n_cells
mesh.points[0] += 1
assert not np.allclose(sphere.points[0], mesh.points[0])
def mesh(self):
""" Return the surface mesh """
triangles = np.empty((self.f.shape[0], 4))
triangles[:, -3:] = self.f
triangles[:, 0] = 3
return vtki.PolyData(self.v, triangles, deep=False)
def triangulation(pts,
downsampling=(1, 1, 1),
n_closings=0,
single_cc=False,
decimate_mesh=0,
gradient_direction='descent',
force_single_cc=False):
"""
Calculates triangulation of point cloud or dense volume using marching cubes
by building dense matrix (in case of a point cloud) and applying marching
cubes.
Parameters
----------
pts : np.array
[N, 3] or [N, M, O] (dtype: uint8, bool)
downsampling : Tuple[int]
Magnitude of downsampling, e.g. 1, 2, (..) which is applied to pts
for each axis
n_closings : int
Number of closings applied before mesh generation
single_cc : bool
Returns mesh of biggest connected component only
decimate_mesh : float
Percentage of mesh size reduction, i.e. 0.1 will leave 90% of the
vertices
gradient_direction : str
defines orientation of triangle indices. '?' is needed for KNOSSOS
compatibility. TODO: check compatible index orientation, switched to `descent`, 23April2019
force_single_cc : bool
If True, performans dilations until only one foreground CC is present
and then erodes with the same number to maintain size.
Returns
-------
array, array, array
indices [M, 3], vertices [N, 3], normals [N, 3]
"""
if boundaryDistanceTransform is None:
raise ImportError(
'"boundaryDistanceTransform" could not be imported from VIGRA. '
'Please install vigra, see SyConn documentation.')
assert type(
downsampling) == tuple, "Downsampling has to be of type 'tuple'"
assert (pts.ndim == 2 and pts.shape[1] == 3) or pts.ndim == 3, \
"Point cloud used for mesh generation has wrong shape."
if pts.ndim == 2:
if np.max(pts) <= 1:
msg = "Currently this function only supports point " \
"clouds with coordinates >> 1."
log_proc.error(msg)
raise ValueError(msg)
offset = np.min(pts, axis=0)
pts -= offset
pts = (pts / downsampling).astype(np.uint32)
# add zero boundary around object
margin = n_closings + 5
pts += margin
bb = np.max(pts, axis=0) + margin
volume = np.zeros(bb, dtype=np.float32)
volume[pts[:, 0], pts[:, 1], pts[:, 2]] = 1
else:
volume = pts
if np.any(np.array(downsampling) != 1):
ndimage.zoom(volume, downsampling, order=0)
offset = np.array([0, 0, 0])
if n_closings > 0:
volume = binary_closing(volume,
iterations=n_closings).astype(np.float32)
if force_single_cc:
n_dilations = 0
while True:
labeled, nb_cc = ndimage.label(volume)
# log_proc.debug('Forcing single CC, additional dilations {}, num'
# 'ber connected components: {}'
# ''.format(n_dilations, nb_cc))
if nb_cc == 1: # does not count background
break
# pad volume to maintain margin at boundary and correct offset
volume = np.pad(volume, [(1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1)],
mode='constant',
constant_values=0)
offset -= 1
volume = binary_dilation(volume,
iterations=1).astype(np.float32)
n_dilations += 1
else:
volume = volume.astype(np.float32)
if single_cc:
labeled, nb_cc = ndimage.label(volume)
cnt = Counter(labeled[labeled != 0])
l, occ = cnt.most_common(1)[0]
volume = np.array(labeled == l, dtype=np.float32)
# InterpixelBoundary, OuterBoundary, InnerBoundary
dt = boundaryDistanceTransform(volume, boundary="InterpixelBoundary")
dt[volume == 1] *= -1
volume = gaussianSmoothing(dt, 1)
if np.sum(volume < 0) == 0 or np.sum(volume > 0) == 0: # less smoothing
volume = gaussianSmoothing(dt, 0.5)
try:
verts, ind, norm, _ = measure.marching_cubes_lewiner(
volume, 0, gradient_direction=gradient_direction)
except Exception as e:
raise ValueError(e)
if pts.ndim == 2: # account for [5, 5, 5] offset
verts -= margin
verts = np.array(verts) * downsampling + offset
if decimate_mesh > 0:
if not __vtk_avail__:
msg = "vtki not installed. Please install vtki.'" \
"pip install vtki'."
log_proc.error(msg)
raise ImportError(msg)
# log_proc.warning("'triangulation': Currently mesh-sparsification"
# " may not preserve volume.")
# add number of vertices in front of every face (required by vtki)
ind = np.concatenate(
[np.ones((len(ind), 1)).astype(np.int64) * 3, ind], axis=1)
mesh = vtki.PolyData(verts, ind.flatten())
mesh.decimate(decimate_mesh, volume_preservation=True)
# remove face sizes again
ind = mesh.faces.reshape((-1, 4))[:, 1:]
verts = mesh.points
mo = MeshObject("", ind, verts)
# compute normals
norm = mo.normals.reshape((-1, 3))
return np.array(ind, dtype=np.int), verts, norm
