def rna_installation_costs(NT):
r0 = rotor_radius
# Installation - Rotor-nacelle assembly
onshore_transport_coef_a = Cost1(5.84e-3, 'Euro', 2001) # [Euro]
onshore_transport_coef_b = Cost1(0.4, 'Euro', 2001) # [Euro]
onshore_transport_coef_c = Cost1(0.486, 'Euro', 2001) # [Euro]
onshore_transport_exp = 2.64
turbine_installation_per_turbine_coef_a = Cost1(3.4e3, 'USD',
2010) # [$/(m * turbine)]
turbine_installation_per_turbine_coef_b = 50.0 # [m]
# Investment costs - Installation - Rotor-nacelle assembly
diameter = 2.0 * r0
transport_per_turbine = (
(onshore_transport_coef_a * diameter + onshore_transport_coef_b) *
onshore_transport_distance +
onshore_transport_coef_c * diameter**onshore_transport_exp)
inv_installation_turbines_onshore_transport = NT * transport_per_turbine
inv_installation_turbines_offshore_works = (
NT * turbine_installation_per_turbine_coef_a *
(hub_height + turbine_installation_per_turbine_coef_b))
total_rna_installation = inv_installation_turbines_offshore_works + inv_installation_turbines_onshore_transport
return total_rna_installation
def auxiliary_procurement(depth_central_platform, n_substations, n_turbines):
# Procurement-Auxiliary
measuring_tower_costs = Cost1(2050000.0, 'Euro', 2003) # [Euro]
onshore_premises_costs = Cost1(1500000.0, 'Euro', 2003) # [Euro]
central_platform_modesty_factor = 2.0 / 3.0 # Introduced because the cost model was for a sophisticated platform that didn't match realised platforms
central_platform_coef_a = Cost1(0.4e-3, 'SEK', 2003) # [SEK/kg^2]
central_platform_coef_b = Cost1(-50.0, 'SEK', 2003) # [SEK/kg]
central_platform_coef_c = Cost1(-80.0e6, 'SEK', 2003) # [SEK]
jacket_mass_coef_a = 582.0
jacket_mass_exp_a = 0.19
jacket_mass_exp_b = 0.48
topside_mass_coef_a = 3.0e-3
topside_mass_coef_b = 0.5e6
# # Investment costs - Procurement - Auxiliary
topside_mass = (topside_mass_coef_a * n_turbines * P_rated +
topside_mass_coef_b) / n_substations
mass_jacket = (jacket_mass_coef_a *
depth_central_platform**jacket_mass_exp_a *
topside_mass**jacket_mass_exp_b)
inv_procurement_auxiliary_measuring_tower = measuring_tower_costs
inv_procurement_auxiliary_onshore_premises = onshore_premises_costs
inv_procurement_auxiliary_offshore_platform = central_platform_modesty_factor * (
central_platform_coef_a * mass_jacket**2.0 + central_platform_coef_b *
mass_jacket + central_platform_coef_c) * n_substations
total_auxiliary_procurement = inv_procurement_auxiliary_measuring_tower + inv_procurement_auxiliary_offshore_platform + inv_procurement_auxiliary_onshore_premises
return total_auxiliary_procurement
def auxiliary_installation_costs(NT):
# Installation - Auxiliary
harbour_per_watt = Cost1(0.02, 'USD', 2002) # [$/Watt]
measuring_tower_installation_costs = Cost1(550000.0, 'Euro',
2003) # [Euro]
# Investment costs - Installation - Auxiliary
inv_installation_auxiliary_harbour = NT * P_rated * harbour_per_watt
inv_installation_auxiliary_measuring_tower = measuring_tower_installation_costs
total_aux_installation = inv_installation_auxiliary_harbour + inv_installation_auxiliary_measuring_tower
return total_aux_installation
def electrical_installation_costs():
cable_laying_transmission_per_distance = Cost1(178.0, 'USD', 2010) # [$/m]
cable_laying_fixed_costs = Cost1(500000.0, 'Euro', 2003) # [euro]
cable_dune_crossing_costs = Cost1(1.2e6, 'Euro', 2003) # [euro]
inv_installation_electrical_system_transmission_cable = (
cable_laying_fixed_costs +
cable_laying_transmission_per_distance * distance_to_grid)
inv_installation_electrical_system_dune_crossing = cable_dune_crossing_costs
electrical_installation_total = inv_installation_electrical_system_dune_crossing + inv_installation_electrical_system_transmission_cable
return electrical_installation_total
def project_development_cost(number_turbines, rated_power):
NT = number_turbines
P_rated = rated_power
engineering_per_watt = Cost1(0.037, 'USD', 2003) # [$/Watt]
# Investment costs - Project development
inv_project_development_engineering = NT * P_rated * engineering_per_watt
return inv_project_development_engineering
def decommissioning_costs(infield_cable_length, NT):
# ----------------- Decommisioning costs/Removal/Disposal - Input --------------------
scour_protection_removal_per_volume = Cost1(33.0, 'USD', 2010) # [$/m^3]
turbine_removal_factor = 0.91 # [-]
site_clearance_per_turbine = Cost1(16000.0, 'USD', 2010) # [$]
turbine_disposal_per_mass = Cost1(0.15, 'USD', 2010) # [$/kg]
substation_and_metmast_removal = Cost1(665000.0, 'USD', 2010) # [$]
transmission_cable_removal_price = Cost1(49.0, 'USD', 2010) # [$/m]
infield_cable_removal_price = Cost1(53.0, 'USD', 2010) # [$/m]
turbine_installation_per_turbine_coef_a = Cost1(3.4e3, 'USD',
2010) # [$/(m * turbine)]
turbine_installation_per_turbine_coef_b = 50.0 # [m]
inv_installation_turbines_offshore_works = (
NT * turbine_installation_per_turbine_coef_a *
(hub_height + turbine_installation_per_turbine_coef_b))
decommissioning_removal_turbines = turbine_removal_factor * inv_installation_turbines_offshore_works
decommissioning_removal_site_clearance = NT * site_clearance_per_turbine
decommissioning_removal_substation_and_metmast = substation_and_metmast_removal
decommissioning_removal_transmission_cable = transmission_cable_removal_price * distance_to_grid
decommissioning_removal_infield_cable = infield_cable_removal_price * infield_cable_length
# Decommissioning costs - Disposal
decommissioning_disposal_turbines = NT * turbine_disposal_per_mass * mass
decommissioning_costs = decommissioning_removal_turbines + decommissioning_removal_site_clearance + decommissioning_removal_substation_and_metmast + decommissioning_removal_transmission_cable + decommissioning_removal_infield_cable + decommissioning_disposal_turbines
total_decommissioning_costs = decommissioning_costs * (
management_percentage / 100.0 + 1.0)
return total_decommissioning_costs
def electrical_procurement_costs(NT):
# Procurement - Electrical system
transformer_coef_A1 = Cost1(0.00306, 'Euro', 2012) # [euro/W]
transformer_coef_B1 = Cost1(810.0, 'Euro', 2012) # [euro]
transformer_coef_A2 = Cost1(1.16, 'Euro', 2012) # [euro/'W']
transformer_coef_B2 = 0.7513 # [-]
transformer_coef_C1 = 0.039 # [-]
copper_price = Cost1(5.0, 'Euro', 2003) # [euro/kg]
xlpe_insulation_price = Cost1(15.0, 'Euro', 2003) # [euro/kg]
cable_costs_offset = Cost1(50.0, 'Euro', 2003) # [euro/m]
cable_manufacturing_surcharge = 2.3 # [-] (For manufacturing and materials besides copper and XLPE)
shunt_reactor_exp_a = 0.7513 # [-]
shunt_reactor_coef_a = Cost1(0.807, 'Euro', 2012) # [~euro/VAr]
# Investment costs - Procurement -Electrical system
voltage_at_turbine = generator_voltage
onshore_transformer_winding_ratio = transmission_voltage / grid_coupling_point_voltage
offshore_transformer_winding_ratio = V_rated_voltage[rv] / transmission_voltage
turbine_transformer_winding_ratio = voltage_at_turbine / V_rated_voltage[rv]
transmission_cable_voltage = onshore_transformer_winding_ratio * grid_coupling_point_voltage
max_current_at_rated = (NT * P_rated) / (sqrt(3.0) * transmission_cable_voltage)
d_conductor = 33.0e-9 * max_current_at_rated ** 2 + 8.9e-6 * max_current_at_rated + 5.7e-3
a_conductor = 0.25 * pi * d_conductor ** 2
t_conductor_screen = 1.1 * a_conductor
d_conductor_screen = d_conductor + 2.0 * t_conductor_screen
t_insulation = 83.0e-9 * V_rated_voltage[rv] + 4.0e-3
d_insulation = d_conductor_screen + 2.0 * t_insulation
transmission_cable_length = distance_to_grid
copper_mass_pm = 3 * a_conductor * rho_copper
xlpe_mass_pm = (3 * (d_insulation ** 2 - d_conductor_screen ** 2) * 0.25 * pi * rho_xlpe)
copper_price_pm = copper_mass_pm * copper_price
xlpe_price_pm = xlpe_mass_pm * xlpe_insulation_price
manufacturing_price_pm = cable_costs_offset + cable_manufacturing_surcharge * (copper_price_pm + xlpe_price_pm)
transmission_cable_capacitance = (2.0 * pi * epsilon_0 * epsilon_r / (log(d_insulation / d_conductor_screen)))
power_shunt_reactor_onshore = 1.0 / (2.0 * pi ** 2 * frequency ** 2 * transmission_cable_capacitance * transmission_cable_length)
power_shunt_reactor_offshore = 1.0 / (2.0 * pi ** 2 * frequency ** 2 * transmission_cable_capacitance * transmission_cable_length)
inv_procurement_electrical_system_transformer = (transformer_coef_A1 * P_rated + transformer_coef_B1) * exp(transformer_coef_C1 * turbine_transformer_winding_ratio) * NT + (transformer_coef_A2 * ((NT * P_rated) ** transformer_coef_B2)) * (exp(transformer_coef_C1 * offshore_transformer_winding_ratio) + exp(transformer_coef_C1 * onshore_transformer_winding_ratio))
inv_procurement_electrical_system_transmission_cable = manufacturing_price_pm * transmission_cable_length
inv_procurement_electrical_system_shunt_reactor = shunt_reactor_coef_a * (power_shunt_reactor_onshore ** shunt_reactor_exp_a + power_shunt_reactor_offshore ** shunt_reactor_exp_a)
electrical_total_costs = inv_procurement_electrical_system_transformer + inv_procurement_electrical_system_transmission_cable + inv_procurement_electrical_system_shunt_reactor
return electrical_total_costs