def structure_center_type(cgn):
"""Check whether a dicotic game is in the center.
Parameters
----------
cgn : str
Dicotic game in combinatorial game notation.
Returns
-------
center_type : {"not_center", "own_inverse", "inv_incomp"}
The center type determines what kind of game in the center it is:
* "not_center" : This game is not in the center
* "own_inverse" : The game is equal to its own inverse and is therefore in the center.
* "inv_incomp" : The game is incomparable with its own inverse and therefore in the center.
"""
# Create the game and compute its inverse
g = Game(cgn)
h = g.inverse()
# Check whether this game is it's own inverse
if str(g) == str(h):
return "own_inverse"
# Check whether the game is incomparable with its inverse
if g.incomparable(h):
return "inv_incomp"
# This game is not in the center
return "not_center"
def incomparable_pairs(games):
"""Compute incomparable pairs in a list of games.
Parameters
----------
games : list
List of games. Each game is represented as str in CGN.
Returns
-------
incomparable_pairs : dict
Dictionary of sets of str of games.
Each dictionary item is a set of games that are incomparable
with the game that is the corresponding key.
"""
incomparable_pairs = dict()
# Create keys with empty sets
for g in games:
incomparable_pairs[g] = set()
# Check combinations
for g, h in combinations(games, r=2):
if Game(g).incomparable(Game(h)):
incomparable_pairs[g].add(h)
incomparable_pairs[h].add(g)
# Return the dictionary
return incomparable_pairs
def filter_unique_canonicals(str_canons):
str_uniques = []
for g in str_canons:
already = False
for h in str_uniques:
# Check whether G >= H was checked before
ggeqh = str_geq_pairs.get((g, h))
if ggeqh is None:
# It was not
ggeqh = Game(g).geq(Game(h))
str_geq_pairs[(g, h)] = ggeqh
# If G >= H, it might be that G == H
if ggeqh:
# Check whether H >= G was checked before
hgeqg = str_geq_pairs.get((h, g))
if hgeqg is None:
# It was not
hgeqg = Game(h).geq(Game(g))
str_geq_pairs[(h, g)] = hgeqg
# Check whether G == H
if hgeqg:
# Already in list, skip
already = True
break
# Was G not already in the list?
if not already:
str_uniques.append(g)
print("Canonical form {:d}:".format(len(str_uniques)), g)
# Return the set of unique canonical forms
return str_uniques
def test_str(self):
g = Game()
self.assertEqual(str(g), "0")
g.left_options.append(Game())
self.assertEqual(str(g), "1")
g.right_options.append(Game())
self.assertEqual(str(g), "*")
g.left_options.clear()
self.assertEqual(str(g), "-1")
def test_set_node_cgn(self):
g = Game()
num = g._set_node_cgn("{|}", 1)
self.assertEqual(str(g), "0")
self.assertEqual(num, 2)
num = g._set_node_cgn("{|{|}}", 3)
self.assertEqual(str(g), "0")
self.assertEqual(num, 4)
num = g._set_node_cgn("{{|}|{|}}", 1)
self.assertEqual(str(g), "*")
self.assertEqual(num, 8)
def generate_games_from_subsets(subsets: list):
yield "0"
for left, right in product(subsets, repeat=2):
g = Game()
# Add all options from the sets to the game
if left:
g.left_options.extend(Game(opt) for opt in left)
if right:
g.right_options.extend(Game(opt) for opt in right)
# Yield the canonical form as str
yield str(g.canonical_form())
def canonical_from_pair(pair: tuple):
# Split pair in left and right options
left, right = pair
g = Game()
# Add all options from the sets to the game
if left:
g.left_options.extend(Game(opt) for opt in left)
if right:
g.right_options.extend(Game(opt) for opt in right)
# Return the canonical form as str
return str(g.canonical_form())
def computeCombinations(sets):
yield "0"
# Create the cartesian product to create all combinations
# of Left and Right option sets.
for leftSet, rightSet in product(sets, repeat=2):
g = Game()
# Add all options from the sets to the game
if leftSet:
g.leftOptions.extend(Game(opt) for opt in leftSet)
if rightSet:
g.rightOptions.extend(Game(opt) for opt in rightSet)
# Yield the canonical form
yield str(g.canonicalForm())
def compute_combinations(sets):
yield Game("0")
# Create the cartesian product to create all combinations
# of Left and Right option sets.
for left_set, right_set in product(sets, repeat=2):
g = Game()
# Add all options from the sets to the game
if left_set:
g.left_options.extend(left_set)
if right_set:
g.right_options.extend(right_set)
# Yield the canonical form
yield g.canonical_form()
def create_network(canons):
# Create network
net = nx.DiGraph()
# Check all (G, H) pairs
num_perms = int(len(canons) * (len(canons) - 1))
perms = permutations(canons, 2)
for G, H in tqdm(perms, total=num_perms):
# Check whether G > H
if Game(G).gtr(Game(H)):
net.add_edge(G, H)
# Return the transitive reduction
red = nx.algorithms.dag.transitive_reduction(net)
return red.edges
def test_get_node_cgn_dot(self):
dot_str, num = Game()._get_node_cgn_dot("", 0)
target_str = '\t0[label="0"];\n'
self.assertEqual(dot_str, target_str)
self.assertEqual(num, 0)
dot_str, num = Game("1")._get_node_cgn_dot("abc", 2)
target_str = 'abc\t2[label="1"];\n\t3[label="0"];\n\t2 -> 3[label="L"];\n'
self.assertEqual(dot_str, target_str)
self.assertEqual(num, 3)
dot_str, num = Game("*2")._get_node_cgn_dot("xyz", -2)
target_str = 'xyz\t-2[label="*2"];\n\t-1[label="0"];\n\t-2 -> -1[label="L"];\n\t0[label="*"];\n\t1[label="0"];\n\t0 -> 1[label="L"];\n\t2[label="0"];\n\t0 -> 2[label="R"];\n\t-2 -> 0[label="L"];\n\t3[label="0"];\n\t-2 -> 3[label="R"];\n\t4[label="*"];\n\t5[label="0"];\n\t4 -> 5[label="L"];\n\t6[label="0"];\n\t4 -> 6[label="R"];\n\t-2 -> 4[label="R"];\n'
self.assertEqual(dot_str, target_str)
self.assertEqual(num, 6)
def G0(depth: int = 1):
subsets = [Game("0")]
for i in range(depth):
print("Depth is now {:d}.".format(i + 1))
# Find all subsets
print("Creating the subset generator.")
subsets = getAllSubsets(subsets)
# print('There are {:d} subsets:'.format(len(subsets)), *subsets)
# Remove sets with dominated options
print("Filtering the non-dominated subsets.")
nondomsets = filterDominatedSubsetsPar(subsets)
print("There are {:d} subsets without any dominated options.".format(len(nondomsets)))
# Compute the number of games with Left and Right a subset
print("The number of possible games is {size:d}^2+1={tot:d}.".format(size=len(nondomsets), tot=len(nondomsets) ** 2 + 1))
# Find all of their canonical forms
print("Creating the canonical form generator.")
canons = compute_combinations(nondomsets)
# Print the canonical forms and add them to a list for the next iteration
# TODO: Parallelize?
print("Filtering unique canonical forms.")
subsets = []
for g in canons:
if g not in subsets:
# Only keep unique canonical forms
subsets.append(g)
print("Canonical form {:d}:".format(len(subsets)), g)
def test_repr(self):
g = Game()
self.assertEqual(g.__repr__(), "0")
g.left_options.append(Game())
self.assertEqual(g.__repr__(), "1")
g.right_options.append(Game())
self.assertEqual(g.__repr__(), "*")
g.left_options.clear()
self.assertEqual(g.__repr__(), "-1")
def test_get_cgn(self):
g = Game()
self.assertEqual(g.get_cgn(), "0")
g.left_options.append(Game())
self.assertEqual(g.get_cgn(), "1")
g.right_options.append(Game())
self.assertEqual(g.get_cgn(), "*")
g.left_options.clear()
self.assertEqual(g.get_cgn(), "-1")
def test_integer_value(self):
# Check integer games
self.assertEqual(Game("-3").integer_value(), -3)
self.assertEqual(Game("-1").integer_value(), -1)
self.assertEqual(Game("-2").integer_value(), -2)
self.assertEqual(Game("0").integer_value(), 0)
self.assertEqual(Game("1").integer_value(), 1)
self.assertEqual(Game("2").integer_value(), 2)
self.assertEqual(Game("3").integer_value(), 3)
# Check ValueError on non-integer games
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
Game("*").integer_value()
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
Game("^").integer_value()
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
Game("v").integer_value()
def checkSubset(subset_di):
subset, di = subset_di
for option_pair in permutations(subset, 2):
# Check whether this pair was seen before
outcome = di.get(option_pair)
if outcome is None:
# These games were not compared before
outcome = Game(option_pair[0]).geq(Game(option_pair[1]))
# Add to dict
di[option_pair] = outcome
if outcome:
# option_pair[0] >= option_pair[1], subset contains dominated options
return None
# No dominated options, return this set
return subset
def to_canonical_cgn(game):
"""Convert a game to its canoncial form in CGN.
Parameters
----------
game : str
The game to convert in combinatorial game notation.
"""
canonical = str(Game(game).canonical_form())
return f"{datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S};{mp.current_process().name};{game};{canonical}\n"
def test_get_cgn_dot(self):
comp_str = Game().get_cgn_dot()
target_str = 'digraph Game {\n\t0[label="0"];\n}'
self.assertEqual(comp_str, target_str)
comp_str = Game("1").get_cgn_dot()
target_str = 'digraph Game {\n\t0[label="1"];\n\t1[label="0"];\n\t0 -> 1[label="L"];\n}'
self.assertEqual(comp_str, target_str)
comp_str = Game("*").get_cgn_dot()
target_str = 'digraph Game {\n\t0[label="*"];\n\t1[label="0"];\n\t0 -> 1[label="L"];\n\t2[label="0"];\n\t0 -> 2[label="R"];\n}'
self.assertEqual(comp_str, target_str)
comp_str = Game("-1").get_cgn_dot()
target_str = 'digraph Game {\n\t0[label="-1"];\n\t1[label="0"];\n\t0 -> 1[label="R"];\n}'
self.assertEqual(comp_str, target_str)
comp_str = Game("*2").get_cgn_dot()
target_str = 'digraph Game {\n\t0[label="*2"];\n\t1[label="0"];\n\t0 -> 1[label="L"];\n\t2[label="*"];\n\t3[label="0"];\n\t2 -> 3[label="L"];\n\t4[label="0"];\n\t2 -> 4[label="R"];\n\t0 -> 2[label="L"];\n\t5[label="0"];\n\t0 -> 5[label="R"];\n\t6[label="*"];\n\t7[label="0"];\n\t6 -> 7[label="L"];\n\t8[label="0"];\n\t6 -> 8[label="R"];\n\t0 -> 6[label="R"];\n}'
self.assertEqual(comp_str, target_str)
def test_clear(self):
g = Game()
g.left_options.append(Game())
g.right_options.append(Game())
g.clear()
self.assertFalse(g.left_options)
self.assertFalse(g.right_options)
def test_incomparable_zero(self):
self.assertTrue(Game("*").incomparable_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("1").incomparable_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("^").incomparable_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("0").incomparable_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("v").incomparable_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("-1").incomparable_zero())
def test_equal_zero(self):
self.assertTrue(Game("0").equal_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("1").equal_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("^").equal_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("*").equal_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("v").equal_zero())
self.assertFalse(Game("-1").equal_zero())
def to_canonical(games):
"""Convert games to their canoncial forms.
Parameters
----------
games : iterable
The games to convert, each in combinatorial game notation.
Yields
------
canonical : str
A game in canonical form.
Notes
-----
The order of the converted games is preserverd.
"""
for g in games:
yield str(Game(g).canonical_form())
def test_incomparable(self):
self.assertTrue(Game("0").incomparable(Game("*")))
self.assertTrue(Game("1").incomparable(Game("1") + Game("*")))
self.assertTrue((Game("1") - Game("1")).incomparable(Game("*")))
self.assertTrue(Game("*").incomparable(Game("0").inverse()))
def test_equal(self):
self.assertTrue(Game("0").equal(Game("0")))
self.assertTrue(Game("1").equal(Game("1")))
self.assertTrue((Game("1") - Game("1")).equal(Game("0")))
self.assertTrue(Game("*").equal(Game("*").inverse()))
def test_outcome_class(self):
# First player win
self.assertEqual(Game("*").outcome_class(), "N")
self.assertEqual(Game("*2").outcome_class(), "N")
self.assertEqual(Game("{^|v}").outcome_class(), "N")
# Second player win
self.assertEqual(Game().outcome_class(), "P")
self.assertEqual(Game("0").outcome_class(), "P")
self.assertEqual(Game("{*|*}").outcome_class(), "P")
# Win for Left
self.assertEqual(Game("1").outcome_class(), "L")
self.assertEqual(Game("^").outcome_class(), "L")
self.assertEqual(Game("{1|^}").outcome_class(), "L")
# Win for Right
self.assertEqual(Game("-1").outcome_class(), "R")
self.assertEqual(Game("v").outcome_class(), "R")
self.assertEqual(Game("{-1|v}").outcome_class(), "R")
def test_set_cgn(self):
g = Game().set_cgn("0")
self.assertEqual(str(g), "0")
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
Game().set_cgn("abc")
def test_companion(self):
# First player win
self.assertEqual(str(Game("*").companion()), "{*|*}")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("*2").companion()), "{*,{*|*}|*,{*|*}}")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("{^|v}").companion()),
"{{*,0|{*|*}}|{{*|*}|*,0}}")
# Second player win
self.assertEqual(str(Game().companion()), "*")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("0").companion()), "*")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("{*|*}").companion()), "*")
# Win for Left
self.assertEqual(str(Game("1").companion()), "{*,0|}")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("^").companion()), "{*,0|{*|*}}")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("{1|^}").companion()),
"{0,{*,0|}|{*,0|{*|*}}}")
# Win for Right
self.assertEqual(str(Game("-1").companion()), "{|*,0}")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("v").companion()), "{{*|*}|*,0}")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("{-1|v}").companion()),
"{{|*,0}|0,{{*|*}|*,0}}")
def test_canonical_form(self):
self.assertTrue((Game("*") + Game("*")).canonical_form().equal_zero())
self.assertEqual(str(Game("{^,*|^,0}").canonical_form()), "^*")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("^*").canonical_form()), "^*")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("{2,1,0|-1,-3,2}").canonical_form()),
"{{1|}|{|{|-1}}}")
self.assertEqual(str(Game("*").canonical_form()), "*")
self.assertEqual(
str(Game("{{*,0|{*|*}},{*|*}|*,{*|*,{*|*}}}").canonical_form()),
"{0,^*|*,v}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{*2,*3,{0|v*},{^|0,v*}|*,*2,*3,{*,^|0,v*},{0,^*|*,v},{0,^*|0,v*},{^,^*|v,v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "{0|*,*2,*3,{0,^*|*,v},{0,^*|0,v*}}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game("{*,0,{*,*2,0|*,0},{*,^|v,v*}|*,*2,*3,{*,^|*,v}}").
canonical_form()), "{0|*,*2,*3}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{{*,^|*,0},{0,^*|*,0},{^,^*|0,v*}|*,{0,^*|*,v},{^*|0},{^,^*|v,v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "{{*,^|*,0},{0,^*|*,0},{^,^*|0,v*}|0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{{*,*2|0},{*,0|*,*2,0},{^,^*|v,v*}|v,{*,0|*,v},{*,^|v,v*},{^*|v},{^|*,0}}"
).canonical_form()), "{{*,*2|0},{*,0|*,*2,0},{^,^*|v,v*}|0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{{*,0|*2,0},{0|v*},{^,^*|*,v}|*2,{0|*,*2},{^,^*|*,*2,0},{^|v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "{0|*2,{0|*,*2},{^,^*|*,*2,0},{^|v*}}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{{*,0|*,*2,0},{*,0|v},{^*|0}|{*,0|*,v},{*,^|v,v*},{*,v|0},{*2,0|*,0}}"
).canonical_form()), "{*,{*,0|*,*2,0},{^*|0}|{*,v|0}}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{{*,0|*,*2,0},{*,^|*,v},{0,^*|*,v},{^,^*|0,v*}|0,{*,0|0,^*},{^,^*|*,v}}"
).canonical_form()),
"{{*,0|*,*2,0},{*,^|*,v},{0,^*|*,v},{^,^*|0,v*}|0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{*,0,{*,^|*,0},{0,^*|*,0},{^,^*|*,v}|*,*2,*3,0,{*,^|0,v*},{0,^*|0,v*},{^,^*|*,v}}"
).canonical_form()), "{*,0,{*,^|*,0},{0,^*|*,0}|*,*2,*3,0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game("{{*,0|*,v},{*,^|v,v*},{0,^*|0,v*}|{*,v|0},{0,v*|0,v*}}").
canonical_form()), "{{*,0|*,v},{*,^|v,v*},{0,^*|0,v*}|0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{*,0,{*,^|0,v*},{0,^*|*,0},{^,^*|v,v*}|*,{*,*2,0|*,0},{*,^|*,v},{*,^|0,v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "{0|*,{*,*2,0|*,0}}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{{*,0|v},{0,^*|*,v},{0|v*},{^,^*|0,v*}|0,{*,0|*,*2,0},{*2,0|0,v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "{*,0|*,0,{*,0|*,*2,0}}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{*,{*,0|*,*2,0},{0,^*|*,v},{0|v*},{^,^*|0,v*}|*,*2,0,{*,^|*,v},{0,^*|0,v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "{*,0,{*,0|*,*2,0}|*,*2,0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{*,*2,{*,*2,0|*,v},{*,^|v,v*},{0,^*|0,v*}|{*,0|v},{0,^*|*,0},{0|*,*2},{^,^*|0,v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "0")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{*2,{*,*2,0|*,v},{*,*2,0|0,v*},{^*|0}|0,{*,*2,0|*,0},{*,^|0,v*},{0,^*|0,v*},{^|*,0}}"
).canonical_form()),
"{*2,{*,*2,0|*,v},{*,*2,0|0,v*},{^*|0}|0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{0,{*,*2,0|0,v*},{*,0|*,*2,0},{*,^|*,v}|{*,0|0,^*},{^,^*|*,*2,0}}"
).canonical_form()), "{0|{*,0|0,^*},{^,^*|*,*2,0}}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game("{{*,*2|v},{*,0|*,v},{^|0,v*}|*2,{*,*2|0},{^*|v},{^|*,0}}"
).canonical_form()), "{{*,*2|v},{*,0|*,v},{^|0,v*}|0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game("{{*,0|*,*2,0},{^,^*|0,v*}|{*,*2,0|*,0},{^*|v},{^|*,0}}").
canonical_form()), "{{*,0|*,*2,0},{^,^*|0,v*}|0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{v,{*,*2,0|*,v},{^|0,v*}|*,{*,*2,0|*,v},{*,*2|0},{*,0|0,v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "{v,{*,*2,0|*,v},{^|0,v*}|0}")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{{*,0|0,^*},{0,^*|v,v*}|*,*2,*3,{*,^|*,v},{0,^*|*,v},{0|v*}}"
).canonical_form()), "0")
self.assertEqual(
str(
Game(
"{*,0,{*,*2,0|0,v*},{*,0|*,*2,0},{0,^*|*,v}|{*,*2,0|*,0},{0|*2}}"
).canonical_form()), "{0|{*,*2,0|*,0},{0|*2}}")
def test_replace_reversible(self):
# With return_change = False
g = Game("{*|*}").replace_reversible()
self.assertEqual(g, Game("0"))
g = Game("{^,*|0}").replace_reversible()
self.assertEqual(g, Game("^*"))
# With return_change = True
g, c = Game("{*|*}").replace_reversible(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game("0"))
self.assertTrue(c)
g, c = Game("{^,*|0}").replace_reversible(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game("^*"))
self.assertTrue(c)
g, c = Game().replace_reversible(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game())
self.assertFalse(c)
g, c = Game("*").replace_reversible(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game("*"))
self.assertFalse(c)
def test_remove_dominated(self):
# With return_change = False
g = Game("{0,1|0,1}").remove_dominated()
self.assertEqual(g, Game("{1|0}"))
g = Game("{*,0|-1,*,1}").remove_dominated()
self.assertEqual(g, Game("{*,0|-1}"))
g = Game("{0,*,-1,*|-1,0,-1}").remove_dominated()
self.assertEqual(g, Game("{*,0|-1}"))
# With return_change = True
g, c = Game("{0,1|0,1}").remove_dominated(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game("{1|0}"))
self.assertTrue(c)
g, c = Game("{*,0|-1,*,1}").remove_dominated(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game("{*,0|-1}"))
self.assertTrue(c)
g, c = Game("{0,*,-1,*|-1,0,-1}").remove_dominated(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game("{*,0|-1}"))
self.assertTrue(c)
g, c = Game().remove_dominated(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game())
self.assertFalse(c)
g, c = Game("*").remove_dominated(return_change=True)
self.assertEqual(g, Game("*"))
self.assertFalse(c)