def test_DBN(finetune_lr=0.1, pretraining_epochs=100,
pretrain_lr=0.01, k=1, training_epochs=1000,
dataset='../data/mnist.pkl.gz', batch_size=10):
"""
Demonstrates how to train and test a Deep Belief Network.
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:type learning_rate: float
:param learning_rate: learning rate used in the finetune stage
:type pretraining_epochs: int
:param pretraining_epochs: number of epoch to do pretraining
:type pretrain_lr: float
:param pretrain_lr: learning rate to be used during pre-training
:type k: int
:param k: number of Gibbs steps in CD/PCD
:type training_epochs: int
:param training_epochs: maximal number of iterations ot run the optimizer
:type dataset: string
:param dataset: path the the pickled dataset
:type batch_size: int
:param batch_size: the size of a minibatch
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
valid_set_x, valid_set_y = datasets[1]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
# numpy random generator
numpy_rng = numpy.random.RandomState(123)
print '... building the model'
# construct the Deep Belief Network
dbn = DBN(numpy_rng=numpy_rng, n_ins=28 * 28,
hidden_layers_sizes=[1000, 1000, 1000],
n_outs=10)
#########################
# PRETRAINING THE MODEL #
#########################
print '... getting the pretraining functions'
pretraining_fns = dbn.pretraining_functions(train_set_x=train_set_x,
batch_size=batch_size,
k=k)
print '... pre-training the model'
start_time = time.clock()
## Pre-train layer-wise
for i in xrange(dbn.n_layers):
# go through pretraining epochs
for epoch in xrange(pretraining_epochs):
# go through the training set
c = []
for batch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
c.append(pretraining_fns[i](index=batch_index,
lr=pretrain_lr))
print 'Pre-training layer %i, epoch %d, cost ' % (i, epoch),
print numpy.mean(c)
end_time = time.clock()
print >> sys.stderr, ('The pretraining code for file ' +
os.path.split(__file__)[1] +
' ran for %.2fm' % ((end_time - start_time) / 60.))
########################
# FINETUNING THE MODEL #
########################
# get the training, validation and testing function for the model
print '... getting the finetuning functions'
train_fn, validate_model, test_model = dbn.build_finetune_functions(
datasets=datasets, batch_size=batch_size,
learning_rate=finetune_lr)
print '... finetunning the model'
# early-stopping parameters
patience = 4 * n_train_batches # look as this many examples regardless
patience_increase = 2. # wait this much longer when a new best is
# found
improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is
# considered significant
validation_frequency = min(n_train_batches, patience / 2)
# go through this many
# minibatche before checking the network
# on the validation set; in this case we
# check every epoch
best_params = None
best_validation_loss = numpy.inf
test_score = 0.
start_time = time.clock()
done_looping = False
epoch = 0
while (epoch < training_epochs) and (not done_looping):
epoch = epoch + 1
for minibatch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
minibatch_avg_cost = train_fn(minibatch_index)
iter = epoch * n_train_batches + minibatch_index
if (iter + 1) % validation_frequency == 0:
validation_losses = validate_model()
this_validation_loss = numpy.mean(validation_losses)
print('epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f %%' % \
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
this_validation_loss * 100.))
# if we got the best validation score until now
if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss:
#improve patience if loss improvement is good enough
if (this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss *
improvement_threshold):
patience = max(patience, iter * patience_increase)
# save best validation score and iteration number
best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss
best_iter = iter
# test it on the test set
test_losses = test_model()
test_score = numpy.mean(test_losses)
print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of '
'best model %f %%') %
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
test_score * 100.))
if patience <= iter:
done_looping = True
break
end_time = time.clock()
print(('Optimization complete with best validation score of %f %%,'
'with test performance %f %%') %
(best_validation_loss * 100., test_score * 100.))
print >> sys.stderr, ('The fine tuning code for file ' +
os.path.split(__file__)[1] +
' ran for %.2fm' % ((end_time - start_time)
/ 60.))
def test_rbm(learning_rate=0.1,
training_epochs=15,
dataset='../data/mnist.pkl.gz',
batch_size=20,
n_chains=20,
n_samples=10,
output_folder='rbm_plots',
n_hidden=500):
"""
Demonstrate how to train and afterwards sample from it using Theano.
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:param learning_rate: learning rate used for training the RBM
:param training_epochs: number of epochs used for training
:param dataset: path the the pickled dataset
:param batch_size: size of a batch used to train the RBM
:param n_chains: number of parallel Gibbs chains to be used for sampling
:param n_samples: number of samples to plot for each chain
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
# allocate symbolic variables for the data
index = T.lscalar() # index to a [mini]batch
x = T.matrix('x') # the data is presented as rasterized images
rng = numpy.random.RandomState(123)
theano_rng = RandomStreams(rng.randint(2**30))
# initialize storage for the persistent chain (state = hidden
# layer of chain)
persistent_chain = theano.shared(numpy.zeros((batch_size, n_hidden),
dtype=theano.config.floatX),
borrow=True)
# construct the RBM class
rbm = RBM(input=x,
n_visible=28 * 28,
n_hidden=n_hidden,
numpy_rng=rng,
theano_rng=theano_rng)
# get the cost and the gradient corresponding to one step of CD-15
cost, updates = rbm.get_cost_updates(lr=learning_rate,
persistent=persistent_chain,
k=15)
#################################
# Training the RBM #
#################################
if not os.path.isdir(output_folder):
os.makedirs(output_folder)
os.chdir(output_folder)
# it is ok for a theano function to have no output
# the purpose of train_rbm is solely to update the RBM parameters
train_rbm = theano.function(
[index],
cost,
updates=updates,
givens={x: train_set_x[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size]},
name='train_rbm')
plotting_time = 0.
start_time = time.clock()
# go through training epochs
for epoch in xrange(training_epochs):
# go through the training set
mean_cost = []
for batch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
mean_cost += [train_rbm(batch_index)]
print 'Training epoch %d, cost is ' % epoch, numpy.mean(mean_cost)
# Plot filters after each training epoch
plotting_start = time.clock()
# Construct image from the weight matrix
image = PIL.Image.fromarray(
tile_raster_images(X=rbm.W.get_value(borrow=True).T,
img_shape=(28, 28),
tile_shape=(10, 10),
tile_spacing=(1, 1)))
image.save('filters_at_epoch_%i.png' % epoch)
plotting_stop = time.clock()
plotting_time += (plotting_stop - plotting_start)
end_time = time.clock()
pretraining_time = (end_time - start_time) - plotting_time
print('Training took %f minutes' % (pretraining_time / 60.))
#################################
# Sampling from the RBM #
#################################
# find out the number of test samples
number_of_test_samples = test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0]
# pick random test examples, with which to initialize the persistent chain
test_idx = rng.randint(number_of_test_samples - n_chains)
persistent_vis_chain = theano.shared(
numpy.asarray(test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True)[test_idx:test_idx +
n_chains],
dtype=theano.config.floatX))
plot_every = 1000
# define one step of Gibbs sampling (mf = mean-field) define a
# function that does `plot_every` steps before returning the
# sample for plotting
[presig_hids, hid_mfs, hid_samples, presig_vis,
vis_mfs, vis_samples], updates = \
theano.scan(rbm.gibbs_vhv,
outputs_info=[None, None, None, None,
None, persistent_vis_chain],
n_steps=plot_every)
# add to updates the shared variable that takes care of our persistent
# chain :.
updates.update({persistent_vis_chain: vis_samples[-1]})
# construct the function that implements our persistent chain.
# we generate the "mean field" activations for plotting and the actual
# samples for reinitializing the state of our persistent chain
sample_fn = theano.function([], [vis_mfs[-1], vis_samples[-1]],
updates=updates,
name='sample_fn')
# create a space to store the image for plotting ( we need to leave
# room for the tile_spacing as well)
image_data = numpy.zeros((29 * n_samples + 1, 29 * n_chains - 1),
dtype='uint8')
for idx in xrange(n_samples):
# generate `plot_every` intermediate samples that we discard,
# because successive samples in the chain are too correlated
vis_mf, vis_sample = sample_fn()
print ' ... plotting sample ', idx
image_data[29 * idx:29 * idx + 28, :] = tile_raster_images(
X=vis_mf,
img_shape=(28, 28),
tile_shape=(1, n_chains),
tile_spacing=(1, 1))
# construct image
image = PIL.Image.fromarray(image_data)
image.save('samples.png')
os.chdir('../')
def test_DBN(finetune_lr=0.1,
pretraining_epochs=100,
pretrain_lr=0.01,
k=1,
training_epochs=1000,
dataset='../data/mnist.pkl.gz',
batch_size=10):
"""
Demonstrates how to train and test a Deep Belief Network.
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:type learning_rate: float
:param learning_rate: learning rate used in the finetune stage
:type pretraining_epochs: int
:param pretraining_epochs: number of epoch to do pretraining
:type pretrain_lr: float
:param pretrain_lr: learning rate to be used during pre-training
:type k: int
:param k: number of Gibbs steps in CD/PCD
:type training_epochs: int
:param training_epochs: maximal number of iterations ot run the optimizer
:type dataset: string
:param dataset: path the the pickled dataset
:type batch_size: int
:param batch_size: the size of a minibatch
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
valid_set_x, valid_set_y = datasets[1]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
# numpy random generator
numpy_rng = numpy.random.RandomState(123)
print '... building the model'
# construct the Deep Belief Network
dbn = DBN(numpy_rng=numpy_rng,
n_ins=28 * 28,
hidden_layers_sizes=[1000, 1000, 1000],
n_outs=10)
#########################
# PRETRAINING THE MODEL #
#########################
print '... getting the pretraining functions'
pretraining_fns = dbn.pretraining_functions(train_set_x=train_set_x,
batch_size=batch_size,
k=k)
print '... pre-training the model'
start_time = time.clock()
## Pre-train layer-wise
for i in xrange(dbn.n_layers):
# go through pretraining epochs
for epoch in xrange(pretraining_epochs):
# go through the training set
c = []
for batch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
c.append(pretraining_fns[i](index=batch_index, lr=pretrain_lr))
print 'Pre-training layer %i, epoch %d, cost ' % (i, epoch),
print numpy.mean(c)
end_time = time.clock()
print >> sys.stderr, ('The pretraining code for file ' +
os.path.split(__file__)[1] + ' ran for %.2fm' %
((end_time - start_time) / 60.))
########################
# FINETUNING THE MODEL #
########################
# get the training, validation and testing function for the model
print '... getting the finetuning functions'
train_fn, validate_model, test_model = dbn.build_finetune_functions(
datasets=datasets, batch_size=batch_size, learning_rate=finetune_lr)
print '... finetunning the model'
# early-stopping parameters
patience = 4 * n_train_batches # look as this many examples regardless
patience_increase = 2. # wait this much longer when a new best is
# found
improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is
# considered significant
validation_frequency = min(n_train_batches, patience / 2)
# go through this many
# minibatche before checking the network
# on the validation set; in this case we
# check every epoch
best_params = None
best_validation_loss = numpy.inf
test_score = 0.
start_time = time.clock()
done_looping = False
epoch = 0
while (epoch < training_epochs) and (not done_looping):
epoch = epoch + 1
for minibatch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
minibatch_avg_cost = train_fn(minibatch_index)
iter = epoch * n_train_batches + minibatch_index
if (iter + 1) % validation_frequency == 0:
validation_losses = validate_model()
this_validation_loss = numpy.mean(validation_losses)
print('epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f %%' % \
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
this_validation_loss * 100.))
# if we got the best validation score until now
if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss:
#improve patience if loss improvement is good enough
if (this_validation_loss <
best_validation_loss * improvement_threshold):
patience = max(patience, iter * patience_increase)
# save best validation score and iteration number
best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss
best_iter = iter
# test it on the test set
test_losses = test_model()
test_score = numpy.mean(test_losses)
print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of '
'best model %f %%') %
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
test_score * 100.))
if patience <= iter:
done_looping = True
break
end_time = time.clock()
print(('Optimization complete with best validation score of %f %%,'
'with test performance %f %%') %
(best_validation_loss * 100., test_score * 100.))
print >> sys.stderr, ('The fine tuning code for file ' +
os.path.split(__file__)[1] + ' ran for %.2fm' %
((end_time - start_time) / 60.))
def test_rbm(learning_rate=0.1, training_epochs=15,
dataset='../data/mnist.pkl.gz', batch_size=20,
n_chains=20, n_samples=10, output_folder='rbm_plots',
n_hidden=500):
"""
Demonstrate how to train and afterwards sample from it using Theano.
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:param learning_rate: learning rate used for training the RBM
:param training_epochs: number of epochs used for training
:param dataset: path the the pickled dataset
:param batch_size: size of a batch used to train the RBM
:param n_chains: number of parallel Gibbs chains to be used for sampling
:param n_samples: number of samples to plot for each chain
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
# allocate symbolic variables for the data
index = T.lscalar() # index to a [mini]batch
x = T.matrix('x') # the data is presented as rasterized images
rng = numpy.random.RandomState(123)
theano_rng = RandomStreams(rng.randint(2 ** 30))
# initialize storage for the persistent chain (state = hidden
# layer of chain)
persistent_chain = theano.shared(numpy.zeros((batch_size, n_hidden),
dtype=theano.config.floatX),
borrow=True)
# construct the RBM class
rbm = RBM(input=x, n_visible=28 * 28,
n_hidden=n_hidden, numpy_rng=rng, theano_rng=theano_rng)
# get the cost and the gradient corresponding to one step of CD-15
cost, updates = rbm.get_cost_updates(lr=learning_rate,
persistent=persistent_chain, k=15)
#################################
# Training the RBM #
#################################
if not os.path.isdir(output_folder):
os.makedirs(output_folder)
os.chdir(output_folder)
# it is ok for a theano function to have no output
# the purpose of train_rbm is solely to update the RBM parameters
train_rbm = theano.function([index], cost,
updates=updates,
givens={x: train_set_x[index * batch_size:
(index + 1) * batch_size]},
name='train_rbm')
plotting_time = 0.
start_time = time.clock()
# go through training epochs
for epoch in xrange(training_epochs):
# go through the training set
mean_cost = []
for batch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
mean_cost += [train_rbm(batch_index)]
print 'Training epoch %d, cost is ' % epoch, numpy.mean(mean_cost)
# Plot filters after each training epoch
plotting_start = time.clock()
# Construct image from the weight matrix
image = PIL.Image.fromarray(tile_raster_images(
X=rbm.W.get_value(borrow=True).T,
img_shape=(28, 28), tile_shape=(10, 10),
tile_spacing=(1, 1)))
image.save('filters_at_epoch_%i.png' % epoch)
plotting_stop = time.clock()
plotting_time += (plotting_stop - plotting_start)
end_time = time.clock()
pretraining_time = (end_time - start_time) - plotting_time
print ('Training took %f minutes' % (pretraining_time / 60.))
#################################
# Sampling from the RBM #
#################################
# find out the number of test samples
number_of_test_samples = test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0]
# pick random test examples, with which to initialize the persistent chain
test_idx = rng.randint(number_of_test_samples - n_chains)
persistent_vis_chain = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(
test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True)[test_idx:test_idx + n_chains],
dtype=theano.config.floatX))
plot_every = 1000
# define one step of Gibbs sampling (mf = mean-field) define a
# function that does `plot_every` steps before returning the
# sample for plotting
[presig_hids, hid_mfs, hid_samples, presig_vis,
vis_mfs, vis_samples], updates = \
theano.scan(rbm.gibbs_vhv,
outputs_info=[None, None, None, None,
None, persistent_vis_chain],
n_steps=plot_every)
# add to updates the shared variable that takes care of our persistent
# chain :.
updates.update({persistent_vis_chain: vis_samples[-1]})
# construct the function that implements our persistent chain.
# we generate the "mean field" activations for plotting and the actual
# samples for reinitializing the state of our persistent chain
sample_fn = theano.function([], [vis_mfs[-1], vis_samples[-1]],
updates=updates,
name='sample_fn')
# create a space to store the image for plotting ( we need to leave
# room for the tile_spacing as well)
image_data = numpy.zeros((29 * n_samples + 1, 29 * n_chains - 1),
dtype='uint8')
for idx in xrange(n_samples):
# generate `plot_every` intermediate samples that we discard,
# because successive samples in the chain are too correlated
vis_mf, vis_sample = sample_fn()
print ' ... plotting sample ', idx
image_data[29 * idx:29 * idx + 28, :] = tile_raster_images(
X=vis_mf,
img_shape=(28, 28),
tile_shape=(1, n_chains),
tile_spacing=(1, 1))
# construct image
image = PIL.Image.fromarray(image_data)
image.save('samples.png')
os.chdir('../')