def test_trigsimp_noncommutative(): A, B = symbols('A,B', commutative=False) assert trigsimp(A - A*sin(x)**2) == A*cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(A - A*cos(x)**2) == A*sin(x)**2 assert trigsimp(A*sin(x)**2 + A*cos(x)**2) == A assert trigsimp(A + A*tan(x)**2) == A/cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(A/cos(x)**2 - A) == A*tan(x)**2 assert trigsimp(A/cos(x)**2 - A*tan(x)**2) == A assert trigsimp(A + A*cot(x)**2) == A/sin(x)**2 assert trigsimp(A/sin(x)**2 - A) == A/tan(x)**2 assert trigsimp(A/sin(x)**2 - A*cot(x)**2) == A assert trigsimp(y*A*cos(x)**2 + y*A*sin(x)**2) == y*A assert trigsimp(A*sin(x)/cos(x)) == A*tan(x) assert trigsimp(A*tan(x)*cos(x)) == A*sin(x) assert trigsimp(A*cot(x)**3*sin(x)**3) == A*cos(x)**3 assert trigsimp(y*A*tan(x)**2/sin(x)**2) == y*A/cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(A*cot(x)/cos(x)) == A/sin(x) assert trigsimp(A*sin(x + y) + A*sin(x - y)) == 2*A*sin(x)*cos(y) assert trigsimp(A*sin(x + y) - A*sin(x - y)) == 2*A*sin(y)*cos(x) assert trigsimp(A*cos(x + y) + A*cos(x - y)) == 2*A*cos(x)*cos(y) assert trigsimp(A*cos(x + y) - A*cos(x - y)) == -2*A*sin(x)*sin(y) assert trigsimp(A*sinh(x + y) + A*sinh(x - y)) == 2*A*sinh(x)*cosh(y) assert trigsimp(A*sinh(x + y) - A*sinh(x - y)) == 2*A*sinh(y)*cosh(x) assert trigsimp(A*cosh(x + y) + A*cosh(x - y)) == 2*A*cosh(x)*cosh(y) assert trigsimp(A*cosh(x + y) - A*cosh(x - y)) == 2*A*sinh(x)*sinh(y) assert trigsimp(A*cos(0.12345)**2 + A*sin(0.12345)**2) == 1.0*A
def test_hyper_as_trig(): from diofant.simplify.fu import _osborne as o, _osbornei as i, TR12 eq = sinh(x)**2 + cosh(x)**2 t, f = hyper_as_trig(eq) assert f(fu(t)) == cosh(2*x) e, f = hyper_as_trig(tanh(x + y)) assert f(TR12(e)) == (tanh(x) + tanh(y))/(tanh(x)*tanh(y) + 1) d = Dummy() assert o(sinh(x), d) == I*sin(x*d) assert o(tanh(x), d) == I*tan(x*d) assert o(coth(x), d) == cot(x*d)/I assert o(cosh(x), d) == cos(x*d) for func in (sinh, cosh, tanh, coth): h = func(pi) assert i(o(h, d), d) == h # /!\ the _osborne functions are not meant to work # in the o(i(trig, d), d) direction so we just check # that they work as they are supposed to work assert i(cos(x*y), y) == cosh(x) assert i(sin(x*y), y) == sinh(x)/I assert i(tan(x*y), y) == tanh(x)/I assert i(cot(x*y), y) == coth(x)*I assert i(sec(x*y), y) == 1/cosh(x) assert i(csc(x*y), y) == I/sinh(x)
def test_tan_rewrite(): neg_exp, pos_exp = exp(-x*I), exp(x*I) assert tan(x).rewrite(exp) == I*(neg_exp - pos_exp)/(neg_exp + pos_exp) assert tan(x).rewrite(sin) == 2*sin(x)**2/sin(2*x) assert tan(x).rewrite(cos) == -cos(x + pi/2)/cos(x) assert tan(x).rewrite(cot) == 1/cot(x) assert (tan(sinh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == tan(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: sinh(3)}).evalf()) assert (tan(cosh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == tan(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cosh(3)}).evalf()) assert (tan(tanh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == tan(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: tanh(3)}).evalf()) assert (tan(coth(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == tan(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: coth(3)}).evalf()) assert (tan(sin(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == tan(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: sin(3)}).evalf()) assert (tan(cos(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == tan(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cos(3)}).evalf()) assert (tan(tan(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == tan(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: tan(3)}).evalf()) assert (tan(cot(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == tan(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cot(3)}).evalf()) assert tan(log(x)).rewrite(Pow) == I*(x**-I - x**I)/(x**-I + x**I) assert tan(x).rewrite(Pow) == tan(x) assert 0 == (cos(pi/34)*tan(pi/34) - sin(pi/34)).rewrite(sqrt) assert 0 == (cos(pi/17)*tan(pi/17) - sin(pi/17)).rewrite(sqrt) assert tan(pi/19).rewrite(sqrt) == tan(pi/19) assert tan(8*pi/19).rewrite(sqrt) == tan(8*pi/19)
def test_has(): assert cot(x).has(x) assert cot(x).has(cot) assert not cot(x).has(sin) assert sin(x).has(x) assert sin(x).has(sin) assert not sin(x).has(cot)
def test_sympyissue_21177(): e1 = cot(pi * x) / ((x - 1) * (x - 2) + 1) e2 = cot(pi * x) / (x**2 - 3 * x + 3) pt = Rational(3, 2) - sqrt(3) * I / 2 ans = -sqrt(3) * tanh(sqrt(3) * pi / 2) / 3 assert residue(e1, x, pt) == ans assert residue(e2, x, pt) == ans
def test_basic1(): assert limit(x, x, oo) == oo assert limit(x, x, -oo) == -oo assert limit(-x, x, oo) == -oo assert limit(x**2, x, -oo) == oo assert limit(-x**2, x, oo) == -oo assert limit(x*log(x), x, 0, dir="+") == 0 assert limit(1/x, x, oo) == 0 assert limit(exp(x), x, oo) == oo assert limit(-exp(x), x, oo) == -oo assert limit(exp(x)/x, x, oo) == oo assert limit(1/x - exp(-x), x, oo) == 0 assert limit(x + 1/x, x, oo) == oo assert limit(x - x**2, x, oo) == -oo assert limit((1 + x)**(1 + sqrt(2)), x, 0) == 1 assert limit((1 + x)**oo, x, 0) == oo assert limit((1 + x)**oo, x, 0, dir='-') == 0 assert limit((1 + x + y)**oo, x, 0, dir='-') == (1 + y)**oo assert limit(y/x/log(x), x, 0) == -oo*sign(y) assert limit(cos(x + y)/x, x, 0) == sign(cos(y))*oo limit(Sum(1/x, (x, 1, y)) - log(y), y, oo) limit(Sum(1/x, (x, 1, y)) - 1/y, y, oo) assert limit(gamma(1/x + 3), x, oo) == 2 assert limit(nan, x, -oo) == nan assert limit(O(2)*x, x, nan) == nan assert limit(sin(O(x)), x, 0) == 0 assert limit(1/(x - 1), x, 1, dir="+") == oo assert limit(1/(x - 1), x, 1, dir="-") == -oo assert limit(1/(5 - x)**3, x, 5, dir="+") == -oo assert limit(1/(5 - x)**3, x, 5, dir="-") == oo assert limit(1/sin(x), x, pi, dir="+") == -oo assert limit(1/sin(x), x, pi, dir="-") == oo assert limit(1/cos(x), x, pi/2, dir="+") == -oo assert limit(1/cos(x), x, pi/2, dir="-") == oo assert limit(1/tan(x**3), x, cbrt(2*pi), dir="+") == oo assert limit(1/tan(x**3), x, cbrt(2*pi), dir="-") == -oo assert limit(1/cot(x)**3, x, 3*pi/2, dir="+") == -oo assert limit(1/cot(x)**3, x, 3*pi/2, dir="-") == oo # approaching 0 # from dir="+" assert limit(1 + 1/x, x, 0) == oo # from dir='-' # Add assert limit(1 + 1/x, x, 0, dir='-') == -oo # Pow assert limit(x**(-2), x, 0, dir='-') == oo assert limit(x**(-3), x, 0, dir='-') == -oo assert limit(1/sqrt(x), x, 0, dir='-') == (-oo)*I assert limit(x**2, x, 0, dir='-') == 0 assert limit(sqrt(x), x, 0, dir='-') == 0 assert limit(x**-pi, x, 0, dir='-') == oo*sign((-1)**(-pi)) assert limit((1 + cos(x))**oo, x, 0) == oo assert limit(x**2, x, 0, dir='real') == 0 assert limit(exp(x), x, 0, dir='real') == 1 pytest.raises(PoleError, lambda: limit(1/x, x, 0, dir='real'))
def test_basic1(): assert limit(x, x, oo) == oo assert limit(x, x, -oo) == -oo assert limit(-x, x, oo) == -oo assert limit(x**2, x, -oo) == oo assert limit(-x**2, x, oo) == -oo assert limit(x*log(x), x, 0, dir="+") == 0 assert limit(1/x, x, oo) == 0 assert limit(exp(x), x, oo) == oo assert limit(-exp(x), x, oo) == -oo assert limit(exp(x)/x, x, oo) == oo assert limit(1/x - exp(-x), x, oo) == 0 assert limit(x + 1/x, x, oo) == oo assert limit(x - x**2, x, oo) == -oo assert limit((1 + x)**(1 + sqrt(2)), x, 0) == 1 assert limit((1 + x)**oo, x, 0) == oo assert limit((1 + x)**oo, x, 0, dir='-') == 0 assert limit((1 + x + y)**oo, x, 0, dir='-') == (1 + y)**(oo) assert limit(y/x/log(x), x, 0) == -oo*sign(y) assert limit(cos(x + y)/x, x, 0) == sign(cos(y))*oo limit(Sum(1/x, (x, 1, y)) - log(y), y, oo) limit(Sum(1/x, (x, 1, y)) - 1/y, y, oo) assert limit(gamma(1/x + 3), x, oo) == 2 assert limit(S.NaN, x, -oo) == S.NaN assert limit(O(2)*x, x, S.NaN) == S.NaN assert limit(sin(O(x)), x, 0) == 0 assert limit(1/(x - 1), x, 1, dir="+") == oo assert limit(1/(x - 1), x, 1, dir="-") == -oo assert limit(1/(5 - x)**3, x, 5, dir="+") == -oo assert limit(1/(5 - x)**3, x, 5, dir="-") == oo assert limit(1/sin(x), x, pi, dir="+") == -oo assert limit(1/sin(x), x, pi, dir="-") == oo assert limit(1/cos(x), x, pi/2, dir="+") == -oo assert limit(1/cos(x), x, pi/2, dir="-") == oo assert limit(1/tan(x**3), x, (2*pi)**Rational(1, 3), dir="+") == oo assert limit(1/tan(x**3), x, (2*pi)**Rational(1, 3), dir="-") == -oo assert limit(1/cot(x)**3, x, (3*pi/2), dir="+") == -oo assert limit(1/cot(x)**3, x, (3*pi/2), dir="-") == oo # approaching 0 # from dir="+" assert limit(1 + 1/x, x, 0) == oo # from dir='-' # Add assert limit(1 + 1/x, x, 0, dir='-') == -oo # Pow assert limit(x**(-2), x, 0, dir='-') == oo assert limit(x**(-3), x, 0, dir='-') == -oo assert limit(1/sqrt(x), x, 0, dir='-') == (-oo)*I assert limit(x**2, x, 0, dir='-') == 0 assert limit(sqrt(x), x, 0, dir='-') == 0 assert limit(x**-pi, x, 0, dir='-') == oo*sign((-1)**(-pi)) assert limit((1 + cos(x))**oo, x, 0) == oo assert limit(x**2, x, 0, dir='real') == 0 assert limit(exp(x), x, 0, dir='real') == 1 pytest.raises(PoleError, lambda: limit(1/x, x, 0, dir='real'))
def test_trigintegrate_mixed(): assert trigintegrate(sin(x) * sec(x), x) == -log(sin(x)**2 - 1) / 2 assert trigintegrate(sin(x) * csc(x), x) == x assert trigintegrate(sin(x) * cot(x), x) == sin(x) assert trigintegrate(cos(x) * sec(x), x) == x assert trigintegrate(cos(x) * csc(x), x) == log(cos(x)**2 - 1) / 2 assert trigintegrate(cos(x) * tan(x), x) == -cos(x) assert trigintegrate(cos(x)*cot(x), x) == log(cos(x) - 1)/2 \ - log(cos(x) + 1)/2 + cos(x)
def test_trigsimp1a(): assert trigsimp(sin(2)**2*cos(3)*exp(2)/cos(2)**2) == tan(2)**2*cos(3)*exp(2) assert trigsimp(tan(2)**2*cos(3)*exp(2)*cos(2)**2) == sin(2)**2*cos(3)*exp(2) assert trigsimp(cot(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)*sin(2)) == cos(3)*exp(2)*cos(2) assert trigsimp(tan(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)/sin(2)) == cos(3)*exp(2)/cos(2) assert trigsimp(cot(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)/cos(2)) == cos(3)*exp(2)/sin(2) assert trigsimp(cot(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)*tan(2)) == cos(3)*exp(2) assert trigsimp(sinh(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)/cosh(2)) == tanh(2)*cos(3)*exp(2) assert trigsimp(tanh(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)*cosh(2)) == sinh(2)*cos(3)*exp(2) assert trigsimp(coth(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)*sinh(2)) == cosh(2)*cos(3)*exp(2) assert trigsimp(tanh(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)/sinh(2)) == cos(3)*exp(2)/cosh(2) assert trigsimp(coth(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)/cosh(2)) == cos(3)*exp(2)/sinh(2) assert trigsimp(coth(2)*cos(3)*exp(2)*tanh(2)) == cos(3)*exp(2)
def test_trigsimp_old(capsys): e = 2 * sin(x)**2 + 2 * cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(e, old=True) == 2 e = 3 * tanh(x)**7 - 2 / coth(x)**7 assert trigsimp(e, method='old') == e e = (-sin(x) + 1) / cos(x) + cos(x) / (-sin(x) + 1) assert (trigsimp(e, method='old') == (-sin(x) + 1) / cos(x) - cos(x) / (sin(x) - 1)) e = (-sin(x) + 1) / cos(x) + cos(x) / (-sin(x) + 1) assert trigsimp(e, method='groebner', old=True) == 2 / cos(x) assert trigsimp(1 / cot(x)**2, compare=True, old=True) == cot(x)**(-2) assert capsys.readouterr().out == '\tfutrig: tan(x)**2\n'
def test_hyperbolic_simp(): assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**2 + 1) == cosh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**2 - 1) == sinh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**2 - sinh(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(1 - tanh(x)**2) == 1 / cosh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 - 1 / cosh(x)**2) == tanh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(tanh(x)**2 + 1 / cosh(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(coth(x)**2 - 1) == 1 / sinh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 / sinh(x)**2 + 1) == 1 / tanh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(coth(x)**2 - 1 / sinh(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(5 * cosh(x)**2 - 5 * sinh(x)**2) == 5 assert trigsimp(5 * cosh(x / 2)**2 - 2 * sinh(x / 2)**2) == 3 * cosh(x) / 2 + Rational(7, 2) assert trigsimp(sinh(x) / cosh(x)) == tanh(x) assert trigsimp(tanh(x)) == trigsimp(sinh(x) / cosh(x)) assert trigsimp(cosh(x) / sinh(x)) == 1 / tanh(x) assert trigsimp(2 * tanh(x) * cosh(x)) == 2 * sinh(x) assert trigsimp(coth(x)**3 * sinh(x)**3) == cosh(x)**3 assert trigsimp(y * tanh(x)**2 / sinh(x)**2) == y / cosh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(coth(x) / cosh(x)) == 1 / sinh(x) e = 2 * cosh(x)**2 - 2 * sinh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(log(e)) == log(2) assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**2 * cosh(y)**2 - cosh(x)**2 * sinh(y)**2 - sinh(x)**2, recursive=True) == 1 assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**2 * sinh(y)**2 - sinh(x)**2 * cosh(y)**2 + cosh(x)**2, recursive=True) == 1 assert abs(trigsimp(2.0 * cosh(x)**2 - 2.0 * sinh(x)**2) - 2.0) < 1e-10 assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**2 / cosh(x)**2) == tanh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**3 / cosh(x)**3) == tanh(x)**3 assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**10 / cosh(x)**10) == tanh(x)**10 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**3 / sinh(x)**3) == 1 / tanh(x)**3 assert trigsimp(cosh(x) / sinh(x)) == 1 / tanh(x) assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**2 / sinh(x)**2) == 1 / tanh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**10 / sinh(x)**10) == 1 / tanh(x)**10 assert trigsimp(x * cosh(x) * tanh(x)) == x * sinh(x) assert trigsimp(-sinh(x) + cosh(x) * tanh(x)) == 0 assert tan(x) != 1 / cot(x) # cot doesn't auto-simplify assert trigsimp(tan(x) - 1 / cot(x)) == 0 assert trigsimp(3 * tanh(x)**7 - 2 / coth(x)**7) == tanh(x)**7
def test_TR13(): assert TR13(tan(3)*tan(2)) == -tan(2)/tan(5) - tan(3)/tan(5) + 1 assert TR13(cot(3)*cot(2)) == 1 + cot(3)*cot(5) + cot(2)*cot(5) assert TR13(tan(1)*tan(2)*tan(3)) == \ (-tan(2)/tan(5) - tan(3)/tan(5) + 1)*tan(1) assert TR13(tan(1)*tan(2)*cot(3)) == \ (-tan(2)/tan(3) + 1 - tan(1)/tan(3))*cot(3)
def test_TR13(): assert TR13(tan(3) * tan(2)) == -tan(2) / tan(5) - tan(3) / tan(5) + 1 assert TR13(cot(3) * cot(2)) == 1 + cot(3) * cot(5) + cot(2) * cot(5) assert TR13(tan(1)*tan(2)*tan(3)) == \ (-tan(2)/tan(5) - tan(3)/tan(5) + 1)*tan(1) assert TR13(tan(1)*tan(2)*cot(3)) == \ (-tan(2)/tan(3) + 1 - tan(1)/tan(3))*cot(3)
def test_tancot_rewrite_sqrt(): for p in [1, 3, 5, 17]: for t in [1, 8]: n = t*p for i in range(1, (n + 1)//2 + 1): if 1 == gcd(i, n): x = i*pi/n if 2*i != n and 3*i != 2*n: t1 = tan(x).rewrite(sqrt) assert not t1.has(cot, tan), f'fails for {i:d}*pi/{n:d}' assert 1e-3 > abs( tan(x.evalf(7)) - t1.evalf(4) ), f'fails for {i:d}*pi/{n:d}' if i != 0 and i != n: c1 = cot(x).rewrite(sqrt) assert not c1.has(cot, tan), f'fails for {i:d}*pi/{n:d}' assert 1e-3 > abs( cot(x.evalf(7)) - c1.evalf(4) ), f'fails for {i:d}*pi/{n:d}'
def test_hyperbolic_simp(): assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**2 + 1) == cosh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**2 - 1) == sinh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**2 - sinh(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(1 - tanh(x)**2) == 1/cosh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 - 1/cosh(x)**2) == tanh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(tanh(x)**2 + 1/cosh(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(coth(x)**2 - 1) == 1/sinh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1/sinh(x)**2 + 1) == 1/tanh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(coth(x)**2 - 1/sinh(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(5*cosh(x)**2 - 5*sinh(x)**2) == 5 assert trigsimp(5*cosh(x/2)**2 - 2*sinh(x/2)**2) == 3*cosh(x)/2 + Rational(7, 2) assert trigsimp(sinh(x)/cosh(x)) == tanh(x) assert trigsimp(tanh(x)) == trigsimp(sinh(x)/cosh(x)) assert trigsimp(cosh(x)/sinh(x)) == 1/tanh(x) assert trigsimp(2*tanh(x)*cosh(x)) == 2*sinh(x) assert trigsimp(coth(x)**3*sinh(x)**3) == cosh(x)**3 assert trigsimp(y*tanh(x)**2/sinh(x)**2) == y/cosh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(coth(x)/cosh(x)) == 1/sinh(x) e = 2*cosh(x)**2 - 2*sinh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(log(e)) == log(2) assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**2*cosh(y)**2 - cosh(x)**2*sinh(y)**2 - sinh(x)**2, recursive=True) == 1 assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**2*sinh(y)**2 - sinh(x)**2*cosh(y)**2 + cosh(x)**2, recursive=True) == 1 assert abs(trigsimp(2.0*cosh(x)**2 - 2.0*sinh(x)**2) - 2.0) < 1e-10 assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**2/cosh(x)**2) == tanh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**3/cosh(x)**3) == tanh(x)**3 assert trigsimp(sinh(x)**10/cosh(x)**10) == tanh(x)**10 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**3/sinh(x)**3) == 1/tanh(x)**3 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)/sinh(x)) == 1/tanh(x) assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**2/sinh(x)**2) == 1/tanh(x)**2 assert trigsimp(cosh(x)**10/sinh(x)**10) == 1/tanh(x)**10 assert trigsimp(x*cosh(x)*tanh(x)) == x*sinh(x) assert trigsimp(-sinh(x) + cosh(x)*tanh(x)) == 0 assert tan(x) != 1/cot(x) # cot doesn't auto-simplify assert trigsimp(tan(x) - 1/cot(x)) == 0 assert trigsimp(3*tanh(x)**7 - 2/coth(x)**7) == tanh(x)**7
def test_real_imag(): a, b = symbols('a b', extended_real=True) z = a + b*I for deep in [True, False]: assert sin( z).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (sin(a)*cosh(b), cos(a)*sinh(b)) assert cos( z).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (cos(a)*cosh(b), -sin(a)*sinh(b)) assert tan(z).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (sin(2*a)/(cos(2*a) + cosh(2*b)), sinh(2*b)/(cos(2*a) + cosh(2*b))) assert cot(z).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (-sin(2*a)/(cos(2*a) - cosh(2*b)), -sinh(2*b)/(cos(2*a) - cosh(2*b))) assert sin(a).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (sin(a), 0) assert cos(a).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (cos(a), 0) assert tan(a).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (tan(a), 0) assert cot(a).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (cot(a), 0)
def test_sympyissue_21176(): e = x**2 * cot(pi * x) / (x**4 + 1) pt = -sqrt(2) / 2 - sqrt(2) * I / 2 assert residue( e, x, pt) == sqrt(2) * I / Mul(2, -2 + 2 * I, tan(sqrt(2) * pi / 2 + sqrt(2) * I * pi / 2), evaluate=False)
def test_Ynm(): # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_harmonics th, ph = Symbol("theta", extended_real=True), Symbol("phi", extended_real=True) from diofant.abc import n, m assert Ynm(0, 0, th, ph).expand(func=True) == 1 / (2 * sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(1, -1, th, ph) == -exp(-2 * I * ph) * Ynm(1, 1, th, ph) assert Ynm(1, -1, th, ph).expand( func=True) == sqrt(6) * sin(th) * exp(-I * ph) / (4 * sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(1, -1, th, ph).expand( func=True) == sqrt(6) * sin(th) * exp(-I * ph) / (4 * sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(1, 0, th, ph).expand(func=True) == sqrt(3) * cos(th) / (2 * sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(1, 1, th, ph).expand( func=True) == -sqrt(6) * sin(th) * exp(I * ph) / (4 * sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(2, 0, th, ph).expand( func=True ) == 3 * sqrt(5) * cos(th)**2 / (4 * sqrt(pi)) - sqrt(5) / (4 * sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(2, 1, th, ph).expand(func=True) == -sqrt(30) * sin(th) * exp( I * ph) * cos(th) / (4 * sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm( 2, -2, th, ph).expand(func=True) == (-sqrt(30) * exp(-2 * I * ph) * cos(th)**2 / (8 * sqrt(pi)) + sqrt(30) * exp(-2 * I * ph) / (8 * sqrt(pi))) assert Ynm( 2, 2, th, ph).expand(func=True) == (-sqrt(30) * exp(2 * I * ph) * cos(th)**2 / (8 * sqrt(pi)) + sqrt(30) * exp(2 * I * ph) / (8 * sqrt(pi))) assert diff(Ynm( n, m, th, ph), th) == (m * cot(th) * Ynm(n, m, th, ph) + sqrt( (-m + n) * (m + n + 1)) * exp(-I * ph) * Ynm(n, m + 1, th, ph)) assert diff(Ynm(n, m, th, ph), ph) == I * m * Ynm(n, m, th, ph) pytest.raises(ArgumentIndexError, lambda: Ynm(n, m, th, ph).fdiff(1)) assert conjugate( Ynm(n, m, th, ph)) == (-1)**(2 * m) * exp(-2 * I * m * ph) * Ynm(n, m, th, ph) assert Ynm(n, m, -th, ph) == Ynm(n, m, th, ph) assert Ynm(n, m, th, -ph) == exp(-2 * I * m * ph) * Ynm(n, m, th, ph) assert Ynm(n, -m, th, ph) == (-1)**m * exp(-2 * I * m * ph) * Ynm(n, m, th, ph) assert (Ynm(n, m, th, ph).rewrite(sin) == Ynm( n, m, th, ph).rewrite(cos) == exp(I * m * ph) * sqrt( (2 * n + 1) * factorial(-m + n) / factorial(m + n)) * assoc_legendre(n, m, cos(th)) / (2 * sqrt(pi))) assert (Ynm(n, m, th, ph).as_real_imag() == ( sqrt((2 * n + 1) * factorial(-m + n) / factorial(m + n)) * cos(m * ph) * assoc_legendre(n, m, cos(th)) / (2 * sqrt(pi)), sqrt((2 * n + 1) * factorial(-m + n) / factorial(m + n)) * sin(m * ph) * assoc_legendre(n, m, cos(th)) / (2 * sqrt(pi))))
def test_trigsimp_issues(): # issue sympy/sympy#4625 - factor_terms works, too assert trigsimp(sin(x)**3 + cos(x)**2 * sin(x)) == sin(x) # issue sympy/sympy#5948 assert trigsimp(diff(integrate(cos(x)/sin(x)**3, x), x)) == \ cos(x)/sin(x)**3 assert trigsimp(diff(integrate(sin(x)/cos(x)**3, x), x)) == \ sin(x)/cos(x)**3 # check integer exponents e = sin(x)**y / cos(x)**y assert trigsimp(e) == e assert trigsimp(e.subs(y, 2)) == tan(x)**2 assert trigsimp(e.subs(x, 1)) == tan(1)**y # check for multiple patterns assert (cos(x)**2/sin(x)**2*cos(y)**2/sin(y)**2).trigsimp() == \ 1/tan(x)**2/tan(y)**2 assert trigsimp(cos(x)/sin(x)*cos(x+y)/sin(x+y)) == \ 1/(tan(x)*tan(x + y)) eq = cos(2) * (cos(3) + 1)**2 / (cos(3) - 1)**2 assert trigsimp(eq) == eq.factor() # factor makes denom (-1 + cos(3))**2 assert trigsimp(cos(2)*(cos(3) + 1)**2*(cos(3) - 1)**2) == \ cos(2)*sin(3)**4 # issue sympy/sympy#6789; this generates an expression that formerly caused # trigsimp to hang assert cot(x).equals(tan(x)) is False # nan or the unchanged expression is ok, but not sin(1) z = cos(x)**2 + sin(x)**2 - 1 z1 = tan(x)**2 - 1 / cot(x)**2 n = (1 + z1 / z) assert trigsimp(sin(n)) != sin(1) eq = x * (n - 1) - x * n assert trigsimp(eq) is nan assert trigsimp(eq, recursive=True) is nan assert trigsimp(1).is_Integer assert trigsimp(-sin(x)**4 - 2 * sin(x)**2 * cos(x)**2 - cos(x)**4) == -1
def test_trigsimp_issues(): # issue sympy/sympy#4625 - factor_terms works, too assert trigsimp(sin(x)**3 + cos(x)**2*sin(x)) == sin(x) # issue sympy/sympy#5948 assert trigsimp(diff(integrate(cos(x)/sin(x)**3, x), x)) == \ cos(x)/sin(x)**3 assert trigsimp(diff(integrate(sin(x)/cos(x)**3, x), x)) == \ sin(x)/cos(x)**3 # check integer exponents e = sin(x)**y/cos(x)**y assert trigsimp(e) == e assert trigsimp(e.subs({y: 2})) == tan(x)**2 assert trigsimp(e.subs({x: 1})) == tan(1)**y # check for multiple patterns assert (cos(x)**2/sin(x)**2*cos(y)**2/sin(y)**2).trigsimp() == \ 1/tan(x)**2/tan(y)**2 assert trigsimp(cos(x)/sin(x)*cos(x+y)/sin(x+y)) == \ 1/(tan(x)*tan(x + y)) eq = cos(2)*(cos(3) + 1)**2/(cos(3) - 1)**2 assert trigsimp(eq) == eq.factor() # factor makes denom (-1 + cos(3))**2 assert trigsimp(cos(2)*(cos(3) + 1)**2*(cos(3) - 1)**2) == \ cos(2)*sin(3)**4 # issue sympy/sympy#6789; this generates an expression that formerly caused # trigsimp to hang assert cot(x).equals(tan(x)) is False # nan or the unchanged expression is ok, but not sin(1) z = cos(x)**2 + sin(x)**2 - 1 z1 = tan(x)**2 - 1/cot(x)**2 n = (1 + z1/z) assert trigsimp(sin(n)) != sin(1) eq = x*(n - 1) - x*n assert trigsimp(eq) is nan assert trigsimp(eq, recursive=True) is nan assert trigsimp(1).is_Integer assert trigsimp(-sin(x)**4 - 2*sin(x)**2*cos(x)**2 - cos(x)**4) == -1
def test_inverses(): pytest.raises(AttributeError, lambda: sin(x).inverse()) pytest.raises(AttributeError, lambda: cos(x).inverse()) assert tan(x).inverse() == atan assert cot(x).inverse() == acot pytest.raises(AttributeError, lambda: csc(x).inverse()) pytest.raises(AttributeError, lambda: sec(x).inverse()) assert asin(x).inverse() == sin assert acos(x).inverse() == cos assert atan(x).inverse() == tan assert acot(x).inverse() == cot
def test_trigonometric(): n3 = Integer(3) e = (sin(x)**2).diff(x) assert e == 2 * sin(x) * cos(x) e = e.subs({x: n3}) assert e == 2 * cos(n3) * sin(n3) e = (sin(x)**2).diff(x) assert e == 2 * sin(x) * cos(x) e = e.subs({sin(x): cos(x)}) assert e == 2 * cos(x)**2 i = Symbol('i', integer=True) assert tan(x).subs({x: pi / 2}) is zoo assert cot(x).subs({x: pi}) is zoo assert cot(i * x).subs({x: pi}) is zoo assert tan(i * x).subs({x: pi / 2}) == tan(i * pi / 2) assert tan(i * x).subs({x: pi / 2}).subs({i: 1}) is zoo o = Symbol('o', odd=True) assert tan(o * x).subs({x: pi / 2}) == tan(o * pi / 2)
def test_trigonometric(): n3 = Rational(3) e = (sin(x)**2).diff(x) assert e == 2 * sin(x) * cos(x) e = e.subs(x, n3) assert e == 2 * cos(n3) * sin(n3) e = (sin(x)**2).diff(x) assert e == 2 * sin(x) * cos(x) e = e.subs(sin(x), cos(x)) assert e == 2 * cos(x)**2 i = Symbol('i', integer=True) assert tan(x).subs(x, pi / 2) is zoo assert cot(x).subs(x, pi) is zoo assert cot(i * x).subs(x, pi) is zoo assert tan(i * x).subs(x, pi / 2) == tan(i * pi / 2) assert tan(i * x).subs(x, pi / 2).subs(i, 1) is zoo o = Symbol('o', odd=True) assert tan(o * x).subs(x, pi / 2) == tan(o * pi / 2)
def test_trigonometric(): n3 = Integer(3) e = (sin(x)**2).diff(x) assert e == 2*sin(x)*cos(x) e = e.subs({x: n3}) assert e == 2*cos(n3)*sin(n3) e = (sin(x)**2).diff(x) assert e == 2*sin(x)*cos(x) e = e.subs({sin(x): cos(x)}) assert e == 2*cos(x)**2 i = Symbol('i', integer=True) assert tan(x).subs({x: pi/2}) is zoo assert cot(x).subs({x: pi}) is zoo assert cot(i*x).subs({x: pi}) is zoo assert tan(i*x).subs({x: pi/2}) == tan(i*pi/2) assert tan(i*x).subs({x: pi/2}).subs({i: 1}) is zoo o = Symbol('o', odd=True) assert tan(o*x).subs({x: pi/2}) == tan(o*pi/2)
def test_conjugate(): a = Symbol('a', extended_real=True) b = Symbol('b', extended_real=True) c = Symbol('c', imaginary=True) d = Symbol('d', imaginary=True) z = a + I * b + c + I * d zc = a - I * b - c + I * d assert conjugate(z) == zc assert conjugate(exp(z)) == exp(zc) assert conjugate(exp(I * x)) == exp(-I * conjugate(x)) assert conjugate(z**5) == zc**5 assert conjugate(abs(x)) == abs(x) assert conjugate(sign(z)) == sign(zc) assert conjugate(sin(z)) == sin(zc) assert conjugate(cos(z)) == cos(zc) assert conjugate(tan(z)) == tan(zc) assert conjugate(cot(z)) == cot(zc) assert conjugate(sinh(z)) == sinh(zc) assert conjugate(cosh(z)) == cosh(zc) assert conjugate(tanh(z)) == tanh(zc) assert conjugate(coth(z)) == coth(zc)
def test_conjugate(): a = Symbol("a", extended_real=True) b = Symbol("b", extended_real=True) c = Symbol("c", imaginary=True) d = Symbol("d", imaginary=True) x = Symbol('x') z = a + I*b + c + I*d zc = a - I*b - c + I*d assert conjugate(z) == zc assert conjugate(exp(z)) == exp(zc) assert conjugate(exp(I*x)) == exp(-I*conjugate(x)) assert conjugate(z**5) == zc**5 assert conjugate(abs(x)) == abs(x) assert conjugate(sign(z)) == sign(zc) assert conjugate(sin(z)) == sin(zc) assert conjugate(cos(z)) == cos(zc) assert conjugate(tan(z)) == tan(zc) assert conjugate(cot(z)) == cot(zc) assert conjugate(sinh(z)) == sinh(zc) assert conjugate(cosh(z)) == cosh(zc) assert conjugate(tanh(z)) == tanh(zc) assert conjugate(coth(z)) == coth(zc)
def test_trigsimp1(): assert trigsimp(1 - sin(x)**2) == cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 - cos(x)**2) == sin(x)**2 assert trigsimp(sin(x)**2 + cos(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(1 + tan(x)**2) == 1 / cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 / cos(x)**2 - 1) == tan(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 / cos(x)**2 - tan(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(1 + cot(x)**2) == 1 / sin(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 / sin(x)**2 - 1) == 1 / tan(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 / sin(x)**2 - cot(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(5 * cos(x)**2 + 5 * sin(x)**2) == 5 assert trigsimp(5 * cos(x / 2)**2 + 2 * sin(x / 2)**2) == 3 * cos(x) / 2 + Rational(7, 2) assert trigsimp(sin(x) / cos(x)) == tan(x) assert trigsimp(2 * tan(x) * cos(x)) == 2 * sin(x) assert trigsimp(cot(x)**3 * sin(x)**3) == cos(x)**3 assert trigsimp(y * tan(x)**2 / sin(x)**2) == y / cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(cot(x) / cos(x)) == 1 / sin(x) assert trigsimp(sin(x + y) + sin(x - y)) == 2 * sin(x) * cos(y) assert trigsimp(sin(x + y) - sin(x - y)) == 2 * sin(y) * cos(x) assert trigsimp(cos(x + y) + cos(x - y)) == 2 * cos(x) * cos(y) assert trigsimp(cos(x + y) - cos(x - y)) == -2 * sin(x) * sin(y) assert trigsimp(tan(x + y) - tan(x)/(1 - tan(x)*tan(y))) == \ sin(y)/(-sin(y)*tan(x) + cos(y)) # -tan(y)/(tan(x)*tan(y) - 1) assert trigsimp(sinh(x + y) + sinh(x - y)) == 2 * sinh(x) * cosh(y) assert trigsimp(sinh(x + y) - sinh(x - y)) == 2 * sinh(y) * cosh(x) assert trigsimp(cosh(x + y) + cosh(x - y)) == 2 * cosh(x) * cosh(y) assert trigsimp(cosh(x + y) - cosh(x - y)) == 2 * sinh(x) * sinh(y) assert trigsimp(tanh(x + y) - tanh(x)/(1 + tanh(x)*tanh(y))) == \ sinh(y)/(sinh(y)*tanh(x) + cosh(y)) assert trigsimp(cos(0.12345)**2 + sin(0.12345)**2) == 1 e = 2 * sin(x)**2 + 2 * cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(log(e)) == log(2)
def test_cos_rewrite(): assert cos(x).rewrite(exp) == exp(I*x)/2 + exp(-I*x)/2 assert cos(x).rewrite(tan) == (1 - tan(x/2)**2)/(1 + tan(x/2)**2) assert cos(x).rewrite(cot) == -(1 - cot(x/2)**2)/(1 + cot(x/2)**2) assert (cos(sinh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == cos(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: sinh(3)}).evalf()) assert (cos(cosh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == cos(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cosh(3)}).evalf()) assert (cos(tanh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == cos(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: tanh(3)}).evalf()) assert (cos(coth(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == cos(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: coth(3)}).evalf()) assert (cos(sin(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == cos(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: sin(3)}).evalf()) assert (cos(cos(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == cos(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cos(3)}).evalf()) assert (cos(tan(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == cos(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: tan(3)}).evalf()) assert (cos(cot(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == cos(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cot(3)}).evalf()) assert cos(log(x)).rewrite(Pow) == x**I/2 + x**-I/2 assert cos(x).rewrite(Pow) == cos(x) assert cos(x).rewrite(sec) == 1/sec(x)
def test_sin_rewrite(): assert sin(x).rewrite(exp) == -I*(exp(I*x) - exp(-I*x))/2 assert sin(x).rewrite(tan) == 2*tan(x/2)/(1 + tan(x/2)**2) assert sin(x).rewrite(cot) == 2*cot(x/2)/(1 + cot(x/2)**2) assert (sin(sinh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == sin(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: sinh(3)}).evalf()) assert (sin(cosh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == sin(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cosh(3)}).evalf()) assert (sin(tanh(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == sin(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: tanh(3)}).evalf()) assert (sin(coth(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == sin(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: coth(3)}).evalf()) assert (sin(sin(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == sin(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: sin(3)}).evalf()) assert (sin(cos(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == sin(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cos(3)}).evalf()) assert (sin(tan(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == sin(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: tan(3)}).evalf()) assert (sin(cot(x)).rewrite(exp).subs({x: 3}).evalf() == sin(x).rewrite(exp).subs({x: cot(3)}).evalf()) assert sin(log(x)).rewrite(Pow) == I*x**-I / 2 - I*x**I / 2 assert sin(x).rewrite(Pow) == sin(x) # issue sympy/sympy#7171 assert sin(x).rewrite(csc) == 1/csc(x)
def test_trigsimp1(): assert trigsimp(1 - sin(x)**2) == cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1 - cos(x)**2) == sin(x)**2 assert trigsimp(sin(x)**2 + cos(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(1 + tan(x)**2) == 1/cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1/cos(x)**2 - 1) == tan(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1/cos(x)**2 - tan(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(1 + cot(x)**2) == 1/sin(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1/sin(x)**2 - 1) == 1/tan(x)**2 assert trigsimp(1/sin(x)**2 - cot(x)**2) == 1 assert trigsimp(5*cos(x)**2 + 5*sin(x)**2) == 5 assert trigsimp(5*cos(x/2)**2 + 2*sin(x/2)**2) == 3*cos(x)/2 + Rational(7, 2) assert trigsimp(sin(x)/cos(x)) == tan(x) assert trigsimp(2*tan(x)*cos(x)) == 2*sin(x) assert trigsimp(cot(x)**3*sin(x)**3) == cos(x)**3 assert trigsimp(y*tan(x)**2/sin(x)**2) == y/cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(cot(x)/cos(x)) == 1/sin(x) assert trigsimp(sin(x + y) + sin(x - y)) == 2*sin(x)*cos(y) assert trigsimp(sin(x + y) - sin(x - y)) == 2*sin(y)*cos(x) assert trigsimp(cos(x + y) + cos(x - y)) == 2*cos(x)*cos(y) assert trigsimp(cos(x + y) - cos(x - y)) == -2*sin(x)*sin(y) assert trigsimp(tan(x + y) - tan(x)/(1 - tan(x)*tan(y))) == \ sin(y)/(-sin(y)*tan(x) + cos(y)) # -tan(y)/(tan(x)*tan(y) - 1) assert trigsimp(sinh(x + y) + sinh(x - y)) == 2*sinh(x)*cosh(y) assert trigsimp(sinh(x + y) - sinh(x - y)) == 2*sinh(y)*cosh(x) assert trigsimp(cosh(x + y) + cosh(x - y)) == 2*cosh(x)*cosh(y) assert trigsimp(cosh(x + y) - cosh(x - y)) == 2*sinh(x)*sinh(y) assert trigsimp(tanh(x + y) - tanh(x)/(1 + tanh(x)*tanh(y))) == \ sinh(y)/(sinh(y)*tanh(x) + cosh(y)) assert trigsimp(cos(0.12345)**2 + sin(0.12345)**2) == 1 e = 2*sin(x)**2 + 2*cos(x)**2 assert trigsimp(log(e)) == log(2)
def test_hyper_as_trig(): eq = sinh(x)**2 + cosh(x)**2 t, f = hyper_as_trig(eq) assert f(fu(t)) == cosh(2*x) e, f = hyper_as_trig(tanh(x + y)) assert f(TR12(e)) == (tanh(x) + tanh(y))/(tanh(x)*tanh(y) + 1) d = Dummy() assert o(sinh(x), d) == I*sin(x*d) assert o(tanh(x), d) == I*tan(x*d) assert o(coth(x), d) == cot(x*d)/I assert o(cosh(x), d) == cos(x*d) for func in (sinh, cosh, tanh, coth): h = func(pi) assert i(o(h, d), d) == h # /!\ the _osborne functions are not meant to work # in the o(i(trig, d), d) direction so we just check # that they work as they are supposed to work assert i(cos(x*y), y) == cosh(x) assert i(sin(x*y), y) == sinh(x)/I assert i(tan(x*y), y) == tanh(x)/I assert i(cot(x*y), y) == coth(x)*I assert i(sec(x*y), y) == 1/cosh(x) assert i(csc(x*y), y) == I/sinh(x)
def test_leading_terms(): for func in [sin, cos, tan, cot, asin, acos, atan, acot]: for arg in (1/x, Rational(1, 2)): eq = func(arg) assert eq.as_leading_term(x) == eq # issue sympy/sympy#5272 assert sin(x).as_leading_term(x) == x assert cos(x).as_leading_term(x) == 1 assert tan(x).as_leading_term(x) == x assert cot(x).as_leading_term(x) == 1/x assert asin(x).as_leading_term(x) == x assert acos(x).as_leading_term(x) == x assert atan(x).as_leading_term(x) == x assert acot(x).as_leading_term(x) == x
def test_diff3(): p = Integer(5) e = a*b + sin(b**p) assert e == a*b + sin(b**5) assert e.diff(a) == b assert e.diff(b) == a + 5*b**4*cos(b**5) e = tan(c) assert e == tan(c) assert e.diff(c) in [cos(c)**(-2), 1 + sin(c)**2/cos(c)**2, 1 + tan(c)**2] e = c*log(c) - c assert e == -c + c*log(c) assert e.diff(c) == log(c) e = log(sin(c)) assert e == log(sin(c)) assert e.diff(c) in [sin(c)**(-1)*cos(c), cot(c)] e = 2**a/log(2) assert e.diff(a) == 2**a
def test_diff3(): a, b, c = map(Symbol, 'abc') p = Integer(5) e = a*b + sin(b**p) assert e == a*b + sin(b**5) assert e.diff(a) == b assert e.diff(b) == a + 5*b**4*cos(b**5) e = tan(c) assert e == tan(c) assert e.diff(c) in [cos(c)**(-2), 1 + sin(c)**2/cos(c)**2, 1 + tan(c)**2] e = c*log(c) - c assert e == -c + c*log(c) assert e.diff(c) == log(c) e = log(sin(c)) assert e == log(sin(c)) assert e.diff(c) in [sin(c)**(-1)*cos(c), cot(c)] e = 2**a/log(2) assert e.diff(a) == 2**a
def test_diff3(): a, b, c = map(Symbol, 'abc') p = Rational(5) e = a * b + sin(b**p) assert e == a * b + sin(b**5) assert e.diff(a) == b assert e.diff(b) == a + 5 * b**4 * cos(b**5) e = tan(c) assert e == tan(c) assert e.diff(c) in [ cos(c)**(-2), 1 + sin(c)**2 / cos(c)**2, 1 + tan(c)**2 ] e = c * log(c) - c assert e == -c + c * log(c) assert e.diff(c) == log(c) e = log(sin(c)) assert e == log(sin(c)) assert e.diff(c) in [sin(c)**(-1) * cos(c), cot(c)] e = (Rational(2)**a / log(Rational(2))) assert e == 2**a * log(Rational(2))**(-1) assert e.diff(a) == 2**a
def test_Ynm(): # https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_harmonics th, ph = Symbol("theta", extended_real=True), Symbol("phi", extended_real=True) assert Ynm(0, 0, th, ph).expand(func=True) == 1/(2*sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(1, -1, th, ph) == -exp(-2*I*ph)*Ynm(1, 1, th, ph) assert Ynm(1, -1, th, ph).expand(func=True) == sqrt(6)*sin(th)*exp(-I*ph)/(4*sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(1, -1, th, ph).expand(func=True) == sqrt(6)*sin(th)*exp(-I*ph)/(4*sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(1, 0, th, ph).expand(func=True) == sqrt(3)*cos(th)/(2*sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(1, 1, th, ph).expand(func=True) == -sqrt(6)*sin(th)*exp(I*ph)/(4*sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(2, 0, th, ph).expand(func=True) == 3*sqrt(5)*cos(th)**2/(4*sqrt(pi)) - sqrt(5)/(4*sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(2, 1, th, ph).expand(func=True) == -sqrt(30)*sin(th)*exp(I*ph)*cos(th)/(4*sqrt(pi)) assert Ynm(2, -2, th, ph).expand(func=True) == (-sqrt(30)*exp(-2*I*ph)*cos(th)**2/(8*sqrt(pi)) + sqrt(30)*exp(-2*I*ph)/(8*sqrt(pi))) assert Ynm(2, 2, th, ph).expand(func=True) == (-sqrt(30)*exp(2*I*ph)*cos(th)**2/(8*sqrt(pi)) + sqrt(30)*exp(2*I*ph)/(8*sqrt(pi))) assert diff(Ynm(n, m, th, ph), th) == (m*cot(th)*Ynm(n, m, th, ph) + sqrt((-m + n)*(m + n + 1))*exp(-I*ph)*Ynm(n, m + 1, th, ph)) assert diff(Ynm(n, m, th, ph), ph) == I*m*Ynm(n, m, th, ph) pytest.raises(ArgumentIndexError, lambda: Ynm(n, m, th, ph).fdiff(1)) assert conjugate(Ynm(n, m, th, ph)) == (-1)**(2*m)*exp(-2*I*m*ph)*Ynm(n, m, th, ph) assert Ynm(n, m, -th, ph) == Ynm(n, m, th, ph) assert Ynm(n, m, th, -ph) == exp(-2*I*m*ph)*Ynm(n, m, th, ph) assert Ynm(n, -m, th, ph) == (-1)**m*exp(-2*I*m*ph)*Ynm(n, m, th, ph) assert (Ynm(n, m, th, ph).rewrite(sin) == Ynm(n, m, th, ph).rewrite(cos) == exp(I*m*ph)*sqrt((2*n + 1)*factorial(-m + n)/factorial(m + n)) * assoc_legendre(n, m, cos(th))/(2*sqrt(pi))) assert (Ynm(n, m, th, ph).as_real_imag() == (sqrt((2*n + 1)*factorial(-m + n)/factorial(m + n))*cos(m*ph) * assoc_legendre(n, m, cos(th))/(2*sqrt(pi)), sqrt((2*n + 1)*factorial(-m + n)/factorial(m + n))*sin(m*ph) * assoc_legendre(n, m, cos(th))/(2*sqrt(pi))))
def test_sympyissue_4547(): assert limit(cot(x), x, 0, dir='+') == oo assert limit(cot(x), x, pi/2, dir='+') == 0
def test_sympyissue_4329(): assert tan(x).series(x, pi/2, n=3).removeO() == \ -pi/6 + x/3 - 1/(x - pi/2) assert cot(x).series(x, pi, n=3).removeO() == \ -x/3 + pi/3 + 1/(x - pi) assert limit(tan(x)**tan(2 * x), x, pi / 4) == exp(-1)
def test_sympyissue_4329(): assert tan(x).series(x, pi/2, n=3).removeO() == \ -pi/6 + x/3 - 1/(x - pi/2) assert cot(x).series(x, pi, n=3).removeO() == \ -x/3 + pi/3 + 1/(x - pi) assert limit(tan(x)**tan(2*x), x, pi/4) == exp(-1)
def test_TR15_16_17(): assert TR15(1 - 1 / sin(x)**2) == -cot(x)**2 assert TR16(1 - 1 / cos(x)**2) == -tan(x)**2 assert TR111(1 - 1 / tan(x)**2) == 1 - cot(x)**2
def test_TR2(): assert TR2(tan(x)) == sin(x)/cos(x) assert TR2(cot(x)) == cos(x)/sin(x) assert TR2(tan(tan(x) - sin(x)/cos(x))) == 0
def test_TR15_16_17(): assert TR15(1 - 1/sin(x)**2) == -cot(x)**2 assert TR16(1 - 1/cos(x)**2) == -tan(x)**2 assert TR111(1 - 1/tan(x)**2) == 1 - cot(x)**2
def test_harmonic_rational(): ne = Integer(6) no = Integer(5) pe = Integer(8) po = Integer(9) qe = Integer(10) qo = Integer(13) Heee = harmonic(ne + pe / qe) Aeee = (-log(10) + 2 * (Rational(-1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) * log(sqrt(-sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + 2 * (-sqrt(5) / 4 - Rational(1, 4)) * log(sqrt(sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + pi * (Rational(1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) / (2 * sqrt(-sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + Rational(13944145, 4720968)) Heeo = harmonic(ne + pe / qo) Aeeo = (-log(26) + 2 * log(sin(3 * pi / 13)) * cos(4 * pi / 13) + 2 * log(sin(2 * pi / 13)) * cos(32 * pi / 13) + 2 * log(sin(5 * pi / 13)) * cos(80 * pi / 13) - 2 * log(sin(6 * pi / 13)) * cos(5 * pi / 13) - 2 * log(sin(4 * pi / 13)) * cos(pi / 13) + pi * cot(5 * pi / 13) / 2 - 2 * log(sin(pi / 13)) * cos(3 * pi / 13) + Rational(2422020029, 702257080)) Heoe = harmonic(ne + po / qe) Aeoe = ( -log(20) + 2 * (Rational(1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) * log(Rational(-1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) + 2 * (Rational(-1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) * log(sqrt(-sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + 2 * (-sqrt(5) / 4 - Rational(1, 4)) * log(sqrt(sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + 2 * (-sqrt(5) / 4 + Rational(1, 4)) * log(Rational(1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) + Rational(11818877030, 4286604231) + pi * (sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8)) / sqrt(-sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) Heoo = harmonic(ne + po / qo) Aeoo = (-log(26) + 2 * log(sin(3 * pi / 13)) * cos(54 * pi / 13) + 2 * log(sin(4 * pi / 13)) * cos(6 * pi / 13) + 2 * log(sin(6 * pi / 13)) * cos(108 * pi / 13) - 2 * log(sin(5 * pi / 13)) * cos(pi / 13) - 2 * log(sin(pi / 13)) * cos(5 * pi / 13) + pi * cot(4 * pi / 13) / 2 - 2 * log(sin(2 * pi / 13)) * cos(3 * pi / 13) + Rational(11669332571, 3628714320)) Hoee = harmonic(no + pe / qe) Aoee = (-log(10) + 2 * (Rational(-1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) * log(sqrt(-sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + 2 * (-sqrt(5) / 4 - Rational(1, 4)) * log(sqrt(sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + pi * (Rational(1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) / (2 * sqrt(-sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + Rational(779405, 277704)) Hoeo = harmonic(no + pe / qo) Aoeo = (-log(26) + 2 * log(sin(3 * pi / 13)) * cos(4 * pi / 13) + 2 * log(sin(2 * pi / 13)) * cos(32 * pi / 13) + 2 * log(sin(5 * pi / 13)) * cos(80 * pi / 13) - 2 * log(sin(6 * pi / 13)) * cos(5 * pi / 13) - 2 * log(sin(4 * pi / 13)) * cos(pi / 13) + pi * cot(5 * pi / 13) / 2 - 2 * log(sin(pi / 13)) * cos(3 * pi / 13) + Rational(53857323, 16331560)) Hooe = harmonic(no + po / qe) Aooe = ( -log(20) + 2 * (Rational(1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) * log(Rational(-1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) + 2 * (Rational(-1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) * log(sqrt(-sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + 2 * (-sqrt(5) / 4 - Rational(1, 4)) * log(sqrt(sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) + 2 * (-sqrt(5) / 4 + Rational(1, 4)) * log(Rational(1, 4) + sqrt(5) / 4) + Rational(486853480, 186374097) + pi * (sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8)) / sqrt(-sqrt(5) / 8 + Rational(5, 8))) Hooo = harmonic(no + po / qo) Aooo = (-log(26) + 2 * log(sin(3 * pi / 13)) * cos(54 * pi / 13) + 2 * log(sin(4 * pi / 13)) * cos(6 * pi / 13) + 2 * log(sin(6 * pi / 13)) * cos(108 * pi / 13) - 2 * log(sin(5 * pi / 13)) * cos(pi / 13) - 2 * log(sin(pi / 13)) * cos(5 * pi / 13) + pi * cot(4 * pi / 13) / 2 - 2 * log(sin(2 * pi / 13)) * cos(3 * pi / 13) + Rational(383693479, 125128080)) H = [Heee, Heeo, Heoe, Heoo, Hoee, Hoeo, Hooe, Hooo] A = [Aeee, Aeeo, Aeoe, Aeoo, Aoee, Aoeo, Aooe, Aooo] for h, a in zip(H, A): e = expand_func(h).doit() assert cancel(e / a) == 1 assert h.evalf() == a.evalf()
def test_newissue(): assert limit(exp(1/sin(x))/exp(cot(x)), x, 0) == 1
def test_coth(): k = Symbol('k', integer=True) assert coth(nan) == nan assert coth(zoo) == nan assert coth(oo) == 1 assert coth(-oo) == -1 assert coth(0) == coth(0) assert coth(0) == zoo assert coth(1) == coth(1) assert coth(-1) == -coth(1) assert coth(x) == coth(x) assert coth(-x) == -coth(x) assert coth(pi*I) == -I*cot(pi) assert coth(-pi*I) == cot(pi)*I assert coth(2**1024 * E) == coth(2**1024 * E) assert coth(-2**1024 * E) == -coth(2**1024 * E) assert coth(pi*I) == -I*cot(pi) assert coth(-pi*I) == I*cot(pi) assert coth(2*pi*I) == -I*cot(2*pi) assert coth(-2*pi*I) == I*cot(2*pi) assert coth(-3*10**73*pi*I) == I*cot(3*10**73*pi) assert coth(7*10**103*pi*I) == -I*cot(7*10**103*pi) assert coth(pi*I/2) == 0 assert coth(-pi*I/2) == 0 assert coth(5*pi*I/2) == 0 assert coth(7*pi*I/2) == 0 assert coth(pi*I/3) == -I/sqrt(3) assert coth(-2*pi*I/3) == -I/sqrt(3) assert coth(pi*I/4) == -I assert coth(-pi*I/4) == I assert coth(17*pi*I/4) == -I assert coth(-3*pi*I/4) == -I assert coth(pi*I/6) == -sqrt(3)*I assert coth(-pi*I/6) == sqrt(3)*I assert coth(7*pi*I/6) == -sqrt(3)*I assert coth(-5*pi*I/6) == -sqrt(3)*I assert coth(pi*I/105) == -cot(pi/105)*I assert coth(-pi*I/105) == cot(pi/105)*I assert coth(2 + 3*I) == coth(2 + 3*I) assert coth(x*I) == -cot(x)*I assert coth(k*pi*I) == -cot(k*pi)*I assert coth(17*k*pi*I) == -cot(17*k*pi)*I assert coth(k*pi*I) == -cot(k*pi)*I pytest.raises(ArgumentIndexError, lambda: coth(x).fdiff(2)) a, b = symbols('a b', extended_real=True) z = a + b*I for deep in [True, False]: d = sinh(a)**2 + sin(b)**2 assert coth(z).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (sinh(a)*cosh(a)/d, -sin(b)*cos(b)/d) assert coth(a).as_real_imag(deep=deep) == (coth(a), 0)
def test_inverse_mellin_transform(): from diofant import (sin, simplify, Max, Min, expand, powsimp, exp_polar, cos, cot) IMT = inverse_mellin_transform assert IMT(gamma(s), s, x, (0, oo)) == exp(-x) assert IMT(gamma(-s), s, x, (-oo, 0)) == exp(-1 / x) assert simplify(IMT(s/(2*s**2 - 2), s, x, (2, oo))) == \ (x**2 + 1)*Heaviside(1 - x)/(4*x) # test passing "None" assert IMT(1/(s**2 - 1), s, x, (-1, None)) == \ -x*Heaviside(-x + 1)/2 - Heaviside(x - 1)/(2*x) assert IMT(1/(s**2 - 1), s, x, (None, 1)) == \ (-x/2 + 1/(2*x))*Heaviside(-x + 1) # test expansion of sums assert IMT(gamma(s) + gamma(s - 1), s, x, (1, oo)) == (x + 1) * exp(-x) / x # test factorisation of polys r = symbols('r', extended_real=True) assert IMT(1/(s**2 + 1), s, exp(-x), (None, oo) ).subs(x, r).rewrite(sin).simplify() \ == sin(r)*Heaviside(1 - exp(-r)) # test multiplicative substitution _a, _b = symbols('a b', positive=True) assert IMT(_b**(-s / _a) * factorial(s / _a) / s, s, x, (0, oo)) == exp(-_b * x**_a) assert IMT(factorial(_a / _b + s / _b) / (_a + s), s, x, (-_a, oo)) == x**_a * exp(-x**_b) def simp_pows(expr): return simplify(powsimp(expand_mul(expr, deep=False), force=True)).replace(exp_polar, exp) # Now test the inverses of all direct transforms tested above # Section 8.4.2 nu = symbols('nu', extended_real=True, finite=True) assert IMT(-1 / (nu + s), s, x, (-oo, None)) == x**nu * Heaviside(x - 1) assert IMT(1 / (nu + s), s, x, (None, oo)) == x**nu * Heaviside(1 - x) assert simp_pows(IMT(gamma(beta)*gamma(s)/gamma(s + beta), s, x, (0, oo))) \ == (1 - x)**(beta - 1)*Heaviside(1 - x) assert simp_pows(IMT(gamma(beta)*gamma(1 - beta - s)/gamma(1 - s), s, x, (-oo, None))) \ == (x - 1)**(beta - 1)*Heaviside(x - 1) assert simp_pows(IMT(gamma(s)*gamma(rho - s)/gamma(rho), s, x, (0, None))) \ == (1/(x + 1))**rho assert simp_pows(IMT(d**c*d**(s - 1)*sin(pi*c) * gamma(s)*gamma(s + c)*gamma(1 - s)*gamma(1 - s - c)/pi, s, x, (Max(-re(c), 0), Min(1 - re(c), 1)))) \ == (x**c - d**c)/(x - d) assert simplify(IMT(1/sqrt(pi)*(-c/2)*gamma(s)*gamma((1 - c)/2 - s) * gamma(-c/2 - s)/gamma(1 - c - s), s, x, (0, -re(c)/2))) == \ (1 + sqrt(x + 1))**c assert simplify(IMT(2**(a + 2*s)*b**(a + 2*s - 1)*gamma(s)*gamma(1 - a - 2*s) / gamma(1 - a - s), s, x, (0, (-re(a) + 1)/2))) == \ b**(a - 1)*(sqrt(1 + x/b**2) + 1)**(a - 1)*(b**2*sqrt(1 + x/b**2) + b**2 + x)/(b**2 + x) assert simplify(IMT(-2**(c + 2*s)*c*b**(c + 2*s)*gamma(s)*gamma(-c - 2*s) / gamma(-c - s + 1), s, x, (0, -re(c)/2))) == \ b**c*(sqrt(1 + x/b**2) + 1)**c # Section 8.4.5 assert IMT(24 / s**5, s, x, (0, oo)) == log(x)**4 * Heaviside(1 - x) assert expand(IMT(6/s**4, s, x, (-oo, 0)), force=True) == \ log(x)**3*Heaviside(x - 1) assert IMT(pi / (s * sin(pi * s)), s, x, (-1, 0)) == log(x + 1) assert IMT(pi / (s * sin(pi * s / 2)), s, x, (-2, 0)) == log(x**2 + 1) assert IMT(pi / (s * sin(2 * pi * s)), s, x, (-Rational(1, 2), 0)) == log(sqrt(x) + 1) assert IMT(pi / (s * sin(pi * s)), s, x, (0, 1)) == log(1 + 1 / x) # TODO def mysimp(expr): from diofant import expand, logcombine, powsimp return expand(powsimp(logcombine(expr, force=True), force=True, deep=True), force=True).replace(exp_polar, exp) assert mysimp(mysimp(IMT(pi / (s * tan(pi * s)), s, x, (-1, 0)))) in [ log(1 - x) * Heaviside(1 - x) + log(x - 1) * Heaviside(x - 1), log(x) * Heaviside(x - 1) + log(1 - 1 / x) * Heaviside(x - 1) + log(-x + 1) * Heaviside(-x + 1) ] # test passing cot assert mysimp(IMT(pi * cot(pi * s) / s, s, x, (0, 1))) in [ log(1 / x - 1) * Heaviside(1 - x) + log(1 - 1 / x) * Heaviside(x - 1), -log(x) * Heaviside(-x + 1) + log(1 - 1 / x) * Heaviside(x - 1) + log(-x + 1) * Heaviside(-x + 1), ] # 8.4.14 assert IMT(-gamma(s + Rational(1, 2))/(sqrt(pi)*s), s, x, (-Rational(1, 2), 0)) == \ erf(sqrt(x)) # 8.4.19 assert simplify(IMT(gamma(a/2 + s)/gamma(a/2 - s + 1), s, x, (-re(a)/2, Rational(3, 4)))) \ == besselj(a, 2*sqrt(x)) assert simplify(IMT(2**a*gamma(Rational(1, 2) - 2*s)*gamma(s + (a + 1)/2) / (gamma(1 - s - a/2)*gamma(1 - 2*s + a)), s, x, (-(re(a) + 1)/2, Rational(1, 4)))) == \ sin(sqrt(x))*besselj(a, sqrt(x)) assert simplify(IMT(2**a*gamma(a/2 + s)*gamma(Rational(1, 2) - 2*s) / (gamma(Rational(1, 2) - s - a/2)*gamma(1 - 2*s + a)), s, x, (-re(a)/2, Rational(1, 4)))) == \ cos(sqrt(x))*besselj(a, sqrt(x)) # TODO this comes out as an amazing mess, but simplifies nicely assert simplify(IMT(gamma(a + s)*gamma(Rational(1, 2) - s) / (sqrt(pi)*gamma(1 - s)*gamma(1 + a - s)), s, x, (-re(a), Rational(1, 2)))) == \ besselj(a, sqrt(x))**2 assert simplify(IMT(gamma(s)*gamma(Rational(1, 2) - s) / (sqrt(pi)*gamma(1 - s - a)*gamma(1 + a - s)), s, x, (0, Rational(1, 2)))) == \ besselj(-a, sqrt(x))*besselj(a, sqrt(x)) assert simplify(IMT(4**s*gamma(-2*s + 1)*gamma(a/2 + b/2 + s) / (gamma(-a/2 + b/2 - s + 1)*gamma(a/2 - b/2 - s + 1) * gamma(a/2 + b/2 - s + 1)), s, x, (-(re(a) + re(b))/2, Rational(1, 2)))) == \ besselj(a, sqrt(x))*besselj(b, sqrt(x)) # Section 8.4.20 # TODO this can be further simplified! assert simplify(IMT(-2**(2*s)*cos(pi*a/2 - pi*b/2 + pi*s)*gamma(-2*s + 1) * gamma(a/2 - b/2 + s)*gamma(a/2 + b/2 + s) / (pi*gamma(a/2 - b/2 - s + 1)*gamma(a/2 + b/2 - s + 1)), s, x, (Max(-re(a)/2 - re(b)/2, -re(a)/2 + re(b)/2), Rational(1, 2)))) == \ besselj(a, sqrt(x))*-(besselj(-b, sqrt(x)) - besselj(b, sqrt(x))*cos(pi*b))/sin(pi*b) # TODO more # for coverage assert IMT(pi / cos(pi * s), s, x, (0, Rational(1, 2))) == sqrt(x) / (x + 1)
def test_inverse_mellin_transform(): IMT = inverse_mellin_transform assert IMT(gamma(s), s, x, (0, oo)) == exp(-x) assert IMT(gamma(-s), s, x, (-oo, 0)) == exp(-1/x) assert simplify(IMT(s/(2*s**2 - 2), s, x, (2, oo))) == \ (x**2 + 1)*Heaviside(1 - x)/(4*x) # test passing "None" assert IMT(1/(s**2 - 1), s, x, (-1, None)) == \ -x*Heaviside(-x + 1)/2 - Heaviside(x - 1)/(2*x) assert IMT(1/(s**2 - 1), s, x, (None, 1)) == \ (-x/2 + 1/(2*x))*Heaviside(-x + 1) # test expansion of sums assert IMT(gamma(s) + gamma(s - 1), s, x, (1, oo)) == (x + 1)*exp(-x)/x # test factorisation of polys r = symbols('r', extended_real=True) assert (IMT(1/(s**2 + 1), s, exp(-x), (None, oo)).subs({x: r}).rewrite(sin).simplify() == sin(r)*Heaviside(1 - exp(-r))) # test multiplicative substitution _a, _b = symbols('a b', positive=True) assert IMT(_b**(-s/_a)*factorial(s/_a)/s, s, x, (0, oo)) == exp(-_b*x**_a) assert IMT(factorial(_a/_b + s/_b)/(_a + s), s, x, (-_a, oo)) == x**_a*exp(-x**_b) def simp_pows(expr): return simplify(powsimp(expand_mul(expr, deep=False), force=True)).replace(exp_polar, exp) # Now test the inverses of all direct transforms tested above # Section 8.4.2 nu = symbols('nu', real=True) assert IMT(-1/(nu + s), s, x, (-oo, None)) == x**nu*Heaviside(x - 1) assert IMT(1/(nu + s), s, x, (None, oo)) == x**nu*Heaviside(1 - x) assert simp_pows(IMT(gamma(beta)*gamma(s)/gamma(s + beta), s, x, (0, oo))) \ == (1 - x)**(beta - 1)*Heaviside(1 - x) assert simp_pows(IMT(gamma(beta)*gamma(1 - beta - s)/gamma(1 - s), s, x, (-oo, None))) \ == (x - 1)**(beta - 1)*Heaviside(x - 1) assert simp_pows(IMT(gamma(s)*gamma(rho - s)/gamma(rho), s, x, (0, None))) \ == (1/(x + 1))**rho assert simp_pows(IMT(d**c*d**(s - 1)*sin(pi*c) * gamma(s)*gamma(s + c)*gamma(1 - s)*gamma(1 - s - c)/pi, s, x, (Max(-re(c), 0), Min(1 - re(c), 1)))) \ == (x**c - d**c)/(x - d) assert simplify(IMT(1/sqrt(pi)*(-c/2)*gamma(s)*gamma((1 - c)/2 - s) * gamma(-c/2 - s)/gamma(1 - c - s), s, x, (0, -re(c)/2))) == \ (1 + sqrt(x + 1))**c assert simplify(IMT(2**(a + 2*s)*b**(a + 2*s - 1)*gamma(s)*gamma(1 - a - 2*s) / gamma(1 - a - s), s, x, (0, (-re(a) + 1)/2))) == \ b**(a - 1)*(sqrt(1 + x/b**2) + 1)**(a - 1)*(b**2*sqrt(1 + x/b**2) + b**2 + x)/(b**2 + x) assert simplify(IMT(-2**(c + 2*s)*c*b**(c + 2*s)*gamma(s)*gamma(-c - 2*s) / gamma(-c - s + 1), s, x, (0, -re(c)/2))) == \ b**c*(sqrt(1 + x/b**2) + 1)**c # Section 8.4.5 assert IMT(24/s**5, s, x, (0, oo)) == log(x)**4*Heaviside(1 - x) assert expand(IMT(6/s**4, s, x, (-oo, 0)), force=True) == \ log(x)**3*Heaviside(x - 1) assert IMT(pi/(s*sin(pi*s)), s, x, (-1, 0)) == log(x + 1) assert IMT(pi/(s*sin(pi*s/2)), s, x, (-2, 0)) == log(x**2 + 1) assert IMT(pi/(s*sin(2*pi*s)), s, x, (-Rational(1, 2), 0)) == log(sqrt(x) + 1) assert IMT(pi/(s*sin(pi*s)), s, x, (0, 1)) == log(1 + 1/x) # TODO def mysimp(expr): return expand( powsimp(logcombine(expr, force=True), force=True, deep=True), force=True).replace(exp_polar, exp) assert mysimp(mysimp(IMT(pi/(s*tan(pi*s)), s, x, (-1, 0)))) in [ log(1 - x)*Heaviside(1 - x) + log(x - 1)*Heaviside(x - 1), log(x)*Heaviside(x - 1) + log(1 - 1/x)*Heaviside(x - 1) + log(-x + 1)*Heaviside(-x + 1)] # test passing cot assert mysimp(IMT(pi*cot(pi*s)/s, s, x, (0, 1))) in [ log(1/x - 1)*Heaviside(1 - x) + log(1 - 1/x)*Heaviside(x - 1), -log(x)*Heaviside(-x + 1) + log(1 - 1/x)*Heaviside(x - 1) + log(-x + 1)*Heaviside(-x + 1), ] # 8.4.14 assert IMT(-gamma(s + Rational(1, 2))/(sqrt(pi)*s), s, x, (-Rational(1, 2), 0)) == \ erf(sqrt(x)) # 8.4.19 assert simplify(IMT(gamma(a/2 + s)/gamma(a/2 - s + 1), s, x, (-re(a)/2, Rational(3, 4)))) \ == besselj(a, 2*sqrt(x)) assert simplify(IMT(2**a*gamma(Rational(1, 2) - 2*s)*gamma(s + (a + 1)/2) / (gamma(1 - s - a/2)*gamma(1 - 2*s + a)), s, x, (-(re(a) + 1)/2, Rational(1, 4)))) == \ sin(sqrt(x))*besselj(a, sqrt(x)) assert simplify(IMT(2**a*gamma(a/2 + s)*gamma(Rational(1, 2) - 2*s) / (gamma(Rational(1, 2) - s - a/2)*gamma(1 - 2*s + a)), s, x, (-re(a)/2, Rational(1, 4)))) == \ cos(sqrt(x))*besselj(a, sqrt(x)) # TODO this comes out as an amazing mess, but simplifies nicely assert simplify(IMT(gamma(a + s)*gamma(Rational(1, 2) - s) / (sqrt(pi)*gamma(1 - s)*gamma(1 + a - s)), s, x, (-re(a), Rational(1, 2)))) == \ besselj(a, sqrt(x))**2 assert simplify(IMT(gamma(s)*gamma(Rational(1, 2) - s) / (sqrt(pi)*gamma(1 - s - a)*gamma(1 + a - s)), s, x, (0, Rational(1, 2)))) == \ besselj(-a, sqrt(x))*besselj(a, sqrt(x)) assert simplify(IMT(4**s*gamma(-2*s + 1)*gamma(a/2 + b/2 + s) / (gamma(-a/2 + b/2 - s + 1)*gamma(a/2 - b/2 - s + 1) * gamma(a/2 + b/2 - s + 1)), s, x, (-(re(a) + re(b))/2, Rational(1, 2)))) == \ besselj(a, sqrt(x))*besselj(b, sqrt(x)) # Section 8.4.20 # TODO this can be further simplified! assert simplify(IMT(-2**(2*s)*cos(pi*a/2 - pi*b/2 + pi*s)*gamma(-2*s + 1) * gamma(a/2 - b/2 + s)*gamma(a/2 + b/2 + s) / (pi*gamma(a/2 - b/2 - s + 1)*gamma(a/2 + b/2 - s + 1)), s, x, (Max(-re(a)/2 - re(b)/2, -re(a)/2 + re(b)/2), Rational(1, 2)))) == \ besselj(a, sqrt(x))*-(besselj(-b, sqrt(x)) - besselj(b, sqrt(x))*cos(pi*b))/sin(pi*b) # TODO more # for coverage assert IMT(pi/cos(pi*s), s, x, (0, Rational(1, 2))) == sqrt(x)/(x + 1)