示例#1
0
def init_appli(robot):
    taskRH = MetaTaskKine6d('rh', robot.dynamic, 'rh',
                            robot.OperationalPointsMap['right-wrist'])
    handMgrip = eye(4)
    handMgrip[0:3, 3] = (0.1, 0, 0)
    taskRH.opmodif = matrixToTuple(handMgrip)
    taskRH.feature.frame('desired')
    # --- STATIC COM (if not walking)
    taskCom = MetaTaskKineCom(robot.dynamic)
    robot.dynamic.com.recompute(0)
    taskCom.featureDes.errorIN.value = robot.dynamic.com.value
    taskCom.task.controlGain.value = 10

    # --- CONTACTS
    contactLF = MetaTaskKine6d('contactLF', robot.dynamic, 'LF',
                               robot.OperationalPointsMap['left-ankle'])
    contactLF.feature.frame('desired')
    contactLF.gain.setConstant(10)
    contactLF.keep()
    locals()['contactLF'] = contactLF

    contactRF = MetaTaskKine6d('contactRF', robot.dynamic, 'RF',
                               robot.OperationalPointsMap['right-ankle'])
    contactRF.feature.frame('desired')
    contactRF.gain.setConstant(10)
    contactRF.keep()
    locals()['contactRF'] = contactRF

    from dynamic_graph import plug
    from dynamic_graph.sot.core.sot import SOT
    sot = SOT('sot')
    sot.setSize(robot.dynamic.getDimension())
    plug(sot.control, robot.device.control)

    from dynamic_graph.ros import RosPublish
    ros_publish_state = RosPublish("ros_publish_state")
    ros_publish_state.add("vector", "state", "/sot_control/state")
    from dynamic_graph import plug
    plug(robot.device.state, ros_publish_state.state)
    robot.device.after.addDownsampledSignal("ros_publish_state.trigger", 100)

    sot.push(contactRF.task.name)
    sot.push(contactLF.task.name)
    sot.push(taskCom.task.name)
    robot.device.control.recompute(0)
示例#2
0
class Supervisor(object):
    """
    Steps: P = placement, G = grasp, p = pre-P, g = pre-G
    0. P <-> GP
    1. P <-> gP
    2. gP <-> GP
    3. GP <-> G
    4. GP <-> Gp
    5. Gp <-> G
    """

    ##
    # \param lpTasks list of low priority tasks. If None, a Posture task will be used.
    # \param hpTasks list of high priority tasks (like balance)
    def __init__(self, sotrobot, lpTasks=None, hpTasks=None):
        self.sotrobot = sotrobot
        self.hpTasks = hpTasks if hpTasks is not None else _hpTasks(sotrobot)
        self.lpTasks = lpTasks if lpTasks is not None else _lpTasks(sotrobot)
        self.currentSot = None
        from dynamic_graph.sot.core.switch import SwitchVector
        self.sot_switch = SwitchVector("sot_supervisor_switch")
        plug(self.sot_switch.sout, self.sotrobot.device.control)

        from agimus_sot.events import Events
        self.done_events = Events("done", sotrobot)
        self.error_events = Events("error", sotrobot)
        self.done_events.setupNormOfControl(sotrobot.device.control, 1e-2)
        self.done_events.setupTime(
        )  # For signal self. done_events.timeEllapsedSignal
        self.error_events.setupTime(
        )  # For signal self.error_events.timeEllapsedSignal

    def makeInitialSot(self):
        # Create the initial sot (keep)
        from .solver import Solver
        sot = Solver('sot_keep', self.sotrobot.dynamic.getDimension())

        self.keep_posture = Posture("posture_keep", self.sotrobot)
        self.keep_posture._task.setWithDerivative(False)
        self.keep_posture._signalPositionRef(
        ).value = self.sotrobot.dynamic.position.value

        self.keep_posture.pushTo(sot)
        sot.doneSignal = self.done_events.controlNormSignal
        sot.errorSignal = False
        self.addSolver("", sot)

    ## Set the robot base pose in the world.
    # \param basePose a list: [x,y,z,r,p,y] or [x,y,z,qx,qy,qz,qw]
    # \return success True in case of success
    def setBasePose(self, basePose):
        if len(basePose) == 7:
            # Currently, this case never happens
            from dynamic_graph.sot.tools.quaternion import Quaternion
            from numpy.linalg import norm
            q = Quaternion(basePose[6], basePose[3], basePose[4], basePose[5])
            if abs(norm(q.array) - 1.) > 1e-2:
                return False, "Quaternion is not normalized"
            basePose = basePose[:3] + q.toRPY().tolist()
        if self.currentSot == "" or len(basePose) != 6:
            # We are using the SOT to keep the current posture.
            # The 6 first DoF are not used by the task so we can change them safely.
            self.sotrobot.device.set(
                tuple(basePose + list(self.sotrobot.device.state.value[6:])))
            self.keep_posture._signalPositionRef(
            ).value = self.sotrobot.device.state.value
            return True
        else:
            return False

    ## \name SoT managements
    ##  \{

    def addPreAction(self, name, preActionSolver):
        self.preActions[name] = preActionSolver
        self._addSignalToSotSwitch(preActionSolver)

    def addSolver(self, name, solver):
        self.sots[name] = solver
        self._addSignalToSotSwitch(solver)

    def duplicateSolver(self, existingSolver, newSolver):
        self.sots[newSolver] = self.sots[existingSolver]

    def addPostActions(self, name, postActionSolvers):
        self.postActions[name] = postActionSolvers
        for targetState, pa_sot in postActionSolvers.iteritems():
            self._addSignalToSotSwitch(pa_sot)

    ## This is for internal purpose
    def _addSignalToSotSwitch(self, solver):
        n = self.sot_switch.getSignalNumber()
        self.sot_switch.setSignalNumber(n + 1)
        self.sots_indexes[solver.name] = n
        plug(solver.control, self.sot_switch.signal("sin" + str(n)))

        def _plug(e, events, n, name):
            assert events.getSignalNumber() == n, "Wrong number of events."
            events.setSignalNumber(n + 1)
            events.setConditionString(n, name)
            if isinstance(e, (bool, int)):
                events.conditionSignal(n).value = int(e)
            else:
                plug(e, events.conditionSignal(n))

        _plug(solver.doneSignal, self.done_events, n, solver.name)
        _plug(solver.errorSignal, self.error_events, n, solver.name)

    def _selectSolver(self, solver):
        n = self.sots_indexes[solver.name]
        self.sot_switch.selection.value = n
        self.done_events.setSelectedSignal(n)
        self.error_events.setSelectedSignal(n)

    ## \}

    def topics(self):
        c = self.hpTasks + self.lpTasks
        for g in self.grasps.values():
            c += g
        for p in self.placements.values():
            c += p

        return c.topics

    def plugTopicsToRos(self):
        from dynamic_graph.ros.ros_queued_subscribe import RosQueuedSubscribe
        self.rosSubscribe = RosQueuedSubscribe('ros_queued_subscribe')
        from dynamic_graph.ros.ros_tf_listener import RosTfListener
        self.rosTf = RosTfListener('ros_tf_listener')
        topics = self.topics()

        for name, topic_info in topics.items():
            topic_handler = _handlers[topic_info.get("handler", "default")]
            topic_handler(name, topic_info, self.rosSubscribe, self.rosTf)

    def printQueueSize(self):
        exec("tmp = " + self.rosSubscribe.list())
        for l in tmp:
            print(l, self.rosSubscribe.queueSize(l))

    ## Check consistency between two SoTs.
    #
    # This is not used anymore because it must be synchronized with the real-time thread.
    # \todo Re-enable consistency check between two SoTs.
    def isSotConsistentWithCurrent(self, transitionName, thr=1e-3):
        if self.currentSot is None or transitionName == self.currentSot:
            return True
        csot = self.sots[self.currentSot]
        nsot = self.sots[transitionName]
        t = self.sotrobot.device.control.time
        # This is not safe since it would be run concurrently with the
        # real time thread.
        csot.control.recompute(t)
        nsot.control.recompute(t)
        from numpy import array, linalg
        error = array(nsot.control.value) - array(csot.control.value)
        n = linalg.norm(error)
        if n > thr:
            print("Control not consistent:", linalg.norm(error), '\n', error)
            return False
        return True

    def clearQueues(self):
        self.rosSubscribe.readQueue(-1)
        exec("tmp = " + self.rosSubscribe.list())
        for s in tmp:
            print('{} queue size: {}'.format(s,
                                             self.rosSubscribe.queueSize(s)))
            self.rosSubscribe.clearQueue(s)

    ## Wait for the queue to be of a given size.
    # \param minQueueSize (integer) waits to the queue size of rosSubscribe
    #                     to be greater or equal to \c minQueueSize
    # \param timeout time in seconds after which to return a failure.
    # \return True on success, False on timeout.
    def waitForQueue(self, minQueueSize, timeout):
        ts = self.sotrobot.device.getTimeStep()
        to = int(timeout / self.sotrobot.device.getTimeStep())
        from time import sleep
        start_it = self.sotrobot.device.control.time
        exec("queues = " + self.rosSubscribe.list())
        for queue in queues:
            while self.rosSubscribe.queueSize(queue) < minQueueSize:
                if self.sotrobot.device.control.time > start_it + to:
                    return False, "Queue {} has received {} points.".format(
                        queue, self.rosSubscribe.queueSize(queue))
                sleep(ts)
        return True, ""

    ## Start reading values received by the RosQueuedSubscribe entity.
    # \param delay (integer) how many periods to wait before reading.
    #              It allows to give some delay to network connection.
    # \param minQueueSize (integer) waits to the queue size of rosSubscribe
    #                     to be greater or equal to \p minQueueSize
    # \param duration expected duration (in seconds) of the queue.
    # \param timeout time in seconds after which to return a failure.
    # \return success, time boolean, SoT time at which reading starts (invalid if success is False)
    #
    # \warning If \p minQueueSize is greater than the number of values to
    #          be received by rosSubscribe, this function does an infinite loop.
    def readQueue(self, delay, minQueueSize, duration, timeout):
        from time import sleep
        print("Current solver {0}".format(self.currentSot))
        if delay < 0:
            print("Delay argument should be >= 0")
            return False, -1
        minSizeReached, msg = self.waitForQueue(minQueueSize, timeout)
        if not minSizeReached:
            return False, -1
        durationStep = int(duration / self.sotrobot.device.getTimeStep())
        t = self.sotrobot.device.control.time + delay
        self.rosSubscribe.readQueue(t)
        self.done_events.setFutureTime(t + durationStep)
        self.error_events.setFutureTime(t + durationStep)
        return True, t

    def stopReadingQueue(self):
        self.rosSubscribe.readQueue(-1)

    # \return success, time boolean, SoT time at which reading starts (invalid if success is False)
    def plugSot(self, transitionName, check=False):
        if check and not self.isSotConsistentWithCurrent(transitionName):
            # raise Exception ("Sot %d not consistent with sot %d" % (self.currentSot, id))
            print("Sot {0} not consistent with sot {1}".format(
                self.currentSot, transitionName))
        if transitionName == "":
            self.keep_posture._signalPositionRef(
            ).value = self.sotrobot.dynamic.position.value
        solver = self.sots[transitionName]

        # No done events should be triggered before call
        # to readQueue. We expect it to happen with 1e6 milli-seconds
        # from now...
        devicetime = self.sotrobot.device.control.time
        self.done_events.setFutureTime(devicetime + 100000)

        self._selectSolver(solver)
        print("{0}: Current solver {1}\n{2}".format(devicetime, transitionName,
                                                    solver.sot.display()))
        self.currentSot = transitionName
        if hasattr(self, 'ros_publish_state'):
            self.ros_publish_state.transition_name.value = transitionName
        return True, devicetime

    # \return success, time boolean, SoT time at which reading starts (invalid if success is False)
    def runPreAction(self, transitionName):
        if self.preActions.has_key(transitionName):
            solver = self.preActions[transitionName]

            t = self.sotrobot.device.control.time + 2
            self.done_events.setFutureTime(t)

            self._selectSolver(solver)
            print("{0}: Running pre action {1}\n{2}".format(
                t, transitionName, solver.sot.display()))
            return True, t - 2
        print("No pre action", transitionName)
        return False, -1

    ## Execute a post-action
    # \return success, time boolean, SoT time at which reading starts (invalid if success is False)
    def runPostAction(self, targetStateName):
        if self.postActions.has_key(self.currentSot):
            d = self.postActions[self.currentSot]
            if d.has_key(targetStateName):
                solver = d[targetStateName]

                devicetime = self.sotrobot.device.control.time
                self.done_events.setFutureTime(devicetime + 2)

                self._selectSolver(solver)

                print("{0}: Running post action {1} --> {2}\n{3}".format(
                    devicetime, self.currentSot, targetStateName,
                    solver.sot.display()))
                return True, devicetime
        print("No post action {0} --> {1}".format(self.currentSot,
                                                  targetStateName))
        return False, -1

    def getJointList(self, prefix=""):
        return [prefix + n for n in self.sotrobot.dynamic.model.names[1:]]

    def publishState(self, subsampling=40):
        if hasattr(self, "ros_publish_state"):
            return
        from dynamic_graph.ros import RosPublish
        self.ros_publish_state = RosPublish("ros_publish_state")
        self.ros_publish_state.add("vector", "state", "/agimus/sot/state")
        self.ros_publish_state.add("vector", "reference_state",
                                   "/agimus/sot/reference_state")
        self.ros_publish_state.add("string", "transition_name",
                                   "/agimus/sot/transition_name")
        self.ros_publish_state.transition_name.value = ""
        plug(self.sotrobot.device.state, self.ros_publish_state.state)
        plug(self.rosSubscribe.posture, self.ros_publish_state.reference_state)
        self.sotrobot.device.after.addDownsampledSignal(
            "ros_publish_state.trigger", subsampling)
示例#3
0
taskRH = MetaTaskKine6d('rh', robot.dynamic, 'rh',
                        robot.OperationalPointsMap['wrist'])
handMgrip = eye(4)
handMgrip[0:3, 3] = (0.1, 0, 0)
taskRH.opmodif = matrixToTuple(handMgrip)
taskRH.feature.frame('desired')

projection = HolonomicProjection("projection")
projection.setSize(robot.dynamic.getDimension())
projection.setLeftWheel(6)
projection.setRightWheel(7)
# The wheel separation could be obtained with pinocchio.
# See pmb2_description/urdf/base.urdf.xacro
projection.setWheelRadius(0.0985)
projection.setWheelSeparation(0.4044)
plug(robot.dynamic.mobilebase, projection.basePose)

sot = SOT('sot')
sot.setSize(robot.dynamic.getDimension())

plug(projection.projection, sot.proj0)

plug(sot.control, robot.device.control)

ros_publish_state = RosPublish("ros_publish_state")
ros_publish_state.add("vector", "state", "/sot_control/state")
plug(robot.device.state, ros_publish_state.state)
robot.device.after.addDownsampledSignal("ros_publish_state.trigger", 100)

robot.device.control.recompute(0)
示例#4
0
class Supervisor(object):
    """
    Steps: P = placement, G = grasp, p = pre-P, g = pre-G
    0. P <-> GP
    1. P <-> gP
    2. gP <-> GP
    3. GP <-> G
    4. GP <-> Gp
    5. Gp <-> G
    """
    def __init__(self, sotrobot, lpTasks=None, hpTasks=None):
        self.sotrobot = sotrobot
        self.hpTasks = hpTasks if hpTasks is not None else _hpTasks(sotrobot)
        self.lpTasks = lpTasks if lpTasks is not None else _lpTasks(sotrobot)
        self.currentSot = None

    def setupEvents(self):
        from dynamic_graph_hpp.sot import Event, CompareDouble
        from dynamic_graph.sot.core.operator import Norm_of_vector
        from dynamic_graph.ros import RosPublish
        self.norm = Norm_of_vector("control_norm")
        plug(self.sotrobot.device.control, self.norm.sin)

        self.norm_comparision = CompareDouble("control_norm_comparison")
        plug(self.norm.sout, self.norm_comparision.sin1)
        self.norm_comparision.sin2.value = 1e-2

        self.norm_event = Event("control_norm_event")
        plug(self.norm_comparision.sout, self.norm_event.condition)
        # self.sotrobot.device.after.addSignal (self.norm_event.check.name)
        self.sotrobot.device.after.addSignal("control_norm_event.check")

        self.ros_publish = RosPublish('ros_publish_control_norm')
        self.ros_publish.add('double', 'event_control_norm',
                             '/sot_hpp/control_norm_changed')
        plug(self.norm.sout, self.ros_publish.event_control_norm)
        # plug (self.norm_event.trigger, self.ros_publish.trigger)
        self.norm_event.addSignal("ros_publish_control_norm.trigger")

    def makeInitialSot(self):
        # Create the initial sot (keep)
        sot = SOT('sot_keep')
        sot.setSize(self.sotrobot.dynamic.getDimension())
        self.keep_posture = Posture("posture_keep", self.sotrobot)
        self.keep_posture.tp.setWithDerivative(False)

        # TODO : I do agree that this is a dirty hack.
        # The COM of the robot in the HPP frame is at those coordinates (approx.).
        # But the keep_posture task is « internally » (there is no actuator able to directly move the COM,
        # but the controller in the task is computing controls anyway, and integrating them)
        # moving the computed COM to its reference value which is (0, 0, 0).
        # So, when we send the goal coordinates of the feet from HPP to the SoT, there is an offset of 0,74m
        # between the goal and the current position of the feet. This was the cause of the strange feet
        # movements at the beginning of the demo.
        # Maybe we can get the COM position and orientation from HPP at the beginning of the trajectory
        # to initialize self.sotrobot.dynamic.position.value
        # self.keep_posture._signalPositionRef().value = tuple([-0.74, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0] + list(self.sotrobot.dynamic.position.value)[6:])

        # The above TODO must be fixed in users script by providing the
        # right initial pose using robot.device.set (configuration) before starting
        # dynamic graph.
        self.keep_posture._signalPositionRef(
        ).value = self.sotrobot.dynamic.position.value

        self.keep_posture.pushTo(sot)
        self.sots[""] = sot

    def topics(self):
        c = self.hpTasks + self.lpTasks
        for g in self.grasps.values():
            c += g

        return c.topics

    def plugTopics(self, rosexport):
        self.rosexport = rosexport
        topics = self.topics()

        for n, t in topics.items():
            if t.has_key('handler'):
                topic = _handlers[t['handler']](n, t)
            else:
                topic = t["topic"]
            rosexport.add(t["type"], n, topic)
            for s in t['signalGetters']:
                plug(rosexport.signal(n), s())
            print(topic, "plugged to", n, ', ', len(t['signalGetters']),
                  'times')

    def isSotConsistentWithCurrent(self, transitionName, thr=1e-3):
        if self.currentSot is None or transitionName == self.currentSot:
            return True
        csot = self.sots[self.currentSot]
        nsot = self.sots[transitionName]
        t = self.sotrobot.device.control.time
        # This is not safe since it would be run concurrently with the
        # real time thread.
        csot.control.recompute(t)
        nsot.control.recompute(t)
        from numpy import array, linalg
        error = array(nsot.control.value) - array(csot.control.value)
        n = linalg.norm(error)
        if n > thr:
            print("Control not consistent:", linalg.norm(error), '\n', error)
            return False
        return True

    def clearQueues(self):
        exec("tmp = " + self.rosexport.list())
        for s in tmp:
            self.rosexport.clearQueue(s)

    def readQueue(self, read):
        if read < 0:
            print("ReadQueue argument should be >= 0")
            return
        t = self.sotrobot.device.control.time
        self.rosexport.readQueue(t + read)

    def stopReadingQueue(self):
        self.rosexport.readQueue(-1)

    def plugSot(self, transitionName, check=False):
        if check and not self.isSotConsistentWithCurrent(transitionName):
            # raise Exception ("Sot %d not consistent with sot %d" % (self.currentSot, id))
            print("Sot {0} not consistent with sot {1}".format(
                self.currentSot, transitionName))
        if transitionName == "":
            # TODO : Explanation and linked TODO in the function makeInitialSot
            self.keep_posture._signalPositionRef(
            ).value = self.sotrobot.dynamic.position.value
        sot = self.sots[transitionName]
        control = self._getControlSignal(sot)
        # Start reading queues
        self.readQueue(10)
        plug(control, self.sotrobot.device.control)
        print("Current sot:", transitionName, "\n", sot.display())
        self.currentSot = transitionName

    def runPreAction(self, transitionName):
        if self.preActions.has_key(transitionName):
            sot = self.preActions[transitionName]
            print("Running pre action", transitionName, "\n", sot.display())
            t = self.sotrobot.device.control.time
            # This is not safe since it would be run concurrently with the
            # real time thread.
            # sot.control.recompute(t-1)
            plug(sot.control, self.sotrobot.device.control)
            return
        print("No pre action", transitionName)

    def runPostAction(self, targetStateName):
        if self.postActions.has_key(self.currentSot):
            d = self.postActions[self.currentSot]
            if d.has_key(targetStateName):
                sot = d[targetStateName]
                print("Running post action", self.currentSot, targetStateName,
                      "\n", sot.display())
                t = self.sotrobot.device.control.time
                # This is not safe since it would be run concurrently with the
                # real time thread.
                # sot.control.recompute(t-1)
                plug(sot.control, self.sotrobot.device.control)
                return
        print("No post action", self.currentSot, targetStateName)

    def getJointList(self, prefix=""):
        return [prefix + n for n in self.sotrobot.dynamic.model.names[1:]]

    def _getControlSignal(self, sot):
        if self.SoTtimers.has_key(sot.name):
            return self.SoTtimers[sot.name].sout
        else:
            return sot.control

    def publishState(self, subsampling=100):
        if hasattr(self, "ros_publish_state"):
            return
        from dynamic_graph.ros import RosPublish
        self.ros_publish_state = RosPublish("ros_publish_state")
        self.ros_publish_state.add("vector", "state", "/sot_hpp/state")
        plug(self.sotrobot.device.state, self.ros_publish_state.state)
        self.sotrobot.device.after.addDownsampledSignal(
            "ros_publish_state.trigger", 100)
示例#5
0
class Events:
    def __init__(self, name, robot):
        self.name = name

        # Setup entity that triggers the event.
        self.switch = SwitchBoolean(name + "_switch")
        self.event = Event(name + "_event")
        plug(self.switch.sout, self.event.condition)
        robot.device.after.addSignal(name + "_event.check")

        self.ros_publish = RosPublish(name + '_ros_publish')
        # self.ros_publish.add ('boolean', name, '/agimus/sot/event/' + name)
        # self.ros_publish.signal(name).value = int(True)
        self.ros_publish.add('int', name, '/agimus/sot/event/' + name)

        self.event.addSignal(name + "_ros_publish.trigger")
        self.switch_string = {}

    def getSignalNumber(self):
        return self.switch.getSignalNumber()

    def setSignalNumber(self, n):
        self.switch.setSignalNumber(n)

    def setSelectedSignal(self, n):
        self.switch.selection.value = n
        #self.idSignal.value = n

    ## Creates entities to check whether the norm is
    ## superior to the threshold \c thr
    ##
    ## Use controlNormSignal to get the created signal.
    def setupNormOfControl(self, control, thr):
        self.norm, self.norm_comparision = norm_inferior_to(
            self.name + "_control", control, thr)

    ## Creates entities to check whether the norm is
    ## superior to the threshold \c thr
    ##
    ## Use timeSignal to get the created signal.
    def setupTime(self):
        self.time = Time(self.name + "_time")
        plug(self.time.now, self.ros_publish.signal(self.name))

    def setFutureTime(self, time):
        self.time.setTime(time)

    def conditionSignal(self, i):
        return self.switch.signal("sin" + str(i))

    def setConditionString(self, i, name):
        self.switch_string[i] = name

    def getConditionString(self, i):
        return self.switch_string.get(i, None)

    @property
    def controlNormSignal(self):
        return self.norm_comparision.sout

    @property
    def timeEllapsedSignal(self):
        return self.time.after

    @property
    def remainsTimeSignal(self):
        return self.time.before

    @property
    def idSignal(self):
        return self.ros_publish.signal(self.name)
示例#6
0
# flake8: noqa
from dynamic_graph import plug
from dynamic_graph.ros import RosPublish

ros_publish_state = RosPublish("ros_publish_state")
ros_publish_state.add("vector", "state", "/sot_hpp/state")
plug(robot.device.state, ros_publish_state.state)
robot.device.after.addDownsampledSignal("ros_publish_state.trigger", 100)

v = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.00, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
robot.device.control.value = v