class eLCS: def __init__(self): """ Initializes the eLCS algorithm """ print("eLCS: Initializing Algorithm...") #Global Parameters------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population = None # The rule population (the 'solution/model' evolved by eLCS) self.learnTrackOut = None # Output file that will store tracking information during learning #------------------------------------------------------- # POPULATION REBOOT - Begin eLCS learning from an existing saved rule population #------------------------------------------------------- if cons.doPopulationReboot: self.populationReboot() #------------------------------------------------------- # NORMAL eLCS - Run eLCS from scratch on given data #------------------------------------------------------- else: try: self.learnTrackOut = open(cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt','w') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt') raise else: self.learnTrackOut.write("Explore_Iteration\tMacroPopSize\tMicroPopSize\tAccuracy_Estimate\tAveGenerality\tExpRules\tTime(min)\n") # Instantiate Population--------- self.population = ClassifierSet() self.exploreIter = 0 self.correct = [0.0 for i in range(cons.trackingFrequency)] #Run the eLCS algorithm------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.results = self.run_eLCS() def run_eLCS(self): """ Runs the initialized eLCS algorithm. """ #-------------------------------------------------------------- print("Learning Checkpoints: " +str(cons.learningCheckpoints)) print("Maximum Iterations: " +str(cons.maxLearningIterations)) print("Beginning eLCS learning iterations.") print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") #------------------------------------------------------- # MAJOR LEARNING LOOP #------------------------------------------------------- trainResultList = [] testResultList = [] while self.exploreIter < cons.maxLearningIterations: #------------------------------------------------------- # GET NEW INSTANCE AND RUN A LEARNING ITERATION #------------------------------------------------------- state_phenotype = cons.env.getTrainInstance() self.runIteration(state_phenotype, self.exploreIter) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # EVALUATIONS OF ALGORITHM #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cons.timer.startTimeEvaluation() #------------------------------------------------------- # TRACK LEARNING ESTIMATES #------------------------------------------------------- if (self.exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency) == (cons.trackingFrequency - 1) and self.exploreIter > 0: self.population.runPopAveEval(self.exploreIter) trackedAccuracy = sum(self.correct)/float(cons.trackingFrequency) #Accuracy over the last "trackingFrequency" number of iterations. self.learnTrackOut.write(self.population.getPopTrack(trackedAccuracy, self.exploreIter+1,cons.trackingFrequency)) #Report learning progress to standard out and tracking file. cons.timer.stopTimeEvaluation() #------------------------------------------------------- # CHECKPOINT - COMPLETE EVALUTATION OF POPULATION - strategy different for discrete vs continuous phenotypes #------------------------------------------------------- if (self.exploreIter + 1) in cons.learningCheckpoints: cons.timer.startTimeEvaluation() print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") print("Running Population Evaluation after " + str(self.exploreIter + 1)+ " iterations.") self.population.runPopAveEval(self.exploreIter) self.population.runAttGeneralitySum(True) cons.env.startEvaluationMode() #Preserves learning position in training data if cons.testFile != 'None': #If a testing file is available. if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: trainEval = self.doPopEvaluation(True) testEval = self.doPopEvaluation(False) trainResultList.append(trainEval) testResultList.append(testEval) else: trainEval = self.doContPopEvaluation(True) testEval = self.doContPopEvaluation(False) trainResultList.append(trainEval) testResultList.append(testEval) else: #Only a training file is available if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: trainEval = self.doPopEvaluation(True) testEval = None trainResultList.append(trainEval) else: trainEval = self.doContPopEvaluation(True) testEval = None trainResultList.append(trainEval) cons.env.stopEvaluationMode() #Returns to learning position in training data cons.timer.stopTimeEvaluation() cons.timer.returnGlobalTimer() #Write output files---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OutputFileManager().writePopStats(cons.outFileName, trainEval, testEval, self.exploreIter + 1, self.population, self.correct) OutputFileManager().writePop(cons.outFileName, self.exploreIter + 1, self.population) #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- print("Continue Learning...") print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") #------------------------------------------------------- # ADJUST MAJOR VALUES FOR NEXT ITERATION #------------------------------------------------------- self.exploreIter += 1 # Increment current learning iteration cons.env.newInstance(True) # Step to next instance in training set # Once eLCS has reached the last learning iteration, close the tracking file self.learnTrackOut.close() print("eLCS Run Complete") return trainResultList, testResultList def runIteration(self, state_phenotype, exploreIter): """ Run a single eLCS learning iteration. """ #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FORM A MATCH SET - includes covering #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeMatchSet(state_phenotype, exploreIter) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # MAKE A PREDICTION - utilized here for tracking estimated learning progress. Typically used in the explore phase of many LCS algorithms. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cons.timer.startTimeEvaluation() prediction = Prediction(self.population) phenotypePrediction = prediction.getDecision() #------------------------------------------------------- # PREDICTION NOT POSSIBLE #------------------------------------------------------- if phenotypePrediction == None or phenotypePrediction == 'Tie': if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: phenotypePrediction = random.choice(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList) else: phenotypePrediction = random.randrange(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0],cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1],(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1]-cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0])/float(1000)) else: #Prediction Successful #------------------------------------------------------- # DISCRETE PHENOTYPE PREDICTION #------------------------------------------------------- if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: if phenotypePrediction == state_phenotype[1]: self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = 1 else: self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = 0 #------------------------------------------------------- # CONTINUOUS PHENOTYPE PREDICTION #------------------------------------------------------- else: predictionError = math.fabs(phenotypePrediction - float(state_phenotype[1])) phenotypeRange = cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1] - cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0] accuracyEstimate = 1.0 - (predictionError / float(phenotypeRange)) self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = accuracyEstimate cons.timer.stopTimeEvaluation() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FORM A CORRECT SET #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeCorrectSet(state_phenotype[1]) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # UPDATE PARAMETERS #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.updateSets(exploreIter) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # SUBSUMPTION - APPLIED TO CORRECT SET - A heuristic for addition additional generalization pressure to eLCS #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if cons.doSubsumption: cons.timer.startTimeSubsumption() self.population.doCorrectSetSubsumption() cons.timer.stopTimeSubsumption() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RUN THE GENETIC ALGORITHM - Discover new offspring rules from a selected pair of parents #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.runGA(exploreIter, state_phenotype[0], state_phenotype[1]) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # SELECT RULES FOR DELETION - This is done whenever there are more rules in the population than 'N', the maximum population size. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.deletion(exploreIter) self.population.clearSets() #Clears the match and correct sets for the next learning iteration def doPopEvaluation(self, isTrain): """ Performs a complete evaluation of the current rule population. The population is unchanged throughout this evaluation. Works on both training and testing data. """ if isTrain: myType = "TRAINING" else: myType = "TESTING" noMatch = 0 # How often does the population fail to have a classifier that matches an instance in the data. tie = 0 # How often can the algorithm not make a decision between classes due to a tie. cons.env.resetDataRef(isTrain) # Go to the first instance in dataset phenotypeList = cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList #---------------------------------------------- classAccDict = {} for each in phenotypeList: classAccDict[each] = ClassAccuracy() #---------------------------------------------- if isTrain: instances = len(cons.env.formatData.trainFormatted) else: instances = len(cons.env.formatData.testFormatted) #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for inst in range(instances): if isTrain: state_phenotype = cons.env.getTrainInstance() else: state_phenotype = cons.env.getTestInstance() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeEvalMatchSet(state_phenotype[0]) prediction = Prediction(self.population) phenotypeSelection = prediction.getDecision() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- if phenotypeSelection == None: noMatch += 1 elif phenotypeSelection == 'Tie': tie += 1 else: #Instances which failed to be covered are excluded from the accuracy calculation for each in phenotypeList: thisIsMe = False accuratePhenotype = False truePhenotype = state_phenotype[1] if each == truePhenotype: thisIsMe = True if phenotypeSelection == truePhenotype: accuratePhenotype = True classAccDict[each].updateAccuracy(thisIsMe, accuratePhenotype) cons.env.newInstance(isTrain) #next instance self.population.clearSets() #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Calculate Standard Accuracy-------------------------------------------- instancesCorrectlyClassified = classAccDict[phenotypeList[0]].T_myClass + classAccDict[phenotypeList[0]].T_otherClass instancesIncorrectlyClassified = classAccDict[phenotypeList[0]].F_myClass + classAccDict[phenotypeList[0]].F_otherClass standardAccuracy = float(instancesCorrectlyClassified) / float(instancesCorrectlyClassified + instancesIncorrectlyClassified) #Calculate Balanced Accuracy--------------------------------------------- T_mySum = 0 T_otherSum = 0 F_mySum = 0 F_otherSum = 0 for each in phenotypeList: T_mySum += classAccDict[each].T_myClass T_otherSum += classAccDict[each].T_otherClass F_mySum += classAccDict[each].F_myClass F_otherSum += classAccDict[each].F_otherClass balancedAccuracy = ((0.5*T_mySum / (float(T_mySum + F_otherSum)) + 0.5*T_otherSum / (float(T_otherSum + F_mySum)))) # BalancedAccuracy = (Specificity + Sensitivity)/2 #Adjustment for uncovered instances - to avoid positive or negative bias we incorporate the probability of guessing a phenotype by chance (e.g. 50% if two phenotypes) predictionFail = float(noMatch)/float(instances) predictionTies = float(tie)/float(instances) instanceCoverage = 1.0 - predictionFail predictionMade = 1.0 - (predictionFail + predictionTies) adjustedStandardAccuracy = (standardAccuracy * predictionMade) + ((1.0 - predictionMade) * (1.0 / float(len(phenotypeList)))) adjustedBalancedAccuracy = (balancedAccuracy * predictionMade) + ((1.0 - predictionMade) * (1.0 / float(len(phenotypeList)))) #Adjusted Balanced Accuracy is calculated such that instances that did not match have a consistent probability of being correctly classified in the reported accuracy. print("-----------------------------------------------") print(str(myType)+" Accuracy Results:-------------") print("Instance Coverage = "+ str(instanceCoverage*100.0)+ '%') print("Prediction Ties = "+ str(predictionTies*100.0)+ '%') print(str(instancesCorrectlyClassified) + ' out of ' + str(instances) + ' instances covered and correctly classified.') print("Standard Accuracy (Adjusted) = " + str(adjustedStandardAccuracy)) print("Balanced Accuracy (Adjusted) = " + str(adjustedBalancedAccuracy)) #Balanced and Standard Accuracies will only be the same when there are equal instances representative of each phenotype AND there is 100% covering. #resultList = [adjustedBalancedAccuracy, instanceCoverage, len(self.population.popSet)] resultList = [adjustedStandardAccuracy, instanceCoverage, len(self.population.popSet)] return resultList def doContPopEvaluation(self, isTrain): """ Performs evaluation of population via the copied environment. Specifically developed for continuous phenotype evaulation. The population is maintained unchanging throughout the evaluation. Works on both training and testing data. """ if isTrain: myType = "TRAINING" else: myType = "TESTING" noMatch = 0 #How often does the population fail to have a classifier that matches an instance in the data. cons.env.resetDataRef(isTrain) #Go to first instance in data set accuracyEstimateSum = 0 if isTrain: instances = cons.env.formatData.numTrainInstances else: instances = cons.env.formatData.numTestInstances #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for inst in range(instances): if isTrain: state_phenotype = cons.env.getTrainInstance() else: state_phenotype = cons.env.getTestInstance() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeEvalMatchSet(state_phenotype[0]) prediction = Prediction(self.population) phenotypePrediction = prediction.getDecision() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- if phenotypePrediction == None: noMatch += 1 else: #Instances which failed to be covered are excluded from the initial accuracy calculation predictionError = math.fabs(float(phenotypePrediction) - float(state_phenotype[1])) phenotypeRange = cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1] - cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0] accuracyEstimateSum += 1.0 - (predictionError / float(phenotypeRange)) cons.env.newInstance(isTrain) #next instance self.population.clearSets() #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Accuracy Estimate if instances == noMatch: accuracyEstimate = 0 else: accuracyEstimate = accuracyEstimateSum / float(instances - noMatch) #Adjustment for uncovered instances - to avoid positive or negative bias we incorporate the probability of guessing a phenotype by chance (e.g. 50% if two phenotypes) instanceCoverage = 1.0 - (float(noMatch)/float(instances)) adjustedAccuracyEstimate = accuracyEstimateSum / float(instances) #noMatchs are treated as incorrect predictions (can see no other fair way to do this) print("-----------------------------------------------") print(str(myType)+" Accuracy Results:-------------") print("Instance Coverage = "+ str(instanceCoverage*100.0)+ '%') print("Estimated Prediction Accuracy (Ignore uncovered) = " + str(accuracyEstimate)) print("Estimated Prediction Accuracy (Penalty uncovered) = " + str(adjustedAccuracyEstimate)) #Balanced and Standard Accuracies will only be the same when there are equal instances representative of each phenotype AND there is 100% covering. resultList = [adjustedAccuracyEstimate, instanceCoverage] return resultList def populationReboot(self): """ Manages the reformation of a previously saved eLCS classifier population. """ cons.timer.setTimerRestart(cons.popRebootPath) #Rebuild timer objects #-------------------------------------------------------------------- try: #Re-open track learning file for continued tracking of progress. self.learnTrackOut = open(cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt','a') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt') raise #Extract last iteration from file name--------------------------------------------- temp = cons.popRebootPath.split('_') iterRef = len(temp)-1 completedIterations = int(temp[iterRef]) print("Rebooting rule population after " +str(completedIterations)+ " iterations.") self.exploreIter = completedIterations-1 for i in range(len(cons.learningCheckpoints)): cons.learningCheckpoints[i] += completedIterations cons.maxLearningIterations += completedIterations #Rebuild existing population from text file.-------- self.population = ClassifierSet(cons.popRebootPath) #--------------------------------------------------- try: #Obtain correct track f = open(cons.popRebootPath+"_PopStats.txt", 'r') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.popRebootPath+"_PopStats.txt") raise else: correctRef = 26 #File reference position tempLine = None for i in range(correctRef): tempLine = f.readline() tempList = tempLine.strip().split('\t') self.correct = tempList if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: for i in range(len(self.correct)): self.correct[i] = int(self.correct[i]) else: for i in range(len(self.correct)): self.correct[i] = float(self.correct[i]) f.close()
class eLCS: def __init__(self): """ Initializes the eLCS algorithm """ print("eLCS: Initializing Algorithm...") #Global Parameters------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population = None # The rule population (the 'solution/model' evolved by eLCS) self.learnTrackOut = None # Output file that will store tracking information during learning #------------------------------------------------------- # POPULATION REBOOT - Begin eLCS learning from an existing saved rule population #------------------------------------------------------- if cons.doPopulationReboot: self.populationReboot() #------------------------------------------------------- # NORMAL eLCS - Run eLCS from scratch on given data #------------------------------------------------------- else: try: self.learnTrackOut = open(cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt','w') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt') raise else: self.learnTrackOut.write("Explore_Iteration\tMacroPopSize\tMicroPopSize\tAccuracy_Estimate\tAveGenerality\tExpRules\tTime(min)\n") # Instantiate Population--------- self.population = ClassifierSet() self.exploreIter = 0 self.correct = [0.0 for i in range(cons.trackingFrequency)] #Run the eLCS algorithm------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.run_eLCS() def run_eLCS(self): """ Runs the initialized eLCS algorithm. """ #-------------------------------------------------------------- print("Learning Checkpoints: " +str(cons.learningCheckpoints)) print("Maximum Iterations: " +str(cons.maxLearningIterations)) print("Beginning eLCS learning iterations.") print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") #------------------------------------------------------- # MAJOR LEARNING LOOP #------------------------------------------------------- while self.exploreIter < cons.maxLearningIterations: #------------------------------------------------------- # GET NEW INSTANCE AND RUN A LEARNING ITERATION #------------------------------------------------------- state_phenotype = cons.env.getTrainInstance() self.runIteration(state_phenotype, self.exploreIter) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # EVALUATIONS OF ALGORITHM #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cons.timer.startTimeEvaluation() #------------------------------------------------------- # TRACK LEARNING ESTIMATES #------------------------------------------------------- if (self.exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency) == (cons.trackingFrequency - 1) and self.exploreIter > 0: self.population.runPopAveEval(self.exploreIter) trackedAccuracy = sum(self.correct)/float(cons.trackingFrequency) #Accuracy over the last "trackingFrequency" number of iterations. self.learnTrackOut.write(self.population.getPopTrack(trackedAccuracy, self.exploreIter+1,cons.trackingFrequency)) #Report learning progress to standard out and tracking file. cons.timer.stopTimeEvaluation() #------------------------------------------------------- # CHECKPOINT - COMPLETE EVALUTATION OF POPULATION - strategy different for discrete vs continuous phenotypes #------------------------------------------------------- if (self.exploreIter + 1) in cons.learningCheckpoints: cons.timer.startTimeEvaluation() print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") print("Running Population Evaluation after " + str(self.exploreIter + 1)+ " iterations.") self.population.runPopAveEval(self.exploreIter) self.population.runAttGeneralitySum(True) cons.env.startEvaluationMode() #Preserves learning position in training data if cons.testFile != 'None': #If a testing file is available. if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: trainEval = self.doPopEvaluation(True) testEval = self.doPopEvaluation(False) else: trainEval = self.doContPopEvaluation(True) testEval = self.doContPopEvaluation(False) else: #Only a training file is available if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: trainEval = self.doPopEvaluation(True) testEval = None else: trainEval = self.doContPopEvaluation(True) testEval = None cons.env.stopEvaluationMode() #Returns to learning position in training data cons.timer.stopTimeEvaluation() cons.timer.returnGlobalTimer() #Write output files---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OutputFileManager().writePopStats(cons.outFileName, trainEval, testEval, self.exploreIter + 1, self.population, self.correct) OutputFileManager().writePop(cons.outFileName, self.exploreIter + 1, self.population) #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- print("Continue Learning...") print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") #------------------------------------------------------- # ADJUST MAJOR VALUES FOR NEXT ITERATION #------------------------------------------------------- self.exploreIter += 1 # Increment current learning iteration cons.env.newInstance(True) # Step to next instance in training set # Once eLCS has reached the last learning iteration, close the tracking file self.learnTrackOut.close() print("eLCS Run Complete") def runIteration(self, state_phenotype, exploreIter): """ Run a single eLCS learning iteration. """ #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FORM A MATCH SET - includes covering #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeMatchSet(state_phenotype, exploreIter) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # MAKE A PREDICTION - utilized here for tracking estimated learning progress. Typically used in the explore phase of many LCS algorithms. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cons.timer.startTimeEvaluation() prediction = Prediction(self.population) phenotypePrediction = prediction.getDecision() #------------------------------------------------------- # PREDICTION NOT POSSIBLE #------------------------------------------------------- if phenotypePrediction == None or phenotypePrediction == 'Tie': if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: phenotypePrediction = random.choice(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList) else: phenotypePrediction = random.randrange(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0],cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1],(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1]-cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0])/float(1000)) else: #Prediction Successful #------------------------------------------------------- # DISCRETE PHENOTYPE PREDICTION #------------------------------------------------------- if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: if phenotypePrediction == state_phenotype[1]: self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = 1 else: self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = 0 #------------------------------------------------------- # CONTINUOUS PHENOTYPE PREDICTION #------------------------------------------------------- else: predictionError = math.fabs(phenotypePrediction - float(state_phenotype[1])) phenotypeRange = cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1] - cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0] accuracyEstimate = 1.0 - (predictionError / float(phenotypeRange)) self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = accuracyEstimate cons.timer.stopTimeEvaluation() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FORM A CORRECT SET #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeCorrectSet(state_phenotype[1]) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # UPDATE PARAMETERS #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.updateSets(exploreIter) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # SUBSUMPTION - APPLIED TO CORRECT SET - A heuristic for addition additional generalization pressure to eLCS #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if cons.doSubsumption: cons.timer.startTimeSubsumption() self.population.doCorrectSetSubsumption() cons.timer.stopTimeSubsumption() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RUN THE GENETIC ALGORITHM - Discover new offspring rules from a selected pair of parents #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.runGA(exploreIter, state_phenotype[0], state_phenotype[1]) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # SELECT RULES FOR DELETION - This is done whenever there are more rules in the population than 'N', the maximum population size. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.deletion(exploreIter) self.population.clearSets() #Clears the match and correct sets for the next learning iteration def doPopEvaluation(self, isTrain): """ Performs a complete evaluation of the current rule population. The population is unchanged throughout this evaluation. Works on both training and testing data. """ if isTrain: myType = "TRAINING" else: myType = "TESTING" noMatch = 0 # How often does the population fail to have a classifier that matches an instance in the data. tie = 0 # How often can the algorithm not make a decision between classes due to a tie. cons.env.resetDataRef(isTrain) # Go to the first instance in dataset phenotypeList = cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList #---------------------------------------------- classAccDict = {} for each in phenotypeList: classAccDict[each] = ClassAccuracy() #---------------------------------------------- if isTrain: instances = cons.env.formatData.numTrainInstances else: instances = cons.env.formatData.numTestInstances #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for inst in range(instances): if isTrain: state_phenotype = cons.env.getTrainInstance() else: state_phenotype = cons.env.getTestInstance() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeEvalMatchSet(state_phenotype[0]) prediction = Prediction(self.population) phenotypeSelection = prediction.getDecision() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- if phenotypeSelection == None: noMatch += 1 elif phenotypeSelection == 'Tie': tie += 1 else: #Instances which failed to be covered are excluded from the accuracy calculation for each in phenotypeList: thisIsMe = False accuratePhenotype = False truePhenotype = state_phenotype[1] if each == truePhenotype: thisIsMe = True if phenotypeSelection == truePhenotype: accuratePhenotype = True classAccDict[each].updateAccuracy(thisIsMe, accuratePhenotype) cons.env.newInstance(isTrain) #next instance self.population.clearSets() #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Calculate Standard Accuracy-------------------------------------------- instancesCorrectlyClassified = classAccDict[phenotypeList[0]].T_myClass + classAccDict[phenotypeList[0]].T_otherClass instancesIncorrectlyClassified = classAccDict[phenotypeList[0]].F_myClass + classAccDict[phenotypeList[0]].F_otherClass standardAccuracy = float(instancesCorrectlyClassified) / float(instancesCorrectlyClassified + instancesIncorrectlyClassified) #Calculate Balanced Accuracy--------------------------------------------- T_mySum = 0 T_otherSum = 0 F_mySum = 0 F_otherSum = 0 for each in phenotypeList: T_mySum += classAccDict[each].T_myClass T_otherSum += classAccDict[each].T_otherClass F_mySum += classAccDict[each].F_myClass F_otherSum += classAccDict[each].F_otherClass balancedAccuracy = ((0.5*T_mySum / (float(T_mySum + F_otherSum)) + 0.5*T_otherSum / (float(T_otherSum + F_mySum)))) # BalancedAccuracy = (Specificity + Sensitivity)/2 #Adjustment for uncovered instances - to avoid positive or negative bias we incorporate the probability of guessing a phenotype by chance (e.g. 50% if two phenotypes) predictionFail = float(noMatch)/float(instances) predictionTies = float(tie)/float(instances) instanceCoverage = 1.0 - predictionFail predictionMade = 1.0 - (predictionFail + predictionTies) adjustedStandardAccuracy = (standardAccuracy * predictionMade) + ((1.0 - predictionMade) * (1.0 / float(len(phenotypeList)))) adjustedBalancedAccuracy = (balancedAccuracy * predictionMade) + ((1.0 - predictionMade) * (1.0 / float(len(phenotypeList)))) #Adjusted Balanced Accuracy is calculated such that instances that did not match have a consistent probability of being correctly classified in the reported accuracy. print("-----------------------------------------------") print(str(myType)+" Accuracy Results:-------------") print("Instance Coverage = "+ str(instanceCoverage*100.0)+ '%') print("Prediction Ties = "+ str(predictionTies*100.0)+ '%') print(str(instancesCorrectlyClassified) + ' out of ' + str(instances) + ' instances covered and correctly classified.') print("Standard Accuracy (Adjusted) = " + str(adjustedStandardAccuracy)) print("Balanced Accuracy (Adjusted) = " + str(adjustedBalancedAccuracy)) #Balanced and Standard Accuracies will only be the same when there are equal instances representative of each phenotype AND there is 100% covering. resultList = [adjustedBalancedAccuracy, instanceCoverage] return resultList def doContPopEvaluation(self, isTrain): """ Performs evaluation of population via the copied environment. Specifically developed for continuous phenotype evaulation. The population is maintained unchanging throughout the evaluation. Works on both training and testing data. """ if isTrain: myType = "TRAINING" else: myType = "TESTING" noMatch = 0 #How often does the population fail to have a classifier that matches an instance in the data. cons.env.resetDataRef(isTrain) #Go to first instance in data set accuracyEstimateSum = 0 if isTrain: instances = cons.env.formatData.numTrainInstances else: instances = cons.env.formatData.numTestInstances #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for inst in range(instances): if isTrain: state_phenotype = cons.env.getTrainInstance() else: state_phenotype = cons.env.getTestInstance() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeEvalMatchSet(state_phenotype[0]) prediction = Prediction(self.population) phenotypePrediction = prediction.getDecision() #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- if phenotypePrediction == None: noMatch += 1 else: #Instances which failed to be covered are excluded from the initial accuracy calculation predictionError = math.fabs(float(phenotypePrediction) - float(state_phenotype[1])) phenotypeRange = cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1] - cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0] accuracyEstimateSum += 1.0 - (predictionError / float(phenotypeRange)) cons.env.newInstance(isTrain) #next instance self.population.clearSets() #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Accuracy Estimate if instances == noMatch: accuracyEstimate = 0 else: accuracyEstimate = accuracyEstimateSum / float(instances - noMatch) #Adjustment for uncovered instances - to avoid positive or negative bias we incorporate the probability of guessing a phenotype by chance (e.g. 50% if two phenotypes) instanceCoverage = 1.0 - (float(noMatch)/float(instances)) adjustedAccuracyEstimate = accuracyEstimateSum / float(instances) #noMatchs are treated as incorrect predictions (can see no other fair way to do this) print("-----------------------------------------------") print(str(myType)+" Accuracy Results:-------------") print("Instance Coverage = "+ str(instanceCoverage*100.0)+ '%') print("Estimated Prediction Accuracy (Ignore uncovered) = " + str(accuracyEstimate)) print("Estimated Prediction Accuracy (Penalty uncovered) = " + str(adjustedAccuracyEstimate)) #Balanced and Standard Accuracies will only be the same when there are equal instances representative of each phenotype AND there is 100% covering. resultList = [adjustedAccuracyEstimate, instanceCoverage] return resultList def populationReboot(self): """ Manages the reformation of a previously saved eLCS classifier population. """ cons.timer.setTimerRestart(cons.popRebootPath) #Rebuild timer objects #-------------------------------------------------------------------- try: #Re-open track learning file for continued tracking of progress. self.learnTrackOut = open(cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt','a') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt') raise #Extract last iteration from file name--------------------------------------------- temp = cons.popRebootPath.split('_') iterRef = len(temp)-1 completedIterations = int(temp[iterRef]) print("Rebooting rule population after " +str(completedIterations)+ " iterations.") self.exploreIter = completedIterations-1 for i in range(len(cons.learningCheckpoints)): cons.learningCheckpoints[i] += completedIterations cons.maxLearningIterations += completedIterations #Rebuild existing population from text file.-------- self.population = ClassifierSet(cons.popRebootPath) #--------------------------------------------------- try: #Obtain correct track f = open(cons.popRebootPath+"_PopStats.txt", 'r') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.popRebootPath+"_PopStats.txt") raise else: correctRef = 26 #File reference position tempLine = None for i in range(correctRef): tempLine = f.readline() tempList = tempLine.strip().split('\t') self.correct = tempList if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: for i in range(len(self.correct)): self.correct[i] = int(self.correct[i]) else: for i in range(len(self.correct)): self.correct[i] = float(self.correct[i]) f.close()
class eLCS: def __init__(self): """ Initializes the eLCS algorithm """ print("eLCS: Initializing Algorithm...") #Global Parameters------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population = None # The rule population (the 'solution/model' evolved by eLCS) self.learnTrackOut = None # Output file that will store tracking information during learning #------------------------------------------------------- # POPULATION REBOOT - Begin eLCS learning from an existing saved rule population #------------------------------------------------------- if cons.doPopulationReboot: self.populationReboot() #------------------------------------------------------- # NORMAL eLCS - Run eLCS from scratch on given data #------------------------------------------------------- else: try: self.learnTrackOut = open(cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt','w') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt') raise else: self.learnTrackOut.write("Explore_Iteration\tMacroPopSize\tMicroPopSize\tAccuracy_Estimate\tAveGenerality\tExpRules\tTime(min)\n") # Instantiate Population--------- self.population = ClassifierSet() self.exploreIter = 0 self.correct = [0.0 for i in range(cons.trackingFrequency)] #Run the eLCS algorithm------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.run_eLCS() def run_eLCS(self): """ Runs the initialized eLCS algorithm. """ #-------------------------------------------------------------- print("Learning Checkpoints: " +str(cons.learningCheckpoints)) print("Maximum Iterations: " +str(cons.maxLearningIterations)) print("Beginning eLCS learning iterations.") print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") #------------------------------------------------------- # MAJOR LEARNING LOOP #------------------------------------------------------- while self.exploreIter < cons.maxLearningIterations: #------------------------------------------------------- # GET NEW INSTANCE AND RUN A LEARNING ITERATION #------------------------------------------------------- state_phenotype = cons.env.getTrainInstance() self.runIteration(state_phenotype, self.exploreIter) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # EVALUATIONS OF ALGORITHM #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #------------------------------------------------------- # TRACK LEARNING ESTIMATES #------------------------------------------------------- if (self.exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency) == (cons.trackingFrequency - 1) and self.exploreIter > 0: self.population.runPopAveEval(self.exploreIter) trackedAccuracy = sum(self.correct)/float(cons.trackingFrequency) #Accuracy over the last "trackingFrequency" number of iterations. self.learnTrackOut.write(self.population.getPopTrack(trackedAccuracy, self.exploreIter+1,cons.trackingFrequency)) #Report learning progress to standard out and tracking file. #------------------------------------------------------- # CHECKPOINT - OUTPUT CURRENT POPULATION #------------------------------------------------------- if (self.exploreIter + 1) in cons.learningCheckpoints: print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") print("Output rule population after " + str(self.exploreIter + 1)+ " iterations.") self.population.runPopAveEval(self.exploreIter) self.population.runAttGeneralitySum(True) #Write output files---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OutputFileManager().writePopStats(cons.outFileName, self.exploreIter + 1, self.population, self.correct) OutputFileManager().writePop(cons.outFileName, self.exploreIter + 1, self.population) #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- print("Continue Learning...") print("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") #------------------------------------------------------- # ADJUST MAJOR VALUES FOR NEXT ITERATION #------------------------------------------------------- self.exploreIter += 1 # Increment current learning iteration cons.env.newInstance(True) # Step to next instance in training set # Once eLCS has reached the last learning iteration, close the tracking file self.learnTrackOut.close() print("eLCS Run Complete") def runIteration(self, state_phenotype, exploreIter): """ Run a single eLCS learning iteration. """ #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FORM A MATCH SET - includes covering #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeMatchSet(state_phenotype, exploreIter) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # MAKE A PREDICTION - utilized here for tracking estimated learning progress. Typically used in the explore phase of many LCS algorithms. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prediction = Prediction(self.population) phenotypePrediction = prediction.getDecision() #------------------------------------------------------- # PREDICTION NOT POSSIBLE #------------------------------------------------------- if phenotypePrediction == None or phenotypePrediction == 'Tie': if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: phenotypePrediction = random.choice(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList) else: phenotypePrediction = random.randrange(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0],cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1],(cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1]-cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0])/float(1000)) else: #Prediction Successful #------------------------------------------------------- # DISCRETE PHENOTYPE PREDICTION #------------------------------------------------------- if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: if phenotypePrediction == state_phenotype[1]: self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = 1 else: self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = 0 #------------------------------------------------------- # CONTINUOUS PHENOTYPE PREDICTION #------------------------------------------------------- else: predictionError = math.fabs(phenotypePrediction - float(state_phenotype[1])) phenotypeRange = cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1] - cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0] accuracyEstimate = 1.0 - (predictionError / float(phenotypeRange)) self.correct[exploreIter%cons.trackingFrequency] = accuracyEstimate #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FORM A CORRECT SET #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeCorrectSet(state_phenotype[1]) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # UPDATE PARAMETERS #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.updateSets(exploreIter) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RUN THE GENETIC ALGORITHM - Discover new offspring rules from a selected pair of parents #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.runGA(exploreIter, state_phenotype[0], state_phenotype[1]) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # SELECT RULES FOR DELETION - This is done whenever there are more rules in the population than 'N', the maximum population size. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.deletion(exploreIter) self.population.clearSets() #Clears the match and correct sets for the next learning iteration def populationReboot(self): """ Manages the reformation of a previously saved eLCS classifier population. """ #-------------------------------------------------------------------- try: #Re-open track learning file for continued tracking of progress. self.learnTrackOut = open(cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt','a') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.outFileName+'_LearnTrack.txt') raise #Extract last iteration from file name--------------------------------------------- temp = cons.popRebootPath.split('_') iterRef = len(temp)-1 completedIterations = int(temp[iterRef]) print("Rebooting rule population after " +str(completedIterations)+ " iterations.") self.exploreIter = completedIterations-1 for i in range(len(cons.learningCheckpoints)): cons.learningCheckpoints[i] += completedIterations cons.maxLearningIterations += completedIterations #Rebuild existing population from text file.-------- self.population = ClassifierSet(cons.popRebootPath) #--------------------------------------------------- try: #Obtain correct track f = open(cons.popRebootPath+"_PopStats.txt", 'r') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.popRebootPath+"_PopStats.txt") raise else: correctRef = 14 #File reference position tempLine = None for i in range(correctRef): tempLine = f.readline() tempList = tempLine.strip().split('\t') self.correct = tempList if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: for i in range(len(self.correct)): self.correct[i] = int(self.correct[i]) else: for i in range(len(self.correct)): self.correct[i] = float(self.correct[i]) f.close()
class eLCS: def __init__(self): """ Initializes the eLCS algorithm """ print("eLCS: Initializing Algorithm...") #Global Parameters------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population = None # The rule population (the 'solution/model' evolved by eLCS) self.learnTrackOut = None # Output file that will store tracking information during learning #------------------------------------------------------- # POPULATION REBOOT - Begin eLCS learning from an existing saved rule population #------------------------------------------------------- if cons.doPopulationReboot: self.populationReboot() #------------------------------------------------------- # NORMAL eLCS - Run eLCS from scratch on given data #------------------------------------------------------- else: try: self.learnTrackOut = open(cons.outFileName + '_LearnTrack.txt', 'w') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.outFileName + '_LearnTrack.txt') raise else: self.learnTrackOut.write( "Explore_Iteration\tMacroPopSize\tMicroPopSize\tAccuracy_Estimate\tAveGenerality\tExpRules\tTime(min)\n" ) # Instantiate Population--------- self.population = ClassifierSet() self.exploreIter = 0 self.correct = [0.0 for i in range(cons.trackingFrequency)] #Run the eLCS algorithm------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.run_eLCS() def run_eLCS(self): """ Runs the initialized eLCS algorithm. """ #-------------------------------------------------------------- print("Learning Checkpoints: " + str(cons.learningCheckpoints)) print("Maximum Iterations: " + str(cons.maxLearningIterations)) print("Beginning eLCS learning iterations.") print( "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" ) #------------------------------------------------------- # MAJOR LEARNING LOOP #------------------------------------------------------- while self.exploreIter < cons.maxLearningIterations: #------------------------------------------------------- # GET NEW INSTANCE AND RUN A LEARNING ITERATION #------------------------------------------------------- state_phenotype = cons.env.getTrainInstance() self.runIteration(state_phenotype, self.exploreIter) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # EVALUATIONS OF ALGORITHM #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #------------------------------------------------------- # TRACK LEARNING ESTIMATES #------------------------------------------------------- if (self.exploreIter % cons.trackingFrequency) == ( cons.trackingFrequency - 1) and self.exploreIter > 0: self.population.runPopAveEval(self.exploreIter) trackedAccuracy = sum(self.correct) / float( cons.trackingFrequency ) #Accuracy over the last "trackingFrequency" number of iterations. self.learnTrackOut.write( self.population.getPopTrack(trackedAccuracy, self.exploreIter + 1, cons.trackingFrequency) ) #Report learning progress to standard out and tracking file. #------------------------------------------------------- # CHECKPOINT - OUTPUT CURRENT POPULATION #------------------------------------------------------- if (self.exploreIter + 1) in cons.learningCheckpoints: print( "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" ) print("Output rule population after " + str(self.exploreIter + 1) + " iterations.") self.population.runPopAveEval(self.exploreIter) self.population.runAttGeneralitySum(True) #Write output files---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OutputFileManager().writePopStats(cons.outFileName, self.exploreIter + 1, self.population, self.correct) OutputFileManager().writePop(cons.outFileName, self.exploreIter + 1, self.population) #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- print("Continue Learning...") print( "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" ) #------------------------------------------------------- # ADJUST MAJOR VALUES FOR NEXT ITERATION #------------------------------------------------------- self.exploreIter += 1 # Increment current learning iteration cons.env.newInstance(True) # Step to next instance in training set # Once eLCS has reached the last learning iteration, close the tracking file self.learnTrackOut.close() print("eLCS Run Complete") def runIteration(self, state_phenotype, exploreIter): """ Run a single eLCS learning iteration. """ #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FORM A MATCH SET - includes covering #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeMatchSet(state_phenotype, exploreIter) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # MAKE A PREDICTION - utilized here for tracking estimated learning progress. Typically used in the explore phase of many LCS algorithms. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- prediction = Prediction(self.population) phenotypePrediction = prediction.getDecision() #------------------------------------------------------- # PREDICTION NOT POSSIBLE #------------------------------------------------------- if phenotypePrediction == None or phenotypePrediction == 'Tie': if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: phenotypePrediction = random.choice( cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList) else: phenotypePrediction = random.randrange( cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0], cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1], (cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[1] - cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0]) / float(1000)) else: #Prediction Successful #------------------------------------------------------- # DISCRETE PHENOTYPE PREDICTION #------------------------------------------------------- if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: if phenotypePrediction == state_phenotype[1]: self.correct[exploreIter % cons.trackingFrequency] = 1 else: self.correct[exploreIter % cons.trackingFrequency] = 0 #------------------------------------------------------- # CONTINUOUS PHENOTYPE PREDICTION #------------------------------------------------------- else: predictionError = math.fabs(phenotypePrediction - float(state_phenotype[1])) phenotypeRange = cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[ 1] - cons.env.formatData.phenotypeList[0] accuracyEstimate = 1.0 - (predictionError / float(phenotypeRange)) self.correct[exploreIter % cons.trackingFrequency] = accuracyEstimate #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FORM A CORRECT SET #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.makeCorrectSet(state_phenotype[1]) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # UPDATE PARAMETERS #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.updateSets(exploreIter) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RUN THE GENETIC ALGORITHM - Discover new offspring rules from a selected pair of parents #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.runGA(exploreIter, state_phenotype[0], state_phenotype[1]) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # SELECT RULES FOR DELETION - This is done whenever there are more rules in the population than 'N', the maximum population size. #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- self.population.deletion(exploreIter) self.population.clearSets( ) #Clears the match and correct sets for the next learning iteration def populationReboot(self): """ Manages the reformation of a previously saved eLCS classifier population. """ #-------------------------------------------------------------------- try: #Re-open track learning file for continued tracking of progress. self.learnTrackOut = open(cons.outFileName + '_LearnTrack.txt', 'a') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.outFileName + '_LearnTrack.txt') raise #Extract last iteration from file name--------------------------------------------- temp = cons.popRebootPath.split('_') iterRef = len(temp) - 1 completedIterations = int(temp[iterRef]) print("Rebooting rule population after " + str(completedIterations) + " iterations.") self.exploreIter = completedIterations - 1 for i in range(len(cons.learningCheckpoints)): cons.learningCheckpoints[i] += completedIterations cons.maxLearningIterations += completedIterations #Rebuild existing population from text file.-------- self.population = ClassifierSet(cons.popRebootPath) #--------------------------------------------------- try: #Obtain correct track f = open(cons.popRebootPath + "_PopStats.txt", 'r') except Exception as inst: print(type(inst)) print(inst.args) print(inst) print('cannot open', cons.popRebootPath + "_PopStats.txt") raise else: correctRef = 14 #File reference position tempLine = None for i in range(correctRef): tempLine = f.readline() tempList = tempLine.strip().split('\t') self.correct = tempList if cons.env.formatData.discretePhenotype: for i in range(len(self.correct)): self.correct[i] = int(self.correct[i]) else: for i in range(len(self.correct)): self.correct[i] = float(self.correct[i]) f.close()