def tornado(ax):
y = np.arange(8)
x1 = y + np.random.random(8) + 1
x2 = y + 3 * np.random.random(8) + 1
ax.barh(y, x1, color='lightblue')
ax.barh(y, -x2, color='salmon')
ax.margins(0.15)
example_utils.label(ax, 'barh(x, y)')
def basic_bar(ax):
y = [1, 3, 4, 5.5, 3, 2]
err = [0.2, 1, 2.5, 1, 1, 0.5]
x = np.arange(len(y))
ax.bar(x, y, yerr=err, color='lightblue', ecolor='black')
ax.margins(0.05)
ax.set_ylim(bottom=0)
example_utils.label(ax, 'bar(x, y, yerr=e)')
def general(ax):
num = 10
left = np.random.randint(0, 10, num)
bottom = np.random.randint(0, 10, num)
width = np.random.random(num) + 0.5
height = np.random.random(num) + 0.5
ax.bar(left, height, width, bottom, color='salmon')
ax.margins(0.15)
example_utils.label(ax, 'bar(l, h, w, b)')
def hist(ax, dists, colors):
# We could call "ax.hist(dists, ...)" and skip the loop, but we'll plot
# each distribution separately so they'll overlap and turn on transparency
ax.set_color_cycle(colors)
for dist in dists:
ax.hist(dist, bins=20, density=True, edgecolor='none', alpha=0.5)
ax.margins(y=0.05)
ax.set_ylim(bottom=0)
example_utils.label(ax, 'ax.hist(dists)')
def violinplot(ax, dists, colors):
result = ax.violinplot(dists, vert=False, showmedians=True)
for body, color in zip(result['bodies'], colors):
body.set(facecolor=color, alpha=0.5)
for item in ['cbars', 'cmaxes', 'cmins', 'cmedians']:
plt.setp(result[item], edgecolor='gray', linewidth=1.5)
plt.setp(result['cmedians'], edgecolor='black')
ax.margins(0.05)
ax.set(ylim=[0, 6])
example_utils.label(ax, 'ax.violinplot(dists)')
def boxplot(ax, dists, colors):
result = ax.boxplot(dists, patch_artist=True, notch=True, vert=False)
for box, color in zip(result['boxes'], colors):
box.set(facecolor=color, alpha=0.5)
for item in ['whiskers', 'caps', 'medians']:
plt.setp(result[item], color='gray', linewidth=1.5)
plt.setp(result['fliers'], markeredgecolor='gray', markeredgewidth=1.5)
plt.setp(result['medians'], color='black')
ax.margins(0.05)
ax.set(yticks=[], ylim=[0, 6])
example_utils.label(ax, 'ax.boxplot(dists)')
def fill_between_example(ax):
# Fill between fills between two curves or a curve and a constant value
# It can be used in several ways. We'll illustrate a few below.
x, y1, y2 = sin_data()
# The most basic (and common) use of fill_between
err = np.random.rand(x.size)**2 + 0.1
y = 0.7 * x + 2
ax.fill_between(x, y + err, y - err, color='orange')
# Filling between two curves with different colors when they cross in
# different directions
ax.fill_between(x, y1, y2, where=y1>y2, color='lightblue')
ax.fill_between(x, y1, y2, where=y1<y2, color='forestgreen')
# Note that this is fillbetween*x*!
ax.fill_betweenx(x, -y1, where=y1>0, color='red', alpha=0.5)
ax.fill_betweenx(x, -y1, where=y1<0, color='blue', alpha=0.5)
ax.margins(0.15)
example_utils.label(ax, 'fill_between/x')
def fill_between_example(ax):
# Fill between fills between two curves or a curve and a constant value
# It can be used in several ways. We'll illustrate a few below.
x, y1, y2 = sin_data()
# The most basic (and common) use of fill_between
err = np.random.rand(x.size)**2 + 0.1
y = 0.7 * x + 2
ax.fill_between(x, y + err, y - err, color='orange')
# Filling between two curves with different colors when they cross in
# different directions
ax.fill_between(x, y1, y2, where=y1 > y2, color='lightblue')
ax.fill_between(x, y1, y2, where=y1 < y2, color='forestgreen')
# Note that this is fillbetween*x*!
ax.fill_betweenx(x, -y1, where=y1 > 0, color='red', alpha=0.5)
ax.fill_betweenx(x, -y1, where=y1 < 0, color='blue', alpha=0.5)
ax.margins(0.15)
example_utils.label(ax, 'fill_between/x')
def fill_example(ax):
# Use fill when you want a simple filled polygon between vertices
x, y = fill_data()
ax.fill(x, y, color='lightblue')
ax.margins(0.1)
example_utils.label(ax, 'fill')
# Set up our data...
z = np.load(get_sample_data('axes_grid/bivariate_normal.npy'))
ny, nx = z.shape
y, x = np.mgrid[:ny, :nx]
y = (y - y.mean()) * (x + 10)**2
mask = (z > -0.1) & (z < 0.1)
z2 = np.ma.masked_where(mask, z)
fig, axes = example_utils.setup_axes()
# Either pcolor or pcolormesh would produce the same result here.
# pcolormesh is faster, however.
axes[0].pcolor(x, y, z, cmap='gist_earth')
example_utils.label(axes[0], 'either')
# The difference between the two will become clear as we turn on edges:
# pcolor will completely avoid drawing masked cells...
axes[1].pcolor(x, y, z2, cmap='gist_earth', edgecolor='black')
example_utils.label(axes[1], 'pcolor(x,y,z)')
# While pcolormesh will draw them as empty (but still present) cells.
axes[2].pcolormesh(x, y, z2, cmap='gist_earth', edgecolor='black', lw=0.5,
antialiased=True)
example_utils.label(axes[2], 'pcolormesh(x,y,z)')
example_utils.title(fig, 'pcolor/pcolormesh: Colormapped 2D arrays')
fig.savefig('pcolor_example.png', facecolor='none')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import example_utils
# 随机生成数据
np.random.seed(1874)
x, y, z = np.random.normal(0, 1, (3, 100))
t = np.arctan2(y, x)
size = 50 * np.cos(2 * t)**2 + 10
fig, axes = example_utils.setup_axes()
# 子图1
axes[0].scatter(x, y, marker='o', color='darkblue', facecolor='white', s=80)
example_utils.label(axes[0], 'scatter(x, y)')
# 子图2
axes[1].scatter(x, y, marker='s', color='darkblue', s=size)
example_utils.label(axes[1], 'scatter(x, y, s)')
# 子图3
axes[2].scatter(x, y, s=size, c=z, cmap='gist_ncar')
example_utils.label(axes[2], 'scatter(x, y, s, c)')
# example_utils.title(fig, '"ax.scatter(...)": Colored/scaled markers',
# y=0.95)
fig.savefig('scatter_example.png', facecolor='none')
plt.show()
# Set up our data...
z = np.load(get_sample_data('axes_grid/bivariate_normal.npy'))
ny, nx = z.shape
y, x = np.mgrid[:ny, :nx]
y = (y - y.mean()) * (x + 10)**2
mask = (z > -0.1) & (z < 0.1)
z2 = np.ma.masked_where(mask, z)
fig, axes = example_utils.setup_axes()
# Either pcolor or pcolormesh would produce the same result here.
# pcolormesh is faster, however.
axes[0].pcolor(x, y, z, cmap='gist_earth')
example_utils.label(axes[0], 'either')
# The difference between the two will become clear as we turn on edges:
# pcolor will completely avoid drawing masked cells...
axes[1].pcolor(x, y, z2, cmap='gist_earth', edgecolor='black')
example_utils.label(axes[1], 'pcolor(x,y,z)')
# While pcolormesh will draw them as empty (but still present) cells.
axes[2].pcolormesh(x, y, z2, cmap='gist_earth', edgecolor='black', lw=0.5,
antialiased=True)
example_utils.label(axes[2], 'pcolormesh(x,y,z)')
example_utils.title(fig, 'pcolor/pcolormesh: Colormapped 2D arrays')
fig.savefig('pcolor_example.png', facecolor='none')
# Generate data
n = 256
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
xi, yi = np.meshgrid(x, y)
z = (1 - xi / 2 + xi**5 + yi**3) * np.exp(-xi**2 - yi**2)
dy, dx = np.gradient(z)
mag = np.hypot(dx, dy)
fig, axes = example_utils.setup_axes()
# Use ax.arrow to plot a single arrow on the axes.
axes[0].arrow(0, 0, -0.5, 0.5, width=0.005, color='black')
axes[0].axis([-1, 1, -1, 1])
example_utils.label(axes[0], 'arrow(x, y, dx, dy)')
# Plot a regularly-sampled vector field with ax.quiver
ds = np.s_[::16, ::16] # Downsample our array a bit...
axes[1].quiver(xi[ds], yi[ds], dx[ds], dy[ds], z[ds], cmap='gist_earth',
width=0.01, scale=0.25, pivot='middle')
axes[1].axis('tight')
example_utils.label(axes[1], 'quiver(x, y, dx, dy)')
# Use ax.streamplot to show flowlines through our vector field
# We'll get fancy and vary their width and color
lw = 2 * (mag - mag.min()) / mag.ptp() + 0.2
axes[2].streamplot(xi, yi, dx, dy, color=z, density=1.5, linewidth=lw,
cmap='gist_earth')
example_utils.label(axes[2], 'streamplot(x, y, dx, dy)')
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('nbAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data
import example_utils
z = np.load(get_sample_data('axes_grid/bivariate_normal.npy'))
fig, axes = example_utils.setup_axes()
axes[0].contour(z, cmap='gist_earth')
example_utils.label(axes[0], 'contour')
axes[1].contourf(z, cmap='gist_earth')
example_utils.label(axes[1], 'contourf')
axes[2].contourf(z, cmap='gist_earth')
cont = axes[2].contour(z, colors='black')
axes[2].clabel(cont, fontsize=6)
example_utils.label(axes[2], 'contourf + contour\n + clabel')
example_utils.title(fig, '"contour, contourf, clabel": Contour/label 2D data',
y=0.96)
fig.savefig('contour_example.png', facecolor='none')
plt.show()
def stackplot_example(ax):
# Stackplot is equivalent to a series of ax.fill_between calls
x, y = stackplot_data()
ax.stackplot(x, y.cumsum(axis=0), alpha=0.5)
example_utils.label(ax, 'stackplot')
def stackplot_example(ax):
# Stackplot is equivalent to a series of ax.fill_between calls
x, y = stackplot_data()
ax.stackplot(x, y.cumsum(axis=0), alpha=0.5)
example_utils.label(ax, 'stackplot')
"""
Illustrates the basics of using "scatter".
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import example_utils
# Generate some random data...
np.random.seed(1874)
x, y, z = np.random.normal(0, 1, (3, 100))
t = np.arctan2(y, x)
size = 50 * np.cos(2 * t)**2 + 10
fig, axes = example_utils.setup_axes()
axes[0].scatter(x, y, marker='o', facecolor='white', s=80)
example_utils.label(axes[0], 'scatter(x, y)')
axes[1].scatter(x, y, s=size, marker='s', color='darkblue')
example_utils.label(axes[1], 'scatter(x, y, s)')
axes[2].scatter(x, y, c=z, s=size, cmap='gist_ncar')
example_utils.label(axes[2], 'scatter(x, y, s, c)')
example_utils.title(fig,'"ax.scatter(...)": Colored/scaled markers',
y=0.95)
fig.savefig('scatter_example.png', facecolor='none')
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data
import example_utils
z = np.load(get_sample_data('axes_grid/bivariate_normal.npy'))
fig, axes = example_utils.setup_axes()
axes[0].contour(z, cmap='gist_earth')
example_utils.label(axes[0], 'contour')
axes[1].contourf(z, cmap='gist_earth')
example_utils.label(axes[1], 'contourf')
axes[2].contourf(z, cmap='gist_earth')
cont = axes[2].contour(z, colors='black')
axes[2].clabel(cont, fontsize=6)
example_utils.label(axes[2], 'contourf + contour\n + clabel')
example_utils.title(fig, '"contour, contourf, clabel": Contour/label 2D data',
y=0.96)
fig.savefig('contour_example.png', facecolor='none')
plt.show()
# Generate data
n = 256
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
xi, yi = np.meshgrid(x, y)
z = (1 - xi / 2 + xi**5 + yi**3) * np.exp(-xi**2 - yi**2)
dy, dx = np.gradient(z)
mag = np.hypot(dx, dy)
fig, axes = example_utils.setup_axes()
# Use ax.arrow to plot a single arrow on the axes.
axes[0].arrow(0, 0, -0.5, 0.5, width=0.005, color='black')
axes[0].axis([-1, 1, -1, 1])
example_utils.label(axes[0], 'arrow(x, y, dx, dy)')
# Plot a regularly-sampled vector field with ax.quiver
ds = np.s_[::16, ::16] # Downsample our array a bit...
axes[1].quiver(xi[ds], yi[ds], dx[ds], dy[ds], z[ds], cmap='gist_earth',
width=0.01, scale=0.25, pivot='middle')
axes[1].axis('tight')
example_utils.label(axes[1], 'quiver(x, y, dx, dy)')
# Use ax.streamplot to show flowlines through our vector field
# We'll get fancy and vary their width and color
lw = 2 * (mag - mag.min()) / mag.ptp() + 0.2
axes[2].streamplot(xi, yi, dx, dy, color=z, density=1.5, linewidth=lw,
cmap='gist_earth')
example_utils.label(axes[2], 'streamplot(x, y, dx, dy)')
def fill_example(ax):
# Use fill when you want a simple filled polygon between vertices
x, y = fill_data()
ax.fill(x, y, color='lightblue')
ax.margins(0.1)
example_utils.label(ax, 'fill')