示例#1
0
def TestExudyn(x):

    #create an environment for mini example
    SC = exu.SystemContainer()
    mbs = SC.AddSystem()

    oGround = mbs.AddObject(ObjectGround(referencePosition=[0, 0, 0]))
    nGround = mbs.AddNode(NodePointGround(referenceCoordinates=[0, 0, 0]))

    testError = 1  #set default error, if failed
    exu.Print("start mini example for class ObjectMass1D")

    node = mbs.AddNode(
        Node1D(referenceCoordinates=[0],
               initialCoordinates=[0.],
               initialVelocities=[1 * x]))
    mass = mbs.AddObject(Mass1D(nodeNumber=node, physicsMass=1))

    #assemble and solve system for default parameters
    mbs.Assemble()
    #exu.SolveDynamic(mbs, exu.SimulationSettings())

    h = 1e-6
    tEnd = 10
    simulationSettings = exu.SimulationSettings()
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.numberOfSteps = int(tEnd / h)
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.endTime = tEnd
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.coordinatesSolutionFileName = "coordinatesSolution" + str(
        int(x)) + ".txt"
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.writeSolutionToFile = True  #no concurrent writing to files ...!
    #exu.StartRenderer() #don't do this in parallelization: will crash
    exu.SolveDynamic(mbs, simulationSettings)
    #exu.StopRenderer() #don't do this in parallelization: will crash

    #check result, get current mass position at local position [0,0,0]
    result = mbs.GetObjectOutputBody(mass, exu.OutputVariableType.Position,
                                     [0, 0, 0])[0]
    print("result ", x, "=", result)
    return result
示例#2
0
#
# Copyright:This file is part of Exudyn. Exudyn is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Exudyn license. See 'LICENSE.txt' for more details.
#
#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++import sys
import sys
sys.path.append(
    '../TestModels'
)  #for modelUnitTest as this example may be used also as a unit test

import exudyn as exu
from exudyn.itemInterface import *
from exudyn.utilities import *

from modelUnitTests import ExudynTestStructure, exudynTestGlobals

SC = exu.SystemContainer()
mbs = SC.AddSystem()


##################################################################################################################################################################
def AddBodyWithSlidingJoints(mbs,
                             xPositionOfFirstNodes=0,
                             referencePositionOfBodyAlongCable=0,
                             gravityFieldConstant=0):

    a = 0.8 * 2  #y-dim/2 of Body
    b = 0.02  #x-dim/2 of Body
    massRigid = 5000  #moving mass
    inertiaRigid = massRigid / 12 * (2 * a)**2
    #rigid body which slides:
    graphicsRigid1 = GraphicsDataRectangle(-b, -a, b,
示例#3
0
def ParameterFunction(parameterSet):
    SC = exu.SystemContainer()
    mbs = SC.AddSystem()

    #default values
    mass = 1.6          #mass in kg
    spring = 4000       #stiffness of spring-damper in N/m
    damper = 8          #damping constant in N/(m/s)
    u0=-0.08            #initial displacement
    v0=1                #initial velocity
    f =80               #force applied to mass

    #process parameters
    if 'mass' in parameterSet:
        mass = parameterSet['mass']
        
    if 'spring' in parameterSet:
        spring = parameterSet['spring']

    iCalc = 'Ref' #needed for parallel computation ==> output files are different for every computation
    if 'computationIndex' in parameterSet:
        iCalc = str(parameterSet['computationIndex'])

    #mass-spring-damper system
    L=0.5               #spring length (for drawing)
    
    x0=f/spring         #static displacement
    
    # print('resonance frequency = '+str(np.sqrt(spring/mass)))
    # print('static displacement = '+str(x0))
    
    #node for 3D mass point:
    n1=mbs.AddNode(Point(referenceCoordinates = [L,0,0], 
                         initialCoordinates = [u0,0,0], 
                         initialVelocities= [v0,0,0]))
    
    #ground node
    nGround=mbs.AddNode(NodePointGround(referenceCoordinates = [0,0,0]))
    
    #add mass point (this is a 3D object with 3 coordinates):
    massPoint = mbs.AddObject(MassPoint(physicsMass = mass, nodeNumber = n1))
    
    #marker for ground (=fixed):
    groundMarker=mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber= nGround, coordinate = 0))
    #marker for springDamper for first (x-)coordinate:
    nodeMarker  =mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber= n1, coordinate = 0))
    
    #spring-damper between two marker coordinates
    nC = mbs.AddObject(CoordinateSpringDamper(markerNumbers = [groundMarker, nodeMarker], 
                                              stiffness = spring, damping = damper)) 
    
    #add load:
    mbs.AddLoad(LoadCoordinate(markerNumber = nodeMarker, 
                                             load = f))
    #add sensor:
    fileName = 'solution/paramVarDisplacement'+iCalc+'.txt'
    mbs.AddSensor(SensorObject(objectNumber=nC, fileName=fileName, 
                               outputVariableType=exu.OutputVariableType.Force))
    
    #print(mbs)
    mbs.Assemble()
    
    steps = 1000  #number of steps to show solution
    tEnd = 1     #end time of simulation
    
    simulationSettings = exu.SimulationSettings()
    #simulationSettings.solutionSettings.solutionWritePeriod = 5e-3  #output interval general
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.writeSolutionToFile = False
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.sensorsWritePeriod = 5e-3  #output interval of sensors
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.numberOfSteps = steps
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.endTime = tEnd
    
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.generalizedAlpha.spectralRadius = 1 #no damping
    
    #exu.StartRenderer()              #start graphics visualization
    #mbs.WaitForUserToContinue()    #wait for pressing SPACE bar to continue
    
    #start solver:
    exu.SolveDynamic(mbs, simulationSettings)
    
    #SC.WaitForRenderEngineStopFlag()#wait for pressing 'Q' to quit
    #exu.StopRenderer()               #safely close rendering window!
    
    # #evaluate final (=current) output values
    # u = mbs.GetNodeOutput(n1, exu.OutputVariableType.Position)
    # print('displacement=',u)

    #+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #evaluate difference between reference and optimized solution
    #reference solution:
    dataRef = np.loadtxt('solution/paramVarDisplacementRef.txt', comments='#', delimiter=',')
    data = np.loadtxt(fileName, comments='#', delimiter=',')
    diff = data[:,1]-dataRef[:,1]
    
    errorNorm = np.sqrt(np.dot(diff,diff))/steps*tEnd
    
    #+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #compute exact solution:
    if False:
        from matplotlib import plt
        
        plt.close('all')
        plt.plot(data[:,0], data[:,1], 'b-', label='displacement (m)')
                
        ax=plt.gca() # get current axes
        ax.grid(True, 'major', 'both')
        ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MaxNLocator(10)) 
        ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MaxNLocator(10)) 
        plt.legend() #show labels as legend
        plt.tight_layout()
        plt.show() 

    import os
    if iCalc != 'Ref':
        os.remove(fileName) #remove files in order to clean up
        
    del mbs
    del SC
    
    return errorNorm
示例#4
0
def ParameterFunction(parameterSet):
    SC = exu.SystemContainer()
    mbs = SC.AddSystem()

    #default values
    mass = 1.6  #mass in kg
    spring = 4000  #stiffness of spring-damper in N/m
    damper = 8  #old: 8; damping constant in N/(m/s)
    u0 = -0.08  #initial displacement
    v0 = 1  #initial velocity
    force = 80  #force applied to mass

    #process parameters
    if 'mass' in parameterSet:
        mass = parameterSet['mass']

    if 'spring' in parameterSet:
        spring = parameterSet['spring']

    if 'force' in parameterSet:
        force = parameterSet['force']

    iCalc = 'Ref'  #needed for parallel computation ==> output files are different for every computation
    if 'computationIndex' in parameterSet:
        iCalc = str(parameterSet['computationIndex'])
        #print("computation index=",iCalc, flush=True)

    L = 0.5  #spring length (for drawing)

    n1 = mbs.AddNode(
        Point(referenceCoordinates=[L, 0, 0],
              initialCoordinates=[u0, 0, 0],
              initialVelocities=[v0, 0, 0]))

    #ground node
    nGround = mbs.AddNode(NodePointGround(referenceCoordinates=[0, 0, 0]))

    #add mass point (this is a 3D object with 3 coordinates):
    massPoint = mbs.AddObject(MassPoint(physicsMass=mass, nodeNumber=n1))

    #marker for ground (=fixed):
    groundMarker = mbs.AddMarker(
        MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber=nGround, coordinate=0))
    #marker for springDamper for first (x-)coordinate:
    nodeMarker = mbs.AddMarker(
        MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber=n1, coordinate=0))

    #spring-damper between two marker coordinates
    nC = mbs.AddObject(
        CoordinateSpringDamper(markerNumbers=[groundMarker, nodeMarker],
                               stiffness=spring,
                               damping=damper))

    #add load:
    mbs.AddLoad(LoadCoordinate(markerNumber=nodeMarker, load=force))
    #add sensor:
    sensorFileName = 'solution/paramVarDisplacement' + iCalc + '.txt'
    mbs.AddSensor(
        SensorObject(objectNumber=nC,
                     fileName=sensorFileName,
                     outputVariableType=exu.OutputVariableType.Displacement))
    #print("sensorFileName",sensorFileName)

    #print(mbs)
    mbs.Assemble()

    steps = 100  #number of steps to show solution
    tEnd = 1  #end time of simulation

    simulationSettings = exu.SimulationSettings()
    #simulationSettings.solutionSettings.solutionWritePeriod = 5e-3  #output interval general
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.writeSolutionToFile = False
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.sensorsWritePeriod = 2e-3  #output interval of sensors
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.numberOfSteps = steps
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.endTime = tEnd

    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.generalizedAlpha.spectralRadius = 1  #no damping

    exu.SolveDynamic(mbs, simulationSettings)

    #+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #evaluate difference between reference and optimized solution
    #reference solution:
    dataRef = np.loadtxt('solution/paramVarDisplacementRef.txt',
                         comments='#',
                         delimiter=',')
    data = np.loadtxt(sensorFileName, comments='#', delimiter=',')

    diff = data[:, 1] - dataRef[:, 1]

    errorNorm = np.sqrt(np.dot(diff, diff)) / steps * tEnd

    if True:  #delete files; does not work for parallel, consecutive operation
        if iCalc != 'Ref':
            os.remove(sensorFileName)  #remove files in order to clean up
            while (os.path.exists(sensorFileName)
                   ):  #wait until file is really deleted -> usually some delay
                sleep(0.001)  #not nice, but there is no other way than that

    del mbs
    del SC

    return errorNorm
示例#5
0
import exudyn as exu  #EXUDYN package including C++ core part
from exudyn.itemInterface import *  #conversion of data to exudyn dictionaries

SC = exu.SystemContainer()  #container of systems
mbs = SC.AddSystem()  #add a new system to work with

nMP = mbs.AddNode(NodePoint2D(referenceCoordinates=[0, 0]))
mbs.AddObject(ObjectMassPoint2D(physicsMass=10, nodeNumber=nMP))
mMP = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodePosition(nodeNumber=nMP))
mbs.AddLoad(Force(markerNumber=mMP, loadVector=[0.001, 0, 0]))

mbs.Assemble()  #assemble system and solve
simulationSettings = exu.SimulationSettings()
simulationSettings.timeIntegration.verboseMode = 1  #provide some output
SC.TimeIntegrationSolve(mbs, 'GeneralizedAlpha', simulationSettings)
示例#6
0
def ParameterFunction(parameterSet):
    SC = exu.SystemContainer()
    mbs = SC.AddSystem()

    #default values
    mass = 1.6  #mass in kg
    spring = 4000  #stiffness of spring-damper in N/m
    damper = 8  #old: 8; damping constant in N/(m/s)
    u0 = -0.08  #initial displacement
    v0 = 1  #initial velocity
    force = 80  #force applied to mass

    #process parameters
    if 'mass' in parameterSet:
        mass = parameterSet['mass']

    if 'spring' in parameterSet:
        spring = parameterSet['spring']

    if 'force' in parameterSet:
        force = parameterSet['force']

    iCalc = 'Ref'  #needed for parallel computation ==> output files are different for every computation
    if 'computationIndex' in parameterSet:
        iCalc = str(parameterSet['computationIndex'])
        #print("computation index=",iCalc, flush=True)
    # else:
    #     print("***********************\nfailed: computationIndex\n***********************\n")

    #mass-spring-damper system
    L = 0.5  #spring length (for drawing)

    # x0=force/spring         #static displacement

    # print('resonance frequency = '+str(np.sqrt(spring/mass)))
    # print('static displacement = '+str(x0))

    #node for 3D mass point:
    n1 = mbs.AddNode(
        Point(referenceCoordinates=[L, 0, 0],
              initialCoordinates=[u0, 0, 0],
              initialVelocities=[v0, 0, 0]))

    #ground node
    nGround = mbs.AddNode(NodePointGround(referenceCoordinates=[0, 0, 0]))

    #add mass point (this is a 3D object with 3 coordinates):
    massPoint = mbs.AddObject(MassPoint(physicsMass=mass, nodeNumber=n1))

    #marker for ground (=fixed):
    groundMarker = mbs.AddMarker(
        MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber=nGround, coordinate=0))
    #marker for springDamper for first (x-)coordinate:
    nodeMarker = mbs.AddMarker(
        MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber=n1, coordinate=0))

    #spring-damper between two marker coordinates
    nC = mbs.AddObject(
        CoordinateSpringDamper(markerNumbers=[groundMarker, nodeMarker],
                               stiffness=spring,
                               damping=damper))

    #add load:
    mbs.AddLoad(LoadCoordinate(markerNumber=nodeMarker, load=force))
    #add sensor:
    sensorFileName = 'solution/paramVarDisplacement' + iCalc + '.txt'
    mbs.AddSensor(
        SensorObject(objectNumber=nC,
                     fileName=sensorFileName,
                     outputVariableType=exu.OutputVariableType.Displacement))
    #print("sensorFileName",sensorFileName)

    #print(mbs)
    mbs.Assemble()

    steps = 1000  #number of steps to show solution
    tEnd = 1  #end time of simulation

    simulationSettings = exu.SimulationSettings()
    #simulationSettings.solutionSettings.solutionWritePeriod = 5e-3  #output interval general
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.writeSolutionToFile = False
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.sensorsWritePeriod = 2e-3  #output interval of sensors
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.numberOfSteps = steps
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.endTime = tEnd

    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.generalizedAlpha.spectralRadius = 1  #no damping

    #exu.StartRenderer()              #start graphics visualization
    #mbs.WaitForUserToContinue()    #wait for pressing SPACE bar to continue

    #start solver:
    exu.SolveDynamic(mbs, simulationSettings)

    #SC.WaitForRenderEngineStopFlag()#wait for pressing 'Q' to quit
    #exu.StopRenderer()               #safely close rendering window!

    # #evaluate final (=current) output values
    # u = mbs.GetNodeOutput(n1, exu.OutputVariableType.Position)
    # print('displacement=',u)

    #+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #evaluate difference between reference and optimized solution
    #reference solution:
    dataRef = np.loadtxt('solution/paramVarDisplacementRef.txt',
                         comments='#',
                         delimiter=',')
    data = np.loadtxt(sensorFileName, comments='#', delimiter=',')

    # s = 50 #shift, for testing what happens if signal has phase-shift
    # dataRef[0:-s] = dataRef[s:]

    if not useFFTfitness:
        diff = data[:, 1] - dataRef[:, 1]

        errorNorm = np.sqrt(np.dot(diff, diff)) / steps * tEnd
        #+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
        #draw solution (not during optimization!):
        if False:
            import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
            from matplotlib import ticker

            #plt.close('all')
            plt.plot(data[:, 0], data[:, 1], 'b-', label='displacement (m)')

            ax = plt.gca()  # get current axes
            ax.grid(True, 'major', 'both')
            ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MaxNLocator(10))
            ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MaxNLocator(10))
            plt.legend()  #show labels as legend
            plt.tight_layout()
            plt.show()

    else:
        from exudyn.signal import ComputeFFT

        tvec = data[:, 0]
        uvec = data[:, 1]
        tvecRef = dataRef[:, 0]
        uvecRef = dataRef[:, 1]
        [freq, mag, phase] = ComputeFFT(tvec, uvec)
        [freqRef, magRef, phaseRef] = ComputeFFT(tvecRef, uvecRef)

        diff = mag - magRef
        #diff = np.log(abs(mag)) - np.log(abs(magRef)) #does not improve convergence
        nMag = len(mag)
        fRange = freq[-1] - freq[
            0]  #use frequency range for better reference value

        # avrgLength  = 51
        # def runningMeanFast(x, N):
        #     return np.convolve(x, np.ones((N,))/N)[(N-1):]

        # mag = runningMeanFast(mag, avrgLength)
        # magRef = runningMeanFast(magRef, avrgLength)

        errorNorm = np.sqrt(np.dot(diff, diff)) / nMag * fRange
        # sumV = 0
        # p = 2 #higher coefficient has no effect
        # for v in diff:
        #     sumV += v**p

        # errorNorm = (sumV**(1/p))/nMag*fRange  #higher weight to peaks

        # #convolution does not work well:
        # sumV = 0
        # for i in range(20,len(mag)-5):
        #     #sumV += -mag[i]*magRef[i]
        #     sumV += -np.log(abs(mag[i])) * np.log(abs(magRef[i]))

        # errorNorm = sumV/nMag*fRange  #higher weight to peaks

        #+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
        #draw solution (not during optimization!):
        if False:
            from exudyn.plot import PlotFFT

            PlotFFT(freq, mag, label='freq')  #, logScaleY=False)
            PlotFFT(freqRef, magRef, label='freqRef')  #, logScaleY=False)

    if True:  #delete files; does not work for parallel, consecutive operation
        if iCalc != 'Ref':
            os.remove(sensorFileName)  #remove files in order to clean up
            while (os.path.exists(sensorFileName)
                   ):  #wait until file is really deleted -> usually some delay
                sleep(0.001)  #not nice, but there is no other way than that

    del mbs
    del SC

    return errorNorm
示例#7
0
def ParameterFunction(parameterSet):

    s1=L1*0.5
    s2=L2*0.5
    if False:
        s1 = s1opt
        s2 = s2opt

    if 's1' in parameterSet:
        s1 = parameterSet['s1']
    h=0.002
    if 'h' in parameterSet:
        h = parameterSet['h']
    if 's2' in parameterSet:
        s2 = parameterSet['s2']

    iCalc = 'Ref' #needed for parallel computation ==> output files are different for every computation
    if 'computationIndex' in parameterSet:
        iCalc = str(parameterSet['computationIndex'])
        #print("computation index=",iCalc, flush=True)

    SC = exu.SystemContainer()
    mbs = SC.AddSystem()
    
    testCases = 1 #floating body
    nGround = mbs.AddNode(NodePointGround(referenceCoordinates=[0,0,0])) #ground node for coordinate constraint
    mGround = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber = nGround, coordinate=0)) #Ground node ==> no action
    
    
    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #floating body to mount slider-crank mechanism
    constrainGroundBody = (testCases == 0) #use this flag to fix ground body
    
    #graphics for floating frame:
    gFloating = GraphicsDataOrthoCube(-0.25, -0.25, -0.1, 0.8, 0.25, -0.05, color=[0.3,0.3,0.3,1.]) 
    
    if constrainGroundBody:
        floatingRB = mbs.AddObject(ObjectGround(referencePosition=[0,0,0], visualization=VObjectGround(graphicsData=[gFloating])))    
        mFloatingN = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerBodyPosition(bodyNumber = floatingRB, localPosition=[0,0,0]))
    else:
        nFloating = mbs.AddNode(Rigid2D(referenceCoordinates=[0,0,0], initialVelocities=[0,0,0]));
        mFloatingN = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodePosition(nodeNumber=nFloating))
        floatingRB = mbs.AddObject(RigidBody2D(physicsMass=2, physicsInertia=1, nodeNumber=nFloating, visualization=VObjectRigidBody2D(graphicsData=[gFloating])))
        mRB0 = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber = nFloating, coordinate=0))
        mRB1 = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber = nFloating, coordinate=1))
        mRB2 = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber = nFloating, coordinate=2))

        #add spring dampers for reference frame:        
        k=5000 #stiffness of floating body
        d=k*0.01
        mbs.AddObject(CoordinateSpringDamper(markerNumbers=[mGround,mRB0], stiffness=k, damping=d))
        mbs.AddObject(CoordinateSpringDamper(markerNumbers=[mGround,mRB1], stiffness=k, damping=d))
        mbs.AddObject(CoordinateSpringDamper(markerNumbers=[mGround,mRB2], stiffness=k, damping=d))
        mbs.AddObject(CoordinateConstraint(markerNumbers=[mGround,mRB2]))
    
    
    
    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #nodes and bodies
    omega=2*pi/60*300 #3000 rpm
    M=0.1 #torque (default: 0.1)

    s1L=-s1
    s1R=L1-s1
    s2L=-s2
    s2R=L2-s2
    
    #lambda=L1/L2
    J1=(m1/12.)*L1**2 #inertia w.r.t. center of mass
    J2=(m2/12.)*L2**2 #inertia w.r.t. center of mass
    
    ty = 0.05    #thickness
    tz = 0.05    #thickness

    graphics1 = GraphicsDataRigidLink(p0=[s1L,0,-0.5*tz],p1=[s1R,0,-0.5*tz], 
                                      axis0=[0,0,1], axis1=[0,0,1],radius=[0.5*ty,0.5*ty],
                                      thickness=0.8*ty, width=[tz,tz], color=color4steelblue,nTiles=16)
    
    graphics2 = GraphicsDataRigidLink(p0=[s2L,0,0.5*tz],p1=[s2R,0,0.5*tz], 
                                      axis0=[0,0,1], axis1=[0,0,1],radius=[0.5*ty,0.5*ty],
                                      thickness=0.8*ty, width=[tz,tz], color=color4lightred,nTiles=16)
    
    #crank:
    nRigid1 = mbs.AddNode(Rigid2D(referenceCoordinates=[s1,0,0], 
                                  initialVelocities=[0,0,0]));
    oRigid1 = mbs.AddObject(RigidBody2D(physicsMass=m1, 
                                        physicsInertia=J1,
                                        nodeNumber=nRigid1,
                                        visualization=VObjectRigidBody2D(graphicsData= [graphics1])))
    
    #connecting rod:
    nRigid2 = mbs.AddNode(Rigid2D(referenceCoordinates=[L1+s2,0,0], 
                                  initialVelocities=[0,0,0]));
    oRigid2 = mbs.AddObject(RigidBody2D(physicsMass=m2, 
                                        physicsInertia=J2,
                                        nodeNumber=nRigid2,
                                        visualization=VObjectRigidBody2D(graphicsData= [graphics2])))
    
    
    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #slider:
    c=0.025 #dimension of mass
    graphics3 = GraphicsDataOrthoCube(-c,-c,-c*2,c,c,0,color4grey)
    
    #nMass = mbs.AddNode(Point2D(referenceCoordinates=[L1+L2,0]))
    #oMass = mbs.AddObject(MassPoint2D(physicsMass=m3, nodeNumber=nMass,visualization=VObjectMassPoint2D(graphicsData= [graphics3])))
    nMass = mbs.AddNode(Rigid2D(referenceCoordinates=[L1+L2,0,0]))
    oMass = mbs.AddObject(RigidBody2D(physicsMass=m3, physicsInertia=0.001*m3, nodeNumber=nMass,visualization=VObjectRigidBody2D(graphicsData= [graphics3])))
    
    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #markers for joints:
    mR1Left = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerBodyRigid(bodyNumber=oRigid1, localPosition=    [s1L,0.,0.])) #support point # MUST be a rigidBodyMarker, because a torque is applied
    mR1Right = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerBodyPosition(bodyNumber=oRigid1, localPosition=[s1R,0.,0.])) #end point; connection to connecting rod
    
    mR2Left = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerBodyPosition(bodyNumber=oRigid2, localPosition= [s2L,0.,0.])) #connection to crank
    mR2Right = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerBodyPosition(bodyNumber=oRigid2, localPosition=[s2R,0.,0.])) #end point; connection to slider
    
    mMass = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerBodyPosition(bodyNumber=oMass, localPosition=[ 0.,0.,0.]))
    mG0 = mFloatingN
    
    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #joints:
    mbs.AddObject(RevoluteJoint2D(markerNumbers=[mG0,mR1Left]))
    mbs.AddObject(RevoluteJoint2D(markerNumbers=[mR1Right,mR2Left]))
    mbs.AddObject(RevoluteJoint2D(markerNumbers=[mR2Right,mMass]))
        
    
    #prismatic joint:
    mRigidGround = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerBodyRigid(bodyNumber = floatingRB, localPosition = [L1+L2,0,0]))
    mRigidSlider = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerBodyRigid(bodyNumber = oMass, localPosition = [0,0,0]))
    
    mbs.AddObject(PrismaticJoint2D(markerNumbers=[mRigidGround,mRigidSlider], constrainRotation=True))
    
    
    #user function for load; switch off load after 1 second
    userLoadOn = True
    def userLoad(mbs, t, load):
        setLoad = 0
        if userLoadOn:
            setLoad = load
            omega = mbs.GetNodeOutput(nRigid1,variableType = exu.OutputVariableType.AngularVelocity)[2]
            if omega > 2*pi*2:
                #print("t=",t)
                userLoadOn = False
        return setLoad
    
    #loads and driving forces:
    mRigid1CoordinateTheta = mbs.AddMarker(MarkerNodeCoordinate(nodeNumber = nRigid1, coordinate=2)) #angle coordinate is constrained
    #mbs.AddLoad(LoadCoordinate(markerNumber=mRigid1CoordinateTheta, load = M, loadUserFunction=userLoad)) #torque at crank
    mbs.AddLoad(LoadCoordinate(markerNumber=mRigid1CoordinateTheta, load = M)) #torque at crank

    #write motion of support frame:    
    sensorFileName = 'solution/floatingPos'+iCalc+'.txt'
    sFloating = mbs.AddSensor(SensorNode(nodeNumber=nFloating, fileName=sensorFileName, 
                             outputVariableType=exu.OutputVariableType.Position))
    
    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #assemble, adjust settings and start time integration
    mbs.Assemble()
    
    simulationSettings = exu.SimulationSettings() #takes currently set values or default values
    tEnd = 3
    
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.numberOfSteps = int(tEnd/h) 
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.endTime = tEnd              

    #simulationSettings.timeIntegration.newton.relativeTolerance = 1e-8 #10000
    #simulationSettings.timeIntegration.verboseMode = 1 #10000
    
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.solutionWritePeriod = 2e-3
    simulationSettings.solutionSettings.writeSolutionToFile = useGraphics

    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.newton.useModifiedNewton = True
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.newton.relativeTolerance = 1e-8
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.newton.absoluteTolerance = 1e-8
    
    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #solve index 2 / trapezoidal rule:
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.generalizedAlpha.useNewmark = True
    simulationSettings.timeIntegration.generalizedAlpha.useIndex2Constraints = True
    
    dSize = 0.02
    SC.visualizationSettings.nodes.defaultSize = dSize
    SC.visualizationSettings.markers.defaultSize = dSize
    SC.visualizationSettings.bodies.defaultSize = [dSize, dSize, dSize]
    SC.visualizationSettings.connectors.defaultSize = dSize
    
    #data obtained from SC.GetRenderState(); use np.round(d['modelRotation'],4)
    SC.visualizationSettings.openGL.initialModelRotation = [[ 0.87758,  0.04786, -0.47703],
                                                            [ 0.     ,  0.995  ,  0.09983],
                                                            [ 0.47943, -0.08761,  0.8732]]
    SC.visualizationSettings.openGL.initialZoom = 0.47
    SC.visualizationSettings.openGL.initialCenterPoint = [0.192, -0.0039,-0.075]
    SC.visualizationSettings.openGL.initialMaxSceneSize = 0.4
    SC.visualizationSettings.general.autoFitScene = False
    #mbs.WaitForUserToContinue()
    
    if useGraphics: 
        exu.StartRenderer()
   
    exu.SolveDynamic(mbs, simulationSettings)
        
    if useGraphics: 
        #+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
        #animate solution
#        mbs.WaitForUserToContinue
#        fileName = 'coordinatesSolution.txt'
#        solution = LoadSolutionFile('coordinatesSolution.txt')
#        AnimateSolution(mbs, solution, 10, 0.025, True)
        #+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

        SC.WaitForRenderEngineStopFlag()
        exu.StopRenderer() #safely close rendering window!
    
    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #evaluate error:
    data = np.loadtxt(sensorFileName, comments='#', delimiter=',')

    errorNorm = max(abs(data[:,1])) + max(abs(data[:,2])) #max displacement in x and y direction

    #++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    #clean up optimization
    if True: #delete files; does not work for parallel, consecutive operation
        if iCalc != 'Ref':
            os.remove(sensorFileName) #remove files in order to clean up
            while(os.path.exists(sensorFileName)): #wait until file is really deleted -> usually some delay
                sleep(0.001) #not nice, but there is no other way than that
        
    if useGraphics:
        print("max. oszillation=", errorNorm)
        from exudyn.plot import PlotSensor
        
        PlotSensor(mbs, sensorNumbers=[sFloating,sFloating], components=[0,1])

    del mbs
    del SC
    
    return errorNorm