def generate_goal(datum,
threshold=2.0,
min_time_above_threshold=datetime.timedelta(weeks=3),
keep_data_within=datetime.timedelta(weeks=5),
event_boundary=datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)):
"""Generates goal for early detection from datum in standard format.
Parameters
----------
:param datum: datum from which events are generated
:type datum: data dictionary in standard format
Remaining input parameters same as for find_events.
:return: (goal datum restricted to event intervals, pair of filters
corresponding to intervals before/after events)
:rtype: (data dictionary, list of two boolean lists)
"""
events = find_events(datum,
threshold=threshold,
min_time_above_threshold=min_time_above_threshold,
min_time_between_events=keep_data_within)
# Data after events
filters_before = []
filters_during = []
filters_after = []
for event in events:
f0 = fs.filter_on_times(datum,
after=event - keep_data_within,
before=event - event_boundary)
filters_before.append(f0)
f1 = fs.filter_on_times(datum,
after=event - event_boundary,
before=event + event_boundary)
filters_during.append(f1)
f2 = fs.filter_on_times(datum,
after=event + event_boundary,
before=event + keep_data_within)
filters_after.append(f2)
f_before_merged = fs.merge_filters(filters_before, method='any')
goal_before = fs.select(datum, f_before_merged)
goal_before['data']['values'] = [0] * len(goal_before['data']['values'])
f_during_merged = fs.merge_filters(filters_during, method='any')
goal_during = fs.select(datum, f_during_merged)
goal_during['data']['values'] = [1] * len(goal_during['data']['values'])
f_after_merged = fs.merge_filters(filters_after, method='any')
goal_after = fs.select(datum, f_after_merged)
goal_after['data']['values'] = [2] * len(goal_after['data']['values'])
goal = copy.deepcopy(datum)
d0 = dm.raw_to_pandas(goal_before['data'])
d1 = dm.raw_to_pandas(goal_during['data'])
d2 = dm.raw_to_pandas(goal_after['data'])
goal['data'] = dm.sort_raw(
dm.pandas_to_raw(d0.add(d1.add(d2, fill_value=0), fill_value=0)))
return (goal, [f_before_merged, f_during_merged, f_after_merged])
def find_peaks_between(datum, events):
boundaries = events + [datum['data']['times'][-1]]
peaks = []
for i in range(0, len(boundaries) - 1):
f = fs.filter_on_times(datum,
after=boundaries[i],
before=boundaries[i + 1])
_, peak_time = find_max(fs.select(datum, f))
peaks.append(peak_time)
return peaks
def null_dist(goal_datum, data_sources, threshold):
r"""Generate null distributions each of which only includes observations
below the threshold from each data source (non-outbreak period).
Parameters
----------
goal_datum : dictionary
The gold standard data source.
data_sources : list
List of data sources that will be evaluated. Each data source is a
dictionary.
threshold : float
Event baseline. When the value is larger than the threshold, there is
an event. Otherwise, there is no event.
Returns
-------
empirical_dist_0 : list
List of arrays. Each array contains observations below the
threshold at time t from all data sources.
mu_0 : array
Elements in the array are mean values of m observations below the
threshold from one data source.
inv_Sigma_0 : array
Inverse of array Sigma_0. Elements in Sigma_0 are covariances of each
two data sources (only including observations below the threshold).
"""
f = fs.filter_on_values(goal_datum, below=threshold)
series_list_null = [
fs.select(d, f)['data']['values'] for d in data_sources
]
empirical_dist_0 = [
np.array(series_list_null)[:, t]
for t in range(len(series_list_null[0]))
]
mu_0 = np.mean(series_list_null, axis=1)
Sigma_0 = np.cov(series_list_null)
# Uses pseudoinverse in case of singular matrix from missing data
if len(data_sources) == 1:
if Sigma_0:
inv_Sigma_0 = 1 / Sigma_0
else:
inv_Sigma_0 = 0
else:
inv_Sigma_0 = np.linalg.pinv(Sigma_0)
return empirical_dist_0, mu_0, inv_Sigma_0
def generate_goal3(datum,
threshold=2.0,
min_time_above_threshold=datetime.timedelta(weeks=3),
min_time_between_events=datetime.timedelta(weeks=5),
event_boundary=datetime.timedelta(weeks=3)):
"""Generates goal for early detection from datum in standard format.
Parameters
----------
:param datum: datum from which events are generated
:type datum: data dictionary in standard format
Remaining input parameters same as for find_events.
:return: (goal datum restricted to event intervals, pair of filters
corresponding to intervals before/after events)
:rtype: (data dictionary, list of two boolean lists)
"""
events = find_events(datum,
threshold=threshold,
min_time_above_threshold=min_time_above_threshold,
min_time_between_events=min_time_between_events)
peaks = find_peaks_between(datum, events)
# Data after events
filters_after = []
for i in range(0, len(events)):
f1 = fs.filter_on_times(datum, after=events[i], before=peaks[i])
filters_after.append(f1)
f_after_merged = fs.merge_filters(filters_after, method='any')
goal_before = fs.exclude(datum, f_after_merged)
goal_before['data']['values'] = [0] * len(goal_before['data']['values'])
goal_after = fs.select(datum, f_after_merged)
goal_after['data']['values'] = [1] * len(goal_after['data']['values'])
goal = copy.deepcopy(datum)
d0 = dm.raw_to_pandas(goal_before['data'])
d1 = dm.raw_to_pandas(goal_after['data'])
goal['data'] = dm.sort_raw(dm.pandas_to_raw(d0.add(d1, fill_value=0)))
return (goal, f_after_merged)
def filter_data(data,
date_start='2010-11-22',
date_end='2016-09-19',
copy=True):
"""
Filter data to make sure all data are within the same date range
"""
if copy == True:
data_f = data[:]
else:
data_f = data
for i in range(len(data_f)):
bool_mask = fs.filter_on_times(data_f[i],
after=date_start,
before=date_end)
bool_mask_list = list(bool_mask) # for Python 3 map is one time only
d = fs.select(data_f[i], bool_mask_list)
data_f[i] = d
return data_f
def generate_lagged_data(datum,
goal_datum,
min_lag=datetime.timedelta(weeks=3),
max_history=5):
"""Formats datum for early detection.
Parameters
----------
:param datum: datum to be formatted
:param goal_datum: goal datum generated from generate_goal
:param min_lag: minimum amount of time to lag data
:param max_history: maximum size of lagged dataset for each time point
:type datum: data dictionary in standard format
:type goal_datum: data dictionary
:type min_lag: datatime.timedelta
:type max_history: positive integer
:return: formatted datum with lagged data appended to key 'lagged' in
dictionary 'data'
:rtype: data dictionary in (appended) standard format
"""
datum = dm.fillna(datum, 0) #fill NAs with 0 automatically for now
lagged_data = []
for t in goal_datum['data']['times']:
f = fs.filter_on_times(datum, before=(t - min_lag))
v = fs.select(datum, f)['data']['values'][-max_history:]
if len(v) < max_history:
v = [0.0] * (max_history - len(v)) + v
lagged_data.append(v)
d = dm.fillna(dm.interpolate(datum, goal_datum), 0)
d['data']['lagged'] = lagged_data
#d['data']['lagged'] = [list(l) for l in zip(*lagged_data)]
return d
def ED_obj(alarm,
goal_datum,
threshold=2.0,
min_time_above_threshold=datetime.timedelta(weeks=3),
min_time_between_events=datetime.timedelta(weeks=8)):
r"""Objective function for Early Event Detection.
Parameters
----------
alarm : dict
Including date and whether or not alarm is triggered at that date.
goal_datum : dictionary
The gold standard data source.
threshold : float
Event baseline. When the value is larger than the threshold, there is
an event. Otherwise, there is no event.
min_time_above_threshold : datetime.timedelta
Minimum amount of time above threshold required post-crossing to qualify
as event.
min_time_between_events : datetime.timedelta
Minimum buffer between potential events.
Returns
-------
average_obj : number
The average of the objective value.
weeks_ahead_list : list
How many weeks ahead in an event the alarm is triggered.
"""
events = find_events(goal_datum,
threshold=threshold,
min_time_above_threshold=min_time_above_threshold,
min_time_between_events=min_time_between_events)
total_obj = 0
weeks_ahead_list = []
alarm0 = start(alarm)
total_alarm_times = [
t for t, v in zip(alarm0['data']['times'], alarm0['data']['values'])
if v == True
]
for event in events:
f = fs.filter_on_times(alarm0,
after=event - min_time_between_events / 2,
before=event + min_time_between_events / 2)
event_alarm = fs.select(alarm0, f)
alarm_times = [
t for t, v in zip(event_alarm['data']['times'], event_alarm['data']
['values']) if v == True
]
if alarm_times:
first_alarm = min(alarm_times)
diff = (event - min_time_between_events / 2 - first_alarm).days / 7
weeks_ahead = (first_alarm - event).days / 7
else:
diff = -np.inf
weeks_ahead = 'NA'
total_obj = total_obj + np.exp(diff)
weeks_ahead_list.append(weeks_ahead)
if len(events) > 0:
average_obj = total_obj / len(events)
else:
average_obj = 0
return average_obj, weeks_ahead_list
def test_on_filter(test_func, data_sources, bool_mask):
"""
"""
data_sources_resample = [fs.select(d, bool_mask) for d in data_sources]
return test_func(data_sources_resample)
def train_on_filter(train_func, goal_datum, data_sources, bool_mask):
"""
"""
goal_datum_resample = fs.select(goal_datum, bool_mask)
data_sources_resample = [fs.select(d, bool_mask) for d in data_sources]
return train_func(goal_datum_resample, data_sources_resample)
