class Hangman:
'''
This class provides the context for the
graphics and logic modules, as well as
handling input, menus, events and
resources.
The original intent was to let it serve
as a model-view controller, where Logic
represented the model and Graphics the
main view.
'''
def __init__(self):
'''
Initializes window, canvas, gameplay options and menus,
loads resources (settings, images, dictionaries)
and sets up debugging.
'''
# Window
self.size = Size(650, 650)
self.root = self.createWindow(self.size)
self.icon = self.loadIcon('icon.png')
# Internal settings
self.validState = False # Not ready to accept guesses
self.DEBUG = tk.BooleanVar(value=False) # Print debug messages
self.VERBOSE = tk.BooleanVar(value=True) # Print verbose debug messages
# Logging
self.messages = []
self.logger = Logger('Hangman')
# Resources
self.dictData = self.loadDictionaries('data/dicts/dictionaries.json')
self.dictNames = [name for name in self.dictData.keys()]
self.flags = self.loadFlags()
# Gameplay settings
self.restartDelay = 1500 # Delay before new round begins (ms)
self.revealWhenLost = False # Reveal the word when the game is lost
# TODO: Save reference to current dict (?)
self.DICT = tk.StringVar(value=choice(self.dictNames)) # Select random dictionary
self.characterSet = self.dictData[self.DICT.get()]['characters'] # TODO: Make this dictionary-dependent
# Menus
self.menubar = self.createMenus()
# Events
self.bindEvents()
# Game play
self.graphics = Graphics(self.root, *self.size, characterSet=self.characterSet) # Renderer
self.logic = Logic(self.graphics.chances) # Logic
self.wordFeed = self.createWordFeed(self.DICT.get()) # Provides a stream of words and hints
self.chances = self.graphics.chances # Initial number of chances for each round
self.word = None # Initialized later on
self.hint = None # Initialized later on
# Audio
self.effects = self.loadAudio()
def play(self):
''' Starts the game '''
self.restart()
self.root.mainloop()
def createWindow(self, size):
''' As per the title '''
root = tk.Tk()
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
root.title('Hangman')
return root
def createMenus(self):
''' As per the title '''
# TODO: Nested dict or JSON menu definition (?)
# TODO: Desperately needs a clean-up (...)
menubar = tk.Menu(self.root)
# New game
menubar.add_command(label='New', command=self.restart)
# Settings
settings = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
settings.add_command(label='Difficulty', command=lambda: print('Moderate'))
# Languages
languages = tk.Menu(settings, tearoff=0)
self.DICT.trace('w', lambda *args, var=self.DICT: self.setDictionary(var.get())) # TODO: Extract traces
# TODO: Use appropriate flag
for N, name in enumerate(self.dictData.keys()):
code = self.dictData[name]['iso'] # Language code
languages.add_radiobutton(label=name, image=self.flags[code], compound='left', var=self.DICT, value=name)
else:
self.logger.log('Found %d dictionaries.' % (N+1), kind='log')
settings.add_cascade(label='Language', menu=languages)
menubar.add_cascade(label='Settings', menu=settings)
# About box
menubar.add_command(label='About', command=self.about)
# Dev menu
debug = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
debug.add_checkbutton(label='Debug', onvalue=True, offvalue=False, variable=self.DEBUG)
debug.add_checkbutton(label='Verbose', onvalue=True, offvalue=False, variable=self.VERBOSE)
menubar.add_cascade(label='Dev', menu=debug)
# Quit
menubar.add_command(label='Quit', command=self.quit)
# Attach to window
self.root.config(menu=menubar)
return menubar
def bindEvents(self):
''' Binds callbacks to events '''
self.root.bind('<Escape>', lambda e: self.quit())
self.root.bind('<Key>', lambda e: self.onKeyDown(e))
def onKeyDown(self, event):
''' Responds to key presses '''
# TODO: Make sure guesses can't be made in a transitory state (✓)
# TODO: Tidy up
# TODO: Shortcuts, key bindings with JSON (?)
# Validate the guess
# Make sure the game is in a valid state (eg. not between to rounds)
if not self.validState:
self.logger.log('Cannot accept guesses right now', kind='log')
return
elif not self.validGuess(event.char):
return
else:
self.guess(event.char)
def about(self):
''' Shows an about box '''
messagebox.askokcancel('About', 'Hangman\nJonatan H Sundqvist\nJuly 2014')
def loadAudio(self):
''' Initializes mixer and loads sound effects '''
mixer.init()
files = ['strangled.wav', 'ding.wav']
return namedtuple('Effects', ['lose', 'win'])(*map(lambda fn: mixer.Sound('data/audio/%s' % fn), files))
def loadFlags(self):
''' Loads all flag files and creates a map between those and their respective ISO language codes '''
codes = [('en-uk', 'UK.png'), ('es-es', 'Spain.png'), ('in', 'India.png'), ('sv-sv', 'sv.png'), ('en-us', 'USA.png')] # Maps language codes to flags
flags = {}
for iso, fn in codes:
image = Image.open('data/flags/%s' % fn)
image.thumbnail((16,16), Image.ANTIALIAS)
flags[iso] = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
return flags
def loadIcon(self, fn):
''' Loads and sets the title bar icon '''
icon = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(fn))
self.root.call('wm', 'iconphoto', self.root._w, icon)
return icon
def loadDictionaries(self, fn):
''' Loads JSON dictionary meta data '''
# TODO: Dot notation
# TODO: Load associated resources for convenience (?)
with open(fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as dicts:
return json.load(dicts)
def setDictionary(self, name):
''' Sets the dictionary specified by the name and restarts '''
self.logger.log('Changing dictionary to %s' % name, kind='log')
self.wordFeed = self.createWordFeed(name)
self.characterSet = self.dictData[name]['characters']
self.graphics.changeCharacterSet(self.characterSet)
self.restart()
# TODO: Research Python annotation syntax
# TOOD: Check if ST3 has support for the same
#def guess(self : str, letter : str) -> None:
def guess(self, letter):
''' Guesses one letter '''
# TODO: Write a slightly more helpful docstring
# TODO: Clean this up
result = self.logic.guess(letter)
self.logger.log('\'%s\' is a %s!' % (letter.upper(), result), kind='log')
self.graphics.guess(letter, result in ('MATCH', 'WIN'), str(self.logic)), # TODO: Let Graphics take care of the representation for us (?)
# TODO: Clean up the 'switch' logic
#{'WIN': self.win, 'LOSE': self.lose}.get(result, lambda: None)()
# return { ('MATCH', 'WIN'): }
if result == 'WIN':
self.win()
elif result == 'LOSE':
self.lose()
def validGuess(self, letter):
''' Determines if a letter is a valid guess '''
# TODO: Make this configurable (list of requirements?)
# Normalize input
letter = letter.upper()
# Check all requirements
if letter not in self.characterSet:
# Make sure the character is a guessable letter
self.logger.log('\'%s\' is not in the character set!' % letter, kind='log')
return False
elif len(letter) != 1:
# Make sure the guess is only one letter
self.logger.log('\'%s\' does not have exactly one letter!' % letter, kind='log')
return False
elif self.logic.hasGuessed(letter):
# Make sure it's not a repeat guess
self.logger.log('\'%s\' has already been guessed!' % letter, kind='log')
return False
else:
return True
def win(self):
''' Victorious feedback, schedules the next round '''
self.logger.log('Phew. You figured it out!', kind='log')
self.effects.win.play()
self.scheduleRestart()
def lose(self):
''' Failure feedback, schedules the next round '''
# TODO: Show correct word before restarting (?)
self.logger.log('You\'ve been hanged. Requiescat in pace!', kind='log')
self.effects.lose.play()
if self.revealWhenLost:
self.graphics.setWord(self.word) # Reveal answer
self.scheduleRestart()
def scheduleRestart(self):
''' Schedules a new round and disables guessing in the interim '''
self.validState = False # Disable guessing between rounds
self.root.after(self.restartDelay, self.restart)
def restart(self):
''' Starts a new game '''
self.logger.log('\n{0}\n{1:^40}\n{0}\n'.format('-'*40, 'NEW GAME'), kind='log', identify=False) # TODO: Enable identify options in Logger.log
self.word, self.hint = next(self.wordFeed)
self.graphics.showHint(self.hint)
self.logic.new(self.word)
self.graphics.play(str(self.logic))
self.validState = True # Ready to accept guesses again
def quit(self, message=None, prompt=False):
''' Exits the application '''
# TODO: Find a way to close Python
#print('\n'.join(self.messages))
self.root.quit()
def createWordFeed(self, name):
''' Creates a word feed from the dictionary specified by the name '''
# TODO: Give class a reference to words (?)
# TODO: Wise to hard-code path (?)
# TODO: Handle incorrectly structured dictionaries
self.logger.log('Creating word feed from \'{name}\'.'.format(name=name), kind='log')
fn = self.dictData[name]['file']
with open('data/dicts/%s' % fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as wordFile:
words = wordFile.read().split('\n')
while True:
try:
line = choice(words)
word, hint = line.split('|') # Word|Hint
yield word, hint
except ValueError as e:
words.remove(line) # Remove the culprit from the word feed
self.logger.log('Removing invalid definition ({0}).'.format(line), kind='error')