示例#1
0
    def get_gateways(kls, eipconfig, providerconfig):
        """
        Return the selected gateways for a given provider, looking at the EIP
        config file.

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig

        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig

        :rtype: list
        """
        gateways = []
        settings = Settings()
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)
        gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)

        if gateway_conf == GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gateways = [gateway_conf]

        if not gateways:
            logger.error('No gateway was found!')
            raise VPNLauncherException('No gateway was found!')

        logger.debug("Using gateways ips: {0}".format(', '.join(gateways)))
        return gateways
    def get_gateways(kls, eipconfig, providerconfig):
        """
        Return the selected gateways for a given provider, looking at the EIP
        config file.

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig

        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig

        :rtype: list
        """
        gateways = []
        settings = Settings()
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)
        gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)

        if gateway_conf == GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gateways = [gateway_conf]

        if not gateways:
            logger.error('No gateway was found!')
            raise VPNLauncherException('No gateway was found!')

        logger.debug("Using gateways ips: {0}".format(', '.join(gateways)))
        return gateways
 def test_get_gateway_with_no_locations(self):
     gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(self.eipconfig)
     self.eipconfig.get_gateways = Mock(
         return_value=sample_gateways_no_location)
     self.eipconfig.get_locations = Mock(return_value=[])
     gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
     gateways_default_order = [
         sample_gateways[0]['ip_address'], sample_gateways[1]['ip_address'],
         sample_gateways[2]['ip_address']
     ]
     self.assertEqual(gateways, gateways_default_order)
 def test_get_gateway_with_no_locations(self):
     gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(self.eipconfig)
     self.eipconfig.get_gateways = Mock(
         return_value=sample_gateways_no_location)
     self.eipconfig.get_locations = Mock(return_value=[])
     gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
     gateways_default_order = [
         sample_gateways[0]['ip_address'],
         sample_gateways[1]['ip_address'],
         sample_gateways[2]['ip_address']
     ]
     self.assertEqual(gateways, gateways_default_order)
    def get_gateways(kls, eipconfig, providerconfig):
        """
        Return a list with the selected gateways for a given provider, looking
        at the EIP config file.
        Each item of the list is a tuple containing (gateway, port).

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig

        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig

        :rtype: list
        """
        gateways = []

        settings = Settings()
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)
        gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)

        if gateway_conf == GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gws = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gws = [gateway_conf]

        if not gws:
            logger.error('No gateway was found!')
            raise VPNLauncherException('No gateway was found!')

        for idx, gw in enumerate(gws):
            ports = eipconfig.get_gateway_ports(idx)

            the_port = "1194"  # default port

            # pick the port preferring this order:
            for port in kls.PREFERRED_PORTS:
                if port in ports:
                    the_port = port
                    break
                else:
                    continue

            gateways.append((gw, the_port))

        logger.debug("Using gateways (ip, port): {0!r}".format(gateways))
        return gateways
示例#6
0
    def get_gateways(kls, eipconfig, providerconfig):
        """
        Return a list with the selected gateways for a given provider, looking
        at the EIP config file.
        Each item of the list is a tuple containing (gateway, port).

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig

        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig

        :rtype: list
        """
        gateways = []

        settings = Settings()
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)
        gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)

        if gateway_conf == GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gws = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gws = [gateway_conf]

        if not gws:
            logger.error('No gateway was found!')
            raise VPNLauncherException('No gateway was found!')

        for idx, gw in enumerate(gws):
            ports = eipconfig.get_gateway_ports(idx)

            the_port = "1194"  # default port

            # pick the port preferring this order:
            for port in kls.PREFERRED_PORTS:
                if port in ports:
                    the_port = port
                    break
                else:
                    continue

            gateways.append((gw, the_port))

        logger.debug("Using gateways (ip, port): {0!r}".format(gateways))
        return gateways
示例#7
0
    def get_gateways(kls, eipconfig, providerconfig):
        """
        Return the selected gateways for a given provider, looking at the EIP
        config file.

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig

        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig

        :rtype: list
        """
        gateways = []
        leap_settings = LeapSettings()
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = leap_settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)
        gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)

        if gateway_conf == leap_settings.GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gateways = [gateway_conf]

        if not gateways:
            logger.error('No gateway was found!')
            raise VPNLauncherException('No gateway was found!')

        # this only works for selecting the first gateway, as we're
        # currently doing.
        ccodes = gateway_selector.get_gateways_country_code()
        gateway_ccode = ccodes[gateways[0]]
        flags.CURRENT_VPN_COUNTRY = gateway_ccode

        logger.debug("Using gateways ips: {0}".format(', '.join(gateways)))
        return gateways
 def test_get_no_gateways(self):
     gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(self.eipconfig)
     self.eipconfig.get_gateways = Mock(return_value=[])
     gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
     self.assertEqual(gateways, [])
 def test_correct_order_gmt_plus_14(self):
     gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(self.eipconfig, 14)
     gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
     self.assertEqual(gateways, [ips[4], ips[2], ips[3], ips[1]])
示例#10
0
    def get_vpn_command(
        self, eipconfig=None, providerconfig=None, socket_host=None, socket_port="9876", openvpn_verb=1
    ):
        """
        Returns the platform dependant vpn launching command. It will
        look for openvpn in the regular paths and algo in
        path_prefix/apps/eip/ (in case standalone is set)

        Might raise VPNException.

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig

        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig

        :param socket_host: either socket path (unix) or socket IP
        :type socket_host: str

        :param socket_port: either string "unix" if it's a unix
        socket, or port otherwise
        :type socket_port: str

        :param openvpn_verb: the openvpn verbosity wanted
        :type openvpn_verb: int

        :return: A VPN command ready to be launched
        :rtype: list
        """
        leap_assert(eipconfig, "We need an eip config")
        leap_assert_type(eipconfig, EIPConfig)
        leap_assert(providerconfig, "We need a provider config")
        leap_assert_type(providerconfig, ProviderConfig)
        leap_assert(socket_host, "We need a socket host!")
        leap_assert(socket_port, "We need a socket port!")
        leap_assert(socket_port != "unix", "We cannot use unix sockets in windows!")

        openvpn_possibilities = which(
            self.OPENVPN_BIN, path_extension=os.path.join(providerconfig.get_path_prefix(), "..", "apps", "eip")
        )

        if len(openvpn_possibilities) == 0:
            raise OpenVPNNotFoundException()

        openvpn = first(openvpn_possibilities)
        args = []

        args += ["--setenv", "LEAPOPENVPN", "1"]

        if openvpn_verb is not None:
            args += ["--verb", "%d" % (openvpn_verb,)]

        gateways = []
        leap_settings = LeapSettings(ProviderConfig.standalone)
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = leap_settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)

        if gateway_conf == leap_settings.GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)
            gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gateways = [gateway_conf]

        if not gateways:
            logger.error("No gateway was found!")
            raise VPNLauncherException(self.tr("No gateway was found!"))

        logger.debug("Using gateways ips: {0}".format(", ".join(gateways)))

        for gw in gateways:
            args += ["--remote", gw, "1194", "udp"]

        args += [
            "--client",
            "--dev",
            "tun",
            ##############################################################
            # persist-tun makes ping-restart fail because it leaves a
            # broken routing table
            ##############################################################
            # '--persist-tun',
            "--persist-key",
            "--tls-client",
            # We make it log to a file because we cannot attach to the
            # openvpn process' stdout since it's a process with more
            # privileges than we are
            "--log-append",
            "eip.log",
            "--remote-cert-tls",
            "server",
        ]

        openvpn_configuration = eipconfig.get_openvpn_configuration()
        for key, value in openvpn_configuration.items():
            args += ["--%s" % (key,), value]

        ##############################################################
        # The down-root plugin fails in some situations, so we don't
        # drop privs for the time being
        ##############################################################
        # args += [
        #     '--user', getpass.getuser(),
        #     #'--group', grp.getgrgid(os.getgroups()[-1]).gr_name
        # ]

        args += ["--management-signal", "--management", socket_host, socket_port, "--script-security", "2"]

        args += [
            "--cert",
            eipconfig.get_client_cert_path(providerconfig),
            "--key",
            eipconfig.get_client_cert_path(providerconfig),
            "--ca",
            providerconfig.get_ca_cert_path(),
        ]

        logger.debug("Running VPN with command:")
        logger.debug("%s %s" % (openvpn, " ".join(args)))

        return [openvpn] + args
示例#11
0
    def get_vpn_command(
        self, eipconfig=None, providerconfig=None, socket_host=None, socket_port="unix", openvpn_verb=1
    ):
        """
        Returns the platform dependant vpn launching command

        Might raise VPNException.

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig

        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig

        :param socket_host: either socket path (unix) or socket IP
        :type socket_host: str

        :param socket_port: either string "unix" if it's a unix
                            socket, or port otherwise
        :type socket_port: str

        :param openvpn_verb: openvpn verbosity wanted
        :type openvpn_verb: int

        :return: A VPN command ready to be launched
        :rtype: list
        """
        leap_assert(eipconfig, "We need an eip config")
        leap_assert_type(eipconfig, EIPConfig)
        leap_assert(providerconfig, "We need a provider config")
        leap_assert_type(providerconfig, ProviderConfig)
        leap_assert(socket_host, "We need a socket host!")
        leap_assert(socket_port, "We need a socket port!")

        if not self.maybe_kextloaded():
            raise EIPNoTunKextLoaded

        kwargs = {}
        if ProviderConfig.standalone:
            kwargs["path_extension"] = os.path.join(providerconfig.get_path_prefix(), "..", "apps", "eip")

        openvpn_possibilities = which(self.OPENVPN_BIN, **kwargs)
        if len(openvpn_possibilities) == 0:
            raise OpenVPNNotFoundException()

        openvpn = first(openvpn_possibilities)
        args = [openvpn]

        args += ["--setenv", "LEAPOPENVPN", "1"]

        if openvpn_verb is not None:
            args += ["--verb", "%d" % (openvpn_verb,)]

        gateways = []
        leap_settings = LeapSettings(ProviderConfig.standalone)
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = leap_settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)

        if gateway_conf == leap_settings.GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)
            gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gateways = [gateway_conf]

        if not gateways:
            logger.error("No gateway was found!")
            raise VPNLauncherException(self.tr("No gateway was found!"))

        logger.debug("Using gateways ips: {0}".format(", ".join(gateways)))

        for gw in gateways:
            args += ["--remote", gw, "1194", "udp"]

        args += [
            "--client",
            "--dev",
            "tun",
            ##############################################################
            # persist-tun makes ping-restart fail because it leaves a
            # broken routing table
            ##############################################################
            # '--persist-tun',
            "--persist-key",
            "--tls-client",
            "--remote-cert-tls",
            "server",
        ]

        openvpn_configuration = eipconfig.get_openvpn_configuration()
        for key, value in openvpn_configuration.items():
            args += ["--%s" % (key,), value]

        user = getpass.getuser()

        ##############################################################
        # The down-root plugin fails in some situations, so we don't
        # drop privs for the time being
        ##############################################################
        # args += [
        #     '--user', user,
        #     '--group', grp.getgrgid(os.getgroups()[-1]).gr_name
        # ]

        if socket_port == "unix":
            args += ["--management-client-user", user]

        args += ["--management-signal", "--management", socket_host, socket_port, "--script-security", "2"]

        if _has_updown_scripts(self.UP_SCRIPT):
            args += ["--up", '"%s"' % (self.UP_SCRIPT,)]

        if _has_updown_scripts(self.DOWN_SCRIPT):
            args += ["--down", '"%s"' % (self.DOWN_SCRIPT,)]

            # should have the down script too
            if _has_updown_scripts(self.OPENVPN_DOWN_PLUGIN):
                args += [
                    ###########################################################
                    # For the time being we are disabling the usage of the
                    # down-root plugin, because it doesn't quite work as
                    # expected (i.e. it doesn't run route -del as root
                    # when finishing, so it fails to properly
                    # restart/quit)
                    ###########################################################
                    # '--plugin', self.OPENVPN_DOWN_PLUGIN,
                    # '\'%s\'' % self.DOWN_SCRIPT
                ]

        # we set user to be passed to the up/down scripts
        args += ["--setenv", "LEAPUSER", "%s" % (user,)]

        args += [
            "--cert",
            eipconfig.get_client_cert_path(providerconfig),
            "--key",
            eipconfig.get_client_cert_path(providerconfig),
            "--ca",
            providerconfig.get_ca_cert_path(),
        ]

        command, cargs = self.get_cocoasudo_ovpn_cmd()
        cmd_args = cargs + args

        logger.debug("Running VPN with command:")
        logger.debug("%s %s" % (command, " ".join(cmd_args)))

        return [command] + cmd_args
示例#12
0
    def get_vpn_command(
        self, eipconfig=None, providerconfig=None, socket_host=None, socket_port="unix", openvpn_verb=1
    ):
        """
        Returns the platform dependant vpn launching command. It will
        look for openvpn in the regular paths and algo in
        path_prefix/apps/eip/ (in case standalone is set)

        Might raise:
            VPNLauncherException,
            OpenVPNNotFoundException.

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig

        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig

        :param socket_host: either socket path (unix) or socket IP
        :type socket_host: str

        :param socket_port: either string "unix" if it's a unix
                            socket, or port otherwise
        :type socket_port: str

        :param openvpn_verb: openvpn verbosity wanted
        :type openvpn_verb: int

        :return: A VPN command ready to be launched
        :rtype: list
        """
        leap_assert(eipconfig, "We need an eip config")
        leap_assert_type(eipconfig, EIPConfig)
        leap_assert(providerconfig, "We need a provider config")
        leap_assert_type(providerconfig, ProviderConfig)
        leap_assert(socket_host, "We need a socket host!")
        leap_assert(socket_port, "We need a socket port!")

        kwargs = {}
        if ProviderConfig.standalone:
            kwargs["path_extension"] = os.path.join(providerconfig.get_path_prefix(), "..", "apps", "eip")

        openvpn_possibilities = which(self.OPENVPN_BIN, **kwargs)

        if len(openvpn_possibilities) == 0:
            raise OpenVPNNotFoundException()

        openvpn = first(openvpn_possibilities)
        args = []

        pkexec = self.maybe_pkexec()
        if pkexec:
            args.append(openvpn)
            openvpn = first(pkexec)

        args += ["--setenv", "LEAPOPENVPN", "1"]

        if openvpn_verb is not None:
            args += ["--verb", "%d" % (openvpn_verb,)]

        gateways = []
        leap_settings = LeapSettings(ProviderConfig.standalone)
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = leap_settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)

        if gateway_conf == leap_settings.GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)
            gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gateways = [gateway_conf]

        if not gateways:
            logger.error("No gateway was found!")
            raise VPNLauncherException(self.tr("No gateway was found!"))

        logger.debug("Using gateways ips: {0}".format(", ".join(gateways)))

        for gw in gateways:
            args += ["--remote", gw, "1194", "udp"]

        args += [
            "--client",
            "--dev",
            "tun",
            ##############################################################
            # persist-tun makes ping-restart fail because it leaves a
            # broken routing table
            ##############################################################
            # '--persist-tun',
            "--persist-key",
            "--tls-client",
            "--remote-cert-tls",
            "server",
        ]

        openvpn_configuration = eipconfig.get_openvpn_configuration()

        for key, value in openvpn_configuration.items():
            args += ["--%s" % (key,), value]

        ##############################################################
        # The down-root plugin fails in some situations, so we don't
        # drop privs for the time being
        ##############################################################
        # args += [
        #     '--user', getpass.getuser(),
        #     '--group', grp.getgrgid(os.getgroups()[-1]).gr_name
        # ]

        if socket_port == "unix":  # that's always the case for linux
            args += ["--management-client-user", getpass.getuser()]

        args += ["--management-signal", "--management", socket_host, socket_port, "--script-security", "2"]

        plugin_path = self.maybe_down_plugin()
        # If we do not have the down plugin neither in the bundle
        # nor in the system, we do not do updown scripts. The alternative
        # is leaving the user without the ability to restore dns and routes
        # to its original state.

        if plugin_path and _has_updown_scripts(self.UP_DOWN_PATH):
            args += [
                "--up",
                self.UP_DOWN_PATH,
                "--down",
                self.UP_DOWN_PATH,
                ##############################################################
                # For the time being we are disabling the usage of the
                # down-root plugin, because it doesn't quite work as
                # expected (i.e. it doesn't run route -del as root
                # when finishing, so it fails to properly
                # restart/quit)
                ##############################################################
                # '--plugin', plugin_path,
                # '\'script_type=down %s\'' % self.UP_DOWN_PATH
            ]

        args += [
            "--cert",
            eipconfig.get_client_cert_path(providerconfig),
            "--key",
            eipconfig.get_client_cert_path(providerconfig),
            "--ca",
            providerconfig.get_ca_cert_path(),
        ]

        logger.debug("Running VPN with command:")
        logger.debug("%s %s" % (openvpn, " ".join(args)))

        return [openvpn] + args
 def test_correct_order_gmt(self):
     gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(self.eipconfig, 0)
     gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
     self.assertEqual(gateways, [ips[1], ips[3], ips[2], ips[4]])
 def test_get_no_gateways(self):
     gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(self.eipconfig)
     self.eipconfig.get_gateways = Mock(return_value=[])
     gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
     self.assertEqual(gateways, [])
    def get_vpn_command(kls, eipconfig, providerconfig,
                        socket_host, socket_port, openvpn_verb=1):
        """
        Returns the platform dependant vpn launching command

        Might raise:
            OpenVPNNotFoundException,
            VPNLauncherException.

        :param eipconfig: eip configuration object
        :type eipconfig: EIPConfig
        :param providerconfig: provider specific configuration
        :type providerconfig: ProviderConfig
        :param socket_host: either socket path (unix) or socket IP
        :type socket_host: str
        :param socket_port: either string "unix" if it's a unix socket,
                            or port otherwise
        :type socket_port: str
        :param openvpn_verb: the openvpn verbosity wanted
        :type openvpn_verb: int

        :return: A VPN command ready to be launched.
        :rtype: list
        """
        leap_assert_type(eipconfig, EIPConfig)
        leap_assert_type(providerconfig, ProviderConfig)

        kwargs = {}
        if flags.STANDALONE:
            kwargs['path_extension'] = os.path.join(
                get_path_prefix(), "..", "apps", "eip")

        openvpn_possibilities = which(kls.OPENVPN_BIN, **kwargs)
        if len(openvpn_possibilities) == 0:
            raise OpenVPNNotFoundException()

        openvpn = first(openvpn_possibilities)
        args = []

        args += [
            '--setenv', "LEAPOPENVPN", "1",
            '--nobind'
        ]

        if openvpn_verb is not None:
            args += ['--verb', '%d' % (openvpn_verb,)]

        gateways = []
        leap_settings = LeapSettings()
        domain = providerconfig.get_domain()
        gateway_conf = leap_settings.get_selected_gateway(domain)

        if gateway_conf == leap_settings.GATEWAY_AUTOMATIC:
            gateway_selector = VPNGatewaySelector(eipconfig)
            gateways = gateway_selector.get_gateways()
        else:
            gateways = [gateway_conf]

        if not gateways:
            logger.error('No gateway was found!')
            raise VPNLauncherException('No gateway was found!')

        logger.debug("Using gateways ips: {0}".format(', '.join(gateways)))

        for gw in gateways:
            args += ['--remote', gw, '1194', 'udp']

        args += [
            '--client',
            '--dev', 'tun',
            ##############################################################
            # persist-tun makes ping-restart fail because it leaves a
            # broken routing table
            ##############################################################
            # '--persist-tun',
            '--persist-key',
            '--tls-client',
            '--remote-cert-tls',
            'server'
        ]

        openvpn_configuration = eipconfig.get_openvpn_configuration()
        for key, value in openvpn_configuration.items():
            args += ['--%s' % (key,), value]

        user = getpass.getuser()

        ##############################################################
        # The down-root plugin fails in some situations, so we don't
        # drop privs for the time being
        ##############################################################
        # args += [
        #     '--user', user,
        #     '--group', grp.getgrgid(os.getgroups()[-1]).gr_name
        # ]

        if socket_port == "unix":  # that's always the case for linux
            args += [
                '--management-client-user', user
            ]

        args += [
            '--management-signal',
            '--management', socket_host, socket_port,
            '--script-security', '2'
        ]

        if kls.UP_SCRIPT is not None:
            if _has_updown_scripts(kls.UP_SCRIPT):
                args += [
                    '--up', '\"%s\"' % (kls.UP_SCRIPT,),
                ]

        if kls.DOWN_SCRIPT is not None:
            if _has_updown_scripts(kls.DOWN_SCRIPT):
                args += [
                    '--down', '\"%s\"' % (kls.DOWN_SCRIPT,)
                ]

        ###########################################################
        # For the time being we are disabling the usage of the
        # down-root plugin, because it doesn't quite work as
        # expected (i.e. it doesn't run route -del as root
        # when finishing, so it fails to properly
        # restart/quit)
        ###########################################################
        # if _has_updown_scripts(kls.OPENVPN_DOWN_PLUGIN):
        #     args += [
        #         '--plugin', kls.OPENVPN_DOWN_ROOT,
        #         '\'%s\'' % kls.DOWN_SCRIPT  # for OSX
        #         '\'script_type=down %s\'' % kls.DOWN_SCRIPT  # for Linux
        #     ]

        args += [
            '--cert', eipconfig.get_client_cert_path(providerconfig),
            '--key', eipconfig.get_client_cert_path(providerconfig),
            '--ca', providerconfig.get_ca_cert_path()
        ]

        args += [
            '--ping', '10',
            '--ping-restart', '30']

        command_and_args = [openvpn] + args
        return command_and_args