def check_balance(m, market, user):
market.ether_token_contract.balanceOf(user.account.address)
for state in m.ready_states:
world = state.platform
balance_of_tx = world.human_transactions[-1]
last_return = ABI.deserialize("uint", balance_of_tx.return_data)
m.generate_testcase(state,
name=f"BugFound_{user.name}",
only_if=last_return >= user.initial_supply)
def DFS(self):
for fun_name, entries in root.get_functions().items():
if len(entries) > 1:
sig = entries[0].signature[len(name):]
raise EthereumError(
f'Function: `{name}` has multiple signatures but `signature` is not '
f'defined! Example: `account.{name}(..., signature="{sig}")`\n'
f'Known signatures: {[entry.signature[len(name):] for entry in self._hashes[name]]}')
print(fun_name, entries[0].signature)
variables_type = entries[0].signature.split("(")[1].replace(")","").split(",")
argv = []
for var_type in variables_type:
var = create_new_var(var_type)
argv.append(var)
tx_data = ABI.function_call(str(entries[0].signature), *argv)
m.transaction(caller=malicious_account,
address=root.contract.address,
value=0,
data=tx_data,
gas=0xffffffffffff)
from manticore.ethereum.abi import ABI
ETHER = 10**18
m = ManticoreEVM() # initiate the blockchain
# Generate the accounts
user_account = m.create_account(balance=1000 * ETHER)
with open('exercise_2.sol') as f:
contract = m.solidity_create_contract(f, owner=user_account)
#First add won't overflow uint256 representation
value_0 = m.make_symbolic_value()
contract.add(value_0, caller=user_account)
#Potential overflow
value_1 = m.make_symbolic_value()
contract.add(value_1, caller=user_account)
contract.sellerBalance(caller=user_account)
for state in m.ready_states:
# Check if input0 > sellerBalance
# last_return is the data returned
sellerBalance_tx = state.platform.transactions[-1]
# retrieve last_return and input0 in a similar format
seller_balance = ABI.deserialize("uint", sellerBalance_tx.return_data)
condition = Operators.UGT(value_0, seller_balance)
if m.generate_testcase(state, name="BugFound", only_if=condition):
print(f'Bug found, results are in {m.workspace}')
def manticore_verifier(
source_code,
contract_name,
maxfail=None,
maxt=3,
maxcov=100,
deployer=None,
senders=None,
psender=None,
propre=r"crytic_.*",
compile_args=None,
outputspace_url=None,
timeout=100,
):
""" Verify solidity properties
The results are dumped to stdout and to the workspace folder.
$manticore-verifier property.sol --contract TestToken --smt.solver yices --maxt 4
# Owner account: 0xf3c67ffb8ab4cdd4d3243ad247d0641cd24af939
# Contract account: 0x6f4b51ac2eb017600e9263085cfa06f831132c72
# Sender_0 account: 0x97528a0c7c6592772231fd581e5b42125c1a2ff4
# PSender account: 0x97528a0c7c6592772231fd581e5b42125c1a2ff4
# Found 2 properties: crytic_test_must_revert, crytic_test_balance
# Exploration will stop when some of the following happens:
# * 4 human transaction sent
# * Code coverage is greater than 100% meassured on target contract
# * No more coverage was gained in the last transaction
# * At least 2 different properties where found to be breakable. (1 for fail fast)
# * 240 seconds pass
# Starting exploration...
Transactions done: 0. States: 1, RT Coverage: 0.0%, Failing properties: 0/2
Transactions done: 1. States: 2, RT Coverage: 55.43%, Failing properties: 0/2
Transactions done: 2. States: 8, RT Coverage: 80.48%, Failing properties: 1/2
Transactions done: 3. States: 30, RT Coverage: 80.48%, Failing properties: 1/2
No coverage progress. Stopping exploration.
Coverage obtained 80.48%. (RT + prop)
+-------------------------+------------+
| Property Named | Status |
+-------------------------+------------+
| crytic_test_balance | failed (0) |
| crytic_test_must_revert | passed |
+-------------------------+------------+
Checkout testcases here:./mcore_6jdil7nh
:param maxfail: stop after maxfail properties are failing. All if None
:param maxcov: Stop after maxcov % coverage is obtained in the main contract
:param maxt: Max transaction count to explore
:param deployer: (optional) address of account used to deploy the contract
:param senders: (optional) a list of calles addresses for the exploration
:param psender: (optional) address from where the property is tested
:param source_code: A filename or source code
:param contract_name: The target contract name defined in the source code
:param propre: A regular expression for selecting properties
:param outputspace_url: where to put the extended result
:param timeout: timeout in seconds
:return:
"""
# Termination condition
# Exploration will stop when some of the following happens:
# * MAXTX human transaction sent
# * Code coverage is greater than MAXCOV meassured on target contract
# * No more coverage was gained in the last transaction
# * At least MAXFAIL different properties where found to be breakable. (1 for fail fast)
# Max transaction count to explore
MAXTX = maxt
# Max coverage % to get
MAXCOV = maxcov
# Max different properties fails
MAXFAIL = maxfail
config.get_group("smt").timeout = 120
config.get_group("smt").memory = 16384
config.get_group("evm").ignore_balance = True
config.get_group("evm").oog = "ignore"
print("# Welcome to manticore-verifier")
# Main manticore manager object
m = ManticoreEVM()
# avoid all human level tx that are marked as constant (have no effect on the storage)
filter_out_human_constants = FilterFunctions(regexp=r".*",
depth="human",
mutability="constant",
include=False)
m.register_plugin(filter_out_human_constants)
filter_out_human_constants.disable()
# Avoid automatically exploring property
filter_no_crytic = FilterFunctions(regexp=propre, include=False)
m.register_plugin(filter_no_crytic)
filter_no_crytic.disable()
# Only explore properties (at human level)
filter_only_crytic = FilterFunctions(regexp=propre,
depth="human",
fallback=False,
include=True)
m.register_plugin(filter_only_crytic)
filter_only_crytic.disable()
# And now make the contract account to analyze
# User accounts. Transactions trying to break the property are send from one
# of this
senders = (None, ) if senders is None else senders
user_accounts = []
for n, address_i in enumerate(senders):
user_accounts.append(
m.create_account(balance=10**10,
address=address_i,
name=f"sender_{n}"))
# the address used for deployment
owner_account = m.create_account(balance=10**10,
address=deployer,
name="deployer")
# the target contract account
contract_account = m.solidity_create_contract(
source_code,
owner=owner_account,
contract_name=contract_name,
compile_args=compile_args,
name="contract_account",
)
# the address used for checking porperties
checker_account = m.create_account(balance=10**10,
address=psender,
name="psender")
print(f"# Owner account: 0x{int(owner_account):x}")
print(f"# Contract account: 0x{int(contract_account):x}")
for n, user_account in enumerate(user_accounts):
print(f"# Sender_{n} account: 0x{int(user_account):x}")
print(f"# PSender account: 0x{int(checker_account):x}")
properties = {}
md = m.get_metadata(contract_account)
for func_hsh in md.function_selectors:
func_name = md.get_abi(func_hsh)["name"]
if re.match(propre, func_name):
properties[func_name] = []
print(
f"# Found {len(properties)} properties: {', '.join(properties.keys())}"
)
if not properties:
print("I am sorry I had to run the init bytecode for this.\n"
"Good Bye.")
return
MAXFAIL = len(properties) if MAXFAIL is None else MAXFAIL
tx_num = 0 # transactions count
current_coverage = None # obtained coverge %
new_coverage = 0.0
print(f"""# Exploration will stop when some of the following happens:
# * {MAXTX} human transaction sent
# * Code coverage is greater than {MAXCOV}% meassured on target contract
# * No more coverage was gained in the last transaction
# * At least {MAXFAIL} different properties where found to be breakable. (1 for fail fast)
# * {timeout} seconds pass""")
print("# Starting exploration...")
print(
f"Transactions done: {tx_num}. States: {m.count_ready_states()}, RT Coverage: {0.00}%, "
f"Failing properties: 0/{len(properties)}")
with m.kill_timeout(timeout=timeout):
while not m.is_killed():
# check if we found a way to break more than MAXFAIL properties
broken_properties = sum(
int(len(x) != 0) for x in properties.values())
if broken_properties >= MAXFAIL:
print(
f"Found {broken_properties}/{len(properties)} failing properties. Stopping exploration."
)
break
# check if we sent more than MAXTX transaction
if tx_num >= MAXTX:
print(f"Max number of transactions reached ({tx_num})")
break
tx_num += 1
# check if we got enough coverage
new_coverage = m.global_coverage(contract_account)
if new_coverage >= MAXCOV:
print(
f"Current coverage({new_coverage}%) is greater than max allowed ({MAXCOV}%). Stopping exploration."
)
break
# check if we have made coverage progress in the last transaction
if current_coverage == new_coverage:
print(f"No coverage progress. Stopping exploration.")
break
current_coverage = new_coverage
# Make sure we didn't time out before starting first transaction
if m.is_killed():
print("Cancelled or timeout.")
break
# Explore all methods but the "crytic_" properties
# Note: you may be tempted to get all valid function ids/hashes from the
# metadata and to constrain the first 4 bytes of the calldata here.
# This wont work because we also want to prevent the contract to call
# crytic added methods as internal transactions
filter_no_crytic.enable() # filter out crytic_porperties
filter_out_human_constants.enable() # Exclude constant methods
filter_only_crytic.disable(
) # Exclude all methods that are not property checks
symbolic_data = m.make_symbolic_buffer(320)
symbolic_value = m.make_symbolic_value()
caller_account = m.make_symbolic_value(160)
args = tuple(
(caller_account == address_i for address_i in user_accounts))
m.constrain(OR(*args, False))
m.transaction(
caller=caller_account,
address=contract_account,
value=symbolic_value,
data=symbolic_data,
)
# check if timeout was requested during the previous transaction
if m.is_killed():
print("Cancelled or timeout.")
break
m.clear_terminated_states() # no interest in reverted states
m.take_snapshot() # make a copy of all ready states
print(
f"Transactions done: {tx_num}. States: {m.count_ready_states()}, "
f"RT Coverage: {m.global_coverage(contract_account):3.2f}%, "
f"Failing properties: {broken_properties}/{len(properties)}")
# check if timeout was requested while we were taking the snapshot
if m.is_killed():
print("Cancelled or timeout.")
break
# And now explore all properties (and only the properties)
filter_no_crytic.disable() # Allow crytic_porperties
filter_out_human_constants.disable(
) # Allow them to be marked as constants
filter_only_crytic.enable(
) # Exclude all methods that are not property checks
symbolic_data = m.make_symbolic_buffer(4)
m.transaction(caller=checker_account,
address=contract_account,
value=0,
data=symbolic_data)
for state in m.all_states:
world = state.platform
tx = world.human_transactions[-1]
md = m.get_metadata(tx.address)
"""
A is _broken_ if:
* is normal property
* RETURN False
OR:
* property name ends with 'revert'
* does not REVERT
Property is considered to _pass_ otherwise
"""
N = constrain_to_known_func_ids(state)
for func_id in map(bytes, state.solve_n(tx.data[:4],
nsolves=N)):
func_name = md.get_abi(func_id)["name"]
if not func_name.endswith("revert"):
# Property does not ends in "revert"
# It must RETURN a 1
if tx.return_value == 1:
# TODO: test when property STOPs
return_data = ABI.deserialize(
"bool", tx.return_data)
testcase = m.generate_testcase(
state,
f"property {md.get_func_name(func_id)} is broken",
only_if=AND(tx.data[:4] == func_id,
return_data == 0),
)
if testcase:
properties[func_name].append(testcase.num)
else:
# property name ends in "revert" so it MUST revert
if tx.result != "REVERT":
testcase = m.generate_testcase(
state,
f"Some property is broken did not reverted.(MUST REVERTED)",
only_if=tx.data[:4] == func_id,
)
if testcase:
properties[func_name].append(testcase.num)
m.clear_terminated_states(
) # no interest in reverted states for now!
m.goto_snapshot()
else:
print("Cancelled or timeout.")
m.clear_terminated_states()
m.clear_ready_states()
m.clear_snapshot()
if m.is_killed():
print("Exploration ended by CTRL+C or timeout")
print(f"Coverage obtained {new_coverage:3.2f}%. (RT + prop)")
x = PrettyTable()
x.field_names = ["Property Named", "Status"]
for name, testcases in sorted(properties.items()):
result = "passed"
if testcases:
result = f"failed ({testcases[0]})"
x.add_row((name, result))
print(x)
m.clear_ready_states()
workspace = os.path.abspath(m.workspace)[len(os.getcwd()) + 1:]
print(f"Checkout testcases here:./{workspace}")
print("[+] Creating a attacker account", hex(attacker_account.address))
market.ether_token_contract.deposit(value=attacker_balance,
caller=attacker_account)
market.ether_token_contract.approve(market.reserve_contract,
attacker_balance,
caller=attacker_account)
market.market_token_contract.approve(market.voting_contract,
attacker_balance,
caller=attacker_account)
#value = m.make_symbolic_value(name="attacker_to_buy")
market.reserve_contract.support(100 * ONE_GWEI, caller=attacker_account)
market.listing_contract.challenge(user_list_hash, caller=attacker_account)
increase_timestamp(m, 32)
market.listing_contract.resolveChallenge(user_list_hash,
caller=attacker_account)
market.voting_contract.getStake(user_list_hash, market.ether_token_owner)
for state in m.ready_states:
world = state.platform
last_tx = world.human_transactions[-1]
stake = ABI.deserialize("uint", last_tx.return_data)
print("stake:", stake)
m.generate_testcase(state, name="BugFound", only_if=stake != 2)
print(f"[+] Look for results in {m.workspace}")
market.datatrust_contract.listingAccessed(listing_hash,
delivery_hash,
delivery_amount,
caller=backend_user)
print("[+] listingAccessed called")
market.listing_contract.claimBytesAccessed(listing_hash, caller=listing)
print("[+] claimBytesAccessed called")
delivery_url = bytes.fromhex("0001")
market.datatrust_contract.delivered(delivery_hash,
delivery_url,
caller=backend_user)
print("[+] delivered called")
market.ether_token_contract.balanceOf(market.datatrust_contract.address)
for state in m.ready_states:
world = state.platform
balance_of_tx = world.human_transactions[-1]
last_return = ABI.deserialize("uint", balance_of_tx.return_data)
m.generate_testcase(state, name="BugFound", only_if=last_return >= 1)
print(f"[+] Look for results in {m.workspace}")
# contract.setOwner(addr, caller=owner, value=0)
# contract.owner()
symbolic_value = m.make_symbolic_value()
symbolic_data = m.make_symbolic_buffer(320)
m.transaction(
caller=attacker,
address=contract.address,
data=symbolic_data,
value=symbolic_value
)
contract.owner()
bug_found = False
for state in m.all_states:
tx = state.platform.transactions[-1]
if tx.result in ["REVERT", "INVALID"]:
continue
new_owner = ABI.deserialize("address", tx.return_data)
print(owner, new_owner)
condition = new_owner != owner
if m.generate_testcase(state, name="Pwn", only_if=condition):
print(new_owner, owner)
print(f'Pwn! see {m.workspace}')
bug_found = True
if not bug_found:
print("No bug found")