def find_ground_level(world, pos, percent_ground=0.65, search_size=3):
"""Returns a location in the y axis where the percentage of non
air blocks to air blocks exceeds the specified value. Searches
from the specified x, z coordinates from the top of the world
downward."""
if len(pos) > 2:
raise ValueError("Only specify x and z coordinates for position")
bb= world.getWorldBounds()
# Make posistion for view such that the specified position will be in
# the middle. View extends from bottom to top of world
pos = array((pos[0], bb.miny, pos[1]))
pos += array((-round(search_size/2), 0, -round(search_size/2)))
# Create a view around the search location
search_view = MapView(world, (search_size, bb.maxy, search_size), pos)
search_data = search_view.map_data()
# First index in y dimension where the search view is not all air
where_no_air = where(search_view.map_data() != 0)
ground_idx = min(where_no_air[1]) - 1
ground_per = 0
while ground_idx < bb.maxy and ground_per < percent_ground:
ground_per = len(where(search_data[:, ground_idx, :] != 0)[0]) / float(search_size*search_size)
ground_idx += 1
return search_view.view[0, ground_idx, 0][1]
def __init__(self, mc):
self.mc = mc
self.calculator = DistanceCalculator()
myMotionCommander = MotionCommander(self.mc)
self.cap = cv2.VideoCapture("video_localizacao.webm")
CenterLimitH = [305, 335]
self.savedX = 50
self.savedY = 0
self.savedAlpha = 180
self.savedBeta = 90
self.map_view = MapView()
def __init__(self, X, P):
'''
self.X = posição do robo e dos marcadores
self.P = covariancia dos robos e marcadores
self.markers = marcadores descobertos e salvos
'''
self.X = X #Estado inicial
self.X_pred = self.X.copy()
self.P = P
self.calculator = DistanceCalculator()
self.markers = [] #lista de marcadores salvos
self.mapView = MapView()
def player_tunnel(world, player, **kwargs):
"""Make a tunnel starting at player locating in the same visual direction"""
# Extract player posistion and yaw from NBT file
player_pos, player_yaw = get_player_pos_yaw(player)
# Get closest yaw to something divisible by 90 deg
player_yaw = radians(90*round(degrees(player_yaw)/90))
# Set up view object we will use to move through the world
cave_view = MapView(world, tunnel_pattern.shape, player_pos, yaw=player_yaw)
# Move starting point centered in front of player,
# a bit in front and a bit down
cave_view.translate_relative((floor(tunnel_pattern.shape[2]/2.0), -floor(tunnel_pattern.shape[1]/2.0), tunnel_pattern.shape[0]))
make_cave(cave_view, tunnel_pattern, **kwargs)
class Trajetoria():
def __init__(self, mc):
self.mc = mc
self.calculator = DistanceCalculator()
myMotionCommander = MotionCommander(self.mc)
self.cap = cv2.VideoCapture("video_localizacao.webm")
CenterLimitH = [305, 335]
self.savedX = 50
self.savedY = 0
self.savedAlpha = 180
self.savedBeta = 90
self.map_view = MapView()
def video(self):
cont = 0
while (self.cap.isOpened()):
ret, frame = self.cap.read()
if (frame is None):
break
if (cont % 3 == 0):
thread = threading.Thread(target=self.calculator.processImage,
args=(frame, ))
#set time
thread.setDaemon(True)
thread.start()
if (cont % 15 == 0):
self.calculator.mediaDistance()
self.map_view.updateMap(self.calculator.distance_x,
self.calculator.distance_y,
self.calculator.alpha)
self.calculator.writeDistance(frame)
self.frame = frame
#cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
cont += 1
time.sleep(0.04)
#if cv2.waitKey(10) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
#break
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
def savePosition(self):
self.savedX = self.calculator.distance_x
self.savedY = self.calculator.distance_y
self.savedAlpha = self.calculator.alpha
self.savedBeta = self.calculator.beta
def correctPosition(self):
delta_x = self.savedX - self.calculator.distance_x
delta_y = self.savedY - self.calculator.distance_y
delta_alpha = self.savedAlpha - self.calculator.alpha
print(delta_x, delta_y, self.calculator.alpha)
alpha_rad = self.calculator.alpha * math.pi / 180
# mudança de coordenadas para o drone
frente = delta_x * math.cos(alpha_rad) + delta_y * math.sin(alpha_rad)
esquerda = -delta_x * math.sin(alpha_rad) + delta_y * math.cos(
alpha_rad)
print(frente, esquerda, delta_alpha)
mc.move_distance(frente / 100, esquerda / 100, 0, velocity=0.3)
time.sleep(1)
if (delta_alpha > 0):
mc.turn_left(delta_alpha)
if (delta_alpha < 0):
mc.turn_right(-delta_alpha)
time.sleep(1)
alpha_rad = self.calculator.alpha * math.pi / 180
# mudança de coordenadas para o drone
frente = delta_x * math.cos(alpha_rad) + delta_y * math.sin(alpha_rad)
esquerda = -delta_x * math.sin(alpha_rad) + delta_y * math.cos(
alpha_rad)
print(frente, esquerda, delta_alpha)
mc.move_distance(frente / 100, esquerda / 100, 0, velocity=0.3)
time.sleep(1)
if (delta_alpha > 0):
mc.turn_left(delta_alpha)
if (delta_alpha < 0):
mc.turn_right(-delta_alpha)
time.sleep(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
trajetoria = Trajetoria(None)
mapView = MapView()
thread = threading.Thread(target=trajetoria.video)
thread.setDaemon(True)
thread.start()
time.sleep(3)
while (True):
cv2.imshow("frame", trajetoria.frame)
cv2.imshow("mapa", trajetoria.map_view.map)
if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
break
class Ekf:
def __init__(self, X, P):
'''
self.X = posição do robo e dos marcadores
self.P = covariancia dos robos e marcadores
self.markers = marcadores descobertos e salvos
'''
self.X = X #Estado inicial
self.X_pred = self.X.copy()
self.P = P
self.calculator = DistanceCalculator()
self.markers = [] #lista de marcadores salvos
self.mapView = MapView()
def predict(self, U):
'''
================================================================================
X = F*X + U
P' = F*P'*F_t + Q
X = posição dos robos e marcadores
P = covariancia dos robos e marcadores
P' = matrix 3x3, no início de P
F = função de próximo Estado
U = deslocamento
===============================================================================
'''
delta_t = U[0]
theta = self.X[2] * 3.14 / 180
F = np.array([[1., 0., 0], [0., 1., 0],
[0., 0., 1.]]) #Função de próximo estado
Q = np.array([[3., 0., 0], [0., 3., 0], [0., 0.,
5.]]) #Incerteza do movimento
#atualiza posição
self.X[:3] = np.dot(F, self.X[:3]) + U
#atualiza Covariancia do robo
P_rr = self.P[:3, [0, 1, 2]] #matrix 3x3
self.P[:3, [0, 1, 2]] = np.dot(np.dot(F, P_rr), F.transpose()) + Q
#atualiza Covariancia dos marcadores
for j in range(len(self.markers)):
P_ri = self.P[:3, [3 + 2 * j, 4 + 2 * j]]
self.P[:3, [3 + 2 * j, 4 + 2 * j]] = np.dot(F, P_ri)
self.P[3 + 2 * j:5 + 2 * j, [0, 1, 2]] = np.dot(F,
P_ri).transpose()
self.X_pred = self.X[:3].copy()
def update(self, medidas, foundMarker):
'''
================================================================================
S = H*P*H_t + R
K = P*H_t*S_inv
Y = Z - H*X_pred
X = X + K*Y
P = (I - K*H)*P
H = função de medida
R = Erro na medida
S = covariancia de inovacao
K = Ganho de kalman
Z = distancia e angulo do marcador
Y = Erro
================================================================================
'''
newMarker = []
newMarkerPose = []
R = np.array([[5., 0., 0], [0., 5., 0], [0., 0., 5]]) #Erro na medida
for i in range(len(foundMarker)):
I = np.identity(self.P.shape[0]) #identidade
print(foundMarker)
#marcador conhecido
if foundMarker[i] in self.markers:
#definição das matrizes
Z = medidas[i][np.newaxis].transpose()
H = self.defineH(foundMarker[i])
Z_pred = self.measurePredict(foundMarker[i])
print("Z: ", Z)
print("Z_pred", Z_pred)
#equações do EKF
S = np.dot(np.dot(H, self.P), H.transpose()) + R
K = np.dot(np.dot(self.P, H.transpose()), inv(S))
Y = Z - Z_pred
self.X = self.X + np.dot(K, Y)
self.P = np.dot((I - np.dot(K, H)), self.P)
#marcador desconhecido
else:
print("novo marcador", foundMarker[i])
newMarker.append(foundMarker[i])
newMarkerPose.append(self.findMarkerPose(self.X, medidas[i]))
self.addNewMarker(newMarker, newMarkerPose)
def addNewMarker(self, newMarker, newMarkerPose):
'''
===============================================================================
Adiciona novos marcadores
X = [X] + [x_n, y_n]
P_nn = Jxr* P'* Jxr_t +
Jz* R* Jz_t
P_rn = P' *Jxr_t
P_in = P_ir * Jxr_t
===============================================================================
'''
R = np.array([[5., 0., 0], [0., 5., 0], [0., 0., 5]]) #Erro na medida
theta = self.X[2] * 3.14 / 180
J_xr = np.array([[1., 0., 0.], [0., 1., 0.], [0., 0., 1]]) #
J_z = np.array([[math.cos(theta), 0., 0], [math.sin(theta), 1., 0],
[0, 1., -1]]) #
for i in range(len(newMarker)):
n_markers = len(self.markers)
'''
adiciona em X
'''
self.X = np.append(self.X,
[[newMarkerPose[i][0]], [newMarkerPose[i][1]],
[newMarkerPose[i][2]]],
axis=0)
'''
adiciona coluna na matrix P
'''
P_rr = self.P[:3, [0, 1, 2]] #matrix 3x3
P_rn = np.dot(P_rr, J_xr.transpose())
P_coluna = P_rn
for j in range(n_markers):
P_ir = self.P[3 + 2 * j:6 + 2 * j, [0, 1, 2]]
P_in = np.dot(P_ir, J_xr.transpose())
P_coluna = np.append(P_coluna, P_in, axis=0)
self.P = np.append(self.P, P_coluna, axis=1)
'''
Adiciona linha na matrix P
'''
#P_nn = J_xr*P_rr*Jt_xr + J_z*R*Jt_z
P_nn = (np.dot(np.dot(J_xr, P_rr), J_xr.transpose()) +
np.dot(np.dot(J_z, R), J_z.transpose()))
P_linha = P_coluna.transpose()
P_linha = np.append(P_linha, P_nn, axis=1)
self.P = np.append(self.P, P_linha, axis=0)
#adiciona o novo marcador na lista de marcadores salvo
self.markers.append(newMarker[i])
def defineH(self, id):
'''
================================================================================
Dada a identidade de um marcador, devolve a matriz H
referente a esse marcador. O marcador já deve ter
sido contabilizado em X
================================================================================
'''
n_marker = self.markers.index(id)
x_marker = self.X[3 + 3 * n_marker][0]
y_marker = self.X[4 + 3 * n_marker][0]
x = self.X[0][0]
y = self.X[1][0]
r = math.sqrt((x - x_marker) * (x - x_marker) + (y - y_marker) *
(y - y_marker))
a = (x - x_marker) / r
b = (y - y_marker) / r
d = (y_marker - y) / (r * r)
e = (x_marker - x) / (r * r)
H = np.array([[a, b, 0.], [d, e, -1], [0., 0.,
-1.]]) #Função de medida
for i in range(n_marker):
A = np.zeros((3, 3))
H = np.append(H, A, axis=1)
A = np.array([[-a, -b, 0], [-d, -e, -1], [0., 0., 0]])
H = np.append(H, A, axis=1)
for i in range(len(self.markers) - n_marker - 1):
A = np.zeros((3, 3))
H = np.append(H, A, axis=1)
return H
def findMarkerPose(self, X, D):
'''
================================================================================
Dado a posição do drone, e a distância relativa do marcador com
o drone, devolve a posição global do marcador
================================================================================
'''
# print("D", D)
alpha = X[2] * 3.14 / 180
theta = D[1] * 3.14 / 180
#vetor do marcador na coordenada do drone
x_drone = D[0] * math.cos(theta)
y_drone = D[0] * math.sin(theta)
#vetor do marcador na coordenada do mundo
x_world = x_drone * math.cos(alpha) - y_drone * math.sin(alpha)
y_world = x_drone * math.sin(alpha) + y_drone * math.cos(alpha)
beta = D[2] + X[2] - 180
markerPose = [X[0][0] + x_world, X[1][0] + y_world, beta]
return markerPose
def measurePredict(self, id):
'''
================================================================================
dado um id de um marcador, calcula a medida esperada
do robo em relação a esse marcador
================================================================================
'''
n_marker = self.markers.index(id)
# print(n_marker)
x = self.X[0][0]
y = self.X[1][0]
alpha = self.X[2][0]
x_marker = self.X[3 + 3 * n_marker][0]
y_marker = self.X[4 + 3 * n_marker][0]
beta = 180 - alpha + self.X[5 + 3 * n_marker][0]
print("x_marker", x_marker)
print("y_marker", y_marker)
print("x", x)
print("y", y)
r = math.sqrt((x - x_marker) * (x - x_marker) + (y - y_marker) *
(y - y_marker))
if (x_marker > x):
theta_aux = math.atan((y_marker - y) / (x_marker - x))
theta_aux = theta_aux * 180 / 3.14
theta = theta_aux - self.X[2][0]
elif (x_marker < x):
theta_aux = math.atan((y_marker - y) / (x - x_marker))
theta_aux = theta_aux * 180 / 3.14
theta = (180 - theta_aux) - self.X[2][0]
Z_pred = [[r], [theta], [beta]]
return Z_pred
def useEkf(self, img, desl):
medidas, ids = self.calculator.processImage(img)
print("move forward")
self.predict(desl)
print("predict\n", self.X)
#print(ekf.P)
self.mapView.updateMap(self.X)
#input("tecle ENTER")
self.update(medidas, ids)
print("update\n", self.X)
#print(ekf.P)
self.mapView.updateMap(self.X)
input("tecle ENTER")
class Ekf:
def __init__(self, X, P):
"""
self.X = posição do robo e dos marcadores
self.P = covariancia dos robos e marcadores
self.markers = marcadores descobertos e salvos
"""
self.X = X #Estado inicial
self.X_pred = self.X.copy()
self.P = P
self.calculator = DistanceCalculator()
self.markers = [] #lista de marcadores salvos
self.cont = 0
self.mapView = MapView()
def predict(self, desl):
"""
================================================================================
X = F*X + U
P' = F*P'*F_t + Q
X = posição dos robos e marcadores
P = covariancia dos robos e marcadores
P' = matrix 3x3, no início de P
F = função de próximo Estado
U = deslocamento
===============================================================================
"""
U = self.transform_deslocamento(desl)
theta = self.X[2] * 3.14 / 180
A = np.array([[1., 0., 0], [0., 1., 0], [0., 0., 1.]])
c = 0.1
'''
Q = c*np.array([[U[0][0]*U[0][0], U[0][0]*U[1][0], U[0][0]*U[2][0] ],
[U[0][0]*U[1][0], U[1][0]*U[1][0], U[1][0]*U[2][0] ],
[U[0][0]*U[2][0], U[1][0]*U[2][0], U[2][0]*U[2][0]]]) #Incerteza do movimento
'''
Q = np.abs(
np.array([[U[0][0] * c, 0., 0], [0., U[1][0] * c, 0],
[0., 0., U[2][0] * c]])) #Incerteza do movimento
#atualiza posição
self.X[:3] = self.X[:3] + U
#atualiza Covariancia do robo
P_rr = self.P[:3, [0, 1, 2]] #matrix 3x3
self.P[:3, [0, 1, 2]] = np.dot(np.dot(A, P_rr), A.transpose()) + Q
#atualiza Covariancia dos marcadores com relação ao robo
for j in range(len(self.markers)):
P_ri = self.P[:3, [3 + 2 * j, 4 + 2 * j, 5 + 2 * j]]
P_line = np.dot(np.dot(A, P_ri), A.transpose())
self.P[:3, [3 + 2 * j, 4 + 2 * j, 5 + 2 * j]] = P_line
self.P[3 + 2 * j:6 + 2 * j, [0, 1, 2]] = P_line.transpose()
self.X_pred = self.X.copy()
def update(self, medidas, foundMarker):
"""
================================================================================
S = H*P*H_t + R
K = P*H_t*S_inv
Y = Z - H*X_pred
X = X + K*Y
P = (I - K*H)*P
H = função de medida
R = Erro na medida
S = covariancia de inovacao
K = Ganho de kalman
Z = distancia e angulo do marcador
Y = Erro
================================================================================
"""
newMarker = []
newMarkerPose = []
newMarkerError = []
for i in range(len(foundMarker)):
I = np.identity(self.P.shape[0]) #identidade
Z = medidas[i][np.newaxis].transpose()
#Erro na medida
c = 0.1
R = np.array([[Z[0][0] * c, 0., 0], [0., 5, 0], [0., 0., 5]])
print(foundMarker)
#marcador conhecido
if foundMarker[i] in self.markers:
#definição das matrizes
H = self.defineH(foundMarker[i])
Z_pred = self.measurePredict(foundMarker[i])
print("Z: ", Z)
print("Z_pred", Z_pred)
#equações do EKF
S = np.dot(np.dot(H, self.P), H.transpose()) + R
K = np.dot(np.dot(self.P, H.transpose()), inv(S))
Y = Z - Z_pred
self.X = self.X + np.dot(K, Y)
self.P = np.dot((I - np.dot(K, H)), self.P)
#marcador desconhecido
else:
print("novo marcador", foundMarker[i])
newMarker.append(foundMarker[i])
newMarkerPose.append(self.findMarkerPose(self.X, medidas[i]))
newMarkerError.append(R)
return newMarker, newMarkerPose, newMarkerError
def addNewMarker(self, newMarker, newMarkerPose, newMarkerError):
"""
===============================================================================
Adiciona novos marcadores
X = [X] + [x_n, y_n]
P_nn = Jxr* P'* Jxr_t +
Jz* R* Jz_t
P_rn = P' *Jxr_t
P_in = P_ir * Jxr_t
===============================================================================
"""
theta = self.X[2] * 3.14 / 180
J_xr = np.array([[1., 0., 0.], [0., 1., 0.], [0., 0., 1]]) #
J_z = np.array([[math.cos(theta), 0., 0], [math.sin(theta), 1., 0],
[0, 0., -1]]) #
for i in range(len(newMarker)):
R = newMarkerError[i]
n_markers = len(self.markers)
"""
adiciona em X
"""
self.X = np.append(self.X,
[[newMarkerPose[i][0]], [newMarkerPose[i][1]],
[newMarkerPose[i][2]]],
axis=0)
"""
adiciona coluna na matrix P
"""
P_rr = self.P[:3, [0, 1, 2]] #matrix 3x3
P_rn = np.dot(P_rr, J_xr.transpose())
P_coluna = P_rn
for j in range(n_markers):
P_ir = self.P[3 + 3 * j:6 + 3 * j, [0, 1, 2]]
P_in = np.dot(P_ir, J_xr.transpose())
P_coluna = np.append(P_coluna, P_in, axis=0)
self.P = np.append(self.P, P_coluna, axis=1)
"""
Adiciona linha na matrix P
"""
#P_nn = J_xr*P_rr*Jt_xr + J_z*R*Jt_z
P_nn = (np.dot(np.dot(J_xr, P_rr), J_xr.transpose()) +
np.dot(np.dot(J_z, R), J_z.transpose()))
P_linha = P_coluna.transpose()
P_linha = np.append(P_linha, P_nn, axis=1)
self.P = np.append(self.P, P_linha, axis=0)
#adiciona o novo marcador na lista de marcadores salvo
self.markers.append(newMarker[i])
def defineH(self, id):
"""
================================================================================
Dada a identidade de um marcador, devolve a matriz H
referente a esse marcador. O marcador já deve ter
sido contabilizado em X
================================================================================
"""
n_marker = self.markers.index(id)
x_marker = self.X[3 + 3 * n_marker][0]
y_marker = self.X[4 + 3 * n_marker][0]
x = self.X[0][0]
y = self.X[1][0]
r = math.sqrt((x - x_marker) * (x - x_marker) + (y - y_marker) *
(y - y_marker))
a = (x - x_marker) / r
b = (y - y_marker) / r
d = (y_marker - y) / (r * r)
e = (x_marker - x) / (r * r)
H = np.array([[a, b, 0.], [d, e, -1], [0., 0.,
-1.]]) #Função de medida
for i in range(n_marker):
A = np.zeros((3, 3))
H = np.append(H, A, axis=1)
A = np.array([[-a, -b, 0], [-d, -e, 1], [0., 0., 1]])
H = np.append(H, A, axis=1)
for i in range(len(self.markers) - n_marker - 1):
A = np.zeros((3, 3))
H = np.append(H, A, axis=1)
return H
def findMarkerPose(self, X, D):
"""
================================================================================
Dado a posição do drone, e a distância relativa do marcador com
o drone, devolve a posição global do marcador
================================================================================
"""
alpha = X[2] * 3.14 / 180
theta = D[1] * 3.14 / 180
#vetor do marcador na coordenada do drone
x_drone = D[0] * math.cos(theta)
y_drone = D[0] * math.sin(theta)
#vetor do marcador na coordenada do mundo
x_world = x_drone * math.cos(alpha) - y_drone * math.sin(alpha)
y_world = x_drone * math.sin(alpha) + y_drone * math.cos(alpha)
beta = D[2] + X[2][0] - 180
markerPose = [X[0][0] + x_world, X[1][0] + y_world, beta]
return markerPose
def measurePredict(self, id):
"""
================================================================================
dado um id de um marcador, calcula a medida esperada
do robo em relação a esse marcador
================================================================================
"""
n_marker = self.markers.index(id)
# print(n_marker)
x = self.X[0][0]
y = self.X[1][0]
alpha = self.X[2][0]
x_marker = self.X[3 + 3 * n_marker][0]
y_marker = self.X[4 + 3 * n_marker][0]
beta = 180 - alpha + self.X[5 + 3 * n_marker][0]
print("x_marker", x_marker)
print("y_marker", y_marker)
print("x", x)
print("y", y)
r = math.sqrt((x - x_marker) * (x - x_marker) + (y - y_marker) *
(y - y_marker))
theta_aux = math.atan((y_marker - y) / (x_marker - x))
theta_aux = theta_aux * 180 / 3.14
theta = theta_aux - self.X[2][0]
while (theta < -90):
theta += 180
while (theta > 90):
theta -= 180
Z_pred = [[r], [theta], [beta]]
return Z_pred
def transform_deslocamento(self, desl):
"""
================================================================================
transforma o deslocamento dada em coordenadas do drone para
coordenadas absolutas
drone:
frente +
esquerda +
sentido horário
absoluta:
y
^
|
| rotação no sentido horário
|
________> x
================================================================================
"""
alpha = self.X[2][0] * 3.14 / 180 #angulo do drone
alpha2 = (self.X[2][0] +
90) * 3.14 / 180 #angulo do movimento lateral do drone
x = desl[0] * math.cos(alpha) + desl[1] * math.cos(alpha2)
y = desl[0] * math.sin(alpha) + desl[1] * math.sin(alpha2)
theta = -desl[2]
print(desl)
return [[x], [y], [theta]]
def showP(self):
diagonal = np.diagonal(self.P)
cont = 0
for i in diagonal:
print("P[%d][%d]" % (cont, cont), i)
cont += 1
# if(cont == 3):
# break
def useEkf(self, img, desl):
self.cont += 1
print("\n\n", self.cont)
medidas, ids = self.calculator.processImage(img)
print("move forward")
self.predict(desl)
#print("predict\n",self.X)
#print(ekf.P)
self.mapView.updateMap(self.X)
#input("tecle ENTER")
newMarker, newMarkerPose, newMarkerError = self.update(medidas, ids)
self.addNewMarker(newMarker, newMarkerPose, newMarkerError)
print("update\n", self.X)
self.showP()
#print(np.allclose(self.P, self.P.T, atol=1e-8))
self.mapView.updateMap(self.X)