def test_create(self):
mesh = VAO("test", mode=moderngl.LINES)
mesh.buffer(numpy.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0], dtype='f4'), '3f', 'position')
mesh.buffer(numpy.array([0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0], dtype='f4'), '3f', 'normal')
mesh.buffer(numpy.array([0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], dtype='f4'), '2f', 'uv')
# Ensure basic properties are correct
self.assertEqual(mesh.name, "test")
self.assertEqual(mesh.vertex_count, 2)
self.assertEqual(mesh.mode, moderngl.LINES)
# Ensure buffers are present
self.assertIsInstance(mesh.get_buffer_by_name('position'), BufferInfo)
self.assertIsInstance(mesh.get_buffer_by_name('normal'), BufferInfo)
self.assertIsInstance(mesh.get_buffer_by_name('uv'), BufferInfo)
self.assertEqual(mesh.get_buffer_by_name('something'), None)
# Create a progam using a subset of the buffers
prog = self.createProgram()
vao = mesh.instance(prog)
self.assertIsInstance(vao, moderngl.VertexArray)
# Render directly with VAO and VertexArray instance
mesh.render(prog)
vao.render()
class Boids2(moderngl_window.WindowConfig):
"""Minimal WindowConfig example"""
gl_version = (3, 3)
window_size = 256, 256
aspect_ratio = 1.0
title = "Basic Window Config"
resource_dir = (Path(__file__) / '../../resources').absolute()
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
# Offscreen buffers
self.texture_1 = self.ctx.texture(self.wnd.buffer_size, 4, dtype='f4')
self.texture_2 = self.ctx.texture(self.wnd.buffer_size, 4, dtype='f4')
self.fbo_1 = self.ctx.framebuffer(color_attachments=[self.texture_1])
self.fbo_2 = self.ctx.framebuffer(color_attachments=[self.texture_1])
# VAOs
self.quad_fs = geometry.quad_fs()
N = 1000
def gen_boids(n):
for i in range(n):
yield random.uniform(-1, 1)
yield random.uniform(-1, 1)
yield random.uniform(-1, 1)
yield random.uniform(-1, 1)
data = np.fromiter(gen_boids(N), dtype='f4', count=N * 4)
self.boids_buffer_1 = self.ctx.buffer(data=data)
self.boids_buffer_2 = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=data.nbytes)
self.boids_vao_1 = VAO(name='boids_1')
self.boids_vao_1.buffer(self.boids_buffer_1, '2f 2f',
['in_position', 'in_velocity'])
self.boids_vao_2 = VAO(name='boids_2')
self.boids_vao_2.buffer(self.boids_buffer_2, '2f 2f',
['in_position', 'in_velocity'])
# Programs
self.tex_prog = self.load_program('programs/texture.glsl')
self.tex_prog['texture0'].value = 0
self.boid_points = self.load_program(
'programs/boids2/boid_points.glsl')
# self.boid_locality = self.load_program('programs/boids2/boids_locality_info.glsl')
def render(self, time, frametime):
self.fbo_1.use()
# Render initial data to framebuffer
self.boids_vao_1.render(self.boid_points, mode=moderngl.POINTS)
# debug render fbo
self.wnd.fbo.use()
self.texture_1.use(location=0)
self.quad_fs.render(self.tex_prog)
class Terrain(mglw.WindowConfig):
""""""
title = "Terrain"
resource_dir = (Path(__file__) / '../resources').absolute()
aspect_ratio = None
window_size = 1280, 720
resizable = True
samples = 16
clear_color = (51 / 255, 51 / 255, 51 / 255)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.camera = KeyboardCamera(self.wnd.keys,
aspect_ratio=self.wnd.aspect_ratio)
self.terrain_program = self.load_program('my_shader.glsl')
self.ctx.front_face = 'cw'
# self.ctx.wireframe = True
self.translate = Matrix44.from_translation((0, 1., .25))
self.rotate = Matrix44.look_at((0., 1., .25), (0., 0., -1.),
(0., 1., 0.))
self.projection = (self.camera.projection.matrix *
(self.translate * self.rotate)).astype('f4')
self.terrain_program['projection'].write(self.projection.tobytes())
terrain_resolution = 5
points = generate(terrain_resolution).astype('f4')
self.buffer = self.ctx.buffer(points)
indices = generate_index_buffer(terrain_resolution).astype('i4')
print(indices)
self.index_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(indices)
self.vao_1 = VAO(name='vao_1')
self.vao_1.buffer(self.buffer, '3f', ['in_position'])
self.vao_1.index_buffer(self.index_buffer)
def render(self, time, frame_time):
self.ctx.clear(*self.clear_color)
# self.ctx.clear(0.)
self.ctx.enable_only(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST | moderngl.CULL_FACE)
self.vao_1.render(self.terrain_program, mode=moderngl.POINTS)
def resize(self, width: int, height: int):
self.camera.projection.update(aspect_ratio=self.wnd.aspect_ratio)
class PolarPrimes(mglw.WindowConfig):
"""
Render prime numbers in polar coordinates
"""
gl_version = (3, 3)
title = "PolarPrimes"
samples = 16
window_size = 720, 720
aspect_ratio = 1
resizable = False
resource_dir = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('resources').resolve()
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.program = self.load_program('my_shader.glsl')
self.program['color'].value = (191 / 255, 67 / 255, 69 / 255)
self.program['size'].value = .005
self.zoom = 100
self.n = 2**25
self.program['n'].value = self.n
primes = primesfrom2to(self.n)
self.buffer = self.ctx.buffer(primes)
self.vao1 = VAO(name='boids_1')
self.vao1.buffer(self.buffer, '1i', ['in_prime'])
def render(self, time, frame_time):
r = g = b = 51 / 255
self.ctx.clear(r, g, b)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
self.ctx.blend_func = moderngl.SRC_ALPHA, moderngl.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA
self.program['n'].value = max((-f(time / 2**3) + 1) / 2 * self.n, 2000)
self.vao1.render(self.program, mode=moderngl.POINTS)
def key_event(self, key, action, modifiers):
keys = self.wnd.keys
if action == keys.ACTION_PRESS:
if key == keys.SPACE:
self.timer.toggle_pause()
class TextWriter2D(BaseText):
"""Simple monspaced bitmapped text renderer"""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
meta = FontMeta(
resources.data.load(
DataDescription(path="bitmapped/text/meta.json")))
self._texture = resources.textures.load(
TextureDescription(
path="bitmapped/textures/VeraMono.png",
kind="array",
mipmap=True,
layers=meta.characters,
))
self._program = resources.programs.load(
ProgramDescription(path="bitmapped/programs/text_2d.glsl"))
self._init(meta)
self._string_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=1024 * 4)
self._string_buffer.clear(chunk=b'\32')
pos = self.ctx.buffer(data=bytes([0] * 4 * 3))
self._vao = VAO("textwriter", mode=moderngl.POINTS)
self._vao.buffer(pos, '3f', 'in_position')
self._vao.buffer(self._string_buffer, '1u/i', 'in_char_id')
self._text: str = None
@property
def text(self) -> str:
return self._text
@text.setter
def text(self, value: str):
print(len(value))
self._text = value
self._string_buffer.orphan(size=len(value) * 4)
self._string_buffer.clear(chunk=b'\32')
self._write(value)
def _write(self, text: str):
self._string_buffer.clear(chunk=b'\32')
print(self._string_buffer.size)
self._string_buffer.write(
numpy.fromiter(
self._translate_string(text),
dtype=numpy.uint32,
))
def draw(self, pos, length=-1, size=24.0):
# Calculate ortho projection based on viewport
vp = self.ctx.fbo.viewport
w, h = vp[2] - vp[0], vp[3] - vp[1]
projection = matrix44.create_orthogonal_projection_matrix(
0, # left
w, # right
0, # bottom
h, # top
1.0, # near
-1.0, # far
dtype=numpy.float32,
)
self._texture.use(location=0)
self._program["m_proj"].write(projection)
self._program["text_pos"].value = pos
self._program["font_texture"].value = 0
self._program[
"char_size"].value = self._meta.char_aspect_wh * size, size
self._vao.render(self._program, instances=len(self._text))
class VolumetricTetrahedralMesh(CameraWindow):
"""Volumetric Tetrahedral Mesh.
The dataset was provided by:
Mara Catalina Aguilera Canon at the Bournemouth University (UK).
Area of research: Graph Neuro Networks, Finite Element Method
An example rendering a volumetric mesh of the format:
``[[p1, p2, p3, p4], [p1, p2, p3, p4], ..]``
were ```px``` represent a 3d point in a tetraherdon.
A geometry shader calculates and emits the tetraherdons
as triangles and calculate normals on the fly while rendering data.
This helps us avoid doing this expensive operation
in python and greatly reduces the memory requirement.
Controls:
- Camera: Mouse for rotation. AWSD + QE for translation
- Press b to toggle blend mode on/off
- Mouse wheel to increase or decrease the threshold for a tetra to be alive
"""
gl_version = (4, 1)
title = "Volumetric Tetrahedra lMesh"
aspect_ratio = None
resource_dir = (Path(__file__) / '../../resources').resolve()
samples = 4
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
# Finetune camera
self.wnd.mouse_exclusivity = True
self.camera.projection.update(near=.01, far=100)
self.camera.mouse_sensitivity = .5
self.camera.velocity = 2.5
self.camera.projection.update(fov=60)
# Scene states
self.with_blending = False
self.line_color = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
self.mesh_color = (0.0, 0.8, 0.0)
self.threshold = 0.5
# For rendering background
self.quad_fs = geometry.quad_fs()
# (172575,) | 57,525 vertices
vertices = np.load(self.resource_dir /
'data/tetrahedral_mesh/mesh_nodes.npy')
vertices = np.concatenate(vertices)
# (259490, 4) (1037960,) indices
indices = np.load(self.resource_dir /
'data/tetrahedral_mesh/element_nodes.npy')
indices = np.concatenate(indices) - 1
# Probability of a tetrahedron is still alive
w, h = 8192, int(np.ceil(indices.shape[0] / 8192))
self.alive_data = np.random.random_sample(w * h)
self.alive_texture = self.ctx.texture((w, h), 1, dtype='f2')
self.alive_texture.write(self.alive_data.astype('f2'))
# Original geometry with indices
self.geometry = VAO(name='geometry_indices')
self.geometry.buffer(vertices, '3f', 'in_position')
self.geometry.index_buffer(indices, index_element_size=4)
self.prog_background = self.load_program(
'programs/tetrahedral_mesh/bg.glsl')
self.prog_gen_tetra = self.load_program(
vertex_shader='programs/tetrahedral_mesh/gen_tetra_vert.glsl',
geometry_shader='programs/tetrahedral_mesh/gen_tetra_geo.glsl',
fragment_shader='programs/tetrahedral_mesh/gen_tetra_frag.glsl',
)
self.prog_gen_tetra_lines = self.load_program(
vertex_shader='programs/tetrahedral_mesh/gen_tetra_vert.glsl',
geometry_shader='programs/tetrahedral_mesh/gen_tetra_geo.glsl',
fragment_shader='programs/tetrahedral_mesh/lines_frag.glsl',
)
# Query object for measuring the rendering call in OpenGL
# It delivers the GPU time it took to process commands
self.query = self.ctx.query(samples=True,
any_samples=True,
time=True,
primitives=True)
self.total_elapsed = 0
def render(self, time, frametime):
# Render background
self.ctx.wireframe = False
if not self.with_blending:
self.ctx.enable_only(moderngl.NOTHING)
self.quad_fs.render(self.prog_background)
# Handle blend mode toggle
if self.with_blending:
self.ctx.enable_only(moderngl.BLEND)
self.ctx.blend_func = moderngl.ONE, moderngl.ONE
else:
self.ctx.enable_only(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST | moderngl.CULL_FACE)
# Render tetrahedral mesh
translate = Matrix44.from_translation((0.0, 2.5, -15.0), dtype='f4')
rotate = Matrix44.from_eulers((np.radians(180), 0, 0), dtype='f4')
scale = Matrix44.from_scale((400, 400, 400), dtype='f4')
mat = self.camera.matrix * translate * rotate * scale
# All render calls inside this context are timed
with self.query:
self.alive_texture.use(location=0)
self.prog_gen_tetra['alive_texture'].value = 0
self.prog_gen_tetra['threshold'].value = self.threshold
self.prog_gen_tetra['color'].value = self.mesh_color
self.prog_gen_tetra['m_cam'].write(mat)
self.prog_gen_tetra['m_proj'].write(self.camera.projection.matrix)
self.geometry.render(self.prog_gen_tetra,
mode=moderngl.LINES_ADJACENCY)
# Render lines
self.ctx.wireframe = True
self.alive_texture.use(location=0)
self.prog_gen_tetra_lines['alive_texture'].value = 0
self.prog_gen_tetra_lines['threshold'].value = self.threshold
self.prog_gen_tetra_lines['color'].value = self.line_color
self.prog_gen_tetra_lines['m_cam'].write(mat)
self.prog_gen_tetra_lines['m_proj'].write(
self.camera.projection.matrix)
self.geometry.render(self.prog_gen_tetra_lines,
mode=moderngl.LINES_ADJACENCY)
self.total_elapsed = self.query.elapsed
def key_event(self, key, action, modifiers):
super().key_event(key, action, modifiers)
keys = self.wnd.keys
if action == keys.ACTION_PRESS:
if key == keys.B:
self.with_blending = not self.with_blending
print("With blending:", self.with_blending)
if self.with_blending:
self.mesh_color = 0.01, 0.01, 0.01
self.line_color = 0.01, 0.01, 0.01
else:
self.mesh_color = 0.0, 0.8, 0.0
self.line_color = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
def mouse_scroll_event(self, x_offset, y_offset):
if y_offset > 0:
self.threshold += 0.01
else:
self.threshold -= 0.01
self.threshold = max(min(self.threshold, 1.0), 0.0)
def close(self):
# 1 s = 1000000000 ns
# 1 s = 1000000 μs
avg = self.total_elapsed / self.wnd.frames
print("Average rendering time per frame: {} ns | {} μs".format(
round(avg, 4), # ns
round(avg / 1000, 4), # μs
))
class FragmentPicking(moderngl_window.WindowConfig):
"""
Demonstrates how you can pick exact positions on a model
efficiently using the gpu. We render the scene info
to various layers in an offscreen framebuffer and
use this to fetch the view position of the picked
fragment. We can then apply the inverse modelview
to create points positions that matches the original mesh.
In this example we pick points on a mesh mapped with
a texture containing heat information. We pick the
position, heat value and the normal of the fragment.
The normal is then used to hide points that point
away from the camera.
"""
title = "Fragment Picking"
gl_version = 3, 3
window_size = 1280, 720
aspect_ratio = None
resizable = True
resource_dir = (Path(__file__) / '../../resources').resolve()
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
print("window buffer size:", self.wnd.buffer_size)
self.marker_file = Path('markers.bin')
# Object rotation
self.x_rot = 0
self.y_rot = 0
# Object position
self.zoom = 0
# Load scene cached to speed up loading!
self.scene = self.load_scene('scenes/fragment_picking/centered.obj',
cache=True)
# Grab the raw mesh/vertexarray
self.mesh = self.scene.root_nodes[0].mesh.vao
self.mesh_texture = self.scene.root_nodes[
0].mesh.material.mat_texture.texture
self.projection = Projection3D(
fov=60,
aspect_ratio=self.wnd.aspect_ratio,
near=1.0,
far=100.0,
)
# --- Offscreen render target
# RGBA color/diffuse layer
self.offscreen_diffuse = self.ctx.texture(self.wnd.buffer_size, 4)
# Textures for storing normals (16 bit floats)
self.offscreen_normals = self.ctx.texture(self.wnd.buffer_size,
4,
dtype='f2')
# Texture for storing the view positions rendered to framebuffer
self.offscreen_viewpos = self.ctx.texture(self.wnd.buffer_size,
4,
dtype='f4')
# Texture for storing depth values
self.offscreen_depth = self.ctx.depth_texture(self.wnd.buffer_size)
# Create a framebuffer we can render to
self.offscreen = self.ctx.framebuffer(
color_attachments=[
self.offscreen_diffuse,
self.offscreen_normals,
self.offscreen_viewpos,
],
depth_attachment=self.offscreen_depth,
)
# This is just for temp changing depth texture parameters
# temporary so we can use it as a normal texture
self.depth_sampler = self.ctx.sampler(
filter=(moderngl.LINEAR, moderngl.LINEAR),
compare_func='',
)
# A fullscreen quad just for rendering offscreen textures to the window
self.quad_fs = geometry.quad_fs()
# --- Shaders
# Simple program just rendering texture
self.texture_program = self.load_program(
'programs/fragment_picking/texture.glsl')
self.texture_program['texture0'].value = 0
# Geomtry shader writing to two offscreen layers (color, normal) + depth
self.geometry_program = self.load_program(
'programs/fragment_picking/geometry.glsl')
self.geometry_program['texture0'].value = 0 # use texture channel 0
# Shader for linearizing depth (debug visualization)
self.linearize_depth_program = self.load_program(
'programs/linearize_depth.glsl')
self.linearize_depth_program['texture0'].value = 0
self.linearize_depth_program['near'].value = self.projection.near
self.linearize_depth_program['far'].value = self.projection.far
# Shader for picking the world position of a fragment
self.fragment_picker_program = self.load_program(
'programs/fragment_picking/picker.glsl')
self.fragment_picker_program[
'position_texture'].value = 0 # Read from texture channel 0
self.fragment_picker_program[
'normal_texture'].value = 1 # Read from texture channel 1
self.fragment_picker_program[
'diffuse_texture'].value = 2 # Read from texture channel 2
# Picker geometry
self.marker_byte_size = 7 * 4 # position + normal + temperature (7 x 32bit floats)
self.picker_output = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=self.marker_byte_size)
self.picker_vao = VAO(mode=moderngl.POINTS)
# Shader for rendering markers
self.marker_program = self.load_program(
'programs/fragment_picking/markers.glsl')
self.marker_program['color'].value = 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
# Marker geometry
self.marker_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(
reserve=self.marker_byte_size *
1000) # Resever room for 1000 points
self.marker_vao = VAO(name="markers", mode=moderngl.POINTS)
self.marker_vao.buffer(self.marker_buffer, '3f 3f 1f',
['in_position', 'in_normal', 'temperature'])
self.num_markers = 0
# Debug geometry
self.quad_normals = geometry.quad_2d(size=(0.25, 0.25),
pos=(0.75, 0.875))
self.quad_depth = geometry.quad_2d(size=(0.25, 0.25), pos=(0.5, 0.875))
self.quad_positions = geometry.quad_2d(size=(0.25, 0.25),
pos=(0.25, 0.875))
def render(self, time, frametime):
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST | moderngl.CULL_FACE)
translation = Matrix44.from_translation((0, 0, -45 + self.zoom),
dtype='f4')
rotation = Matrix44.from_eulers((self.y_rot, self.x_rot, 0),
dtype='f4')
self.modelview = translation * rotation
# Render the scene to offscreen buffer
self.offscreen.clear()
self.offscreen.use()
# Render the scene
self.geometry_program['modelview'].write(self.modelview)
self.geometry_program['projection'].write(self.projection.matrix)
self.mesh_texture.use(
location=0) # bind texture from obj file to channel 0
self.depth_sampler.use(location=0)
self.mesh.render(self.geometry_program) # render mesh
self.depth_sampler.clear(location=0)
# Activate the window as the render target
self.ctx.screen.use()
self.ctx.disable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
# Render offscreen diffuse layer to screen
self.offscreen_diffuse.use(location=0)
self.quad_fs.render(self.texture_program)
# Render markers
if self.num_markers > 0:
self.ctx.point_size = 6.0 # Specify fragment size of the markers
self.marker_program['modelview'].write(self.modelview)
self.marker_program['projection'].write(self.projection.matrix)
self.marker_vao.render(self.marker_program,
vertices=self.num_markers)
self.render_debug()
def render_debug(self):
"""Debug rendering. Offscreen buffers"""
# Debug rendering of normal and depth buffer
self.offscreen_normals.use()
self.quad_normals.render(self.texture_program)
self.offscreen_depth.use(location=0) # bind depth sampler to channel 0
self.depth_sampler.use(location=0) # temp override the parameters
self.quad_depth.render(self.linearize_depth_program)
self.depth_sampler.clear(location=0) # Remove the override
self.offscreen_viewpos.use()
self.quad_positions.render(self.texture_program)
def mouse_drag_event(self, x, y, dx, dy):
"""Pick up mouse drag movements"""
self.x_rot -= dx / 100
self.y_rot -= dy / 100
def mouse_press_event(self, x, y, button):
"""Attempts to get the view position from a fragment"""
# only care about right mouse button clicks
if button != self.wnd.mouse.right:
return
# mouse coordinates starts in upper left corner
# pixel positions starts and lower left corner
pos = int(x * self.wnd.pixel_ratio), int(self.wnd.buffer_height -
(y * self.wnd.pixel_ratio))
print("Picking mouse position", x, y)
print("Viewport position", pos)
self.fragment_picker_program['texel_pos'].value = pos
self.fragment_picker_program['modelview'].write(self.modelview)
self.offscreen_viewpos.use(location=0)
self.offscreen_normals.use(location=1)
self.offscreen_diffuse.use(location=2)
self.picker_vao.transform(self.fragment_picker_program,
self.picker_output,
vertices=1)
# Print position
x, y, z, nx, ny, nz, temperature = struct.unpack(
'7f', self.picker_output.read())
if z == 0.0:
print('Point is not on the mesh')
return
print(f"Position: {x} {y} {z}")
print(f"Normal: {nx} {ny} {nz}")
print(
f"Temperature: {round(temperature * 255)} (byte) {temperature} (float)"
)
self.marker_buffer.write(self.picker_output.read(),
offset=self.marker_byte_size *
self.num_markers)
self.num_markers += 1
def mouse_scroll_event(self, x_offset, y_offset):
self.zoom += y_offset
def key_event(self, key, action, modifiers):
keys = self.wnd.keys
# Key presses
if action == keys.ACTION_PRESS:
if key == keys.F1:
print('Loading marker file')
self.load_markers(self.marker_file)
if key == keys.F2:
print('Saving marker file')
self.save_markers(self.marker_file)
def load_markers(self, path: Path):
"""Loads markers from file"""
if not self.marker_file.exists():
return
with open(self.marker_file, mode='rb') as fd:
size = self.marker_file.stat().st_size
self.num_markers = size // self.marker_byte_size
self.marker_buffer.write(fd.read(), offset=0)
def save_markers(self, path: Path):
"""Dump markers from file"""
if self.num_markers == 0:
return
with open('markers.bin', mode='wb') as fd:
fd.write(
self.marker_buffer.read(size=self.num_markers *
self.marker_byte_size))
class NBodySim(mglw.WindowConfig):
gl_version = (4, 3)
title = "N-Body Simulation"
resource_dir = (Path(__file__) / '../resources').absolute()
screenshots_dir = (Path(__file__) / '../screen_recordings/uniform100').absolute()
aspect_ratio = None
window_size = 1280, 720
resizable = False
samples = 16
N = len(planets)
# if `N` is below 64 use it as the number of workers. If `N` is larger use larger worker groups
consts = {
"COMPUTE_SIZE": min(64, N),
"N": N,
"DT": 20 # DT of 20 seconds
}
NUM_GROUP = int(ceil(N / 64))
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.ctx.point_size = 5
# load programs
self.calculate_force = self.load_compute('calculate_force.glsl', self.consts)
self.move_planets = self.load_compute('move_planets.glsl', self.consts)
self.render_program = self.load_program('points.glsl')
# set projection matrices
projection_matrix = perspective(60, self.wnd.aspect_ratio, .001, 7e15).astype('f4')
# you might want to change the z component in order to zoom out further.
camera_matrix = translation((0, 0, -.1)).astype('f4')
self.render_program['m_projection'].write(projection_matrix.tobytes())
self.render_program['m_camera'].write(camera_matrix.tobytes())
# set properties for making the gif
mglw.settings.SCREENSHOT_PATH = self.screenshots_dir
self.simulated_time = 0
# take a picture every every 15 days of simulated time
self.gif_interval = 60 * 60 * 24 * 15
self._last_capture = float('-inf')
# use predefined values
positions = np.empty((self.N, 3)).astype('f4')
velocities = np.empty((self.N, 3)).astype('f4')
force = np.empty((self.N, 3)).astype('f4')
mass = np.empty((self.N, 1)).astype('f4')
for index, planet in enumerate(planets):
velocities[index] = planet['velocity']
positions[index] = planet['location']
force[index] = planet['force']
mass[index] = planet['mass']
colors = np.array(
[[255, 255, 0, 255], [171, 159, 111, 255], [128, 111, 43, 255],
[8, 138, 41, 255], [255, 111, 0, 255], [171, 153, 138, 255],
[145, 118, 94, 255], [214, 199, 186, 255], [67, 111, 181, 255]]) / 255
# interleave data
interleaved = list(zip(positions.tolist(), velocities.tolist(), force.tolist(), mass.tolist()))
interleaved = [item for l in interleaved for sublist in l for item in sublist]
interleaved = struct.pack('<' + '10d' * self.N, *interleaved)
# create two buffers to switch between
self.buffer1 = self.ctx.buffer(interleaved)
self.buffer2 = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=len(interleaved))
self.color_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(colors.astype('f4'))
# create a VAO with buffer 1 bound to it to render the balls
self.render_vao = VAO(name='render_vao')
self.render_vao.buffer(self.buffer1, '3f8 3f8 3f8 1f8',
['in_position', 'in_velocity', 'in_force', 'in_mass'])
self.render_vao.buffer(self.color_buffer, '4f', ['in_color'])
# bind the buffers to 1 and 0 respectively
self._toggle = False
self.buffer1.bind_to_storage_buffer(self._toggle)
self.buffer2.bind_to_storage_buffer(not self._toggle)
def render(self, time, frame_time):
if self.simulated_time - self._last_capture > self.gif_interval:
# render the result to the screen
self.ctx.clear(51 / 255, 51 / 255, 51 / 255)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
self.render_vao.render(self.render_program, mode=moderngl.POINTS)
# take a screenshot
screenshot.create(self.wnd.fbo)
self._last_capture = self.simulated_time
# run the compute shader
self.calculate_force.run(group_x=self.NUM_GROUP)
# swap buffers
self._swap_buffers()
# run the compute shader
self.move_planets.run(group_x=self.NUM_GROUP)
# swap buffers
self._swap_buffers()
self.simulated_time += self.consts['DT']
def _swap_buffers(self) -> None:
"""
Swap the two buffers for the compute-shaders by re-binding them.
:return: None
"""
self._toggle = not self._toggle
self.buffer1.bind_to_storage_buffer(self._toggle)
self.buffer2.bind_to_storage_buffer(not self._toggle)
def load_compute(self, uri, consts):
""" read compute shader code and set consts """
with open(self.resource_dir / uri, 'r') as fp:
content = fp.read()
# feed constant values
for key, value in consts.items():
content = content.replace(f"0//%{key}%", str(value))
return self.ctx.compute_shader(content)
class NBodySim(mglw.WindowConfig):
gl_version = (4, 3)
title = "N-Body Simulation"
resource_dir = (Path(__file__) / "../resources").absolute()
take_screenshots = False
screenshots_dir = (Path(__file__) /
"../screen_recordings/uniform100").absolute()
aspect_ratio = None
window_size = 1280, 720
resizable = False
samples = 16
N = len(planets)
# if `N` is below 64 use it as the number of workers. If `N` is larger use larger worker groups
consts = {"GROUP_SIZE": min(64, N), "N": N, "DT": 60 * 60} # DT of 1 h
NUM_GROUP = int(ceil(N / 64))
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.ctx.point_size = 5
# load programs
self.calculate_force = self.load_compute_shader("calculate_force.glsl",
defines=self.consts)
self.move_planets = self.load_compute_shader("move_planets.glsl",
defines=self.consts)
self.render_program = self.load_program("points.glsl")
# set projection matrices
projection_matrix = perspective(60, self.wnd.aspect_ratio, 0.001,
7e15).astype("f4")
# you might want to change the z component in order to zoom out further.
camera_matrix = translation((0, 0, -4)).astype("f4")
self.render_program["m_projection"].write(projection_matrix.tobytes())
self.render_program["m_camera"].write(camera_matrix.tobytes())
# set properties for making the gif
mglw.settings.SCREENSHOT_PATH = self.screenshots_dir
self.simulated_time = 0
# take a picture every every 15 days of simulated time
self.gif_interval = 60 * 60 * 24 * 15
self._last_capture = float("-inf")
# use predefined values
positions = np.empty((self.N, 3)).astype("f4")
velocities = np.empty((self.N, 3)).astype("f4")
force = np.empty((self.N, 3)).astype("f4")
mass = np.empty((self.N, 1)).astype("f4")
for index, planet in enumerate(planets):
velocities[index] = planet["velocity"]
positions[index] = planet["location"]
force[index] = planet["force"]
mass[index] = planet["mass"]
colors = (np.array([
[255, 255, 0, 255],
[171, 159, 111, 255],
[128, 111, 43, 255],
[8, 138, 41, 255],
[255, 111, 0, 255],
[171, 153, 138, 255],
[145, 118, 94, 255],
[214, 199, 186, 255],
[67, 111, 181, 255],
]) / 255)
# interleave data
interleaved = list(
zip(positions.tolist(), velocities.tolist(), force.tolist(),
mass.tolist()))
interleaved = [
item for l in interleaved for sublist in l for item in sublist
]
interleaved = struct.pack("<" + "10d" * self.N, *interleaved)
# create two buffers to switch between
self.buffer1 = self.ctx.buffer(interleaved)
self.buffer2 = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=len(interleaved))
self.color_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(colors.astype("f4"))
# create a VAO with buffer 1 bound to it to render the balls
self.render_vao = VAO(name="render_vao")
self.render_vao.buffer(
self.buffer1,
"3f8 3f8 3f8 1f8",
["in_position", "in_velocity", "in_force", "in_mass"],
)
self.render_vao.buffer(self.color_buffer, "4f", ["in_color"])
# bind the buffers to 1 and 0 respectively
self._toggle = False
self.buffer1.bind_to_storage_buffer(self._toggle)
self.buffer2.bind_to_storage_buffer(not self._toggle)
def render(self, time, frame_time):
# render the result to the screen
self.ctx.clear(51 / 255, 51 / 255, 51 / 255)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
self.render_vao.render(self.render_program, mode=moderngl.POINTS)
if (self.take_screenshots and
self.simulated_time - self._last_capture > self.gif_interval):
# take a screenshot
screenshot.create(self.wnd.fbo)
self._last_capture = self.simulated_time
# run the compute shader
self.calculate_force.run(group_x=self.NUM_GROUP)
# swap buffers
self._swap_buffers()
# run the compute shader
self.move_planets.run(group_x=self.NUM_GROUP)
# swap buffers
self._swap_buffers()
self.simulated_time += self.consts["DT"]
def _swap_buffers(self) -> None:
"""
Swap the two buffers for the compute-shaders by re-binding them.
:return: None
"""
self._toggle = not self._toggle
self.buffer1.bind_to_storage_buffer(self._toggle)
self.buffer2.bind_to_storage_buffer(not self._toggle)
class Boids(moderngl_window.WindowConfig):
title = "Boids"
resource_dir = (Path(__file__) / '../resources').absolute()
aspect_ratio = None
window_size = 1024, 1024
resizable = False
samples = 4
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.move_program = self.load_program('move_boids.glsl')
self.render_boids = self.load_program('render_boids.glsl')
self.boid_logic = self.load_program('locality_info.glsl')
self.boid_points = self.load_program('boid_points.glsl')
self.view_area = self.load_program('render_view_area.glsl')
self.texture_1 = self.ctx.texture(self.wnd.buffer_size, 4, dtype='f4')
self.fbo_1 = self.ctx.framebuffer(color_attachments=[self.texture_1])
n = 50 # 3**n
self.render_boids['size'].value = 0.01
self.render_boids['num_boids'].value = n
positions = ((np.random.random_sample((n, 2)) - .5) * 2.)
# positions = np.zeros((n, 2))
velocities = f(n, .75) * 0.005
acceleration = np.zeros((n, 2))
pos_vel = np.array([
*zip(positions.tolist(), velocities.tolist(),
acceleration.tolist())
]).flatten().astype('f4')
self.boids_buffer_1 = self.ctx.buffer(pos_vel)
self.boids_buffer_2 = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=pos_vel.nbytes)
self.boids_vao_1 = VAO(name='boids_1')
self.boids_vao_1.buffer(
self.boids_buffer_1, '2f 2f 2f',
['in_position', 'in_velocity', 'in_acceleration'])
self.boids_vao_2 = VAO(name='boids_2')
self.boids_vao_2.buffer(
self.boids_buffer_2, '2f 2f 2f',
['in_position', 'in_velocity', 'in_acceleration'])
self.boid_logic['texture0'].value = 0
# self.view_area['texture0'].value = 0
def render(self, time, frame_time):
# self.program['time'].value = time
self.ctx.clear(51 / 255, 51 / 255, 51 / 255)
# render info to texture
self.fbo_1.use()
self.boids_vao_1.render(self.boid_points, mode=moderngl.POINTS)
# output updated velocity
self.boids_vao_1.transform(self.boid_logic,
self.boids_buffer_2,
mode=moderngl.POINTS)
# update their positions
self.boids_vao_2.transform(self.move_program,
self.boids_buffer_1,
mode=moderngl.POINTS)
# render boids to screen
self.wnd.fbo.use()
self.boids_vao_1.render(self.render_boids, mode=moderngl.POINTS)
class Boids(moderngl_window.WindowConfig):
"""
An attempt to make something boid-list with GL3.3.
Not currently working as intended, but still creates
and interesting result.
For this to properly work we need to split the calculations
into several passes.
We are doing this the O(n^2) way with the gpu using transform feedback.
To make the data avaialble to the vertex shader (looping through it)
we copy the vertex buffer every frame to a texture.
A better way in the future is to use compute shader.
"""
title = "Boids"
resource_dir = (Path(__file__) / '../../resources').absolute()
aspect_ratio = 3440 / 1440
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
MAX_TEX_WIDTH = 8192
N = MAX_TEX_WIDTH * 1
def gen_initial_data(n, x_area=2.0, y_area=2.0):
for n in range(n):
# position
yield (random.random() - 0.5) * x_area
yield (random.random() - 0.5) * y_area
# Velocity
yield (random.random() - 0.5)
yield (random.random() - 0.5)
# Create geometry data
gen = gen_initial_data(N,
x_area=self.aspect_ratio * 2 * 0.9,
y_area=2.0 * 0.95)
data = numpy.fromiter(gen, count=N * 4, dtype='f4')
self.boids_buffer_1 = self.ctx.buffer(data.tobytes())
self.boids_buffer_2 = self.ctx.buffer(data=self.boids_buffer_1.read())
self.boids_vao_1 = VAO(name='boids_1', mode=moderngl.POINTS)
self.boids_vao_1.buffer(self.boids_buffer_1, '2f 2f',
['in_position', 'in_velocity'])
self.boids_vao_2 = VAO(name='boids_2', mode=moderngl.POINTS)
self.boids_vao_2.buffer(self.boids_buffer_2, '2f 2f',
['in_position', 'in_velocity'])
self.boids_texture = self.ctx.texture(
(MAX_TEX_WIDTH, N * 2 // MAX_TEX_WIDTH), components=2, dtype='f4')
# Programs
self.boids_render_program = self.load_program(
'programs/boids/boids_render.glsl')
self.boids_transform_program = self.load_program(
'programs/boids/boids_transform.glsl')
# Prepare for rendering
self.m_proj = matrix44.create_orthogonal_projection(
-self.aspect_ratio,
self.aspect_ratio,
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
dtype='f4',
)
self.boids_render_program['m_proj'].write(self.m_proj.tobytes())
self.boids_transform_program['data'].value = 0
self.boids_transform_program['num_boids'].value = N
self.boids_transform_program['tex_width'].value = MAX_TEX_WIDTH
def render(self, time, frame_time):
self.boids_texture.use(location=0)
self.boids_transform_program[
'timedelta'].value = frame_time # max(frame_time, 1.0 / 60.0)
self.boids_vao_1.transform(self.boids_transform_program,
self.boids_buffer_2)
self.boids_vao_2.render(self.boids_render_program)
# Swap around ..
self.boids_vao_1, self.boids_vao_2 = self.boids_vao_2, self.boids_vao_1
self.boids_buffer_1, self.boids_buffer_2 = self.boids_buffer_2, self.boids_buffer_1
# Write vertex data into texture so we can interate it in shader
self.boids_texture.write(self.boids_buffer_1.read())
class MyWindow(CameraWindow):
resource_dir = "."
N = 50_000_000
vsync = False
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.camera.projection.update(near=0.1, far=10)
# we have to import them here, they require a running context
from pycuda import autoinit
from pycuda.gl import autoinit
import pycuda.gl as cuda_gl
# data
positions = np.random.random((self.N, 3)).astype("f4")
self.pbuffer = self.ctx.buffer(positions)
self.cbuffer = self.ctx.buffer(
reserve=4 * self.N * 4
) # self.N*4 floats (4 bytes per float)
# render program
self.render_prog = self.load_program("file.glsl")
# vao
self.vao = VAO(mode=mgl.POINTS)
self.vao.buffer(self.pbuffer, "3f", ["in_position"])
self.vao.buffer(self.cbuffer, "4f", ["in_color"])
# pycuda stuff
self.mod = SourceModule(
"""
__global__ void color_them(float4 *dest, int n, float time)
{
const int tid = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (tid >= n) {return;}
float v = (float)tid / (float)n;
dest[tid] = make_float4(__cosf(time*3.), __sinf(time*2.), __sinf(time), 1.);
}
""",
keep=True,
cache_dir="./cache",
)
self.buffer_cu = cuda_gl.RegisteredBuffer(self.cbuffer._glo)
self.color_them = self.mod.get_function("color_them")
def process(self, time):
# map the buffer
dst_mapping = self.buffer_cu.map()
ptr = np.uintp(dst_mapping.device_ptr_and_size()[0])
self.color_them(
ptr,
np.int32(self.N),
np.float32(time),
grid=(self.N // 1024 + 1, 1, 1),
block=(1024, 1, 1),
)
cuda_driver.Context.synchronize()
dst_mapping.unmap()
def render(self, time: float, frame_time: float):
self.render_prog["m_proj"].write(self.camera.projection.matrix)
self.render_prog["m_camera"].write(self.camera.matrix)
self.process(time)
self.vao.render(self.render_prog)
