Python parse_fcfg示例，nltk.parse_fcfg Python示例

示例#1

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def demo_legacy_grammar():
    """
    Check that batch_interpret() is compatible with legacy grammars that use
    a lowercase 'sem' feature.
    
    Define 'test.fcfg' to be the following
    
    """
    g = nltk.parse_fcfg("""
    % start S
    S[sem=<hello>] -> 'hello'
    """)
    print "Reading grammar: %s" % g
    print "*" * 20
    for reading in batch_interpret(['hello'], g, semkey='sem'):
        syn, sem = reading[0]
        print
        print "output: ", sem

示例#2

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文件： util.py 项目： approximatelylinear/nltk

def demo_legacy_grammar():
    """
    Check that batch_interpret() is compatible with legacy grammars that use
    a lowercase 'sem' feature.
    
    Define 'test.fcfg' to be the following
    
    """
    g = nltk.parse_fcfg("""
    % start S
    S[sem=<hello>] -> 'hello'
    """)
    print "Reading grammar: %s" % g
    print "*" * 20
    for reading in batch_interpret(['hello'], g, semkey='sem'):
        syn, sem = reading[0]
        print 
        print "output: ", sem

示例#3

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文件： aufgabe5.py 项目： christophlsa/NSS

grammar = nltk.parse_fcfg(
"""
% start S
# ###################
# Grammar Productions
# ###################
S[-INV] -> NP VP
S[-INV]/?x -> NP VP/?x
S[-INV] -> NP S/NP
S[-INV] -> Adv[+NEG] S[+INV]
S[+INV] -> V[+AUX] NP VP
S[+INV]/?x -> V[+AUX] NP VP/?x
SBar -> Comp S[-INV]
SBar/?x -> Comp S[-INV]/?x
VP -> V[SUBCAT=intrans, -AUX]
VP -> V[SUBCAT=trans, -AUX] NP
VP/?x -> V[SUBCAT=trans, -AUX] NP/?x
VP -> V[SUBCAT=clause, -AUX] SBar
VP/?x -> V[SUBCAT=clause, -AUX] SBar/?x
VP -> V[+AUX] VP
VP/?x -> V[+AUX] VP/?x
# ###################
# Lexical Productions
# ###################
V[SUBCAT=intrans, -AUX] -> 'walk' | 'sing'
V[SUBCAT=trans, -AUX] -> 'see' | 'like'
V[SUBCAT=clause, -AUX] -> 'say' | 'claim'
V[+AUX] -> 'do' | 'can'
NP[-WH] -> 'you' | 'cats' | 'Sam'
NP[+WH] -> 'who' | 'what'
Adv[+NEG] -> 'rarely' | 'never'
NP/NP ->
Comp -> 'that'
""")

示例#4

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文件： tmp2.py 项目： ibews/NSS

grammar = nltk.parse_fcfg(
"""
S -> NP[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n, DET=?d]

NP[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n, DET=?d] -> Det[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n, DET=?d] N[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n]
NP[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n, DET=?d] -> Det[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n, DET=?d] Adj[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n, DET=?d] N[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n]
NP[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=pl, DET=?d] -> N[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=pl]
NP[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=pl, DET=?d] -> Adj[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=pl, DET=?d] N[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=pl]

Det[CASE=nom, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'des'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'dem'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'den'

Det[CASE=nom, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'ein'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'eines'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'einem'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'einen'

Det[CASE=nom, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'die'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'die'

Det[CASE=nom, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'eine'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'einer'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'einer'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'eine'

Det[CASE=nom, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'das'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'des'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'dem'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'das'

Det[CASE=nom, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'ein'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'eines'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'einem'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'ein'

Det[CASE=nom, NUM=pl] -> 'die'
Det[CASE=gen, NUM=pl] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=dat, NUM=pl] -> 'den'
Det[CASE=akk, NUM=pl] -> 'die'

N[CASE=nom, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'Baum'
N[CASE=gen, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'Baumes'
N[CASE=dat, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'Baum' | 'Baume'
N[CASE=akk, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'Baum'

N[CASE=nom, GND=m, NUM=pl] -> 'Bäume'
N[CASE=gen, GND=m, NUM=pl] -> 'Bäume'
N[CASE=dat, GND=m, NUM=pl] -> 'Bäumen'
N[CASE=akk, GND=m, NUM=pl] -> 'Bäume'

N[GND=w, NUM=sg] -> 'Kuh'

N[CASE=nom, GND=w, NUM=pl] -> 'Kühe'
N[CASE=gen, GND=w, NUM=pl] -> 'Kühe'
N[CASE=dat, GND=w, NUM=pl] -> 'Kühen'
N[CASE=akk, GND=w, NUM=pl] -> 'Kühe'

N[CASE=nom, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'Buch'
N[CASE=gen, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'Buches'
N[CASE=dat, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'Buch' | 'Buche'
N[CASE=akk, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'Buch'

N[CASE=nom, GND=n, NUM=pl] -> 'Bücher'
N[CASE=gen, GND=n, NUM=pl] -> 'Bücher'
N[CASE=dat, GND=n, NUM=pl] -> 'Büchern'
N[CASE=akk, GND=n, NUM=pl] -> 'Bücher'

Adj[CASE=nom, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'alte'
Adj[CASE={gen,dat}, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'alten'
Adj[CASE=akk, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'alten'
Adj[CASE=akk, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=bes] -> 'alten'
Adj[NUM=pl, DET=bes] -> 'alten'

Adj[CASE=nom, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'alter'
Adj[CASE=gen, GND=m, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'alten'

Adj[CASE={nom,akk}, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'alte'
Adj[CASE=gen, GND=w, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'alten'

Adj[CASE={nom,akk}, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'altes'
Adj[CASE=gen, GND=n, NUM=sg, DET=unb] -> 'alten'

Adj[NUM=pl, DET=bes] -> 'alten'
""")

示例#5

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文件： aufgabe1.py 项目： ibews/NSS

grammar = nltk.parse_fcfg("""
% start S
 # Grammar Productions
 S -> NP[CASE=?c, AGR=?a]
 NP[CASE=?c, AGR=?a] -> Det[CASE=?c, AGR=?a] N[CASE=?c, AGR=?a]
 # Lexical Productions
 # masc
 Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=masc,NUM=sg]] -> 'der' | 'ein'
 Det[CASE=gen, AGR=[GND=masc,NUM=sg]] -> 'des' | 'eines'
 Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=masc,NUM=sg]] -> 'dem' | 'einem'
 Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=masc,NUM=sg]] -> 'den' | 'einen'
 # fem
 Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=fem,NUM=sg]] -> 'die' | 'eine'
 Det[CASE=gen, AGR=[GND=fem,NUM=sg]] -> 'der' | 'einer'
 Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=fem,NUM=sg]] -> 'der' | 'einer'
 Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=fem,NUM=sg]] -> 'die' | 'eine'
 # neu
 Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=neu,NUM=sg]] -> 'das' | 'ein'
 Det[CASE=gen, AGR=[GND=neu,NUM=sg]] -> 'des' | 'eines'
 Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=neu,NUM=sg]] -> 'dem' | 'einem'
 Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=neu,NUM=sg]] -> 'das' | 'ein'
 # Nouns
 N[CASE=gen, AGR=[GND=masc,NUM=sg]] -> 'Hundes'
 N[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=masc,NUM=sg]] -> 'Hund'
 
 N[AGR=[GND=fem,NUM=sg]] -> 'Katze'
 
 N[CASE=gen, AGR=[GND=masc,NUM=sg]] -> 'Kindes'
 N[AGR=[GND=neu,NUM=sg]] -> 'Kind'
""")

示例#6

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文件： aufgabe3.py 项目： christophlsa/NSS

grammar = nltk.parse_fcfg(
"""
% start S
# Grammar Productions
S -> NP[CASE=nom, AGR=?a] VP[AGR=?a]
NP[CASE=?c, AGR=?a] -> PRO[CASE=?c, AGR=?a]
NP[CASE=?c, AGR=?a] -> Det[CASE=?c, AGR=?a] N[CASE=?c, AGR=?a]
# inserted:
NP[CASE=gen, AGR=?a] -> Det[CASE=gen, AGR=?a] N[CASE=gen, AGR=?a] NP[CASE=gen]
VP[AGR=?a] -> IV[AGR=?a]
VP[AGR=?a] -> TV[OBJCASE=?c, AGR=?a] NP[CASE=?c]
# inserted:
VP[AGR=?a] -> DV[AGR=?a] NP[CASE=acc] NP[CASE=gen]
# Lexical Productions
# Singular determiners
# masc
Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=gen, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'des'
Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'dem'
Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'den'
# fem
Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'die'
Det[CASE=gen, AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'die'
# Plural determiners
Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'die'
Det[CASE=gen, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'den'
Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'die'
# Nouns
N[AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'Hund'
N[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Hunde'
N[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Hunden'
N[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Hunde'
N[AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'Katze'
N[AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Katzen'
# inserted (nicht vollstaendig - nur fuer Aufgabe relevante Faelle):
N[CASE=gen, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'Diebstahls'
N[AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'Frau'
N[AGR=[GND=neut,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Gelder'
N[AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'Buergermeisters'
# Pronouns
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=sg]] -> 'ich'
PRO[CASE=acc, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=sg]] -> 'mich'
PRO[CASE=dat, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=sg]] -> 'mir'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=2,NUM=sg]] -> 'du'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'er' | 'sie' | 'es'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=pl]] -> 'wir'
PRO[CASE=acc, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=pl]] -> 'uns'
PRO[CASE=dat, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=pl]] -> 'uns'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=2,NUM=pl]] -> 'ihr'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'sie'
# Verbs
IV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=1]] -> 'komme'
IV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=2]] -> 'kommst'
IV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=3]] -> 'kommt'
IV[AGR=[NUM=pl, PER=1]] -> 'kommen'
IV[AGR=[NUM=pl, PER=2]] -> 'kommt'
IV[AGR=[NUM=pl, PER=3]] -> 'kommen'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=1]] -> 'sehe' | 'mag'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=2]] -> 'siehst' | 'magst'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=3]] -> 'sieht' | 'mag'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=1]] -> 'folge' | 'helfe'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=2]] -> 'folgst' | 'hilfst'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=3]] -> 'folgt' | 'hilft'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=1]] -> 'sehen' | 'moegen'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=2]] -> 'sieht' | 'moegt'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=3]] -> 'sehen' | 'moegen'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=1]] -> 'folgen' | 'helfen'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=2]] -> 'folgt' | 'helft'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=3]] -> 'folgen' | 'helfen'
# inserted:
DV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=1]] -> 'bezichtige'
DV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=2]] -> 'bezichtigst'
DV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=3]] -> 'bezichtigt'
DV[AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=1]] -> 'bezichtigen'
DV[AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=2]] -> 'bezichtigt'
DV[AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=3]] -> 'bezichtigen'
""")

示例#7

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文件： aufgabe1.py 项目： christophlsa/NSS

grammar = nltk.parse_fcfg(
"""
S -> NP[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n]

NP[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n] -> Det[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n] N[CASE=?c, GND=?g, NUM=?n]

Det[CASE=nom, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'der' | 'ein'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'des' | 'eines'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'dem' | 'einem'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'den' | 'einen'

Det[CASE=nom, GND=w, NUM=sg] -> 'die' | 'eine'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=w, NUM=sg] -> 'der' | 'einer'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=w, NUM=sg] -> 'der' | 'einer'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=w, NUM=sg] -> 'die' | 'eine'

Det[CASE=nom, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'das' | 'ein'
Det[CASE=gen, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'des' | 'eines'
Det[CASE=dat, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'dem' | 'einem'
Det[CASE=akk, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'das' | 'ein'

N[CASE=nom, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'Baum'
N[CASE=gen, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'Baumes'
N[CASE=dat, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'Baum' | 'Baume'
N[CASE=akk, GND=m, NUM=sg] -> 'Baum'

N[GND=w, NUM=sg] -> 'Kuh'

N[CASE=nom, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'Buch'
N[CASE=gen, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'Buches'
N[CASE=dat, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'Buch' | 'Buche'
N[CASE=akk, GND=n, NUM=sg] -> 'Buch'
""")

示例#8

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文件： aufgabe4.py 项目： christophlsa/NSS

grammar = nltk.parse_fcfg(
"""
% start S
# Grammar Productions
S -> NP[CASE=nom, AGR=?a] VP[AGR=?a]
# inserted:
S -> ADV VP2[AGR=?a] NP[CASE=nom, AGR=?a]
NP[CASE=?c, AGR=?a] -> PRO[CASE=?c, AGR=?a]
NP[CASE=?c, AGR=?a] -> Det[CASE=?c, AGR=?a] N[CASE=?c, AGR=?a]
VP[AGR=?a] -> IV[AGR=?a]
VP[AGR=?a] -> TV[OBJCASE=?c, AGR=?a] NP[CASE=?c]
# inserted (next two):
VP2[AGR=?a] -> IV[AGR=?a]
VP2[AGR=?a] -> TV[OBJCASE=?c, AGR=?a] NP[CASE=nom]
# Lexical Productions
# Singular determiners
# masc
Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'dem'
Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'den'
# fem
Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'die'
Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'der'
Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'die'
# Plural determiners
Det[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'die'
Det[CASE=dat, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'den'
Det[CASE=acc, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'die'
# Nouns
N[AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'Hund'
N[CASE=nom, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Hunde'
N[CASE=dat, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Hunden'
N[CASE=acc, AGR=[GND=masc,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Hunde'
N[AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'Katze'
N[AGR=[GND=fem,PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'Katzen'
# Pronouns
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=sg]] -> 'ich'
PRO[CASE=acc, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=sg]] -> 'mich'
PRO[CASE=dat, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=sg]] -> 'mir'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=2,NUM=sg]] -> 'du'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=sg]] -> 'er' | 'sie' | 'es'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=pl]] -> 'wir'
PRO[CASE=acc, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=pl]] -> 'uns'
PRO[CASE=dat, AGR=[PER=1,NUM=pl]] -> 'uns'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=2,NUM=pl]] -> 'ihr'
PRO[CASE=nom, AGR=[PER=3,NUM=pl]] -> 'sie'
# Verbs
IV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=1]] -> 'komme'
IV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=2]] -> 'kommst'
IV[AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=3]] -> 'kommt'
IV[AGR=[NUM=pl, PER=1]] -> 'kommen'
IV[AGR=[NUM=pl, PER=2]] -> 'kommt'
IV[AGR=[NUM=pl, PER=3]] -> 'kommen'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=1]] -> 'sehe' | 'mag'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=2]] -> 'siehst' | 'magst'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=3]] -> 'sieht' | 'mag'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=1]] -> 'folge' | 'helfe'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=2]] -> 'folgst' | 'hilfst'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=sg,PER=3]] -> 'folgt' | 'hilft'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=1]] -> 'sehen' | 'moegen'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=2]] -> 'sieht' | 'moegt'
TV[OBJCASE=acc, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=3]] -> 'sehen' | 'moegen'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=1]] -> 'folgen' | 'helfen'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=2]] -> 'folgt' | 'helft'
TV[OBJCASE=dat, AGR=[NUM=pl,PER=3]] -> 'folgen' | 'helfen'
# inserted: Adverbs
ADV -> 'heute'
""")

示例#9

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文件： sem.py 项目： jeneisen/computational-ling

 def load_grammar (self):
     fn = self.prefix + '-grammar.txt'
     self.grammar = parse_fcfg(open(fn))
     self.parser = FeatureChartParser(self.grammar)

示例#10

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文件： fcfg.py 项目： jeneisen/computational-ling

def starter_grammar():
    if DataDir is None:
        raise Exception, "Not defined: CL"
    fn = os.path.join(DataDir, "starter_grammar.txt")
    return nltk.parse_fcfg(open(fn))