def clean_ip(self):
v = self.cleaned_data["ip"]
if v:
return IPv4Parameter().form_clean(v)
def test_ipv4_parameter(raw, config, expected):
assert IPv4Parameter(**config).clean(raw) == expected
def test_ipv4_parameter_error(raw, config):
with pytest.raises(InterfaceTypeError):
assert IPv4Parameter(**config).clean(raw)
def execute_cli(self):
r = []
try:
v = self.cli("show lldp remote_ports mode normal")
except self.CLISyntaxError:
raise self.NotSupportedError()
for match in self.rx_port.finditer(v):
i = {"local_interface": match.group("port"), "neighbors": []}
for m in self.rx_entity.finditer(match.group("entities")):
n = {}
remote_chassis_id_subtype = m.group("chassis_id_subtype").replace("_", " ")
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = {
"chassis component": 1,
"interface alias": 2,
"port component": 3,
"mac address": 4,
"macaddress": 4,
"network address": 5,
"interface name": 6,
"local": 7,
}[remote_chassis_id_subtype.strip().lower()]
n["remote_chassis_id"] = m.group("chassis_id").strip()
remote_port_subtype = m.group("port_id_subtype").replace("_", " ")
n["remote_port_subtype"] = {
"interface alias": 1,
# DES-3526 6.00 B48, DES-3526 6.00 B49,
# DES-3200-28 1.85.B008
"nterface alias": 1,
"port component": 2,
"mac address": 3,
"macaddress": 3,
"network address": 4,
"interface name": 5,
"agent circuit id": 6,
"locally assigned": 7,
"local": 7,
}[remote_port_subtype.strip().lower()]
n["remote_port"] = m.group("port_id").strip()
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 3:
try:
n["remote_port"] = MACAddressParameter().clean(n["remote_port"])
except ValueError:
continue
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 4:
n["remote_port"] = IPv4Parameter().clean(n["remote_port"])
if m.group("port_description").strip():
p = m.group("port_description").strip()
n["remote_port_description"] = re.sub(r"\n\s{49}", "", p)
if m.group("system_name").strip():
p = m.group("system_name").strip()
n["remote_system_name"] = re.sub(r"\n\s{49}", "", p)
if m.group("system_description").strip():
p = m.group("system_description").strip()
n["remote_system_description"] = re.sub(r"\n\s{49}", "", p)
caps = 0
for c in m.group("system_capabilities").split(","):
c = re.sub(r"\s{49,50}", "", c)
c = c.strip()
if not c:
break
caps |= {
"Other": 1,
"Repeater": 2,
"Bridge": 4,
"Access Point": 8,
"WLAN Access Point": 8,
"Router": 16,
"Telephone": 32,
"DOCSIS Cable Device": 64,
"Station Only": 128,
}[c]
n["remote_capabilities"] = caps
i["neighbors"] += [n]
if i["neighbors"]:
r += [i]
return r
class ObjectListApplication(ExtApplication):
"""
ManagedObject application
"""
model = ManagedObject
# Default filter by is_managed
managed_filter = True
def queryset(self, request, query=None):
"""
Filter records for lookup
"""
self.logger.info("Queryset %s" % query)
if self.managed_filter:
q = d_Q(is_managed=True)
else:
q = d_Q()
if not request.user.is_superuser:
q &= UserAccess.Q(request.user)
if query:
sq = ManagedObject.get_search_Q(query)
if sq:
q &= sq
else:
q &= d_Q(name__contains=query)
return self.model.objects.filter(q)
def instance_to_dict(self, o, fields=None):
return {
"id":
str(o.id),
"name":
o.name,
"address":
o.address,
"profile_name":
o.profile.name,
"platform":
o.platform.name if o.platform else "",
"version":
o.version.version if o.version else "",
"row_class":
o.object_profile.style.css_class_name
if o.object_profile.style else ""
# "row_class": ""
}
def cleaned_query(self, q):
nq = {}
for k in q:
if not k.startswith("_") and "__" not in k:
nq[k] = q[k]
ids = set()
self.logger.debug("Cleaned query: %s" % nq)
if "ids" in nq:
ids = {int(nid) for nid in nq["ids"]}
del nq["ids"]
if "administrative_domain" in nq:
ad = AdministrativeDomain.get_nested_ids(
int(nq["administrative_domain"]))
if ad:
del nq["administrative_domain"]
nq["administrative_domain__in"] = ad
if "selector" in nq:
s = self.get_object_or_404(ManagedObjectSelector,
id=int(q["selector"]))
if s:
if ids:
# nq["id__in"] = set(ManagedObject.objects.filter(s.Q).values_list("id", flat=True))
ids = ids.intersection(
set(
ManagedObject.objects.filter(s.Q).values_list(
"id", flat=True)))
else:
ids = set(
ManagedObject.objects.filter(s.Q).values_list(
"id", flat=True))
del nq["selector"]
mq = None
c_in = []
c_nin = []
for cc in [part for part in nq if part.startswith("caps")]:
"""
Caps: caps0=CapsID,caps1=CapsID:true....
cq - caps query
mq - main_query
caps0=CapsID - caps is exists
caps0=!CapsID - caps is not exists
caps0=CapsID:true - caps value equal True
caps0=CapsID:2~50 - caps value many then 2 and less then 50
c_ids = set(ObjectCapabilities.objects(cq).distinct('object'))
"""
# @todo Убирать дубликаты (повторно не добавлять)
c = nq.pop(cc)
if not c:
continue
if not mq:
mq = m_Q()
self.logger.info("Caps: %s" % c)
if "!" in c:
# @todo Добавить исключение (только этот) !ID
c_id = c[1:]
c_query = "nexists"
elif ":" not in c:
c_id = c
c_query = "exists"
else:
c_id, c_query = c.split(":", 1)
try:
c_id = bson.ObjectId(c_id)
except bson.errors.InvalidId as e:
self.logger.warning(e)
continue
if "~" in c_query:
l, r = c_query.split("~")
if not l:
cond = {"$lte": int(r)}
elif not r:
cond = {"$gte": int(l)}
else:
cond = {"$lte": int(r), "$gte": int(l)}
cq = m_Q(__raw__={
"caps": {
"$elemMatch": {
"capability": c_id,
"value": cond
}
}
})
elif c_query in ("false", "true"):
cq = m_Q(caps__match={
"capability": c_id,
"value": c_query == "true"
})
elif c_query == "exists":
c_in += [c_id]
continue
elif c_query == "nexists":
c_nin += [c_id]
continue
else:
try:
c_query = int(c_query)
cq = m_Q(
__raw__={
"caps": {
"$elemMatch": {
"capability": c_id,
"value": int(c_query)
}
}
})
except ValueError:
cq = m_Q(
__raw__={
"caps": {
"$elemMatch": {
"capability": c_id,
"value": {
"$regex": c_query
}
}
}
})
mq &= cq
if c_in:
mq &= m_Q(caps__capability__in=c_in)
if c_nin:
mq &= m_Q(caps__capability__nin=c_nin)
if mq:
c_ids = set(el["_id"] for el in ObjectCapabilities.objects(
mq).values_list("object").as_pymongo())
self.logger.info("Caps objects count: %d" % len(c_ids))
ids = ids.intersection(c_ids) if ids else c_ids
if "addresses" in nq:
if isinstance(nq["addresses"], list):
nq["address__in"] = nq["addresses"]
else:
nq["address__in"] = [nq["addresses"]]
del nq["addresses"]
if ids:
nq["id__in"] = list(ids)
xf = list((set(nq.keys())) -
set(f.name for f in self.model._meta.get_fields()))
# @todo move validation fields
for x in xf:
if x in ["address__in", "id__in", "administrative_domain__in"]:
continue
self.logger.warning("Remove element not in model: %s" % x)
del nq[x]
return nq
def extra_query(self, q, order):
extra = {"select": {}}
if "address" in order:
extra["select"]["ex_address"] = " cast_test_to_inet(address) "
extra["order_by"] = ["ex_address", "address"]
elif "-address" in order:
extra["select"]["ex_address"] = " cast_test_to_inet(address) "
extra["order_by"] = ["-ex_address", "-address"]
self.logger.info("Extra: %s" % extra)
return extra, [] if "order_by" in extra else order
@view(method=["GET", "POST"], url="^$", access="read", api=True)
def api_list(self, request):
return self.list_data(request, self.instance_to_dict)
@view(
method=["POST"],
url="^iplist/$",
access="launch",
api=True,
validate={
"query":
DictParameter(
attrs={
"addresses":
ListOfParameter(element=IPv4Parameter(), convert=True)
})
},
)
def api_action_ip_list(self, request, query):
# @todo Required user vault implementation
return self.render_json({"status": True})
def execute(self):
r = []
v = self.cli("show interfaces status")
t = parse_table(v)
for i in t:
iface = {"local_interface": i[0], "neighbors": []}
v = self.cli("show lldp neighbors interface %s" % i[0])
for m in self.rx_entity.finditer(v):
n = {}
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = {
"chassis component": 1,
"interface alias": 2,
"port component": 3,
"mac address": 4,
"network address": 5,
"interface name": 6,
"local": 7,
}[m.group("chassis_id_type").strip().lower()]
n["remote_chassis_id"] = m.group("chassis_id").strip()
remote_port_subtype = m.group("port_id_type")
remote_port_subtype.replace("_", " ")
n["remote_port_subtype"] = {
"interface alias": 1,
"port component": 2,
"mac address": 3,
"network address": 4,
"interface name": 5,
"agent circuit id": 6,
"local": 7,
}[remote_port_subtype.strip().lower()]
n["remote_port"] = m.group("port_id").strip()
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 3:
n["remote_port"] = MACAddressParameter().clean(
n["remote_port"])
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 4:
n["remote_port"] = IPv4Parameter().clean(n["remote_port"])
if m.group("port_description").strip():
n["remote_port_description"] = re.sub(
r"\n\s*", "",
m.group("port_description").strip())
if m.group("system_name").strip():
n["remote_system_name"] = m.group("system_name").strip()
if m.group("system_description").strip():
n["remote_system_description"] = re.sub(
r"\n\s*", "",
m.group("system_description").strip())
caps = 0
for c in m.group("system_capabilities").split(","):
c = c.strip()
if not c:
break
caps |= {
"Other": 1,
"Repeater": 2,
"Bridge": 4,
"WLAN Access Point": 8,
"Router": 16,
"Telephone": 32,
"DOCSIS Cable Device": 64,
"Station Only": 128,
}[c]
n["remote_capabilities"] = caps
iface["neighbors"] += [n]
if iface["neighbors"]:
r += [iface]
return r
def execute(self):
r = []
try:
v = self.cli("show lldp remote_ports mode normal")
except self.CLISyntaxError:
raise self.NotSupportedError()
v = "\n" + v
# For each interface
for s in self.rx_line.split(v)[1:]:
match = self.rx_id.search(s)
if not match:
continue
port_id = match.group("port_id")
match = self.rx_re_ent.search(s)
if not match:
continue
# Remote Entities Count : 0
if match.group("re_ent") == "0":
continue
i = {"local_interface": port_id, "neighbors": []}
# For each neighbor
for s1 in self.rx_line1.split(s)[1:]:
n = {}
# remote_chassis_id_subtype
match = self.rx_remote_chassis_id_subtype.search(s1)
if not match:
# Debug string
self.debug('remote_chassis_id_subtype is empty!')
continue
remote_chassis_id_subtype = match.group("subtype").strip()
# TODO: Find other subtypes
# 0 is reserved
if remote_chassis_id_subtype == "Chassis Component":
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 1
elif remote_chassis_id_subtype == "Interface Alias":
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 2
elif remote_chassis_id_subtype == "Port Component":
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 3
elif remote_chassis_id_subtype == "MAC Address":
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 4
elif remote_chassis_id_subtype.lower() == "macaddress":
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 4
elif remote_chassis_id_subtype == "Network Address":
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 5
elif remote_chassis_id_subtype == "Interface Name":
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 6
elif remote_chassis_id_subtype.lower() == "local":
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 7
# 8-255 are reserved
# remote_chassis_id
match = self.rx_remote_chassis_id.search(s1)
if not match:
# Debug string
self.debug('remote_chassis_id is empty!')
continue
n["remote_chassis_id"] = match.group("id").strip()
# remote_port_subtype
match = self.rx_remote_port_id_subtype.search(s1)
if not match:
# Debug string
self.debug('remote_port_id_subtype is empty!')
continue
remote_port_subtype = match.group("subtype").strip()
# TODO: Find other subtypes
# 0 is reserved
if remote_port_subtype == "Interface Alias":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 1
if remote_port_subtype == "INTERFACE_ALIAS":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 1
# DES-3526 6.00 B48 and DES-3526 6.00 B49
if remote_port_subtype == "NTERFACE_ALIAS":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 1
elif remote_port_subtype == "Port Component":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 2
elif remote_port_subtype == "MAC Address":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 3
elif remote_port_subtype.lower() == "macaddress":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 3
elif remote_port_subtype == "Network Address":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 4
elif remote_port_subtype == "Interface Name":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 5
elif remote_port_subtype == "INTERFACE_NAME":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 5
elif remote_port_subtype == "Agent Circuit ID":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 6
elif remote_port_subtype.lower() == "local":
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 7
# 8-255 are reserved
# remote_port
match = self.rx_remote_port_id.search(s1)
if not match:
# Try to parse string like
# Port Description : D-Link DGS-3627G R3.00.B27 Port 23
# Port Description : D-Link DGS-3120-24SC R2.00.B01 Port 2 on Unit 1
match = self.rx_remote_port_id3.search(s1)
if match:
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 5
else:
# Debug string
self.debug('remote_port_id is empty!')
continue
n["remote_port"] = match.group("port").strip()
# Interface Alias
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 1:
match = self.rx_remote_port_id4.search(s1)
if match:
# Dirty hack !
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 5
n["remote_port"] = match.group("port")
# MAC Address
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 3:
# Try to convert to Interface Name
match = self.rx_remote_port_id3.search(s1)
if match:
n["remote_port_subtype"] = 5
n["remote_port"] = match.group("port")
else:
try:
n["remote_port"] = \
MACAddressParameter().clean(n["remote_port"])
except:
pass
# IP Address
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 4:
n["remote_port"] = \
IPv4Parameter().clean(n["remote_port"])
'''
Possible variants of Port ID, if Remote Port ID is "Local":
Big thanks to D-Link developers :)
>>> DGS-3100 Series
1:2
>>> DES-3526/3550 Series
1/2
>>> DES-3028/3052 Series
RMON Port 2 on Unit 1
>>> Other switches
2
'''
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 7 \
and n["remote_port"].lower().startswith("rmon port"):
match = self.rx_remote_port_id2.search(n["remote_port"])
if not match:
# Debug string
self.debug('Invalid remote_port_id!')
continue
n["remote_port"] = match.group("port")
# remote_system_name
match = self.rx_remote_system_name.search(s1)
if match:
remote_system_name = match.group("name").strip()
if remote_system_name != "":
n["remote_system_name"] = remote_system_name
# remote_capabilities
caps = 0
match = self.rx_remote_capabilities.search(s1)
if match:
remote_capabilities = match.group("capabilities").strip()
# TODO: Find other capabilities
if remote_capabilities.find("Other") != -1:
caps += 1
if remote_capabilities.find("Repeater") != -1:
caps += 2
if remote_capabilities.find("Bridge") != -1:
caps += 4
if remote_capabilities.find("WLAN Access Point") != -1:
caps += 8
if remote_capabilities.find("Router") != -1:
caps += 16
if remote_capabilities.find("Telephone") != -1:
caps += 32
if remote_capabilities.find("DOCSIS Cable Device") != -1:
caps += 64
if remote_capabilities.find("Station Only") != -1:
caps += 128
# 8-15 bits are reserved
n["remote_capabilities"] = caps
i["neighbors"] += [n]
r += [i]
return r
def execute_cli(self):
r = []
try:
v = self.cli("show lldp neighbors")
except self.CLISyntaxError:
raise self.NotSupportedError()
if v.startswith("%"):
# % LLDP is not enabled
return []
v = self.rx_summary_split.split(v)[1]
lldp_interfaces = []
# Get LLDP interfaces with neighbors
for line in v.splitlines():
line = line.strip()
if not line:
break
match = self.rx_s_line.match(line)
if not match:
continue
lldp_interfaces += [match.group("local_if")]
# Get LLDP neighbors
for local_if in lldp_interfaces:
i = {"local_interface": local_if, "neighbors": []}
# Get neighbors details
try:
v = self.cli("show lldp neighbors %s detail" % local_if)
except self.CLISyntaxError:
# Found strange CLI syntax on Catalyst 4900
# Allow ONLY interface name or "detail"
# Need testing...
raise self.NotSupportedError()
# Get remote port
match = self.re_search(self.rx_remote_port, v)
remote_port = match.group("remote_if")
remote_port_subtype = 1
if is_ipv4(remote_port):
# Actually networkAddress(4)
remote_port = IPv4Parameter().clean(remote_port)
remote_port_subtype = 4
elif is_mac(remote_port):
# Actually macAddress(3)
# Convert MAC to common form
remote_port = MACAddressParameter().clean(remote_port)
remote_port_subtype = 3
elif is_int(remote_port):
# Actually local(7)
remote_port_subtype = 7
n = {
"remote_port": remote_port,
"remote_port_subtype": remote_port_subtype,
"remote_chassis_id_subtype": 4,
}
match = self.rx_descr.search(v)
if match:
n["remote_port_description"] = match.group("descr")
# Get chassis id
match = self.rx_chassis_id.search(v)
if not match:
continue
n["remote_chassis_id"] = match.group("id")
# Get capabilities
cap = 0
match = self.rx_enabled_caps.search(v)
if match:
for c in match.group("caps").split(","):
c = c.strip()
if c:
cap |= {
"O": 1,
"P": 2,
"B": 4,
"W": 8,
"R": 16,
"T": 32,
"C": 64,
"S": 128,
}[c]
n["remote_capabilities"] = cap
# Get remote chassis id
match = self.rx_system.search(v)
if match:
n["remote_system_name"] = match.group("name")
if is_ipv4(n["remote_chassis_id"]) or is_ipv6(
n["remote_chassis_id"]):
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 5
elif is_mac(n["remote_chassis_id"]):
pass
else:
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = 7
i["neighbors"] += [n]
r += [i]
return r
def decode_ipv4_address(event, value):
return IPv4Parameter().clean(value)
def execute(self):
r = []
try:
v = self.cli("show lldp neighbor-information")
except self.CLISyntaxError:
raise self.NotSupportedError()
for match in self.rx_port.finditer(v):
i = {"local_interface": match.group("port"), "neighbors": []}
for m in self.rx_entity.finditer(match.group("entities")):
n = {}
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = {
"chassis component": 1,
"interface alias": 2,
"port component": 3,
"mac address": 4,
"MAC address": 4,
"macaddress": 4,
"network address": 5,
"interface name": 6,
"local": 7
}[m.group("chassis_id_type").strip().lower()]
n["remote_chassis_id"] = m.group("chassis_id").strip()
remote_port_subtype = m.group("port_id_type")
remote_port_subtype.replace("_", " ")
n["remote_port_subtype"] = {
"interface alias": 1,
"port component": 2,
"mac address": 3,
"macAddress": 3,
"network address": 4,
"interface name": 5,
"Interface Name": 5,
"Interface name": 5,
"agent circuit id": 6,
"locally assigned": 7,
"local": 7
}[remote_port_subtype.strip().lower()]
n["remote_port"] = m.group("port_id").strip()
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 3:
n["remote_port"] = \
MACAddressParameter().clean(n["remote_port"])
if n["remote_port_subtype"] == 4:
n["remote_port"] = \
IPv4Parameter().clean(n["remote_port"])
if m.group("port_description").strip():
n["remote_port_description"] = \
m.group("port_description").strip()
if m.group("system_name").strip():
n["remote_system_name"] = \
m.group("system_name").strip()
if m.group("system_description").strip():
n["remote_system_description"] = \
m.group("system_description").strip()
caps = 0
for c in m.group("system_capabilities").split(","):
c = c.strip()
if not c:
break
caps |= {
"Other": 1,
"Repeater": 2,
"Bridge": 4,
"WLAN Access Point": 8,
"Router": 16,
"Telephone": 32,
"DOCSIS Cable Device": 64,
"Station Only": 128
}[c]
n["remote_capabilities"] = caps
i["neighbors"] += [n]
if i["neighbors"]:
r += [i]
return r
def test_ipv4_parameter():
assert IPv4Parameter().clean("192.168.0.1") == "192.168.0.1"
with pytest.raises(InterfaceTypeError):
IPv4Parameter().clean("192.168.0.256")
def execute_cli(self):
r = []
try:
v = self.cli("show lldp neighbors")
except self.CLISyntaxError:
raise self.NotSupportedError()
if v.startswith("%"):
# % LLDP is not enabled
return []
v = self.rx_summary_split.split(v)[1]
lldp_interfaces = []
# Get LLDP interfaces with neighbors
for line in v.splitlines():
line = line.strip()
if not line:
break
match = self.rx_s_line.match(line)
if not match:
continue
lldp_interfaces += [match.group("local_if")]
# Get LLDP neighbors
for local_if in lldp_interfaces:
i = {"local_interface": local_if, "neighbors": []}
# Get neighbors details
try:
v = self.cli("show lldp neighbors %s detail" % local_if)
except self.CLISyntaxError:
# Found strange CLI syntax on Catalyst 4900
# Allow ONLY interface name or "detail"
# Need testing...
raise self.NotSupportedError()
# Get remote port
match = self.re_search(self.rx_remote_port, v)
remote_port = match.group("remote_if")
remote_port_subtype = LLDP_PORT_SUBTYPE_ALIAS
if is_ipv4(remote_port):
remote_port = IPv4Parameter().clean(remote_port)
remote_port_subtype = LLDP_PORT_SUBTYPE_NETWORK_ADDRESS
elif is_mac(remote_port):
# Convert MAC to common form
remote_port = MACAddressParameter().clean(remote_port)
remote_port_subtype = LLDP_PORT_SUBTYPE_MAC
elif is_int(remote_port):
remote_port_subtype = LLDP_PORT_SUBTYPE_LOCAL
n = {
"remote_port": remote_port,
"remote_port_subtype": remote_port_subtype,
"remote_chassis_id_subtype": LLDP_CHASSIS_SUBTYPE_MAC,
}
match = self.rx_descr.search(v)
if match:
n["remote_port_description"] = match.group("descr")
# Get chassis id
match = self.rx_chassis_id.search(v)
if not match:
continue
n["remote_chassis_id"] = match.group("id")
# Get capabilities
cap = 0
match = self.rx_enabled_caps.search(v)
if match:
cap = lldp_caps_to_bits(
match.group("caps").strip().split(","),
{
"o": LLDP_CAP_OTHER,
"p": LLDP_CAP_REPEATER,
"b": LLDP_CAP_BRIDGE,
"w": LLDP_CAP_WLAN_ACCESS_POINT,
"r": LLDP_CAP_ROUTER,
"t": LLDP_CAP_TELEPHONE,
"c": LLDP_CAP_DOCSIS_CABLE_DEVICE,
"s": LLDP_CAP_STATION_ONLY,
},
)
n["remote_capabilities"] = cap
# Get remote chassis id
match = self.rx_system.search(v)
if match:
n["remote_system_name"] = match.group("name")
if is_ipv4(n["remote_chassis_id"]) or is_ipv6(
n["remote_chassis_id"]):
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = LLDP_CHASSIS_SUBTYPE_NETWORK_ADDRESS
elif is_mac(n["remote_chassis_id"]):
pass
else:
n["remote_chassis_id_subtype"] = LLDP_CHASSIS_SUBTYPE_LOCAL
i["neighbors"] += [n]
r += [i]
return r