示例#1
0
def SA():
    SA_iters = 10
    correctCount = 0
    t=0
    totalTime=0
    totalIters =0
    global sa
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1e11, .85, hcp)
    while correctCount < NUM_RIGHT:
        start = time.time()
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, SA_iters)
        fitness = fit.train()
        t = time.time() - start
        totalTime+=t
        totalIters+= SA_iters
        myWriter.addValue(fitness, "SA_fitness", runNum)
        myWriter.addValue(t, "SA_searchTimes",runNum)
        v = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
        if v == N:
            correctCount += 1
        else:
            correctCount = 0
            #SA_iters += 1
    myWriter.addValue(t,"SA_times",0)
    myWriter.addValue(int(SA_iters),"SA_iters",0)
    print str(N) + ": SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal())) + " took "+str(totalIters)+ " seconds and " + str(totalIters) + " iterations"
示例#2
0
def SA():
    SA_iters = 10
    correctCount = 0
    t = 0
    totalTime = 0
    totalIters = 0
    global sa
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1e11, .85, hcp)
    while correctCount < NUM_RIGHT:
        start = time.time()
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, SA_iters)
        fitness = fit.train()
        t = time.time() - start
        totalTime += t
        totalIters += SA_iters
        myWriter.addValue(fitness, "SA_fitness", runNum)
        myWriter.addValue(t, "SA_searchTimes", runNum)
        v = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
        if v == N:
            correctCount += 1
        else:
            correctCount = 0
            #SA_iters += 1
    myWriter.addValue(t, "SA_times", 0)
    myWriter.addValue(int(SA_iters), "SA_iters", 0)
    print str(N) + ": SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal())) + " took " + str(
        totalIters) + " seconds and " + str(totalIters) + " iterations"
示例#3
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def run_four_peaks_exploringSA():

    N=200
    T=N/5
    fill = [2] * N
    ranges = array('i', fill)

    ef = FourPeaksEvaluationFunction(T)
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
    mf = DiscreteChangeOneMutation(ranges)
    cf = SingleCrossOver()
    df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
    pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

    iters = [50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000, 25000, 30000, 35000, 40000, 45000, 50000]
    num_repeats = 5


    all_sa_results = []
    all_sa_times = []


    coolings = [0.15, 0.35, 0.55, 0.75, 0.95]
    for cooling in coolings:
        sa_results = []
        sa_times = []
        for i in iters:
            print(i)
            for j in range(num_repeats):
                start = time.time()
                sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, cooling, hcp)
                fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, i)
                fit.train()
                end = time.time()
                sa_results.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
                sa_times.append(end - start)
                print "SA cooling " + str(cooling) + ": "  + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        all_sa_results.append(sa_results)
        all_sa_results.append(sa_times)
   


   

    with open('four_peaks_exploringSA.csv', 'w') as csvfile:
        writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
        for sa_results in all_sa_results:
            writer.writerow(sa_results)
        for sa_times in all_sa_times:
            writer.writerow(sa_times)

    return all_sa_results, all_sa_times
示例#4
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def run_sa(t, CE):
    fname = outfile.format('SA{}'.format(CE), str(t + 1))
    with open(fname, 'a+') as f:
        content = f.read()
        if "fitness" not in content:
            f.write('iterations,fitness,time,fevals\n')
    ef = FlipFlopEvaluationFunction()
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E10, CE, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 10)
    times = [0]
    for i in range(0, maxIters, 10):
        start = clock()
        fit.train()
        elapsed = time.clock() - start
        times.append(times[-1] + elapsed)
        fevals = ef.fevals
        score = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
        ef.fevals -= 1
        st = '{},{},{},{}\n'.format(i, score, times[-1], fevals)
        # print st
        base.write_to_file(fname, st)
    return
示例#5
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def run_sa(hcp, ef, iterations=200000):
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iterations)
    fit.train()

    optimal_result = str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
    print "SA: " + optimal_result

    return optimal_result, iterations
示例#6
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    def run_experiment(self, opName):
        """Run a simulated annealing optimization experiment for a given
        optimization problem.

        Args:
            ef (AbstractEvaluationFunction): Evaluation function.
            ranges (array): Search space ranges.
            op (str): Name of optimization problem.

        """
        outdir = 'results/OPT/{}'.format(opName)  # get results directory
        outfile = 'SA_{}_results.csv'.format(self.cr)
        fname = get_abspath(outfile, outdir)  # get output filename

        # delete existing results file, if it already exists
        try:
            os.remove(fname)
        except Exception as e:
            print e
            pass

        with open(fname, 'w') as f:
            f.write('iterations,fitness,time,fevals,trial\n')

        # start experiment
        for t in range(self.numTrials):
            # initialize optimization problem and training functions
            ranges, ef = self.op.get_ef()
            nf = None
            if opName == 'TSP':
                nf = SwapNeighbor()
            else:
                nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
            odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
            hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
            sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E10, self.cr, hcp)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 10)

            # run experiment and train evaluation function
            start = time.clock()
            for i in range(0, self.maxIters, 10):
                fit.train()
                elapsed = time.clock() - start
                fe = ef.valueCallCount
                score = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
                ef.valueCallCount -= 1

                # write results to output file
                s = '{},{},{},{},{}\n'.format(i + 10, score, elapsed, fe, t)
                with open(fname, 'a+') as f:
                    f.write(s)
示例#7
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文件: tsp.py 项目: dm458/abores3
def run_sa(t, CE):
    fname = outfile.format('SA{}'.format(CE), str(t + 1))
    ef = TravelingSalesmanRouteEvaluationFunction(points)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E10, CE, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 10)
    times = [0]
    for i in range(0, maxIters, 10):
        start = clock()
        fit.train()
        elapsed = time.clock() - start
        times.append(times[-1] + elapsed)
        fevals = ef.fevals
        score = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
        ef.fevals -= 1
        st = '{},{},{},{}\n'.format(i, score, times[-1], fevals)
        # print st
        base.write_to_file(fname, st)
    return
示例#8
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def run_sa(t, CE):
    fname = outfile.format('SA{}'.format(CE), str(t + 1))
    base.write_header(fname)
    ef = ContinuousPeaksEvaluationFunction(T)
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E10, CE, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 10)
    times = [0]
    for i in range(0, maxIters, 10):
        start = clock()
        fit.train()
        elapsed = time.clock() - start
        times.append(times[-1] + elapsed)
        fevals = ef.fevals
        score = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
        ef.fevals -= 1
        st = '{},{},{},{}\n'.format(i, score, times[-1], fevals)
        # print st
        base.write_to_file(fname, st)
    return
示例#9
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        with open(fname, 'w') as f:
            f.write('iterations,fitness,time,fevals\n')
        ef = FlipFlopEvaluationFunction()
        odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
        nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
        hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E10, CE, hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 10)
        times = [0]
        for i in range(0, maxIters, 10):
            start = clock()
            fit.train()
            elapsed = time.clock() - start
            times.append(times[-1] + elapsed)
            fevals = ef.fevals
            score = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
            ef.fevals -= 1
            st = '{},{},{},{}\n'.format(i, score, times[-1], fevals)
            print(st)
            with open(fname, 'a') as f:
                f.write(st)

# GA
for t in range(numTrials):
    for pop, mate, mutate in product([100], [50, 30, 10], [50, 30, 10]):
        fname = outfile.format('GA{}_{}_{}'.format(pop, mate, mutate),
                               str(t + 1))
        with open(fname, 'w') as f:
            f.write('iterations,fitness,time,fevals\n')
        ef = FlipFlopEvaluationFunction()
        odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    mf = SwapMutation()
    cf = TravelingSalesmanCrossOver(ef)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)

    expt = "expt_avg"

    rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, 200000)
    score_RHC.append(train(rhc, "RHC", ef, 200000, "test", expt))
    print "RHC Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))

    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E9, .98, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 200000)
    score_SA.append(train(sa, "SA", ef, 200000, "test", expt))
    print "SA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))

    ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(225, 40, 5, gap)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 1000)
    score_GA.append(train(ga, "GA", ef, 40000, "test", expt))
    print "GA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))

    # for mimic we use a sort encoding
    ef = TravelingSalesmanSortEvaluationFunction(points)
    fill = [N] * N
    ranges = array('i', fill)
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
    pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

    mimic = MIMIC(150, 20, pop)
示例#11
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        fit.train()
        value += ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())
    end = time.time()
    clock_time = (end - start) / nsample
    value = round(value / nsample, 2)
    print "RHC " + str(value), iters, clock_time

#-- Simulated Annealing
sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
for iters in niters:
    start = time.time()
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iters)
    value = 0
    for isample in range(nsample):
        fit.train()
        value += ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
    end = time.time()
    clock_time = (end - start) / nsample
    value = round(value / nsample, 2)
    print "SA " + str(value), iters, clock_time

#-- Genetic Algorithm
ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, gap)
for iters in niters:
    start = time.time()
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, iters)
    value = 0
    for isample in range(nsample):
        fit.train()
        value += ef.value(ga.getOptimal())
    end = time.time()
    for SA_COOLING_FACTOR in SA_COOLING_FACTOR_pool:
        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(SA_TEMPERATURE, SA_COOLING_FACTOR, hcp)
        fit_sa = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, n_iteration)

        print("calculating for cooling rate = %f" % SA_COOLING_FACTOR)

        # Training
        start_sa = time.time()
        fit_sa.train()
        end_sa = time.time()

        # Result extracting
        last_training_time_sa = end_sa - start_sa
        sa_training_time[n].append(last_training_time_sa)
        sa_fitness[n].append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))

overall_sa_training_time = list_avg(*sa_training_time)
overall_sa_fitness = list_avg(*sa_fitness)

with open(OUTPUT_FILE, "w") as outFile:
    for i in range(1):
        outFile.write(
            ','.join(["sa_cooling_factor", "sa_fitness", "sa_training_time"]) +
            '\n')
    for i in range(len(SA_COOLING_FACTOR_pool)):
        outFile.write(','.join([
            str(SA_COOLING_FACTOR_pool[i]),
            str(overall_sa_fitness[i]),
            str(overall_sa_training_time[i])
        ]) + '\n')
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, it_rhc)
fit.train()
op = rhc.getOptimal();
network_rhc.setWeights(op.getData())
print "\nRHC training error:", errorRate(network_rhc, train)
print "RHC training confusion matrix:", confusionMatrix(network_rhc, train)
print "    RHC test error:", errorRate(network_rhc, test)
print "    RHC test confusion matrix:", confusionMatrix(network_rhc, test)

# learn weights with simulated annealing
network_sa = factory.createClassificationNetwork([inputLayer, hiddenLayer, outputLayer])
nnop_sa = NeuralNetworkOptimizationProblem(set, network_sa, measure)
sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, 0.95, nnop_sa)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, it_sa)
fit.train()
op = sa.getOptimal();
network_sa.setWeights(op.getData())
print "\nSA training error:", errorRate(network_sa, train)
print "SA training confusion matrix:", confusionMatrix(network_sa, train)
print "    SA test error:", errorRate(network_sa, test)
print "    SA test confusion matrix:", confusionMatrix(network_sa, test)

exit()

# learn weights with generic algorithms
network_ga = factory.createClassificationNetwork([inputLayer, hiddenLayer, outputLayer])
nnop_ga = NeuralNetworkOptimizationProblem(set, network_ga, measure)
ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, nnop_ga)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, it_ga)
fit.train()
op = ga.getOptimal();
示例#14
0
    start_ga = time.time()
    fit_ga.train()
    end_ga = time.time()

    start_mimic = time.time()
    fit_mimic.train()
    end_mimic = time.time()

    # Result handling
    last_train_time_rhc = end_rhc - start_rhc
    rhc_train_time[repetition].append(last_train_time_rhc)
    rhc_accuracy[repetition].append(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))

    last_train_time_sa = end_sa - start_sa
    sa_train_time[repetition].append(last_train_time_sa)
    sa_accuracy[repetition].append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))

    last_train_time_ga = end_ga - start_ga
    ga_train_time[repetition].append(last_train_time_ga)
    ga_accuracy[repetition].append(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))

    last_train_time_mimic = end_mimic - start_mimic
    mimic_train_time[repetition].append(last_train_time_mimic)
    mimic_accuracy[repetition].append(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))

    while current_iteration_count <= MAX_ITERATION - ITERATION_STEP:
        print("Computing for %d iterations" %
              (current_iteration_count + ITERATION_STEP))
        # Trainer declaration
        fit_rhc = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, ITERATION_STEP)
        fit_sa = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, ITERATION_STEP)
i = 0
while (max < goal and i < timeout):
    rhc.train()
    i += 1
    max = ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())
    #print "rhc,", i,",", max, ',', goal
print "rhc,", i,",", max, ',', goal

# run SA
sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
max = 0
i = 0
while (max < goal and i < timeout):
    sa.train()
    i += 1
    max = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
    #print "sa,", i,",", max, ',', goal
print "sa,", i,",", max, ',', goal

# run GA
ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 25, gap)
max = 0
i = 0
while (max < goal and i < timeout):
    ga.train()
    i += 200
    max = ef.value(ga.getOptimal())
    #print "ga,", i,",", max, ',', goal
print "ga,", i,",", max, ',', goal

# run MIMIC
pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

from time import time

rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, 600000)
t0 = time()
fit.train()
print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())), "time taken", time() - t0

sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 600000)

t0 = time()
fit.train()
print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal())), "time taken", time() - t0

ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, gap)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 20000)

t0 = time()
fit.train()

print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal())), "time taken", time() - t0

mimic = MIMIC(50, 10, pop)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, 10000)

t0 = time()
fit.train()
示例#17
0
def run_count_ones_experiments():
    OUTPUT_DIRECTORY = './output'
    N = 80
    fill = [2] * N
    ranges = array('i', fill)
    ef = CountOnesEvaluationFunction()
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
    mf = DiscreteChangeOneMutation(ranges)
    cf = SingleCrossOver()
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
    max_iter = 5000
    outfile = OUTPUT_DIRECTORY + '/count_ones_{}_log.csv'

    # Randomized Hill Climber
    filename = outfile.format('rhc')
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
        f.write('iteration,fitness,time\n')
    for it in range(0, max_iter, 10):
        rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, it)
        start_time = time.clock()
        fit.train()
        elapsed_time = time.clock() - start_time
        # fevals = ef.fevals
        score = ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())
        data = '{},{},{}\n'.format(it, score, elapsed_time)
        print(data)
        with open(filename, 'a') as f:
            f.write(data)

    # Simulated Annealing
    filename = outfile.format('sa')
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
        f.write('iteration,cooling_value,fitness,time\n')
    for cooling_value in (.19, .38, .76, .95):
        for it in range(0, max_iter, 10):
            sa = SimulatedAnnealing(100, cooling_value, hcp)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, it)
            start_time = time.clock()
            fit.train()
            elapsed_time = time.clock() - start_time
            # fevals = ef.fevals
            score = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
            data = '{},{},{},{}\n'.format(it, cooling_value, score, elapsed_time)
            print(data)
            with open(filename, 'a') as f:
                f.write(data)

    # Genetic Algorithm
    filename = outfile.format('ga')
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
        f.write('iteration,population_size,to_mate,to_mutate,fitness,time\n')
    for population_size, to_mate, to_mutate in itertools.product([20], [4, 8, 16, 20], [0, 2, 4, 6]):
        for it in range(0, max_iter, 10):
            ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(population_size, to_mate, to_mutate, gap)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, it)
            start_time = time.clock()
            fit.train()
            elapsed_time = time.clock() - start_time
            # fevals = ef.fevals
            score = ef.value(ga.getOptimal())
            data = '{},{},{},{},{},{}\n'.format(it, population_size, to_mate, to_mutate, score, elapsed_time)
            print(data)
            with open(filename, 'a') as f:
                f.write(data)

    # MIMIC
    filename = outfile.format('mm')
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
        f.write('iterations,samples,to_keep,m,fitness,time\n')
    for samples, to_keep, m in itertools.product([50], [10], [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9]):
        for it in range(0, 500, 10):
            df = DiscreteDependencyTree(m, ranges)
            pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)
            mm = MIMIC(samples, 20, pop)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mm, it)
            start_time = time.clock()
            fit.train()
            elapsed_time = time.clock() - start_time
            # fevals = ef.fevals
            score = ef.value(mm.getOptimal())
            data = '{},{},{},{},{},{}\n'.format(it, samples, to_keep, m, score, elapsed_time)
            print(data)
            with open(filename, 'a') as f:
                f.write(data)
示例#18
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def main():

    iterations = 200000
    alg = 'all'
    gaPop = 2000
    gaMate = 1500
    gaMutate = 250
    mimicSamples = 500
    mimicToKeep = 100
    saTemp = 1E12
    saCooling = .999
    gaIters = 1000
    mimicIters = 1000
    run = 0
    settings = []

    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "ahrsgmn:i:", ["gaIters=", "mimicIters=", "gaPop=", "gaMate=", "gaMutate=", "mimicSamples=", "mimicToKeep=", "saTemp=", "saCooling="])
    except:
        print 'travelingsalesman.py -i <iterations>'
        sys.exit(2)
    for opt, arg in opts:
        if opt == '-h':
            print 'travelingsalesman.py -i <iterations>'
            sys.exit(1)
        elif opt == '-i':
            if arg < 1:
                print 'Iterations must be greater than 0'
                sys.exit(2)
            iterations = int(arg)
        elif opt == '-a':
            alg = 'all'
        elif opt == '-r':
            alg = 'RHC'
        elif opt == '-s':
            alg = 'SA'
        elif opt == '-g':
            alg = 'GA'
        elif opt == '-m':
            alg = 'MIMIC'
        elif opt == '--gaPop':
            if arg < 1:
                print 'Population must be greater than 0'
                sys.exit(2)
            gaPop = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--gaMate':
            if arg < 1:
                print 'Mating must be greater than 0'
                sys.exit(2)
            gaMate = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--gaMutate':
            if arg < 1:
                print 'Mutators must be greater than 0'
                sys.exit(2)
            gaMutate = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--mimicSamples':
            if arg < 1:
                print 'MIMIC samples must be greater than 0'
                sys.exit(2)
            mimicSamples = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--mimicToKeep':
            if arg < 1:
                print 'MIMIC to keep must be greater than 0'
                sys.exit(2)
            mimicToKeep = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--saTemp':
            saTemp = float(arg)
        elif opt == '--saCooling':
            saCooling = float(arg)
        elif opt == '-n':
            run = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--gaIters':
            if arg < 1:
                print 'GA Iterations must be greater than 0'
                sys.exit(2)
            gaIters = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--mimicIters':
            if arg < 1:
                print 'MIMIC Iterations must be greater than 0'
                sys.exit(2)
            mimicIters = int(arg)

    vars = {
            'iterations' : iterations,
            'alg' : alg,
            'gaPop' : gaPop,
            'gaMate' : gaMate,
            'gaMutate' : gaMutate,
            'mimicSamples' : mimicSamples,
            'mimicToKeep' : mimicToKeep,
            'saTemp' : saTemp,
            'saCooling' : saCooling,
            'gaIters' : gaIters,
            'mimicIters' : mimicIters,
            'run' : run
            }

    settings = getSettings(alg, settings, vars)
    if gaPop < gaMate or gaPop < gaMutate or gaMate < gaMutate:
        pebkac({gaPop: 'total population',gaMate : 'mating population', gaMutate : 'mutating population'}, alg, 'total population', settings)
    if mimicSamples < mimicToKeep:
        pebkac({mimicSamples: 'mimic samples', mimicToKeep : 'mimic to keep'}, alg, 'mimic samples', settings)
    prob = 'Traveling Sales Problem'
    invDist = {}
    cities = CityList()
    N = len(cities)
    #random = Random()
    points = [[0 for x in xrange(2)] for x in xrange(N)]
    for i in range(0, len(points)):
        coords = cities.getCoords(i)
        points[i][0] = coords[0]
        points[i][1] = coords[1]
    ef = TravelingSalesmanRouteEvaluationFunction(points)
    odd = DiscretePermutationDistribution(N)
    nf = SwapNeighbor()
    mf = SwapMutation()
    cf = TravelingSalesmanCrossOver(ef)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
    rows = []


    if alg == 'RHC' or alg == 'all':
        print '\n----------------------------------'
        print 'Using Random Hill Climbing'
        for label, setting in settings:
            print label + ":" + str(setting)
        rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, iterations)
        fit.train()
        path = []
        for x in range(0,N):
            path.append(rhc.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
        output(prob, 'RHC', path, points, settings)
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Inverse of Distance")
        row.append(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        invDist['RHC'] = ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())
        buildFooter(prob, 'RHC', rows, settings)
        outputFooter(prob, 'RHC', rows, settings)


    if alg == 'SA' or alg == 'all':
        print 'Using Simulated Annealing'
        for label, setting in settings:
            print label + ":" + str(setting)
        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(saTemp, saCooling, hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iterations)
        fit.train()
        path = []
        for x in range(0,N):
            path.append(sa.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
        output(prob, 'SA', path, points, settings)
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Inverse of Distance")
        row.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        invDist['SA'] = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
        buildFooter(prob, 'SA', rows, settings)
        outputFooter(prob, 'SA', rows, settings)

    if alg == 'GA' or alg == 'all':
        print '\n----------------------------------'
        print 'Using Genetic Algorithm'
        for label, setting in settings:
            print label + ":" + str(setting)
        ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(gaPop, gaMate, gaMutate, gap)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, gaIters)
        fit.train()
        path = []
        for x in range(0,N):
            path.append(ga.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
        output(prob, 'GA', path, points, settings)
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Inverse of Distance")
        row.append(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        invDist['GA'] = ef.value(ga.getOptimal())
        buildFooter(prob, 'GA', rows, settings)
        outputFooter(prob, 'GA', rows, settings)

    if alg == 'MIMIC' or alg == 'all':
        print '\n----------------------------------'
        print 'Using MIMIC'
        for label, setting in settings:
            print label + ":" + str(setting)
        # for mimic we use a sort encoding
        ef = TravelingSalesmanSortEvaluationFunction(points);
        fill = [N] * N
        ranges = array('i', fill)
        odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges);
        df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges);
        pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df);
        mimic = MIMIC(mimicSamples, mimicToKeep, pop)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, mimicIters)
        fit.train()
        path = []
        optimal = mimic.getOptimal()
        fill = [0] * optimal.size()
        ddata = array('d', fill)
        for i in range(0,len(ddata)):
            ddata[i] = optimal.getContinuous(i)
        order = ABAGAILArrays.indices(optimal.size())
        ABAGAILArrays.quicksort(ddata, order)
        output(prob, 'MIMIC', order, points, settings)
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Inverse of Distance")
        row.append(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        invDist['MIMIC'] = ef.value(mimic.getOptimal())
        buildFooter(prob, 'MIMIC', rows, settings)
        outputFooter(prob, 'MIMIC', rows, settings)


    maxn = max(len(key) for key in invDist)
    maxd = max(len(str(invDist[key])) for key in invDist)
    print "Results"
    for result in invDist:
        print "%-*s %s %-*s" % (len('Best Alg') + 2, result, ':', maxd, invDist[result])
    if alg == 'all':
        print "%-*s %s %-*s" % (len('Best Alg') + 2, 'Best Alg', ':', maxd, max(invDist.iterkeys(), key=(lambda key: invDist[key])))
    print '----------------------------------'
示例#19
0
for _ in range(runs):
    rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, iters)
    fitness = fit.train()
    results.append(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
    calls.append(ef.getTotalCalls())
    ef.clearCount()
print "RHC, average results , " + str(
    sum(results) / float(runs)) + ", countones-%d.txt" % N
print "RHC, average feval calls , " + str(
    sum(calls) / float(runs)) + ", countones-%d.txt" % N
t1 = time.time() - t0
print "RHC, average time , " + str(float(t1) / runs) + ", countones-%d.txt" % N

t0 = time.time()
calls = []
results = []
for _ in range(runs):
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1e10, .95, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iters)
    fitness = fit.train()
    results.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
    calls.append(ef.getTotalCalls())
    ef.clearCount()
print "SA, average results , " + str(
    sum(results) / float(runs)) + ", countones-%d.txt" % N
print "SA, average feval calls , " + str(
    sum(calls) / float(runs)) + ", countones-%d.txt" % N
t1 = time.time() - t0
print "SA, average time , " + str(t1 / float(runs)) + ", countones-%d.txt" % N
示例#20
0
def fourpeaksfunc(N, iterations):

    rhcMult = 200
    saMult = 200
    gaMult = 2
    mimicMult = 1

    optimalOut = []
    timeOut = []
    evalsOut = []

    T = N / 5
    fill = [2] * N
    ranges = array('i', fill)

    ef = FourPeaksEvaluationFunction(T)
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
    mf = DiscreteChangeOneMutation(ranges)
    cf = SingleCrossOver()
    df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
    pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

    for niter in iterations:

        iterOptimalOut = [N, niter]
        iterTimeOut = [N, niter]
        iterEvals = [N, niter]

        start = time.time()
        rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, niter * rhcMult)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        rhcOptimal = ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())
        rhcTime = end - start
        print "RHC optimum: " + str(rhcOptimal)
        print "RHC time: " + str(rhcTime)
        iterOptimalOut.append(rhcOptimal)
        iterTimeOut.append(rhcTime)
        functionEvals = ef.getNumEvals()
        ef.zeroEvals()
        iterEvals.append(functionEvals)

        start = time.time()
        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E20, .8, hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, niter * saMult)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        saOptimal = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
        saTime = end - start
        print "SA optimum: " + str(saOptimal)
        print "SA time: " + str(saTime)
        iterOptimalOut.append(saOptimal)
        iterTimeOut.append(saTime)
        functionEvals = ef.getNumEvals()
        ef.zeroEvals()
        iterEvals.append(functionEvals)

        start = time.time()
        ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, gap)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, niter * gaMult)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        gaOptimal = ef.value(ga.getOptimal())
        gaTime = end - start
        print "GA optimum: " + str(gaOptimal)
        print "GA time: " + str(gaTime)
        iterOptimalOut.append(gaOptimal)
        iterTimeOut.append(gaTime)
        functionEvals = ef.getNumEvals()
        ef.zeroEvals()
        iterEvals.append(functionEvals)

        start = time.time()
        mimic = MIMIC(200, 20, pop)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, niter * mimicMult)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        mimicOptimal = ef.value(mimic.getOptimal())
        mimicTime = end - start
        print "MIMIC optimum: " + str(mimicOptimal)
        print "MIMIC time: " + str(mimicTime)
        iterOptimalOut.append(mimicOptimal)
        iterTimeOut.append(mimicTime)
        functionEvals = ef.getNumEvals()
        ef.zeroEvals()
        iterEvals.append(functionEvals)

        optimalOut.append(iterOptimalOut)
        timeOut.append(iterTimeOut)
        evalsOut.append(iterEvals)

    return [optimalOut, timeOut, evalsOut]
示例#21
0
        cf = UniformCrossOver()
        df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
        hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
        gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
        pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

        # rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
        # fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, num_iterations)
        # fit.train()

        start = time.time()
        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(param[0], param[1], hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, num_iterations)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        value = str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        results = {
            'num_iterations': num_iterations,
            'value': value,
            'time': end - start
        }
        print 'SA', param, results
        writer.writerow(results)

        # ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(param[0], param[1], param[2], gap)
        # fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, num_iterations)
        # fit.train()
        # print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
        #
        # mimic = MIMIC(200, 100, pop)
        # fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, 1000)
示例#22
0
    max_fit = ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())
    time_optimum = [total_time, max_fit]
    hill_climbing.append(time_optimum)
    print "RHC Optimum: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))


#
# ANNEALING
for i in range(trials):
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E12, .999, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 200000)
    start = clock()
    fit.train()
    end = clock()
    total_time = end - start
    max_fit = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
    time_optimum = [total_time, max_fit]
    annealing.append(time_optimum)
    print("SA Optimum: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal())))




# GENETIC ALGO
for i in range(trials):
    ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(2000, 1500, 250, gap)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 1000)
    start = clock()
    fit.train()
    end = clock()
    total_time = end - start
示例#23
0
gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)

rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, 200000)
fit.train()
print "RHC Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
print "Route:"
path = []
for x in range(0, N):
    path.append(rhc.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
print path

sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1e12, 0.999, hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 200000)
fit.train()
print "SA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
print "Route:"
path = []
for x in range(0, N):
    path.append(sa.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
print path


ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(2000, 1500, 250, gap)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 1000)
fit.train()
print "GA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
print "Route:"
path = []
for x in range(0, N):
    path.append(ga.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
示例#24
0

print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())), "time taken", time() - t0, "Iterations:", iters

f.write("starting SA\n")
sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E13, .95, hill_climbing_problem)
t0 = time()
iters = 0
score = 0

while iters < 80000:
    score = sa.train()
    f.write(str(iters) + "," + str(score) + "\n")
    iters += 1

print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal())), "time taken", time() - t0, "Iterations", iters

ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, genetic_problem)
t0 = time()
iters = 0
score = 0

f.write("starting GA\n")
while iters < 5000:
    ga.train()
    score = ef.value(ga.getOptimal())
    f.write(str(iters) + "," + str(score) +"\n")
    iters += 1

print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal())), "time taken", time() - t0, "Iterations", iters
    ef.clearCount()
print "RHC, average results , " + str(sum(results)/float(runs))
print "RHC, average feval calls , " + str(sum(calls)/float(runs))
t1 = time.time() - t0
print "RHC, average time , " + str(float(t1)/runs)



t0 = time.time()
calls = []
results = []
for _ in range(runs):
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iters)
    fitness = fit.train()
    results.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
    calls.append(ef.getTotalCalls())
    ef.clearCount()    
print "SA95, average results , " + str(sum(results)/float(runs))
print "SA95, average feval calls , " + str(sum(calls)/float(runs))
t1 = time.time() - t0
print "SA95, average time , " + str(t1/float(runs))


t0 = time.time()
calls = []
results = []
for _ in range(runs):
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .8, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iters)
    fitness = fit.train()
示例#26
0
def run_knapsack():
    # Random number generator */
    random = Random()
    # The number of items
    NUM_ITEMS = 40
    # The number of copies each
    COPIES_EACH = 4
    # The maximum weight for a single element
    MAX_WEIGHT = 50
    # The maximum volume for a single element
    MAX_VOLUME = 50
    # The volume of the knapsack
    KNAPSACK_VOLUME = MAX_VOLUME * NUM_ITEMS * COPIES_EACH * .4

    # create copies
    fill = [COPIES_EACH] * NUM_ITEMS
    copies = array('i', fill)

    # create weights and volumes
    fill = [0] * NUM_ITEMS
    weights = array('d', fill)
    volumes = array('d', fill)
    for i in range(0, NUM_ITEMS):
        weights[i] = random.nextDouble() * MAX_WEIGHT
        volumes[i] = random.nextDouble() * MAX_VOLUME

    # create range
    fill = [COPIES_EACH + 1] * NUM_ITEMS
    ranges = array('i', fill)

    ef = KnapsackEvaluationFunction(weights, volumes, KNAPSACK_VOLUME, copies)
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
    mf = DiscreteChangeOneMutation(ranges)
    cf = UniformCrossOver()
    df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
    pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

    iters = [50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000, 25000, 50000, 100000]
    num_repeats = 5

    rhc_results = []
    rhc_times = []
    for i in iters:
        print(i)
        for j in range(num_repeats):
            start = time.time()
            rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, i)
            fit.train()
            end = time.time()
            rhc_results.append(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
            rhc_times.append(end - start)
            #print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))

    sa_results = []
    sa_times = []
    for i in iters:
        print(i)
        for j in range(num_repeats):
            start = time.time()
            sa = SimulatedAnnealing(100, .95, hcp)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, i)
            fit.train()
            end = time.time()

            sa_results.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
            sa_times.append(end - start)
            #print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))

    ga_results = []
    ga_times = []
    for i in iters:
        print(i)
        for j in range(num_repeats):
            start = time.time()
            ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 150, 25, gap)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, i)
            fit.train()
            end = time.time()
            ga_results.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
            ga_times.append(end - start)
            #print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))

    mimic_results = []
    mimic_times = []
    for i in iters[0:6]:
        print(i)
        for j in range(num_repeats):
            start = time.time()
            mimic = MIMIC(200, 100, pop)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, i)
            fit.train()
            end = time.time()
            mimic_results.append(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
            mimic_times.append(end - start)
            #print "MIMIC: " + str(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))

    with open('knapsack.csv', 'w') as csvfile:
        writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
        writer.writerow(rhc_results)
        writer.writerow(rhc_times)
        writer.writerow(sa_results)
        writer.writerow(sa_times)
        writer.writerow(ga_results)
        writer.writerow(ga_times)
        writer.writerow(mimic_results)
        writer.writerow(mimic_times)

    return rhc_results, rhc_times, sa_results, sa_times, ga_results, ga_times, mimic_results, mimic_times
示例#27
0
        rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, iteration)
        start = time.time()
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        rhc_times.append(end - start)
        rhc_acc.append(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
        print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))

        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iteration)
        start = time.time()
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        sa_times.append(end - start)
        sa_acc.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))

        ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, gap)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, iteration)
        start = time.time()
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        ga_times.append(end - start)
        ga_acc.append(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
        print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))

        mimic = MIMIC(200, 20, pop)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, iteration)
        start = time.time()
        fit.train()
示例#28
0
    print "RHC Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
    print "Route:"
    path = []
    for x in range(0, N):
        path.append(rhc.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
    print path

# ANNEALING
for i in range(trials):
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E12, .999, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 200000)
    start = clock()
    fit.train()
    end = clock()
    total_time = end - start
    max_fit = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
    time_optimum = [total_time, max_fit]
    annealing.append(time_optimum)
    print("SA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal())))
    print("Route:")
    path = []
    for x in range(0, N):
        path.append(sa.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
    print(path)

# GENETIC ALGO
for i in range(trials):
    ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(2000, 1500, 250, gap)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 1000)
    start = clock()
    fit.train()
示例#29
0
def main():
    N=200
    tempDenom = 5
    T=N/tempDenom
    fill = [2] * N
    ranges = array('i', fill)
    iterations = 2000
    gaIters = 1000
    mimicIters = 1000
    gaPop = 200
    gaMate = 100
    gaMutate = 10
    mimicSamples = 200
    mimicToKeep = 20
    saTemp = 1E11
    saCooling = .95
    alg = 'all'
    run = 0
    settings = []

    try:
       opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "ahn:rsgN:m:t:i:", ["gaIters=", "mimicIters=","gaPop=", "gaMate=", "gaMutate=", "mimicSamples=", "mimicToKeep=", "saTemp=", "saCooling="])
    except:
       print 'knapsack.py -i <iterations> -n <NUM_ITEMS> -c <COPIES_EACH> -w <MAX_WEIGHT> -v <MAX_VOLUME>'
       sys.exit(2)
    for opt, arg in opts:
       if opt == '-h':
          print 'knapsack.py -i <iterations> -n <NUM_ITEMS> -c <COPIES_EACH> -w <MAX_WEIGHT> -v <MAX_VOLUME>'
          sys.exit(1)
       elif opt == '-i':
          iterations = int(arg)
       elif opt == '-N':
          N = int(arg)
       elif opt == '-t':
           T = float(arg)
       elif opt == '-d':
          tempDenom = int(arg)
       elif opt == '-r':
           alg = 'RHC'
       elif opt == '-a':
           alg = 'all'
       elif opt == '-s':
           alg = 'SA'
       elif opt == '-g':
           alg = 'GA'
       elif opt == '-m':
           alg = 'MIMIC'
       elif opt == '--gaPop':
          gaPop = int(arg)
       elif opt == '--gaMate':
          gaMate = int(arg)
       elif opt == '--gaMutate':
          gaMutate = int(arg)
       elif opt == '--mimicSamples':
          mimicSamples = int(arg)
       elif opt == '--mimicToKeep':
          mimicToKeep = int(arg)
       elif opt == '--saTemp':
          saTemp = float(arg)
       elif opt == '--saCooling':
          saCooling = float(arg)
       elif opt == '--gaIters':
          gaIters = int(arg)
       elif opt == '--mimicIters':
          mimicIters = int(arg)
       elif opt == '-n':
           run = int(arg)


    vars = {
        'N':N,
        'tempDenom':tempDenom,
        'T':T,
        'fill':fill,
        'ranges':ranges,
        'iterations' :iterations,
        'gaIters':gaIters,
        'mimicIters':mimicIters,
        'gaPop' :gaPop,
        'gaMate' :gaMate,
        'gaMutate' :gaMutate,
        'mimicSamples' : mimicSamples,
        'mimicToKeep' : mimicToKeep,
        'saTemp' : saTemp,
        'saCooling' : saCooling,
        'alg' : alg,
        'run' : run
    }

    settings = getSettings(alg, settings, vars)

    T=N/tempDenom
    fill = [2] * N
    ranges = array('i', fill)

    ef = FourPeaksEvaluationFunction(T)
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
    mf = DiscreteChangeOneMutation(ranges)
    cf = SingleCrossOver()
    df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
    pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

    if alg == 'RHC' or alg == 'all':
        rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, iterations)
        fit.train()
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Evaluation Function Value")
        row.append(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
        output2('4Peaks', 'RHC', rows, settings)
        rows = []
        buildFooter("4Peaks", "RHC", rows, settings),
        outputFooter("4Peaks", "RHC", rows,   settings)

    if alg == 'SA' or alg == 'all':
        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(saTemp, saCooling, hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iterations)
        fit.train()
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Evaluation Function Value")
        row.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        output2('4Peaks', 'SA', rows, settings)
        rows = []
        buildFooter("4Peaks", "SA", rows, settings)
        outputFooter("4Peaks", "SA", rows, settings)

    if alg == 'GA' or alg == 'all':
        ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(gaPop, gaMate, gaMutate, gap)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, gaIters)
        fit.train()
        print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Evaluation Function Value")
        row.append(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        output2('4Peaks', 'GA', rows, settings)
        rows = []
        buildFooter("4Peaks", "GA", rows, settings)
        outputFooter("4Peaks", "GA", rows , settings)

    if alg == 'MIMIC' or alg == 'all':
        mimic = MIMIC(mimicSamples, mimicToKeep, pop)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, mimicIters)
        fit.train()
        print "MIMIC: " + str(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Evaluation Function Value")
        row.append(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        output2('4Peaks', 'MIMIC', rows, settings)
        rows = []
        buildFooter("4Peaks", "GA", rows, settings)
        outputFooter("4Peaks", "MIMIC", rows, settings)
def run_traveling_salesman():
    # set N value.  This is the number of points
    N = 50
    random = Random()

    points = [[0 for x in xrange(2)] for x in xrange(N)]
    for i in range(0, len(points)):
        points[i][0] = random.nextDouble()
        points[i][1] = random.nextDouble()

    ef = TravelingSalesmanRouteEvaluationFunction(points)
    odd = DiscretePermutationDistribution(N)
    nf = SwapNeighbor()
    mf = SwapMutation()
    cf = TravelingSalesmanCrossOver(ef)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)

    iters = [50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000, 25000, 50000, 100000]
    num_repeats = 5

    rhc_results = []
    rhc_times = []
    for i in iters:
        print(i)
        for j in range(num_repeats):
            start = time.time()
            rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, i)
            fit.train()
            end = time.time()
            rhc_results.append(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
            rhc_times.append(end - start)
            print "RHC Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
            # print "Route:"
            # path = []
            # for x in range(0,N):
            #     path.append(rhc.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
            # print path

    sa_results = []
    sa_times = []
    for i in iters:
        print(i)
        for j in range(num_repeats):
            start = time.time()
            sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E12, .999, hcp)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, i)
            fit.train()
            sa_results.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
            sa_times.append(end - start)
            print "SA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
            # print "Route:"
            # path = []
            # for x in range(0,N):
            #     path.append(sa.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
            # print path

    ga_results = []
    ga_times = []
    for i in iters:
        print(i)
        for j in range(num_repeats):
            start = time.time()
            ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(2000, 1500, 250, gap)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, i)
            fit.train()
            end = time.time()
            ga_results.append(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
            print "GA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
            ga_times.append(end - start)
            # print "Route:"
            # path = []
            # for x in range(0,N):
            #     path.append(ga.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
            # print path

    # for mimic we use a sort encoding
    ef = TravelingSalesmanSortEvaluationFunction(points)
    fill = [N] * N
    ranges = array('i', fill)
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
    pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

    mimic_results = []
    mimic_times = []
    for i in iters[0:6]:
        print(i)
        for j in range(num_repeats):
            start = time.time()
            mimic = MIMIC(500, 100, pop)
            fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, i)
            fit.train()
            end = time.time()

            mimic_results.append(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
            print "MIMIC Inverse of Distance: " + str(
                ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
            # print "Route:"
            # path = []
            # optimal = mimic.getOptimal()
            # fill = [0] * optimal.size()
            # ddata = array('d', fill)
            # for i in range(0,len(ddata)):
            #     ddata[i] = optimal.getContinuous(i)
            # order = ABAGAILArrays.indices(optimal.size())
            # ABAGAILArrays.quicksort(ddata, order)
            # print order
            mimic_times.append(end - start)

    with open('travelingsalesman.csv', 'w') as csvfile:
        writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
        writer.writerow(rhc_results)
        writer.writerow(rhc_times)
        writer.writerow(sa_results)
        writer.writerow(sa_times)
        writer.writerow(ga_results)
        writer.writerow(ga_times)
        writer.writerow(mimic_results)
        writer.writerow(mimic_times)

    return rhc_results, rhc_times, sa_results, sa_times, ga_results, ga_times, mimic_results, mimic_times
示例#31
0
    start = time.time()
    fit.train()
    end = time.time()
    training_time = end - start
    print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
    OUTFILE = "%s%s.csv" % (OUTFILE_BASE, "RHC")
    with open(OUTFILE, 'a+') as f:
        f.write("%d,%f,%f\n" % (N, training_time, ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())))

    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 100)
    start = time.time()
    fit.train()
    end = time.time()
    training_time = end - start
    print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
    OUTFILE = "%s%s.csv" % (OUTFILE_BASE, "SA")
    with open(OUTFILE, 'a+') as f:
        f.write("%d,%f,%f\n" % (N, training_time, ef.value(sa.getOptimal())))

    ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, gap)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 10)
    start = time.time()
    fit.train()
    end = time.time()
    training_time = end - start
    print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
    OUTFILE = "%s%s.csv" % (OUTFILE_BASE, "GA")
    with open(OUTFILE, 'a+') as f:
        f.write("%d,%f,%f\n" % (N, training_time, ef.value(ga.getOptimal())))
示例#32
0
def main():

    # The number of items
    NUM_ITEMS = 40
    # The number of copies each
    COPIES_EACH = 4
    # The maximum weight for a single element
    MAX_WEIGHT = 50
    # The maximum volume for a single element
    MAX_VOLUME = 50

    iterations = 20000
    gaIters = 1000
    mimicIters = 1000
    gaPop = 200
    gaMate = 150
    gaMutate = 25
    mimicSamples = 200
    mimicToKeep = 100
    saTemp = 100
    saCooling = .95
    alg = 'all'
    run = 0
    settings = []

    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "ahrsgmn:N:c:w:v:i:", ["gaIters=", "mimicIters=","gaPop=", "gaMate=", "gaMutate=", "mimicSamples=", "mimicToKeep=", "saTemp=", "saCooling="])
    except:
        print 'knapsack.py -i <iterations> -n <NUM_ITEMS> -c <COPIES_EACH> -w <MAX_WEIGHT> -v <MAX_VOLUME>'
        sys.exit(2)
    for opt, arg in opts:
        if opt == '-h':
            print 'knapsack.py -i <iterations> -n <NUM_ITEMS> -c <COPIES_EACH> -w <MAX_WEIGHT> -v <MAX_VOLUME>'
            sys.exit(1)
        elif opt == '-i':
            iterations = int(arg)
        elif opt == '-N':
            NUM_ITEMS = int(arg)
        elif opt == '-c':
            COPIES_EACH = int(arg)
        elif opt == '-w':
            MAX_WEIGHT = int(arg)
        elif opt == '-v':
            MAX_VOLUME = int(arg)
        elif opt == '-n':
            run = int(arg)
        elif opt == '-r':
            alg = 'RHC'
        elif opt == '-s':
            alg = 'SA'
        elif opt == '-g':
            alg = 'GA'
        elif opt == '-m':
            alg = 'MIMIC'
        elif opt == '-a':
            alg = 'all'
        elif opt == '--gaPop':
            gaPop = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--gaMate':
            gaMate = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--gaMutate':
            gaMutate = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--mimicSamples':
            mimicSamples = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--mimicToKeep':
            mimicToKeep = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--saTemp':
            saTemp = float(arg)
        elif opt == '--saCooling':
            saCooling = float(arg)
        elif opt == '--gaIters':
            gaIters = int(arg)
        elif opt == '--mimicIters':
            mimicIters = int(arg)
    vars ={
    'NUM_ITEMS' : NUM_ITEMS,
    'COPIES_EACH' : COPIES_EACH,
    'MAX_WEIGHT' : MAX_WEIGHT,
    'MAX_VOLUME' : MAX_VOLUME,
    'iterations' : iterations,
    'gaIters' : gaIters,
    'mimicIters' : mimicIters,
    'gaPop' : gaPop,
    'gaMate' : gaMate,
    'gaMutate' : gaMutate,
    'mimicSamples' : mimicSamples,
    'mimicToKeep' : mimicToKeep,
    'saTemp' : saTemp,
    'saCooling' : saCooling,
    'alg' : alg,
    'run' : run
    }

    settings = getSettings(alg, settings, vars)
    # Random number generator */
    random = Random()

    # The volume of the knapsack
    KNAPSACK_VOLUME = MAX_VOLUME * NUM_ITEMS * COPIES_EACH * .4

    # create copies
    fill = [COPIES_EACH] * NUM_ITEMS
    copies = array('i', fill)

    # create weights and volumes
    fill = [0] * NUM_ITEMS
    weights = array('d', fill)
    volumes = array('d', fill)
    for i in range(0, NUM_ITEMS):
        weights[i] = random.nextDouble() * MAX_WEIGHT
        volumes[i] = random.nextDouble() * MAX_VOLUME


    # create range
    fill = [COPIES_EACH + 1] * NUM_ITEMS
    ranges = array('i', fill)

    ef = KnapsackEvaluationFunction(weights, volumes, KNAPSACK_VOLUME, copies)
    odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
    nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
    mf = DiscreteChangeOneMutation(ranges)
    cf = UniformCrossOver()
    df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
    hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
    gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
    pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

    if alg == 'RHC' or alg == 'all':
        rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, iterations)
        fit.train()
        print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Evaluation Function Value")
        row.append(str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())))
        rows.append(row)
        output2('Knapsack', 'RHC', rows, settings)
        rows = []
        buildFooter("Knapsack", "RHC", rows, settings)
        outputFooter("Knapsack", "RHC", rows , settings)
    if alg == 'SA' or alg == 'all':
        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(saTemp, saCooling, hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iterations)
        fit.train()
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Evaluation Function Value")
        row.append(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        output2('Knapsack', 'SA', rows, settings)
        rows = []
        buildFooter("Knapsack", "SA", rows, settings)
        outputFooter("Knapsack", "SA", rows, settings)
    if alg == 'GA' or alg == 'all':
        ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(gaPop, gaMate, gaMutate, gap)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, gaIters)
        fit.train()
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Evaluation Function Value")
        row.append(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
        output2('Knapsack', 'GA', rows, settings)
        buildFooter("Knapsack", "GA", rows, settings)
        outputFooter("Knapsack", "GA", rows , settings)
    if alg == 'MIMIC' or alg == 'all':
        mimic = MIMIC(mimicSamples, mimicToKeep, pop)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, mimicIters)
        fit.train()
        print "MIMIC: " + str(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
        rows = []
        row = []
        row.append("Evaluation Function Value")
        row.append(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
        rows.append(row)
        output2('Knapsack', 'MIMIC', rows, settings)
        rows = []
        buildFooter("Knapsack", "MIMIC", rows, settings)
        outputFooter("Knapsack", "MIMIC", rows , settings)
示例#33
0
pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, 200000)
fit.train()
rhc_opt = ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())
print("RHC: " + str(rhc_opt))
# print "RHC: Board Position: "
# print(ef.boardPositions())

print("============================")

sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E1, .1, hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 200000)
fit.train()
sa_opt = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
print("SA: " + str(sa_opt))
# print("SA: Board Position: ")
# print(ef.boardPositions())

print("============================")

ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 0, 10, gap)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 1000)
fit.train()
ga_opt = ef.value(ga.getOptimal())
print("GA: " + str(ga_opt))
# print("GA: Board Position: ")
# print(ef.boardPositions())
print("============================")
示例#34
0
ef = ContinuousPeaksEvaluationFunction(T)
odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
mf = DiscreteChangeOneMutation(ranges)
cf = SingleCrossOver()
df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, 200000)
fit.train()
print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))

sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 200000)
fit.train()
print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))

ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, gap)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 1000)
fit.train()
print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))

mimic = MIMIC(200, 20, pop)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, 1000)
fit.train()
print "MIMIC: " + str(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
示例#35
0
    fit.train()
    dur = time.time() - start
    print "Iters: " + str(iters) + ", Fitness: " + str(
        ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())) + ", Dur: " + str(dur)

print "Simulated Annealing"
temp = 100000
cooling_rate = 0.85
sa = SimulatedAnnealing(temp, 0.85, hcp)
for iters in iters_list:
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iters)
    start = time.time()
    fit.train()
    dur = time.time() - start
    print "Iters: " + str(iters) + ", Fitness: " + str(
        ef.value(sa.getOptimal())) + ", Dur: " + str(dur)

print "Genetic Algorithm"
ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(2 * N, 300, 100, gap)
for iters in iters_list:
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, iters)
    start = time.time()
    fit.train()
    dur = time.time() - start
    print "Iters: " + str(iters) + ", Fitness: " + str(
        ef.value(ga.getOptimal())) + ", Dur: " + str(dur)

print "MIMIC"
# the number of samples to take each iteration
# The number of samples to keep
mimic = MIMIC(250, 25, pop)
示例#36
0
#"""
#=======================
# Simulated Annealing
#=======================
print "Starting Simulated Annealing Seacrh..."
sa = SimulatedAnnealing(SA_start_temp, SA_temp_decay, hcp)
sa_iters = []
sa_fitness = []
sa_time = []

for i in maxiters_sa:
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, i)
    t1=time.time()
    fit.train()
    t2=time.time()
    fitness = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
    time_ms=round(1000*(t2-t1),2)
    sa_fitness.append(fitness)
    sa_time.append(time_ms)
    sa_iters.append(i)
    print "SA fitness using "+ str(i)+" fixed iterations: " + str(fitness)
    print "Time taken for SA using fixed iterations: "+str(time_ms)+" milliseconds"

print "Finished Simulated Annealing Seacrh."
print "="*100
#"""

"""
#=======================
# Genetic Algorithm
#=======================
示例#37
0
ef = ContinuousPeaksEvaluationFunction(T)
odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
nf = DiscreteChangeOneNeighbor(ranges)
mf = DiscreteChangeOneMutation(ranges)
cf = SingleCrossOver()
df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)
pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, 200000)
fit.train()
print "RHC: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))

sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, 200000)
fit.train()
print "SA: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))

ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, gap)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, 1000)
fit.train()
print "GA: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))

mimic = MIMIC(200, 20, pop)
fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, 1000)
fit.train()
print "MIMIC: " + str(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))

示例#38
0
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, iterations)
    fit.train()
    print(str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())))
    end = time.time()
    times += "\n%0.03f" % (end - start)
print(times)

times = ""
print "SA:"
for x in range(20):
    start = time.time()
    iterations = (x + 1) * 2500
    sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E11, .95, hcp)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, iterations)
    fit.train()
    print(str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal())))
    end = time.time()
    times += "\n%0.03f" % (end - start)
print(times)

times = ""
print "GA:"
for x in range(20):
    start = time.time()
    iterations = (x + 1) * 2500
    ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(200, 100, 10, gap)
    fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, iterations)
    fit.train()
    print(str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal())))
    end = time.time()
    times += "\n%0.03f" % (end - start)
示例#39
0
def travelingsalesmanfunc(N, iterations):

    rhcMult = 1500
    saMult = 1500
    gaMult = 1
    mimicMult = 3

    random = Random()

    points = [[0 for x in xrange(2)] for x in xrange(N)]
    for i in range(0, len(points)):
        points[i][0] = random.nextDouble()
        points[i][1] = random.nextDouble()

    optimalOut = []
    timeOut = []
    evalsOut = []

    for niter in iterations:

        ef = TravelingSalesmanRouteEvaluationFunction(points)
        odd = DiscretePermutationDistribution(N)
        nf = SwapNeighbor()
        mf = SwapMutation()
        cf = TravelingSalesmanCrossOver(ef)
        hcp = GenericHillClimbingProblem(ef, odd, nf)
        gap = GenericGeneticAlgorithmProblem(ef, odd, mf, cf)

        iterOptimalOut = [N, niter]
        iterTimeOut = [N, niter]
        iterEvals = [N, niter]

        start = time.time()
        rhc = RandomizedHillClimbing(hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(rhc, niter * rhcMult)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        rhcOptimal = ef.value(rhc.getOptimal())
        rhcTime = end - start
        print "RHC Inverse of Distance: optimum: " + str(rhcOptimal)
        print "RHC time: " + str(rhcTime)
        #print "RHC Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(rhc.getOptimal()))
        print "Route:"
        path = []
        for x in range(0, N):
            path.append(rhc.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
        print path
        iterOptimalOut.append(rhcOptimal)
        iterTimeOut.append(rhcTime)
        functionEvals = ef.getNumEvals()
        ef.zeroEvals()
        iterEvals.append(functionEvals)

        start = time.time()
        sa = SimulatedAnnealing(1E12, .999, hcp)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(sa, niter * saMult)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        saOptimal = ef.value(sa.getOptimal())
        saTime = end - start
        print "SA Inverse of Distance optimum: " + str(saOptimal)
        print "SA time: " + str(saTime)
        #print "SA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(sa.getOptimal()))
        print "Route:"
        path = []
        for x in range(0, N):
            path.append(sa.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
        print path
        iterOptimalOut.append(saOptimal)
        iterTimeOut.append(saTime)
        functionEvals = ef.getNumEvals()
        ef.zeroEvals()
        iterEvals.append(functionEvals)

        start = time.time()
        ga = StandardGeneticAlgorithm(2000, 1500, 250, gap)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(ga, niter * gaMult)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        gaOptimal = ef.value(ga.getOptimal())
        gaTime = end - start
        print "GA Inverse of Distance optimum: " + str(gaOptimal)
        print "GA time: " + str(gaTime)
        #print "GA Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(ga.getOptimal()))
        print "Route:"
        path = []
        for x in range(0, N):
            path.append(ga.getOptimal().getDiscrete(x))
        print path
        iterOptimalOut.append(gaOptimal)
        iterTimeOut.append(gaTime)
        functionEvals = ef.getNumEvals()
        ef.zeroEvals()
        iterEvals.append(functionEvals)

        start = time.time()
        # for mimic we use a sort encoding
        ef = TravelingSalesmanSortEvaluationFunction(points)
        fill = [N] * N
        ranges = array('i', fill)
        odd = DiscreteUniformDistribution(ranges)
        df = DiscreteDependencyTree(.1, ranges)
        pop = GenericProbabilisticOptimizationProblem(ef, odd, df)

        start = time.time()
        mimic = MIMIC(500, 100, pop)
        fit = FixedIterationTrainer(mimic, niter * mimicMult)
        fit.train()
        end = time.time()
        mimicOptimal = ef.value(mimic.getOptimal())
        mimicTime = end - start
        print "MIMIC Inverse of Distance optimum: " + str(mimicOptimal)
        print "MIMIC time: " + str(mimicTime)
        #print "MIMIC Inverse of Distance: " + str(ef.value(mimic.getOptimal()))
        print "Route:"
        path = []
        optimal = mimic.getOptimal()
        fill = [0] * optimal.size()
        ddata = array('d', fill)
        for i in range(0, len(ddata)):
            ddata[i] = optimal.getContinuous(i)
        order = ABAGAILArrays.indices(optimal.size())
        ABAGAILArrays.quicksort(ddata, order)
        print order
        iterOptimalOut.append(mimicOptimal)
        iterTimeOut.append(mimicTime)
        functionEvals = ef.getNumEvals()
        ef.zeroEvals()
        iterEvals.append(functionEvals)

        optimalOut.append(iterOptimalOut)
        timeOut.append(iterTimeOut)
        evalsOut.append(iterEvals)

    return [optimalOut, timeOut, evalsOut]