def test_multi_step_gradient(self):
input_size = 5
hidden_size = 6
n = Gru(input_size, hidden_size)
xs = [frand(size=input_size) for _ in range(10)]
h0 = frand(hidden_size)
intermediate_results = {}
hs = n.forward_prop(xs, h0, intermediate_results)
n.back_prop([derr(h) for h in hs], intermediate_results)
for index in scalar_indices(n):
array_name = gru_array_names(n)[index[0]]
delta = 1e-4
slightly_less = clone(n)
gru_arrays(slightly_less)[index[0]][index[1]] -= delta
slightly_less_hs = slightly_less.forward_prop(xs, h0, {})
err_slightly_less = sum([err(h) for h in slightly_less_hs])
slightly_more = clone(n)
gru_arrays(slightly_more)[index[0]][index[1]] += delta
slightly_more_hs = slightly_more.forward_prop(xs, h0, {})
err_slightly_more = sum([err(h) for h in slightly_more_hs])
expected_grad = (err_slightly_more - err_slightly_less) / (2 * delta)
numerical_grad = gru_results_arrays(intermediate_results)[index[0]][index[1]]
self.assertTrue(abs(expected_grad - numerical_grad) < 0.01,
"{}: {} not within threshold of {}".format(array_name, numerical_grad, expected_grad))
def test_multi_step_gradient(self):
input_size = 5
hidden_size = 6
n = Gru(input_size, hidden_size)
xs = [frand(size=input_size) for _ in range(10)]
h0 = frand(hidden_size)
intermediate_results = {}
hs = n.forward_prop(xs, h0, intermediate_results)
n.back_prop([derr(h) for h in hs], intermediate_results)
for index in scalar_indices(n):
array_name = gru_array_names(n)[index[0]]
delta = 1e-4
slightly_less = clone(n)
gru_arrays(slightly_less)[index[0]][index[1]] -= delta
slightly_less_hs = slightly_less.forward_prop(xs, h0, {})
err_slightly_less = sum([err(h) for h in slightly_less_hs])
slightly_more = clone(n)
gru_arrays(slightly_more)[index[0]][index[1]] += delta
slightly_more_hs = slightly_more.forward_prop(xs, h0, {})
err_slightly_more = sum([err(h) for h in slightly_more_hs])
expected_grad = (err_slightly_more - err_slightly_less) / (2 *
delta)
numerical_grad = gru_results_arrays(intermediate_results)[
index[0]][index[1]]
self.assertTrue(
abs(expected_grad - numerical_grad) < 0.01,
"{}: {} not within threshold of {}".format(
array_name, numerical_grad, expected_grad))
def clone(gru: Gru):
gru_clone = Gru(0, 0)
gru_clone.w_rx = np.copy(gru.w_rx)
gru_clone.w_rh = np.copy(gru.w_rh)
gru_clone.b_r = np.copy(gru.b_r)
gru_clone.w_zx = np.copy(gru.w_zx)
gru_clone.w_zh = np.copy(gru.w_zh)
gru_clone.b_z = np.copy(gru.b_z)
gru_clone.w_hx = np.copy(gru.w_hx)
gru_clone.w_hh = np.copy(gru.w_hh)
gru_clone.b_h = np.copy(gru.b_h)
return gru_clone
def test_learn_word_vectors_from_char_vector_sequence(self):
text = "please learn how to infer word vectors from sequences of character vectors"
index_to_word = list(set(text.split()))
index_to_char = list(set(text))
word_to_index = {
word: index
for index, word in enumerate(index_to_word)
}
char_to_index = {
word: index
for index, word in enumerate(index_to_char)
}
def to_char_vector_sequence(word):
sequence = []
for char in word:
vector = np.ones(len(char_to_index)) * -1
vector[char_to_index[char]] = 1
sequence.append(vector)
sequence.append(np.zeros(len(char_to_index)))
return sequence
def to_word_vector(word):
vector = np.ones(len(word_to_index)) * -1
vector[word_to_index[word]] = 1
return vector
training_data = [(to_char_vector_sequence(word), to_word_vector(word))
for word in text.split()]
n = Gru(len(index_to_char), len(index_to_word))
for i in range(1000):
for char_vectors, word_vector in training_data:
intermediate_results = {}
hs = n.forward_prop(char_vectors, np.zeros(len(index_to_word)),
intermediate_results)
dhs = [
np.zeros(shape=word_vector.shape) for _ in range(len(hs))
]
dhs[-1] = ce_err_prime(hs[-1], word_vector)
n.back_prop(dhs, intermediate_results)
n.train(0.1, intermediate_results)
if i % 200 == 0:
total_err = 0
for char_vectors, word_vector in training_data:
hs = n.forward_prop(char_vectors,
np.zeros(len(index_to_word)), {})
total_err += mathutils.mse(hs[-1], word_vector)
print(total_err / len(training_data))
result = n.forward_prop(to_char_vector_sequence("infer"),
np.zeros(len(index_to_word)), {})[-1]
self.assertEquals("infer", index_to_word[np.argmax(result)])
def test_single_step_gradient(self):
input_size = 5
hidden_size = 6
n = Gru(input_size, hidden_size)
xs = [frand(size=input_size)]
h0 = frand(hidden_size)
intermediate_results = {}
hs = n.forward_prop(xs, h0, intermediate_results)
dh0 = n.back_prop([derr(hs[-1])], intermediate_results)
delta = 1e-4
for index in scalar_indices(n):
array_name = gru_array_names(n)[index[0]]
slightly_less = clone(n)
gru_arrays(slightly_less)[index[0]][index[1]] -= delta
err_slightly_less = err(slightly_less.forward_prop(xs, h0, {})[-1])
slightly_more = clone(n)
gru_arrays(slightly_more)[index[0]][index[1]] += delta
err_slightly_more = err(slightly_more.forward_prop(xs, h0, {})[-1])
expected_grad = (err_slightly_more - err_slightly_less) / (2 * delta)
numerical_grad = gru_results_arrays(intermediate_results)[index[0]][index[1]]
self.assertTrue(abs(expected_grad - numerical_grad) < 0.01,
"{}: {} not within threshold of {}".format(array_name, numerical_grad, expected_grad))
for index in np.ndindex(h0.shape):
slightly_less_h0 = np.copy(h0)
slightly_less_h0[index] -= delta
err_slightly_less_h0 = err(n.forward_prop(xs, slightly_less_h0, {})[-1])
slightly_more_h0 = np.copy(h0)
slightly_more_h0[index] += delta
err_slightly_more_h0 = err(n.forward_prop(xs, slightly_more_h0, {})[-1])
expected_grad = (err_slightly_more_h0 - err_slightly_less_h0) / (2 * delta)
numerical_grad = dh0[index]
self.assertTrue(abs(expected_grad - numerical_grad) < 0.01,
"h0: {} not within threshold of {}".format(numerical_grad, expected_grad))
def test_learn_word_vectors_from_char_vector_sequence(self):
text = "please learn how to infer word vectors from sequences of character vectors"
index_to_word = list(set(text.split()))
index_to_char = list(set(text))
word_to_index = {word: index for index, word in enumerate(index_to_word)}
char_to_index = {word: index for index, word in enumerate(index_to_char)}
def to_char_vector_sequence(word):
sequence = []
for char in word:
vector = np.ones(len(char_to_index)) * -1
vector[char_to_index[char]] = 1
sequence.append(vector)
sequence.append(np.zeros(len(char_to_index)))
return sequence
def to_word_vector(word):
vector = np.ones(len(word_to_index)) * -1
vector[word_to_index[word]] = 1
return vector
training_data = [(to_char_vector_sequence(word), to_word_vector(word)) for word in text.split()]
n = Gru(len(index_to_char), len(index_to_word))
for i in range(1000):
for char_vectors, word_vector in training_data:
intermediate_results = {}
hs = n.forward_prop(char_vectors, np.zeros(len(index_to_word)), intermediate_results)
dhs = [np.zeros(shape=word_vector.shape) for _ in range(len(hs))]
dhs[-1] = ce_err_prime(hs[-1], word_vector)
n.back_prop(dhs, intermediate_results)
n.train(0.1, intermediate_results)
if i % 200 == 0:
total_err = 0
for char_vectors, word_vector in training_data:
hs = n.forward_prop(char_vectors, np.zeros(len(index_to_word)), {})
total_err += mathutils.mse(hs[-1], word_vector)
print(total_err/len(training_data))
result = n.forward_prop(to_char_vector_sequence("infer"), np.zeros(len(index_to_word)), {})[-1]
self.assertEquals("infer", index_to_word[np.argmax(result)])
def test_single_step_gradient(self):
input_size = 5
hidden_size = 6
n = Gru(input_size, hidden_size)
xs = [frand(size=input_size)]
h0 = frand(hidden_size)
intermediate_results = {}
hs = n.forward_prop(xs, h0, intermediate_results)
dh0 = n.back_prop([derr(hs[-1])], intermediate_results)
delta = 1e-4
for index in scalar_indices(n):
array_name = gru_array_names(n)[index[0]]
slightly_less = clone(n)
gru_arrays(slightly_less)[index[0]][index[1]] -= delta
err_slightly_less = err(slightly_less.forward_prop(xs, h0, {})[-1])
slightly_more = clone(n)
gru_arrays(slightly_more)[index[0]][index[1]] += delta
err_slightly_more = err(slightly_more.forward_prop(xs, h0, {})[-1])
expected_grad = (err_slightly_more - err_slightly_less) / (2 *
delta)
numerical_grad = gru_results_arrays(intermediate_results)[
index[0]][index[1]]
self.assertTrue(
abs(expected_grad - numerical_grad) < 0.01,
"{}: {} not within threshold of {}".format(
array_name, numerical_grad, expected_grad))
for index in np.ndindex(h0.shape):
slightly_less_h0 = np.copy(h0)
slightly_less_h0[index] -= delta
err_slightly_less_h0 = err(
n.forward_prop(xs, slightly_less_h0, {})[-1])
slightly_more_h0 = np.copy(h0)
slightly_more_h0[index] += delta
err_slightly_more_h0 = err(
n.forward_prop(xs, slightly_more_h0, {})[-1])
expected_grad = (err_slightly_more_h0 -
err_slightly_less_h0) / (2 * delta)
numerical_grad = dh0[index]
self.assertTrue(
abs(expected_grad - numerical_grad) < 0.01,
"h0: {} not within threshold of {}".format(
numerical_grad, expected_grad))
def clone(gru: Gru):
gru_clone = Gru(0, 0)
gru_clone.w_rx = np.copy(gru.w_rx)
gru_clone.w_rh = np.copy(gru.w_rh)
gru_clone.b_r = np.copy(gru.b_r)
gru_clone.w_zx = np.copy(gru.w_zx)
gru_clone.w_zh = np.copy(gru.w_zh)
gru_clone.b_z = np.copy(gru.b_z)
gru_clone.w_hx = np.copy(gru.w_hx)
gru_clone.w_hh = np.copy(gru.w_hh)
gru_clone.b_h = np.copy(gru.b_h)
return gru_clone
def testTranslateWordsIntoInitialisms(self):
text = "Born in Vienna into one of Europe's richest families, he inherited a large fortune " \
"from his father in 1913. He gave some considerable sums to poor artists. In a period " \
"of severe personal depression after the first World War, he then gave away his entire " \
"fortune to his brothers and sisters. Three of his brothers committed suicide, with " \
"Wittgenstein contemplating it too. He left academia several times—serving as an " \
"officer on the front line during World War I, where he was decorated a number of times " \
"for his courage; teaching in schools in remote Austrian villages where he encountered " \
"controversy for hitting children when they made mistakes in mathematics; and working " \
"as a hospital porter during World War II in London where he told patients not to take " \
"the drugs they were prescribed while largely managing to keep secret the fact that he " \
"was one of the world's most famous philosophers."
index_to_word = sorted(list(set(text.split(sep=" "))))
word_to_index = {word: i for i, word in enumerate(index_to_word)}
index_to_char = sorted(
list(set([word[0].upper() for word in index_to_word])))
char_to_index = {char: i for i, char in enumerate(index_to_char)}
def vector_from_word(word):
index = word_to_index[word]
vec = np.zeros(len(index_to_word))
vec[index] = 1
return vec
def word_from_vector(vector):
index = vector.argmax()
if vector[index] < 0.3:
return "?"
else:
return index_to_word[index]
def vector_from_char(char):
vec = np.zeros(len(index_to_char))
upper = char.upper()
if upper in char_to_index:
index = char_to_index[upper]
vec[index] = 1
return vec
def char_from_vector(vector):
index = vector.argmax()
if vector[index] < -0.3:
return " "
elif vector[index] < 0.3:
return "?"
else:
return index_to_char[index]
max_seq_size = 5
training_set = []
for _ in range(500):
seq_size = random.randint(1, max_seq_size)
word_indices = [
random.randrange(0, len(index_to_word))
for _ in range(seq_size)
]
words = [index_to_word[index] for index in word_indices]
initials = [word[0].upper() for word in words]
training_set.append(
([vector_from_word(word) for word in words],
[vector_from_char(char) for char in initials]))
encoder_hidden_state_size = 50
encoder = Gru(len(index_to_word), encoder_hidden_state_size)
decoder = Gru(
len(index_to_char) + encoder_hidden_state_size, len(index_to_char))
encoder_h0 = np.random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2, encoder_hidden_state_size)
decoder_h0 = np.random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2, len(index_to_char))
end_of_sequence = np.ones(len(index_to_char)) * -1
for epoch in range(10000):
debug = epoch % 5000 == 0
for word_vectors, char_vectors in random.sample(training_set, 30):
encoder_results = {}
encoded_state = encoder.forward_prop(word_vectors, encoder_h0,
encoder_results)[-1]
decoder_results = {}
def decoder_input_generator(max):
yield np.concatenate(
[encoded_state,
np.zeros(len(index_to_char))])
prev_h = decoder_results["hs"][-1]
resulting_char = char_from_vector(prev_h)
i = 0
while resulting_char is not " " and i <= max:
yield np.concatenate(
[encoded_state,
vector_from_char(resulting_char)])
i += 1
hs = decoder.forward_prop(
decoder_input_generator(len(char_vectors)), decoder_h0,
decoder_results)
if len(hs) <= len(char_vectors):
targets = char_vectors[:len(hs)]
else:
targets = char_vectors + [
end_of_sequence
for _ in range(len(hs) - len(char_vectors))
]
decoder_errors = [h - target for h, target in zip(hs, targets)]
decoder.back_prop(decoder_errors, decoder_results)
decoder.train(0.1, decoder_results)
encoded_state_error = decoder_results["dx"][:len(encoded_state
)]
encoder_errors = (
[np.zeros(encoder_hidden_state_size)] *
(len(word_vectors) - 1)) + [encoded_state_error]
encoder.back_prop(encoder_errors, encoder_results)
encoder.train(0.1, encoder_results)
if debug:
print((" ".join([
word_from_vector(word_vector)
for word_vector in word_vectors
])))
print(("".join([char_from_vector(h) for h in hs])))
print((sum(
[np.sum(np.square(err)) for err in decoder_errors])))
encoder.save("encoder")
decoder.save("decoder")
debug = False
def testTranslateWordsIntoInitialisms(self):
text = "Born in Vienna into one of Europe's richest families, he inherited a large fortune " \
"from his father in 1913. He gave some considerable sums to poor artists. In a period " \
"of severe personal depression after the first World War, he then gave away his entire " \
"fortune to his brothers and sisters. Three of his brothers committed suicide, with " \
"Wittgenstein contemplating it too. He left academia several times—serving as an " \
"officer on the front line during World War I, where he was decorated a number of times " \
"for his courage; teaching in schools in remote Austrian villages where he encountered " \
"controversy for hitting children when they made mistakes in mathematics; and working " \
"as a hospital porter during World War II in London where he told patients not to take " \
"the drugs they were prescribed while largely managing to keep secret the fact that he " \
"was one of the world's most famous philosophers."
index_to_word = sorted(list(set(text.split(sep=" "))))
word_to_index = {word:i for i, word in enumerate(index_to_word)}
index_to_char = sorted(list(set([word[0].upper() for word in index_to_word])))
char_to_index = {char:i for i, char in enumerate(index_to_char)}
def vector_from_word(word):
index = word_to_index[word]
vec = np.zeros(len(index_to_word))
vec[index] = 1
return vec
def word_from_vector(vector):
index = vector.argmax()
if vector[index] < 0.3:
return "?"
else:
return index_to_word[index]
def vector_from_char(char):
vec = np.zeros(len(index_to_char))
upper = char.upper()
if upper in char_to_index:
index = char_to_index[upper]
vec[index] = 1
return vec
def char_from_vector(vector):
index = vector.argmax()
if vector[index] < -0.3:
return " "
elif vector[index] < 0.3:
return "?"
else:
return index_to_char[index]
max_seq_size = 5
training_set = []
for _ in range(500):
seq_size = random.randint(1, max_seq_size)
word_indices = [random.randrange(0, len(index_to_word)) for _ in range(seq_size)]
words = [index_to_word[index] for index in word_indices]
initials = [word[0].upper() for word in words]
training_set.append(([vector_from_word(word) for word in words],
[vector_from_char(char) for char in initials]))
encoder_hidden_state_size = 50
encoder = Gru(len(index_to_word), encoder_hidden_state_size)
decoder = Gru(len(index_to_char) + encoder_hidden_state_size, len(index_to_char))
encoder_h0 = np.random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2, encoder_hidden_state_size)
decoder_h0 = np.random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2, len(index_to_char))
end_of_sequence = np.ones(len(index_to_char)) * -1
for epoch in range(10000):
debug = epoch % 5000 == 0
for word_vectors, char_vectors in random.sample(training_set, 30):
encoder_results = {}
encoded_state = encoder.forward_prop(word_vectors, encoder_h0, encoder_results)[-1]
decoder_results = {}
def decoder_input_generator(max):
yield np.concatenate([encoded_state, np.zeros(len(index_to_char))])
prev_h = decoder_results["hs"][-1]
resulting_char = char_from_vector(prev_h)
i = 0
while resulting_char is not " " and i <= max:
yield np.concatenate([encoded_state, vector_from_char(resulting_char)])
i += 1
hs = decoder.forward_prop(decoder_input_generator(len(char_vectors)), decoder_h0, decoder_results)
if len(hs) <= len(char_vectors):
targets = char_vectors[:len(hs)]
else:
targets = char_vectors + [end_of_sequence for _ in range(len(hs) - len(char_vectors))]
decoder_errors = [h - target for h, target in zip(hs, targets)]
decoder.back_prop(decoder_errors, decoder_results)
decoder.train(0.1, decoder_results)
encoded_state_error = decoder_results["dx"][:len(encoded_state)]
encoder_errors = ([np.zeros(encoder_hidden_state_size)] * (len(word_vectors) - 1)) + [encoded_state_error]
encoder.back_prop(encoder_errors, encoder_results)
encoder.train(0.1, encoder_results)
if debug:
print(" ".join([word_from_vector(word_vector) for word_vector in word_vectors]))
print("".join([char_from_vector(h) for h in hs]))
print(sum([np.sum(np.square(err)) for err in decoder_errors]))
encoder.save("encoder")
decoder.save("decoder")
debug = False