def fitData2(fileName):
'''
Models predictions using Terman's law model (cubic fit) and
Hooks Law (linear fit).
Hook's Law functions up to the point where the spring reaches
it's elastic limit - when it stops behaving as a spring but instead
as a rope, etc (doesn't get longer b/c hang more weight on it)
'''
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
extX = pylab.array(xVals + [1.05, 1.1, 1.15, 1.2, 1.25])
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
yVals = pylab.array(yVals)
xVals = xVals*9.81 # convert mass to force (F = mg)
extX = extX*9.81 # convert mass to force (F = mg)
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label = 'Measured displacements')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('|Force| (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
a,b = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1)
estYVals = a*extX + b
pylab.plot(extX, estYVals, label = 'Linear fit')
a,b,c,d = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 3)
estYVals = a*(extX**3) + b*extX**2 + c*extX + d
pylab.plot(extX, estYVals, label = 'Cubic fit')
pylab.legend(loc = 'best')
def tryFits1(fName):
distances, heights = getTrajectoryData(fName)
distances = pylab.array(distances)*36
totHeights = pylab.array([0]*len(distances))
for h in heights:
totHeights = totHeights + pylab.array(h)
pylab.title('Trajectory of Projectile (Mean of 4 Trials)')
pylab.xlabel('Inches from Launch Point')
pylab.ylabel('Inches Above Launch Point')
meanHeights = totHeights/float(len(heights))
pylab.plot(distances, meanHeights, 'bo')
a,b = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 1)
altitudes = a*distances + b
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'r',
label = 'Linear Fit' + ', R2 = '
+ str(round(rSquare(meanHeights, altitudes), 4)))
a,b,c = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 2)
altitudes = a*(distances**2) + b*distances + c
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'g',
label = 'Quadratic Fit' + ', R2 = '
+ str(round(rSquare(meanHeights, altitudes), 4)))
pylab.legend()
##tryFits1('launcherData.txt')
##pylab.show()
# Calculating the location of the peak of height:
# −(b/2a)=547.1
# Once we have the curve fitting value, we can derrive from it other measurements like speed, strenght etc, using known physics.
def visualise(fileName, title="", linearFit=False, polyFit=False):
""" Draw graph representing the result. A bit verbose as that seem to be the only way to make borders gray.
fileName = path and name of the pickled results
"""
with open(fileName, "rb") as f:
data = pickle.load(f)
fig = plt.figure()
p = fig.add_subplot(111)
if not linearFit and not polyfit:
p.plot(data[0], data[1], 'bo-', label="sentiment")
p.plot([data[0][0], data[0][-1]], [data[1][0], data[1][-1]],
'g', label="straight line through first and last point")
elif linearFit:
fit = polyfit(data[0], data[1], 1)
fitFunc = poly1d(fit)
p.plot(data[0], data[1], '-ro', label='sentiment')
p.plot(data[0], fitFunc(data[0]), "--k", label="linear fit")
elif polyFit:
fit = polyfit(data[0], data[1], 2)
f = [d*d*fit[0] + d*fit[1] + fit[2] for d in data[0]]
p.plot(data[0], data[1], '-ro', label='sentiment')
p.plot(data[0], f, "--k", label="polynomial fit")
p.legend(prop={'size': 10}, frameon=False)
plt.ylabel("Average happiness")
plt.xlabel("Rating")
for e in ['bottom', 'top', 'left', 'right']:
p.spines[e].set_color('gray')
if title:
plt.title(title)
plt.show()
def processTrajectories(filename):
dist, heights = getTrajectory(filename)
trials = len(heights)
dist = pylab.array(dist)
# get array combiming mean height at each distances
totHeights = pylab.array([0] * len(dist))
for h in heights:
totHeights = totHeights + pylab.array(h)
meanHeights = totHeights/len(heights)
# start plotting :)
pylab.title("Trajectile of Projectile " + "(Mean of " + str(trials)
+ " trails)")
pylab.xlabel("Inches from launch point")
pylab.ylabel("Inches above launch point")
pylab.plot(dist, meanHeights, 'bo')
a, b = pylab.polyfit(dist, meanHeights, 1)
altitudes = a * dist + b
pylab.plot(dist, altitudes, 'b', label='linear fit')
print 'RSquared of linear fit: ', rSquared(meanHeights, altitudes)
a, b, c = pylab.polyfit(dist, meanHeights, 2)
altitudes = a*(dist**2) + b*(dist) + c
pylab.plot(dist, altitudes, 'b:', label="Quadratic Fit")
print 'RSquared of quadratic fit: ', rSquared(meanHeights, altitudes)
pylab.legend()
pylab.show()
def tryFits1(fName):
distances, heights = getTrajectoryData(fName)
distances = pylab.array(distances)*36
totHeights = pylab.array([0]*len(distances))
for h in heights:
totHeights = totHeights + pylab.array(h)
pylab.title('Trajectory of Projectile (Mean of 4 Trials)')
pylab.xlabel('Inches from Launch Point')
pylab.ylabel('Inches Above Launch Point')
meanHeights = totHeights/float(len(heights))
pylab.plot(distances, meanHeights, 'bo')
a,b = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 1)
altitudes = a*distances + b
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'r',
label = 'Linear Fit' + ', R2 = '
+ str(round(rSquare(meanHeights, altitudes), 4)))
a,b,c = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 2)
altitudes = a*(distances**2) + b*distances + c
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'g',
label = 'Quadratic Fit' + ', R2 = '
+ str(round(rSquare(meanHeights, altitudes), 4)))
pylab.legend()
##tryFits1('launcherData.txt')
##pylab.show()
def plot_dco_values(ax, values, color="k"):
interpol1 = {"temperature": values["temperature"][0:7], "values": values["values"][0:7]}
fit1 = pylab.polyfit(interpol1["temperature"], interpol1["values"], 1)
print "m={} b={}".format(fit1[0], fit1[1])
fit_fn1 = pylab.poly1d(fit1)
interpol2 = {"temperature": values["temperature"][6:14], "values": values["values"][6:14]}
fit2 = pylab.polyfit(interpol2["temperature"], interpol2["values"], 1)
print "m={} b={}".format(fit2[0], fit2[1])
fit_fn2 = pylab.poly1d(fit2)
plot = ax.plot(
interpol1["temperature"],
fit_fn1(interpol1["temperature"]),
"k-",
interpol2["temperature"],
fit_fn2(interpol2["temperature"]),
"k-",
# values['temperature'], values['values'], '{}-'.format(color),
values["temperature"],
values["values"],
"{}o".format(color),
markersize=5,
)
pylab.setp(plot[0], linewidth=2)
pylab.setp(plot[1], linewidth=2)
return plot
def plotFittingCurve(rabbits, foxes):
r_coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(rabbits)), rabbits, 2)
f_coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(foxes)), foxes, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(r_coeff, range(len(rabbits))), label = "Rabbits Curve")
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(f_coeff, range(len(foxes))), label = "Foxes Curve")
pylab.legend()
pylab.show()
def tryFits(fName):
'''
Linear fit does not fit the data. Not a logical assumption that the arrow
flies in a straight line to the target.
Quadratic fit mirrors a parabolic pathway.
'''
distances, heights = getTrajectoryData(fName)
distances = pylab.array(distances)*36 # Convert yards to feet
totHeights = pylab.array([0]*len(distances))
for h in heights:
totHeights = totHeights + pylab.array(h) # Get one avg measurement of height
pylab.title('Trajectory of Projectile (Mean of 4 Trials)')
pylab.xlabel('Inches from Launch Point')
pylab.ylabel('Inches Above Launch Point')
meanHeights = totHeights/float(len(heights))
pylab.plot(distances, meanHeights, 'bo')
a,b = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 1)
altitudes = a*distances + b
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'r',
label = 'Linear Fit')
a,b,c = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 2)
altitudes = a*(distances**2) + b*distances + c
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'g',
label = 'Quadratic Fit')
pylab.legend()
def runSimulation2(numSteps):
"""
Runs the simulation for `numSteps` time steps.
Returns a tuple of two lists: (rabbit_populations, fox_populations)
where rabbit_populations is a record of the rabbit population at the
END of each time step, and fox_populations is a record of the fox population
at the END of each time step.
Both lists should be `numSteps` items long.
"""
rabbitPopulationOverTime = []
foxPopulationOverTime = []
for step in range(numSteps):
rabbitGrowth()
rabbitPopulationOverTime.append(CURRENTRABBITPOP)
foxGrowth()
foxPopulationOverTime.append(CURRENTFOXPOP)
print "CURRENTRABBITPOP", CURRENTRABBITPOP, rabbitPopulationOverTime
print "CURRENTFOXPOP", CURRENTFOXPOP, foxPopulationOverTime
pylab.plot(range(numSteps), rabbitPopulationOverTime, '-g', label='Rabbit population')
pylab.plot(range(numSteps), foxPopulationOverTime, '-o', label='Fox population')
rabbit_coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(rabbitPopulationOverTime)), rabbitPopulationOverTime, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(rabbit_coeff, range(len(rabbitPopulationOverTime))))
fox_coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(foxPopulationOverTime)), foxPopulationOverTime, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(fox_coeff, range(len(rabbitPopulationOverTime))))
pylab.title('Fox and rabbit population in the wood')
xlabel = "Plot for simulation of {} steps".format(numSteps)
pylab.xlabel(xlabel)
pylab.ylabel('Current fox and rabbit population')
pylab.legend(loc='upper right')
pylab.tight_layout()
pylab.show()
pylab.clf()
def runSimulation(numSteps):
"""
Runs the simulation for `numSteps` time steps.
Returns a tuple of two lists: (rabbit_populations, fox_populations)
where rabbit_populations is a record of the rabbit population at the
END of each time step, and fox_populations is a record of the fox population
at the END of each time step.
Both lists should be `numSteps` items long.
"""
rabbitPop = []
foxPop = []
for i in range(numSteps):
rabbitGrowth()
foxGrowth()
rabbitPop.append(CURRENTRABBITPOP)
foxPop.append(CURRENTFOXPOP)
#return (rabbitPop,foxPop)
pylab.plot(rabbitPop)
pylab.plot(foxPop)
pylab.show()
rabbitPopulationOverTime = rabbitPop[:]
coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(rabbitPopulationOverTime)), rabbitPopulationOverTime, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(coeff, range(len(rabbitPopulationOverTime))))
pylab.show()
rabbitPopulationOverTime = foxPop[:]
coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(rabbitPopulationOverTime)), rabbitPopulationOverTime, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(coeff, range(len(rabbitPopulationOverTime))))
pylab.show()
def tryFits1(fName):
'''
Calculate the coefficient of determination (R**2) to determine how
well the model fits the data and ergo could make predictions.
'''
distances, heights = getTrajectoryData(fName)
distances = pylab.array(distances)*36
totHeights = pylab.array([0]*len(distances))
for h in heights:
totHeights = totHeights + pylab.array(h)
pylab.title('Trajectory of Projectile (Mean of 4 Trials)')
pylab.xlabel('Inches from Launch Point')
pylab.ylabel('Inches Above Launch Point')
meanHeights = totHeights/float(len(heights))
pylab.plot(distances, meanHeights, 'bo')
a,b = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 1)
altitudes = a*distances + b
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'r',
label = 'Linear Fit' + ', R2 = '
+ str(round(rSquare(meanHeights, altitudes), 4)))
a,b,c = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 2)
altitudes = a*(distances**2) + b*distances + c
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'g',
label = 'Quadratic Fit' + ', R2 = '
+ str(round(rSquare(meanHeights, altitudes), 4)))
pylab.legend()
def plotPopulations(numSteps):
""" Plots populations of Foxes & Rabbits for given timesteps. """
rab_pop, fox_pop = runSimulation(numSteps)
# for i in range(len(rab_pop)):
# print(rab_pop[i], fox_pop[i])
r_style = 'bo' # blue - continuous line
f_style = 'ro' # red - continuous line
pylab.figure('Fox / Rabit Populations')
pylab.plot(rab_pop, r_style, label='Rabbit Pop')
pylab.plot(fox_pop, f_style, label='Fox Pop')
pylab.title('Fox / Rabit Populations: {} timesteps'.format(numSteps))
pylab.xlabel('Time Steps')
pylab.ylabel('Population')
pylab.legend(loc='best')
degree = 2
rab_coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(rab_pop)), rab_pop, degree)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(rab_coeff, range(len(rab_pop))), 'b-')
fox_coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(fox_pop)), fox_pop, degree)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(fox_coeff, range(len(fox_pop))), 'r-')
pylab.show()
def plotFitSimulation(numSteps):
ans = runSimulation(numSteps)
rabbitCoeff = pylab.polyfit(range(numSteps), ans[0], 2)
foxCoeff = pylab.polyfit(range(numSteps), ans[1], 2)
print rabbitCoeff, foxCoeff
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(rabbitCoeff, range(numSteps)), 'r')
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(foxCoeff, range(numSteps)), 'g')
pylab.title("polyfit result")
pylab.show()
def findOrder(xVals, yVals, accuracy = 1.0e-1):
# Your Code Here
i = 0
r = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 0, full=True)[1][0]
while r > accuracy:
i += 1
r = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, i, full=True)[1][0]
s = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, i, full=True)[0]
return s
def fitAverage(self,
linear_fit_min_value,
linear_fit_max_value,
degree,
# function taking the list of parameters
# and translating it into a label for writing
# a text on the graph
# with the fit result
label_func,
):
""" perform a linear fit to the average values """
import utils
global linear_fit_min_num_vertices, linear_fit_max_num_vertices
# filter the values for the fit
xpos_for_fit = []
ypos_for_fit = []
uncert_for_fit = []
oneSigmaIndex = 2
assert standardQuantileHistoDefs[oneSigmaIndex]['title'] == '1 sigma'
for x,y, sigmaUp, sigmaDown in zip(self.xpos, self.avg_values, self.quantile_values_upper[oneSigmaIndex], self.quantile_values_lower[oneSigmaIndex]):
if x >= linear_fit_min_value and \
x <= linear_fit_max_value:
xpos_for_fit.append(x)
# mean
ypos_for_fit.append(y)
# 1 sigma
uncert_for_fit.append(0.5 * (sigmaUp - sigmaDown))
if len(xpos_for_fit) < 2:
raise Exception("must have at least two points for a linear fit (linear_fit_min_value=" + str(linear_fit_min_value) + " linear_fit_max_value=" + str(linear_fit_max_value) + ")")
# perform fit to means
# note that pylab.polyfit returns coefficients in an order
# where the first coefficient corresponds to the highest power of x,
# we reverse this
import pylab
fittedCoeffs = pylab.polyfit(xpos_for_fit, ypos_for_fit, degree)
fittedCoeffs = fittedCoeffs[::-1]
self.addFitResult('mean', linear_fit_min_value, linear_fit_max_value, self.meanFitResult, fittedCoeffs)
self.fitResultLabel = label_func(fittedCoeffs * self.y_scale_factor, self.yaxis_unit_label)
# perform fit to symmetrized 1 sigma bands
fittedCoeffs = pylab.polyfit(xpos_for_fit, uncert_for_fit, degree)
fittedCoeffs = fittedCoeffs[::-1]
self.addFitResult('uncert', linear_fit_min_value, linear_fit_max_value, self.uncertFitResult, fittedCoeffs)
def plotSimulation():
rabbits, foxes = runSimulation(200)
pylab.plot(rabbits, label='Rabbits')
pylab.plot(foxes, label='Foxes')
a, b, c = pylab.polyfit(range(len(rabbits)), rabbits, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval([a, b, c], range(len(rabbits))), label='Rabbits')
d, e, f = pylab.polyfit(range(len(foxes)), foxes, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval([d, e, f], range(len(foxes))), label='Foxes')
pylab.grid()
pylab.legend()
pylab.show()
def main(filename):
pOut = parse( filename)
oM, oB = polyfit(pOut[0], pOut[1], 1)
tM, tB = polyfit(pOut[2], pOut[3], 1)
print("rep_overlap = {} * overlap + {}".format(oM, oB))
print("rep_tanimoto = {} * tanimoto + {}".format(tM, tB))
oC = polyfit(pOut[0], pOut[1], 0)
tC = polyfit(pOut[2], pOut[3], 0)
print("rep_overlap = {} * overlap".format(oM, oB))
print("rep_tanimoto = {} * tanimoto + {}".format(tM, tB))
makeGraphs( pOut)
def plotLineFit():
rabbitPops, foxPops = runSimulation(200)
steps = [n for n in range(1, 201)]
coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(rabbitPops)), rabbitPops, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(coeff, range(len(rabbitPops))))
coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(len(foxPops)), foxPops, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(coeff, range(len(foxPops))))
pylab.title('Fox vs. Rabbit')
pylab.legend(('Rabbit Pop', 'Fox Pop'))
pylab.xlabel('Step')
pylab.ylabel('Population')
pylab.show()
def plot(rabbits, foxes):
N = len(rabbits)
pylab.plot(range(N), rabbits, 'go', label = "rabbit pop")
pylab.plot(range(N), foxes, 'ro', label = "foxes pop")
rab_coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(N), rabbits, 2)
fox_coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(N), foxes, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(rab_coeff, range(N)), 'g-', label = "rabbit polyfit")
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(fox_coeff, range(N)), 'r-', label = "fox polyfit")
pylab.xlabel("Time")
pylab.ylabel("Population")
pylab.title("Dynamics of Rabbit and Fox Population")
pylab.legend()
pylab.show()
def anscombe(plotPoints):
dataFile = open('anscombe.txt', 'r')
X1,X2,X3,X4,Y1,Y2,Y3,Y4 = [],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]
for line in dataFile:
x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4 = line.split()
X1.append(float(x1))
X2.append(float(x2))
X3.append(float(x3))
X4.append(float(x4))
Y1.append(float(y1))
Y2.append(float(y2))
Y3.append(float(y3))
Y4.append(float(y4))
dataFile.close()
xVals = pylab.array(range(21))
if plotPoints: pylab.plot(X1, Y1, 'o')
a, b = pylab.polyfit(X1, Y1, 1)
yVals = a*xVals + b
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals)
pylab.xlim(0, 20)
mean = sum(Y1)/float(len(Y1))
median = Y1[len(Y1)/2 + 1]
pylab.title('Mean = ' + str(mean) + ', Median = ' + str(median))
pylab.figure()
if plotPoints: pylab.plot(X2, Y2, 'o')
a, b = pylab.polyfit(X2, Y2, 1)
yVals = a*xVals + b
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals)
pylab.xlim(0, 20)
mean = sum(Y1)/float(len(Y1))
median = Y1[len(Y1)/2 + 1]
pylab.title('Mean = ' + str(mean) + ', Median = ' + str(median))
pylab.figure()
if plotPoints: pylab.plot(X3, Y3, 'o')
a, b = pylab.polyfit(X3, Y3, 1)
yVals = a*xVals + b
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals)
pylab.xlim(0, 20)
mean = sum(Y1)/float(len(Y1))
median = Y1[len(Y1)/2 + 1]
pylab.title('Mean = ' + str(mean) + ', Median = ' + str(median))
pylab.figure()
if plotPoints: pylab.plot(X4, Y4, 'o')
a, b = pylab.polyfit(X4, Y4, 1)
yVals = a*xVals + b
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals)
pylab.xlim(0, 20)
mean = sum(Y1)/float(len(Y1))
median = Y1[len(Y1)/2 + 1]
pylab.title('Mean = ' + str(mean) + ', Median = ' + str(median))
pylab.show()
def findOrder(xVals, yVals, accuracy = 1.0e-1):
order = 0
x = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, order, full=True)
residual = x[1][0]
while residual > accuracy:
order +=1
try:
x = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, order, full=True)
residual = x[1][0]
print 'residual', residual
except:
print 'fell to here'
return x[0]
def plotSim():
numSim = 400
rabbit_populations, fox_populations = runSimulation(numSim)
pylab.figure(1)
pylab.plot(range(numSim), rabbit_populations, label = "rabit")
pylab.plot(range(numSim), fox_populations, label = "fox")
# pylab.figure(2)
coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(numSim), rabbit_populations, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(coeff, range(numSim)), label = "rabit fitting")
coeff = pylab.polyfit(range(numSim), fox_populations, 2)
pylab.plot(pylab.polyval(coeff, range(numSim)), label = "fox fitting")
pylab.legend()
pylab.show()
def regression(x, y, df, ax=None):
"""
Trace x contre y et calcul la fonction de régression
Paramètres:
x: Nom de la colonne des x
y: Nom de la colonne des y
df: Dataframe contenant les valeurs
ax: Axes où tracer le qqplot, sinon en créait un
Retourne: ax, eq, corr
ax: Axes (graphique)
eq: equation de regression linéaire de premier degré
corr: coefficient de corrélation
"""
if ax is None:
ax = _new_default_axe('defaut')
_x = df[x]
_y = df[y]
fit = plb.polyfit(_x, _y, 1)
fit_fn = plb.poly1d(fit) # fit_fn is now a function which takes in x and returns an estimate for y
plt.plot(_x, _y, 'yo', _x, fit_fn(_x), '--k', axes=ax)
try:
ax = plt.gca()
ax.set_xlabel(x)
ax.set_ylabel(y)
plt.draw()
except:
pass
eq = plb.poly1d(fit_fn)
corr = stats.correlation(_y, _x)
return ax, eq, corr
def qqplot(x, y, df, interval=0.5, ax=None):
"""
Trace un QQPlot de x contre y, avec un interval de confiance autour de la
droite de régression.
Paramètres:
x: Nom de la colonne des x
y: Nom de la colonne des y
df: Dataframe contenant les valeurs
nb: Nombre de quantiles à calculer dans la plage [0, 1.]
interval: (défaut=0.5) [0-1.], interval de confiance autour de la droite
de régression
ax: Axes où tracer le qqplot, sinon en créait un
"""
if ax is None:
ax = _new_default_axe('defaut')
_x = df[x]
_y = df[y]
fit = plb.polyfit(_x, _y, 1)
fit_fn = plb.poly1d(fit) # fit_fn is now a function which takes in x and returns an estimate for y
# Trace les points et la droite de régression
fit_y = fit_fn(_x)
plt.plot(_x, _y, 'yo', _x, fit_y, '--k', axes=ax)
ax.set_xlabel(x)
ax.set_ylabel(y)
# Puis trace les lignes d'interval autour de la droite de régression
plt.plot(_x, fit_y + fit_y * interval, '-r')
plt.plot(_x, fit_y - fit_y * interval, '-r')
return ax
def get_minmax(data, deg=2):
"""
returns the interpolated extremum and position (in fractions of frames)
:args:
data (iterable): data to be fitted with a <deg> degree polynomial
deg (int): degree of polynomial to fit
:returns:
val, pos: a tuple of floats indicating the position
"""
x = arange(len(data))
p = polyfit(x, data, deg)
d = (arange(len(p))[::-1] * p)[:-1]
r = roots(d)
cnt = 0
idx = None
for nr, rx in enumerate(r):
if isreal(r):
idx = nr
cnt +=1
if cnt > 1:
raise ValueError("Too many real roots found." +
"Reduce order of polynomial!")
x0 = r[nr].real
return x0, polyval(p, x0)
def fitData1(fileName):
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
yVals = pylab.array(yVals)
xVals = xVals*9.81 # convert mass to force (F = mg)
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label = 'Measured displacements')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('|Force| (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
a,b = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1)
estYVals = a*xVals + b
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, label = 'Linear fit')
a,b,c,d = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 3)
estYVals = a*(xVals**3) + b*xVals**2 + c*xVals + d
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, label = 'Cubic fit')
pylab.legend(loc = 'best')
def lsq_fit(e, v):
import pylab
import numpy as np
import scipy.optimize as optimize
e = np.array(e)
v = np.array(v)
# Fit with parabola for first guess
a, b, c, d = pylab.polyfit(v , e, 3)
#a = 1
#b = 2
#c = 3
#d = 4
def fitfunc(strain, parameters):
a = parameters[0]
b = parameters[1]
c = parameters[2]
d = parameters[3]
EM = d + c * strain + b * strain ** 2 + a * strain ** 3
return EM
# Minimization function
def residuals(pars, y, x): # array of residuals
# we will minimize this function
err = y - fitfunc(x, pars)
return err
p0 = [a, b, c, d]
return optimize.leastsq(residuals, p0, args=(e, v))
def linFitData(resistance_series, max_power = 1000, min_power = 0, max_speed =65):
"""
Fits linear regression lines to resistance series, and returns
points extrapolated across the range of powers between
min_power and MaxPower.
Speed > max_speed are filtered to get rid of non-linear behaviour
"""
speed = []
power = []
resistance = []
for data_list in resistance_series:
speed_data = []
power_data = []
#Extract the current resistance level for the series
res_level = data_list[0][2]
#Iterate over the speed, power readings in the series
for item in data_list:
#Filter out high speeds with non-linear behaviour
if (item[0] < max_speed):
speed_data.append(item[0])
power_data.append(item[1])
#Fit linear regression lines to each speed-power series
m,c = polyfit(power_data, speed_data, 1)
#Evaluate data points cross linear regression line
powerFit = np.arange(min_power, max_power, 10)
speedFit = np.polyval([m,c], powerFit)
#Synthesis 'linear fitted' list of speed, power measurements
for i in range(len(powerFit)):
speed.append(speedFit[i])
power.append(powerFit[i])
resistance.append(res_level)
return np.array(speed), np.array(power), np.array(resistance)
def fitData3(fileName):
# xVals is type 'numpy.ndarray'
# xVals[0] will return the 1st item in array
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals[:-6])
yVals = pylab.array(yVals[:-6])
xVals = xVals*9.81 # convert mass to force (F = mg)
observed_data_variance = calcVariance(xVals)
# need to grab the Y values from somewhere ??? maybe estYVals
# to compare with observed data Y values
# to calculate the variance of errors
# errors_variance = calcVariance(xVals)
coefficient_determination = 0
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label = 'Measured points')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('Force (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
a,b = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1) # fix y = ax + b
# use line equation to graph predicted values
estYVals = a*xVals + b
k = 1/a
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, label = 'Linear fit, k = '
+ str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc = 'best')
def main():
#get list of files
files = filelist("files")
#set up plotting
# run through each channel
for ch in range(32):
means = np.zeros(len(files)/2)
varis = np.zeros(len(files)/2)
#process pairs of images
for i in range(0, len(files), 2):
im1 = readfile(files[i])[:,ch*64:ch*64+64]
im2 = readfile(files[i+1])[:,ch*64:ch*64+64]
print "processing: ", files[i], files[i+1]
#get sum of means
som = summean(im1, im2)
#get variance of difference)
vod = diffvar(im1, im2)
means[i/2] = som
varis[i/2] = vod
print 'means:', means
print 'variances: ', varis
fit = pl.polyfit(varis, means, 1)
fit_fn = pl.poly1d(fit)
print "e-/ADU = ", fit[0]
plt.plot(varis, means, 'o', varis, fit_fn(varis), '--')
plt.legend(['Channel '+str(ch), str(round(fit[0],3))+' e-/ADU'], loc=9)
plt.xlabel('Variance')
plt.ylabel('Mean')
plt.title('Conversion Gain')
plt.savefig('ch'+str(ch).zfill(2)+'.png', bbox_inches='tight')
plt.clf()
return 0
def tryFits(fileN):
distance,height = getData(fileN)
distance = pylab.array(distance)
totalHeight = pylab.zeros(len(height[0]))
for i in height:
totalHeight = totalHeight+ pylab.array(i)
meanHeight = totalHeight/len(height)
pylab.plot(distance,meanHeight,"bo",label ="raw data")
pylab.xlabel("distance travelled(m)")
pylab.ylabel("height(m)")
a,b = pylab.polyfit(distance,meanHeight,1)
estYVals = a*distance + b
pylab.plot(distance,estYVals,label = "Linear Fit" + ",R2 =" + str(R2(estYVals,meanHeight)))
a,b,c = pylab.polyfit(distance,meanHeight,2)
estYVals = a*distance**2 + b*distance + c
pylab.plot(distance,estYVals,label = "Quadratic Fit" + ",R2 = " +str(R2(estYVals,meanHeight)))
a,b,c,d = pylab.polyfit(distance,meanHeight,3)
estYVals = a*distance**3 + b*distance**2 + c*distance + d
pylab.plot(distance,estYVals,label = "Polynomial Fit" + ",R2 = " +str(R2(estYVals,meanHeight)))
pylab.legend()
def fitData(fileName):
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
yVals = pylab.array(yVals)
xVals = xVals * 9.81 #get force
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label='Measured points')
labelPlot()
a, b = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1)
estYVals = a * pylab.array(xVals) + b
print('a =', a, 'b =', b)
pylab.plot(xVals,
estYVals,
'r',
label='Linear fit, k = ' + str(round(1 / a, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def fitData3(fileName):
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals[:-6])
yVals = pylab.array(yVals[:-6])
xVals = xVals * 9.81 # convert mass to force (F = mg)
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label='Measured points')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('Force (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
a, b = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1) # fix y = ax + b
# use line equation to graph predicted values
estYVals = a * xVals + b
k = 1 / a
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, label='Linear fit, k = ' + str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def doit():
a = 1.0
b = 2.0
c = 4.0
yVals = []
xVals = range(-20, 20)
for x in xVals:
yVals.append(a*x**2 + b*x + c)
yVals = 2*pylab.array(yVals)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
try:
a, b, c, d = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 3)
print a, b, c, d
except:
print 'fell to here'
def fitData1(fileName):
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
yVals = pylab.array(yVals)
xVals = xVals*9.81 #get force
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo',
label = 'Measured points')
labelPlot()
model = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1)
estYVals = pylab.polyval(model, xVals)
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, 'r',
label = 'Linear fit, k = '
+ str(round(1/model[0], 5)))
pylab.legend(loc = 'best')
pylab.show()
def fit_data_cubic_fe(input_file):
masses, distances = get_data(input_file)
distances = pylab.array(distances)
forces = pylab.array(masses) * 9.81
pylab.plot(forces, distances, 'ko', label='Measured displacements')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('|Force| (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
# find linear fit
a, b = pylab.polyfit(forces, distances, 1)
predicted_distances = a * pylab.array(forces) + b
k = 1.0 / a # slope a is delta(distance) / delta(force)
# k is the reciprocal of slope
pylab.plot(forces,
predicted_distances,
label='Displacements predicted by\n linear fit, k =' +
str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
fit = pylab.polyfit(forces, distances, 3)
predicted_distances = pylab.polyval(fit, forces)
forces_fe = np.append(forces, np.array([15]))
predicted_distances_fe = pylab.polyval(fit, forces_fe)
pylab.plot(forces_fe, predicted_distances_fe, 'k:', label='cubic fit')
pylab.xlim([0, 16])
def fitData(fileName):
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals[:-6]) #discard the last 6 points
yVals = pylab.array(yVals[:-6]) #where spring seems to exceed limit
xVals = xVals * 9.81
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label='Measured displacements')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('|Force| (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
a, b = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals,
1) #polyfit(observedx, observedy, degree)
estYVals = a * pylab.array(
xVals) + b #unnecessary: xvals was already an array
k = 1 / a
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, label='Linear fit, k = ' + str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def generate_models(x, y, degs):
"""
Generate regression models by fitting a polynomial for each degree in degs
to points (x, y).
Args:
x: an 1-d pylab array with length N, representing the x-coordinates of
the N sample points
y: an 1-d pylab array with length N, representing the y-coordinates of
the N sample points
degs: a list of degrees of the fitting polynomial
Returns:
a list of pylab arrays, where each array is a 1-d array of coefficients
that minimizes the squared error of the fitting polynomial
"""
# generates models
return [pylab.polyfit(x, y, deg) for deg in degs]
def generate_models(x, y, degs):
"""
Generate regression models by fitting a polynomial for each degree in degs
to points (x, y).
Args:
x: a list with length N, representing the x-coords of N sample points
y: a list with length N, representing the y-coords of N sample points
degs: a list of degrees of the fitting polynomial
Returns:
a list of numpy arrays, where each array is a 1-d array of coefficients
that minimizes the squared error of the fitting polynomial
"""
# TODO
# pass
# return list(map(lambda deg : pylab.polyfit(x ,y ,deg), degs))
return [pylab.polyfit(x, y, deg) for deg in degs]
def polyFit(x, y, degree):
"""
Find the best fit polynomial curve z of the specified degree for the data
contained in x and y and returns the expected y values for the best fit
polynomial curve for the original set of x values.
Parameters:
x - a Pylab array of x values
y - a Pylab array of y values
degree - the degree of the desired best fit polynomial
Returns:
a Pylab array of coefficients for the polynomial fit function of the
specified degree, corresponding to the input domain x.
"""
return pylab.polyfit(x, y, degree)
def generate_models(x, y, degs):
"""
Generate regression models by fitting a polynomial for each degree in degs
to points (x, y).
x: a list with length N, representing the x-coords of N sample points
y: a list with length N, representing the y-coords of N sample points
degs: a list of degrees of the fitting polynomial
Returns: a list of numpy arrays, where each array is a 1-d array of coefficients
that minimizes the squared error of the fitting polynomial
"""
array_list = []
for degree in degs:
model = pylab.polyfit(x, y, degree)
array_list.append(model)
return array_list
def fitData(inputFile):
masses, distances = getData(inputFile)
masses = pylab.array(masses)
distances = pylab.array(distances)
forces = masses * 9.81
pylab.plot(forces, distances, 'bo', label='Measured displacements')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('|Force| (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
#find cubic fit
a, b, c, d = pylab.polyfit(forces, distances, 3)
inc = forces[1] - forces[0]
for i in range(9):
forces = pylab.append(forces, forces[len(forces) - 1] + inc)
predictedDistances = a * (forces**3) + b * forces**2 + c * forces + d
pylab.plot(forces, predictedDistances, 'b:', label='cubic fit')
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def evaluate_models_on_training(x, y, models):
"""
For each regression model, compute the R-squared value for this model with the
standard error over slope of a linear regression line (only if the model is
linear), and plot the data along with the best fit curve.
For the plots, you should plot data points (x,y) as blue dots and your best
fit curve (aka model) as a red solid line. You should also label the axes
of this figure appropriately and have a title reporting the following
information:
degree of your regression model,
R-square of your model evaluated on the given data points,
and SE/slope (if degree of this model is 1 -- see se_over_slope).
Args:
x: an 1-d pylab array with length N, representing the x-coordinates of
the N sample points
y: an 1-d pylab array with length N, representing the y-coordinates of
the N sample points
models: a list containing the regression models you want to apply to
your data. Each model is a pylab array storing the coefficients of
a polynomial.
Returns:
None
"""
# TODO
for model in models:
fit = pylab.polyfit(x, y, model)
predictor = pylab.poly1d(fit)
predictions = predictor(x)
pylab.scatter(x, y, color='b')
pylab.plot(x, predictions, 'r')
if model == 1:
pylab.title("Degree: " + str(model) + ", $R^{2}$ : " +
str(r_squared(y, predictions)) + "\n" +
str(se_over_slope(x, y, predictions, fit)))
pylab.show()
else:
pylab.title("Degree: " + str(model) + ", $R^{2}$ : " +
str(r_squared(y, predictions)))
pylab.show()
pass
def fitData(fileName):
xVals, yVals = getSpringData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
yVals = pylab.array(yVals)
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label='Measured displacements')
model = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1) # fit data to line (degree = 1)
estYVals = pylab.polyval(model,
xVals) # generate array of estimated y values
estimatedK = round(1 / model[0], 3)
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, 'r', label = "Linear Fit, k = " + str(estimatedK)\
+ ", r^2 = " + str(round(rSquared(yVals, estYVals), 3)))
pylab.title("Measured Displacement of Spring")
pylab.xlabel('Force (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
pylab.legend()
def p5test():
a = 1.0
b = 2.0
c = 4.0
yVals = []
xVals = range(-20, 20)
for x in xVals:
yVals.append(a*x**2 + b*x + c)
yVals = 2*pylab.array(yVals)
print yVals
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
print xVals
try:
z = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 3)
print z
except:
print 'fell to here'
def fitData3(fileName):
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals[:-6])
yVals = pylab.array(yVals[:-6])
xVals = xVals * 9.81 #get force
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label='Measured points')
labelPlot()
model = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 3)
# add_point = pylab.array([15])
# xVals = numpy.hstack((xVals, add_point))
estYVals = pylab.polyval(model, xVals)
pylab.plot(
xVals,
estYVals,
'k--',
)
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def getFluidLevel(data,slope_threshold=1.5,window_size=15):
"""
Automatically determine the fluid level from the slope change
"""
found = False
n = data.shape[0]
for i in range(window_size,n-window_size):
window_ind = range(i-window_size,i+window_size)
window_data = data[i-window_size:i+window_size]
fit = pylab.polyfit(window_ind, window_data,1)
if fit[0] > slope_threshold:
found = True
break
if found:
return i, data[i]
else:
return None
def fitData(inputFile):
masses, distances = getData(inputFile)
distances = pylab.array(distances)
forces = pylab.array(masses) * 9.81
pylab.plot(forces, distances, 'ko', label='Measured displacements')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('|Force| (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
#find linear fit
a, b = pylab.polyfit(forces, distances, 1)
predictedDistances = a * pylab.array(forces) + b
k = 1.0 / a #see explanation in text
pylab.plot(forces,
predictedDistances,
label='Displacements predicted by\nlinear fit, k = ' +
str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def ajuste_lineal(self,
magnitud1,
magnitud2,
ObjectCatalog,
quitarOutliers=False):
"""
Method that performs a linear adjustment of the parameters magnitud1 and magnitud2
Parameters
----------
magnitud1 : `str`
X magnitude for the linear adjustment.
magnitud2 : `str`
Y magnitude for the linear adjustment.
ObjectCatalog : `str`
Catalog from which magnitud1 comes from.
ObjectCatalog1 : `str`
DESCRIPTION.
quitarOutliers : `bool`, optional
Catalog from which magnitud1 comes from.. The default is False.
Returns
-------
None.
"""
import pylab as plt
plt.figure(2)
self.p = plt.polyfit(self.datos[magnitud1], self.datos[magnitud2], 1)
Y = self.p[0] * self.datos[magnitud1] + self.p[1]
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(self.datos[magnitud1],
Y,
label="Ajuste y = %.3f + %.3f x" % (self.p[1], self.p[0]),
zorder=10)
plt.plot(self.datos[magnitud1],
self.datos[magnitud2],
'.',
label='Datos',
alpha=0.5)
plt.legend()
plt.title('Ajuste sin errores y con outliers')
plt.xlabel(magnitud1)
plt.ylabel(magnitud2)
plt.savefig('plot1.png')
def build_models(train_data_file_name, polynomial_degrees):
"""
:param train_data_file_name: 训练数据文件名
:param polynomial_degrees: 预拟合模型的多项式系数，e.g(1,2,4,8,16)
:return: 根据不同维度训练好的模型
"""
x_vals, y_vals = getData(train_data_file_name)
# 处理成array,将来作为实际参数传到polyfit
x_vals = pylab.array(x_vals)
y_vals = pylab.array(y_vals)
models = []
for degree in polynomial_degrees:
model = pylab.polyfit(x_vals, y_vals, degree)
models.append(model)
return models
def Regression(xVals, yVals, degrees, verbose=True):
yVals_predicted = {}
for degree in degrees:
model = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, degree)
yVals_predicted[degree] = pylab.polyval(model, xVals)
if verbose:
pylab.figure("Regression")
pylab.title("Regression of various degree polynomials")
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'ko')
pylab.xlabel("x Values")
pylab.ylabel("y Values")
for degree in yVals_predicted:
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals_predicted[degree],\
label = f"Regression degree : {degree}, R^2 = " +\
str(rSquare2(pylab.array(yVals), yVals_predicted[degree])))
pylab.legend(loc="best")
pylab.show()
return yVals_predicted
def fitData(filename):
xVals, yVals = getData(filename)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
yVals = pylab.array(yVals)
xVals = xVals * 9.81 #converting the mass to force (F = mg)
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label='Measured Displacement')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Springs')
pylab.xlabel('Force (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (Meters)')
# polyfit finds the values of the parameters for the predictin that minimize the
# sum of the squares of the errors or SSE, also called least squares
# pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, degree)
a, b = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1) # fit y = ax + b
# use line equation to graph predicted values
estYVals = a * xVals + b
k = 1 / a
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, label='Linear fit, k = ' + str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def fit_data2(input_file):
masses, distances = get_data(input_file)
distances = pylab.array(distances[:-6])
forces = pylab.array(masses[:-6]) * 9.81
pylab.plot(forces, distances, 'ko', label='Measured displacements')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('|Force| (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
# find linear fit
a, b = pylab.polyfit(forces, distances, 1)
predicted_distances = a * pylab.array(forces) + b
k = 1.0 / a # slope a is delta(distance) / delta(force)
# k is the reciprocal of slope
pylab.plot(forces,
predicted_distances,
label='Displacements predicted by\n linear fit, k =' +
str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def fitData(inputFile):
masses, distances = getData(inputFile)
distances = pylab.array(distances)
masses = pylab.array(masses)
forces = pylab.array(masses) * 9.81
pylab.plot(forces, distances, 'ko', label="Measurement Displacements")
pylab.title("Measured Displacement of Spring")
pylab.xlabel("|Force| (Newtons)")
pylab.ylabel("Distance (Meters)")
# find linear fit
a, b = pylab.polyfit(forces, distances, 1)
predictedDistances = a * pylab.array(forces) + b
k = 1.0 / a # a is dDist/dForce, k is dForce/dDist or a inverse
pylab.plot(forces,
predictedDistances,
label="Displacements Predicted by \nLinear Fit, k = " +
str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def generate_models(x, y, degs):
"""
Generate regression models by fitting a polynomial for each degree in degs
to points (x, y).
Args:
x: a list with length N, representing the x-coords of N sample points
y: a list with length N, representing the y-coords of N sample points
degs: a list of degrees of the fitting polynomial
Returns:
a list of numpy arrays, where each array is a 1-d array of coefficients
that minimizes the squared error of the fitting polynomial
"""
coeffs = []
for i in range(len(degs)):
coeffs.append(pylab.polyfit(x, y, degs[i]))
return coeffs
def leave_one_out_model(file_names, degrees, to_print):
"""
:param to_print: 是否打印每个维度的平均R2
:param file_names: 所有实验数据文件名.list 或 tuple皆可，比如 ["Dataset 1.txt","Dataset 2.txt"]
:param degrees:测试维度
:return:
"""
x_vals, y_vals = get_total_date(file_names)
SE = [0] * len(degrees)
# 共计n次
for i in range(len(x_vals)):
"""
留一法,取样本中的一份做为测试数据,另外数据作为训练数据，设评估结果为p.然后取p的平均。
"""
SE_for_this_trial = []
for degree in degrees:
x_vals_copy = x_vals[:]
y_vals_copy = y_vals[:]
test_x_val = pylab.array(x_vals_copy.pop(i))
test_y_val = y_vals_copy.pop(i)
train_x_vals = pylab.array(x_vals_copy)
train_y_vals = pylab.array(y_vals_copy)
model = pylab.polyfit(train_x_vals, train_y_vals, degree)
# 如果传入的ndarry的大小是1的话,est_y_val就是一个数字，而不是ndarry
est_y_val = pylab.polyval(model, test_x_val)
SE_for_this_trial.append((est_y_val - test_y_val) ** 2)
for j in range(len(SE)):
SE[j] += SE_for_this_trial[j]
if to_print:
for index in range(len(degrees)):
print("Degree of " + str(degrees[index]) + ",SUM Of SE = " + str(SE[index]))
degree_str_list = []
for degree in degrees:
# x轴
degree_str_list.append(str(degree))
pylab.title("SUM OF SE for Degree" + str(degrees))
pylab.xlabel("Degree")
pylab.ylabel("SUM OF SE")
pylab.plot(degree_str_list, SE)
pylab.legend(loc="best")
pylab.show()
def processTrajectories(fName):
distances, heights = getTrajectoryData(fName)
distances = pylab.array(distances)*36
totHeights = pylab.array([0]*len(distances))
for h in heights:
totHeights = totHeights + pylab.array(h)
pylab.title('Trajectory of Projectile (Mean of 4 Trials)')
pylab.xlabel('Inches from Launch Point')
pylab.ylabel('Inches Above Launch Point')
meanHeights = totHeights/len(heights)
pylab.plot(distances, meanHeights, 'bo')
a,b,c = pylab.polyfit(distances, meanHeights, 2)
altitudes = a*(distances**2) + b*distances + c
speed = getXSpeed(a, b, c, distances[-1], distances[0])
pylab.plot(distances, altitudes, 'g',
label = 'Quad. Fit' + ', R2 = '
+ str(round(rSquare(meanHeights, altitudes), 2))
+ ', Speed = ' + str(round(speed, 2)) + 'feet/sec')
pylab.legend()
def err_N():
err = []
Ni = []
for i in range(17):
N = 2**i
Ni.append(N)
err_v = abs(mc_integrate(f2, [0, 2], [0, 2], N) - np.pi)
err.append(err_v)
p = pylab.polyfit(np.log(Ni), np.log(err), 1)
line = np.log(Ni) * p[0] + (p[1])
print(p)
pylab.plot((Ni), np.exp(line), 'b')
pylab.loglog()
pylab.plot((Ni), (err), 'ro')
pylab.loglog()
pylab.show
def fitData(fileName):
xVals, yVals = getData(fileName)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
yVals = pylab.array(yVals)
xVals = xVals * 9.81 # convert mass to force (F = mg)
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals, 'bo', label='Measured points')
pylab.title('Measured Displacement of Spring')
pylab.xlabel('Force (Newtons)')
pylab.ylabel('Distance (meters)')
# polyfit now will try to find the a, b values that minimize the
# sum((yVals -(a*xVals +b))**2) =
a, b = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 1) # fit y = ax + b
# Now I will calculate the predicted estimate y-values for the given
# observed x-values, assuming that the predicted estimated y-values should
# follow a linear ax+b equation
# use line equation to graph predicted values
estYVals = a * xVals + b
k = 1 / a # calculate and display the spring constant k=1/a
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, label='Linear fit, k = ' + str(round(k, 5)))
pylab.legend(loc='best')
def p5():
a = 1.0
b = 2.0
c = 4.0
yVals = []
xVals = range(-20, 20)
for x in xVals:
yVals.append(a*x**2 + b*x + c)
yVals = 2*pylab.array(yVals)
xVals = pylab.array(xVals)
pylab.plot(xVals, yVals,'bo')
try:
a, b, c, d = pylab.polyfit(xVals, yVals, 3)
print a, b, c, d
estYVals = a*(xVals**3) + b*xVals**2 + c*xVals + d
pylab.plot(xVals, estYVals, label = 'Cubic fit')
pylab.legend(loc = 'best')
pylab.show()
except:
print 'fell to here'