def t_ext2int2ext(quiet=False):
"""Tests C{ext2int} and C{int2ext}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
t_begin(85, quiet)
##----- ppc = e2i_data/i2e_data(ppc) -----
t = 'ppc = e2i_data(ppc) : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
ppc = e2i_data(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppci['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppci['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppci['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t = 'ppc = e2i_data(ppc) - repeat : '
ppc = e2i_data(ppc)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppci['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppci['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppci['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t = 'ppc = i2e_data(ppc) : '
ppc = i2e_data(ppc)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppce['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppce['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppce['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppce['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppce['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppce['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppce['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
##----- val = e2i_data/i2e_data(ppc, val, ...) -----
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'bus\')'
ppc = e2i_data(ppce)
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xbus'], 'bus')
ex = ppce['xbus']
ex = delete(ex, 5, 0)
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'bus\')'
tmp = ones(ppce['xbus'].shape)
tmp[5, :] = ppce['xbus'][5, :]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'bus')
t_is(got, ppce['xbus'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'bus\', 1)'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xbus'], 'bus', 1)
ex = ppce['xbus']
ex = delete(ex, 5, 1)
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'bus\', 1)'
tmp = ones(ppce['xbus'].shape)
tmp[:, 5] = ppce['xbus'][:, 5]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'bus', 1)
t_is(got, ppce['xbus'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'gen\')'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xgen'], 'gen')
ex = ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :]
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'gen\')'
tmp = ones(ppce['xgen'].shape)
tmp[2, :] = ppce['xgen'][2, :]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'gen')
t_is(got, ppce['xgen'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'gen\', 1)'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xgen'], 'gen', 1)
ex = ppce['xgen'][:, [3, 1, 0]]
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'gen\', 1)'
tmp = ones(ppce['xgen'].shape)
tmp[:, 2] = ppce['xgen'][:, 2]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'gen', 1)
t_is(got, ppce['xgen'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'branch\')'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xbranch'], 'branch')
ex = ppce['xbranch']
ex = delete(ex, 6, 0)
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'branch\')'
tmp = ones(ppce['xbranch'].shape)
tmp[6, :] = ppce['xbranch'][6, :]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'branch')
t_is(got, ppce['xbranch'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'branch\', 1)'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xbranch'], 'branch', 1)
ex = ppce['xbranch']
ex = delete(ex, 6, 1)
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'branch\', 1)'
tmp = ones(ppce['xbranch'].shape)
tmp[:, 6] = ppce['xbranch'][:, 6]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'branch', 1)
t_is(got, ppce['xbranch'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xrows'], ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'])
ex = r_[ppce['xbranch'][list(range(6)) + list(range(7, 10)), :4],
ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :],
ppce['xbus'][list(range(5)) + list(range(6, 10)), :4],
-1 * ones((2, 4))]
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
tmp1 = ones(ppce['xbranch'][:, :4].shape)
tmp1[6, :4] = ppce['xbranch'][6, :4]
tmp2 = ones(ppce['xgen'].shape)
tmp2[2, :] = ppce['xgen'][2, :]
tmp3 = ones(ppce['xbus'][:, :4].shape)
tmp3[5, :4] = ppce['xbus'][5, :4]
tmp = r_[tmp1, tmp2, tmp3]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'])
t_is(got, ppce['xrows'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'}, 1)'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xcols'], ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'], 1)
ex = r_[ppce['xbranch'][list(range(6)) + list(range(7, 10)), :4],
ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :],
ppce['xbus'][list(range(5)) + list(range(6, 10)), :4],
-1 * ones((2, 4))].T
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'}, 1)'
tmp1 = ones(ppce['xbranch'][:, :4].shape)
tmp1[6, :4] = ppce['xbranch'][6, :4]
tmp2 = ones(ppce['xgen'].shape)
tmp2[2, :] = ppce['xgen'][2, :]
tmp3 = ones(ppce['xbus'][:, :4].shape)
tmp3[5, :4] = ppce['xbus'][5, :4]
tmp = r_[tmp1, tmp2, tmp3].T
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'], 1)
t_is(got, ppce['xcols'], 12, t)
##----- ppc = e2i_field/i2e_field(ppc, field, ...) -----
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'bus\')'
ppc = e2i_field(ppce)
ex = ppce['xbus']
ex = delete(ex, 5, 0)
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xbus', 'bus')
t_is(got['xbus'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'bus\')'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xbus', ordering='bus')
t_is(got['xbus'], ppce['xbus'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'bus\', 1)'
ex = ppce['xbus']
ex = delete(ex, 5, 1)
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xbus', 'bus', 1)
t_is(got['xbus'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'bus\', 1)'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xbus', ordering='bus', dim=1)
t_is(got['xbus'], ppce['xbus'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'gen\')'
ex = ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :]
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xgen', 'gen')
t_is(got['xgen'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'gen\')'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xgen', ordering='gen')
t_is(got['xgen'], ppce['xgen'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'gen\', 1)'
ex = ppce['xgen'][:, [3, 1, 0]]
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xgen', 'gen', 1)
t_is(got['xgen'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'gen\', 1)'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xgen', ordering='gen', dim=1)
t_is(got['xgen'], ppce['xgen'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'branch\')'
ex = ppce['xbranch']
ex = delete(ex, 6, 0)
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xbranch', 'branch')
t_is(got['xbranch'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'branch\')'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xbranch', ordering='branch')
t_is(got['xbranch'], ppce['xbranch'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'branch\', 1)'
ex = ppce['xbranch']
ex = delete(ex, 6, 1)
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xbranch', 'branch', 1)
t_is(got['xbranch'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'branch\', 1)'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xbranch', ordering='branch', dim=1)
t_is(got['xbranch'], ppce['xbranch'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
ex = r_[ppce['xbranch'][list(range(6)) + list(range(7, 10)), :4],
ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :],
ppce['xbus'][list(range(5)) + list(range(6, 10)), :4],
-1 * ones((2, 4))]
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xrows', ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'])
t_is(got['xrows'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xrows', ordering=['branch', 'gen', 'bus'])
t_is(got['xrows'], ppce['xrows'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'}, 1)'
ex = r_[ppce['xbranch'][list(range(6)) + list(range(7, 10)), :4],
ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :],
ppce['xbus'][list(range(5)) + list(range(6, 10)), :4],
-1 * ones((2, 4))].T
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xcols', ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'], 1)
t_is(got['xcols'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xcols', ordering=['branch', 'gen', 'bus'], dim=1)
t_is(got['xcols'], ppce['xcols'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, {\'field1\', \'field2\'}, ordering)'
ex = ppce['x']['more'][[3, 1, 0], :]
got = e2i_field(ppc, ['x', 'more'], 'gen')
t_is(got['x']['more'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, {\'field1\', \'field2\'}, ordering)'
got = i2e_field(got, ['x', 'more'], ordering='gen')
t_is(got['x']['more'], ppce['x']['more'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, {\'field1\', \'field2\'}, ordering, 1)'
ex = ppce['x']['more'][:, [3, 1, 0]]
got = e2i_field(ppc, ['x', 'more'], 'gen', 1)
t_is(got['x']['more'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, {\'field1\', \'field2\'}, ordering, 1)'
got = i2e_field(got, ['x', 'more'], ordering='gen', dim=1)
t_is(got['x']['more'], ppce['x']['more'], 12, t)
##----- more ppc = ext2int/int2ext(ppc) -----
t = 'ppc = ext2int(ppc) - bus/gen/branch only : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
del ppce['gencost']
del ppce['areas']
del ppce['A']
del ppce['N']
del ppci['gencost']
del ppci['areas']
del ppci['A']
del ppci['N']
ppc = ext2int(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t = 'ppc = ext2int(ppc) - no areas/A : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
del ppce['areas']
del ppce['A']
del ppci['areas']
del ppci['A']
ppc = ext2int(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppci['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t = 'ppc = ext2int(ppc) - Qg cost, no N : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
del ppce['N']
del ppci['N']
ppce['gencost'] = c_[ppce['gencost'], ppce['gencost']]
ppci['gencost'] = c_[ppci['gencost'], ppci['gencost']]
ppc = ext2int(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppci['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppci['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t = 'ppc = ext2int(ppc) - A, N are DC sized : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
eVmQgcols = list(range(10, 20)) + list(range(24, 28))
iVmQgcols = list(range(9, 18)) + list(range(21, 24))
ppce['A'] = delete(ppce['A'], eVmQgcols, 1)
ppce['N'] = delete(ppce['N'], eVmQgcols, 1)
ppci['A'] = delete(ppci['A'], iVmQgcols, 1)
ppci['N'] = delete(ppci['N'], iVmQgcols, 1)
ppc = ext2int(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppci['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppci['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppci['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t = 'ppc = int2ext(ppc) - A, N are DC sized : '
ppc = int2ext(ppc)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppce['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppce['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppce['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppce['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppce['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppce['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppce['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t_end()
def runcpf(basecasedata=None,
targetcasedata=None,
ppopt=None,
fname='',
solvedcase=''):
# default arguments
if basecasedata is None:
basecasedata = join(dirname(__file__), 'case9')
if targetcasedata is None:
targetcasedata = join(dirname(__file__), 'case9target')
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt)
# options
verbose = ppopt["VERBOSE"]
step = ppopt["CPF_STEP"]
parameterization = ppopt["CPF_PARAMETERIZATION"]
adapt_step = ppopt["CPF_ADAPT_STEP"]
cb_args = ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK_ARGS"]
# set up callbacks
callback_names = ["cpf_default_callback"]
if len(ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK"]) > 0:
if isinstance(ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK"], list):
callback_names = r_[callback_names, ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK"]]
else:
callback_names.append(ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK"])
callbacks = []
for callback_name in callback_names:
callbacks.append(getattr(cpf_callbacks, callback_name))
# read base case data
ppcbase = loadcase(basecasedata)
nb = ppcbase["bus"].shape[0]
# add zero columns to branch for flows if needed
if ppcbase["branch"].shape[1] < QT:
ppcbase["branch"] = c_[ppcbase["branch"],
zeros((ppcbase["branch"].shape[0],
QT - ppcbase["branch"].shape[1] + 1))]
# convert to internal indexing
ppcbase = ext2int(ppcbase)
baseMVAb, busb, genb, branchb = \
ppcbase["baseMVA"], ppcbase["bus"], ppcbase["gen"], ppcbase["branch"]
# get bus index lists of each type of bus
ref, pv, pq = bustypes(busb, genb)
# generator info
onb = find(genb[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) # which generators are on?
gbusb = genb[onb, GEN_BUS].astype(int) # what buses are they at?
# read target case data
ppctarget = loadcase(targetcasedata)
# add zero columns to branch for flows if needed
if ppctarget["branch"].shape[1] < QT:
ppctarget["branch"] = c_[ppctarget["branch"],
zeros(
(ppctarget["branch"].shape[0],
QT - ppctarget["branch"].shape[1] + 1))]
# convert to internal indexing
ppctarget = ext2int(ppctarget)
baseMVAt, bust, gent, brancht = \
ppctarget["baseMVA"], ppctarget["bus"], ppctarget["gen"], ppctarget["branch"]
# get bus index lists of each type of bus
# ref, pv, pq = bustypes(bust, gent)
# generator info
ont = find(gent[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) # which generators are on?
gbust = gent[ont, GEN_BUS].astype(int) # what buses are they at?
# ----- run the power flow -----
t0 = time()
if verbose > 0:
v = ppver('all')
stdout.write('PYPOWER Version %s, %s' % (v["Version"], v["Date"]))
stdout.write(' -- AC Continuation Power Flow\n')
# initial state
# V0 = ones(bus.shape[0]) ## flat start
V0 = busb[:, VM] * exp(1j * pi / 180 * busb[:, VA])
vcb = ones(V0.shape) # create mask of voltage-controlled buses
vcb[pq] = 0 # exclude PQ buses
k = find(vcb[gbusb]) # in-service gens at v-c buses
V0[gbusb[k]] = genb[onb[k], VG] / abs(V0[gbusb[k]]) * V0[gbusb[k]]
# build admittance matrices
Ybus, Yf, Yt = makeYbus(baseMVAb, busb, branchb)
# compute base case complex bus power injections (generation - load)
Sbusb = makeSbus(baseMVAb, busb, genb)
# compute target case complex bus power injections (generation - load)
Sbust = makeSbus(baseMVAt, bust, gent)
# scheduled transfer
Sxfr = Sbust - Sbusb
# Run the base case power flow solution
if verbose > 2:
ppopt_pf = ppoption(ppopt, VERBOSE=max(0, verbose - 1))
else:
ppopt_pf = ppoption(ppopt, VERBOSE=max(0, verbose - 2))
lam = 0
V, success, iterations = newtonpf(Ybus, Sbusb, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt_pf)
if verbose > 2:
print('step %3d : lambda = %6.3f\n' % (0, 0))
elif verbose > 1:
print('step %3d : lambda = %6.3f, %2d Newton steps\n',
(0, 0, iterations))
lamprv = lam # lam at previous step
Vprv = V # V at previous step
continuation = 1
cont_steps = 0
# input args for callbacks
cb_data = {
"ppc_base": ppcbase,
"ppc_target": ppctarget,
"Sxfr": Sxfr,
"Ybus": Ybus,
"Yf": Yf,
"Yt": Yt,
"ref": ref,
"pv": pv,
"pq": pq,
"ppopt": ppopt
}
cb_state = {}
# invoke callbacks
for k in range(len(callbacks)):
cb_state, _ = callbacks[k](cont_steps, V, lam, V, lam, cb_data,
cb_state, cb_args)
if linalg.norm(Sxfr) == 0:
if verbose:
print(
'base case and target case have identical load and generation\n'
)
continuation = 0
V0 = V
lam0 = lam
# tangent predictor z = [dx;dlam]
z = zeros(2 * len(V) + 1)
z[-1] = 1.0
while continuation:
cont_steps = cont_steps + 1
# prediction for next step
V0, lam0, z = cpf_predictor(V, lam, Ybus, Sxfr, pv, pq, step, z, Vprv,
lamprv, parameterization)
# save previous voltage, lambda before updating
Vprv = V
lamprv = lam
# correction
V, success, i, lam = cpf_corrector(Ybus, Sbusb, V0, ref, pv, pq, lam0,
Sxfr, Vprv, lamprv, z, step,
parameterization, ppopt_pf)
if not success:
continuation = 0
if verbose:
print(
'step %3d : lambda = %6.3f, corrector did not converge in %d iterations\n'
% (cont_steps, lam, i))
break
if verbose > 2:
print('step %3d : lambda = %6.3f\n' % (cont_steps, lam))
elif verbose > 1:
print('step %3d : lambda = %6.3f, %2d corrector Newton steps\n' %
(cont_steps, lam, i))
# invoke callbacks
for k in range(len(callbacks)):
cb_state, _ = callbacks[k](cont_steps, V, lam, V0, lam0, cb_data,
cb_state, cb_args)
if isinstance(ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"], str):
if ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"].upper() == "FULL":
if abs(lam) < 1e-8: # traced the full continuation curve
if verbose:
print(
'\nTraced full continuation curve in %d continuation steps\n'
% cont_steps)
continuation = 0
elif lam < lamprv and lam - step < 0: # next step will overshoot
step = lam # modify step-size
parameterization = 1 # change to natural parameterization
adapt_step = False # disable step-adaptivity
else: # == 'NOSE'
if lam < lamprv: # reached the nose point
if verbose:
print(
'\nReached steady state loading limit in %d continuation steps\n'
% cont_steps)
continuation = 0
else:
if lam < lamprv:
if verbose:
print(
'\nReached steady state loading limit in %d continuation steps\n'
% cont_steps)
continuation = 0
elif abs(ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"] -
lam) < 1e-8: # reached desired lambda
if verbose:
print(
'\nReached desired lambda %3.2f in %d continuation steps\n'
% (ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"], cont_steps))
continuation = 0
# will reach desired lambda in next step
elif lam + step > ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"]:
step = ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"] - lam # modify step-size
parameterization = 1 # change to natural parameterization
adapt_step = False # disable step-adaptivity
if adapt_step and continuation:
pvpq = r_[pv, pq]
# Adapt stepsize
cpf_error = linalg.norm(
r_[angle(V[pq]), abs(V[pvpq]), lam] -
r_[angle(V0[pq]), abs(V0[pvpq]), lam0], inf)
if cpf_error < ppopt["CPF_ERROR_TOL"]:
# Increase stepsize
step = step * ppopt["CPF_ERROR_TOL"] / cpf_error
if step > ppopt["CPF_STEP_MAX"]:
step = ppopt["CPF_STEP_MAX"]
else:
# decrese stepsize
step = step * ppopt["CPF_ERROR_TOL"] / cpf_error
if step < ppopt["CPF_STEP_MIN"]:
step = ppopt["CPF_STEP_MIN"]
# invoke callbacks
if success:
cpf_results = {}
for k in range(len(callbacks)):
cb_state, cpf_results = callbacks[k](cont_steps,
V,
lam,
V0,
lam0,
cb_data,
cb_state,
cb_args,
results=cpf_results,
is_final=True)
else:
cpf_results["iterations"] = i
# update bus and gen matrices to reflect the loading and generation
# at the noise point
bust[:, PD] = busb[:, PD] + lam * (bust[:, PD] - busb[:, PD])
bust[:, QD] = busb[:, QD] + lam * (bust[:, QD] - busb[:, QD])
gent[:, PG] = genb[:, PG] + lam * (gent[:, PG] - genb[:, PG])
# update data matrices with solution
bust, gent, brancht = pfsoln(baseMVAt, bust, gent, brancht, Ybus, Yf, Yt,
V, ref, pv, pq)
ppctarget["et"] = time() - t0
ppctarget["success"] = success
# ----- output results -----
# convert back to original bus numbering & print results
ppctarget["bus"], ppctarget["gen"], ppctarget[
"branch"] = bust, gent, brancht
if success:
n = cpf_results["iterations"] + 1
cpf_results["V_p"] = i2e_data(ppctarget, cpf_results["V_p"],
full((nb, n), nan), "bus", 0)
cpf_results["V_c"] = i2e_data(ppctarget, cpf_results["V_c"],
full((nb, n), nan), "bus", 0)
results = int2ext(ppctarget)
results["cpf"] = cpf_results
# zero out result fields of out-of-service gens & branches
if len(results["order"]["gen"]["status"]["off"]) > 0:
results["gen"][ix_(results["order"]["gen"]["status"]["off"],
[PG, QG])] = 0
if len(results["order"]["branch"]["status"]["off"]) > 0:
results["branch"][ix_(results["order"]["branch"]["status"]["off"],
[PF, QF, PT, QT])] = 0
if fname:
fd = None
try:
fd = open(fname, "a")
except Exception as detail:
stderr.write("Error opening %s: %s.\n" % (fname, detail))
finally:
if fd is not None:
printpf(results, fd, ppopt)
fd.close()
else:
printpf(results, stdout, ppopt)
# save solved case
if solvedcase:
savecase(solvedcase, results)
return results, success
def userfcn_reserves_int2ext(results, *args):
"""This is the 'int2ext' stage userfcn callback that converts everything
back to external indexing and packages up the results. It expects to
find a 'reserves' field in the results struct as described for ppc
above, including the two additional fields 'igr' and 'rgens'. It also
expects the results to contain a variable 'R' and linear constraints
'Pg_plus_R' and 'Rreq' which are used to populate output fields in
results.reserves. The optional args are not currently used.
"""
## initialize some things
r = results['reserves']
## grab some info in internal indexing order
igr = r['igr'] ## indices of gens available to provide reserves
ng = results['gen'].shape[0] ## number of on-line gens (+ disp loads)
##----- convert stuff back to external indexing -----
## convert all reserve parameters (zones, costs, qty, rgens)
if 'qty' in r:
results = i2e_field(results, ['reserves', 'qty'], ordering='gen')
results = i2e_field(results, ['reserves', 'cost'], ordering='gen')
results = i2e_field(results, ['reserves', 'zones'], ordering='gen', dim=1)
results = i2e_field(results, ['reserves', 'rgens'], ordering='gen', dim=1)
results['order']['int']['reserves']['igr'] = results['reserves'][
'igr'] ## save internal version
results['reserves']['igr'] = results['order']['ext']['reserves'][
'igr'] ## use external version
r = results['reserves'] ## update
o = results['order'] ## update
## grab same info in external indexing order
igr0 = r['igr'] ## indices of gens available to provide reserves
ng0 = o['ext']['gen'].shape[0] ## number of gens (+ disp loads)
##----- results post-processing -----
## get the results (per gen reserves, multipliers) with internal gen indexing
## and convert from p.u. to per MW units
_, Rl, Ru = results['om'].getv('R')
R = zeros(ng)
Rmin = zeros(ng)
Rmax = zeros(ng)
mu_l = zeros(ng)
mu_u = zeros(ng)
mu_Pmax = zeros(ng)
R[igr] = results['var']['val']['R'] * results['baseMVA']
Rmin[igr] = Rl * results['baseMVA']
Rmax[igr] = Ru * results['baseMVA']
mu_l[igr] = results['var']['mu']['l']['R'] / results['baseMVA']
mu_u[igr] = results['var']['mu']['u']['R'] / results['baseMVA']
mu_Pmax[igr] = results['lin']['mu']['u']['Pg_plus_R'] / results['baseMVA']
## store in results in results struct
z = zeros(ng0)
results['reserves']['R'] = i2e_data(results, R, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['Rmin'] = i2e_data(results, Rmin, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['Rmax'] = i2e_data(results, Rmax, z, 'gen')
if 'mu' not in results['reserves']:
results['reserves']['mu'] = {}
results['reserves']['mu']['l'] = i2e_data(results, mu_l, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['mu']['u'] = i2e_data(results, mu_u, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'] = i2e_data(results, mu_Pmax, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['prc'] = z
for k in igr0:
iz = find(r['zones'][:, k])
results['reserves']['prc'][k] = sum(
results['lin']['mu']['l']['Rreq'][iz]) / results['baseMVA']
results['reserves']['totalcost'] = results['cost']['Rcost']
## replace ng x 1 cost, qty with ngr x 1 originals
if 'original' in r:
if 'qty' in r:
results['reserves']['qty'] = r['original']['qty']
results['reserves']['cost'] = r['original']['cost']
del results['reserves']['original']
return results
def userfcn_reserves_int2ext(results, *args):
"""This is the 'int2ext' stage userfcn callback that converts everything
back to external indexing and packages up the results. It expects to
find a 'reserves' field in the results struct as described for ppc
above, including the two additional fields 'igr' and 'rgens'. It also
expects the results to contain a variable 'R' and linear constraints
'Pg_plus_R' and 'Rreq' which are used to populate output fields in
results.reserves. The optional args are not currently used.
"""
## initialize some things
r = results['reserves']
## grab some info in internal indexing order
igr = r['igr'] ## indices of gens available to provide reserves
ng = results['gen'].shape[0] ## number of on-line gens (+ disp loads)
##----- convert stuff back to external indexing -----
## convert all reserve parameters (zones, costs, qty, rgens)
if 'qty' in r:
results = i2e_field(results, ['reserves', 'qty'], ordering='gen')
results = i2e_field(results, ['reserves', 'cost'], ordering='gen')
results = i2e_field(results, ['reserves', 'zones'], ordering='gen', dim=1)
results = i2e_field(results, ['reserves', 'rgens'], ordering='gen', dim=1)
results['order']['int']['reserves']['igr'] = results['reserves']['igr'] ## save internal version
results['reserves']['igr'] = results['order']['ext']['reserves']['igr'] ## use external version
r = results['reserves'] ## update
o = results['order'] ## update
## grab same info in external indexing order
igr0 = r['igr'] ## indices of gens available to provide reserves
ng0 = o['ext']['gen'].shape[0] ## number of gens (+ disp loads)
##----- results post-processing -----
## get the results (per gen reserves, multipliers) with internal gen indexing
## and convert from p.u. to per MW units
_, Rl, Ru = results['om'].getv('R')
R = zeros(ng)
Rmin = zeros(ng)
Rmax = zeros(ng)
mu_l = zeros(ng)
mu_u = zeros(ng)
mu_Pmax = zeros(ng)
R[igr] = results['var']['val']['R'] * results['baseMVA']
Rmin[igr] = Rl * results['baseMVA']
Rmax[igr] = Ru * results['baseMVA']
mu_l[igr] = results['var']['mu']['l']['R'] / results['baseMVA']
mu_u[igr] = results['var']['mu']['u']['R'] / results['baseMVA']
mu_Pmax[igr] = results['lin']['mu']['u']['Pg_plus_R'] / results['baseMVA']
## store in results in results struct
z = zeros(ng0)
results['reserves']['R'] = i2e_data(results, R, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['Rmin'] = i2e_data(results, Rmin, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['Rmax'] = i2e_data(results, Rmax, z, 'gen')
if 'mu' not in results['reserves']:
results['reserves']['mu'] = {}
results['reserves']['mu']['l'] = i2e_data(results, mu_l, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['mu']['u'] = i2e_data(results, mu_u, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'] = i2e_data(results, mu_Pmax, z, 'gen')
results['reserves']['prc'] = z
for k in igr0:
iz = find(r['zones'][:, k])
results['reserves']['prc'][k] = sum(results['lin']['mu']['l']['Rreq'][iz]) / results['baseMVA']
results['reserves']['totalcost'] = results['cost']['Rcost']
## replace ng x 1 cost, qty with ngr x 1 originals
if 'original' in r:
if 'qty' in r:
results['reserves']['qty'] = r['original']['qty']
results['reserves']['cost'] = r['original']['cost']
del results['reserves']['original']
return results
def int2ext(ppc, val_or_field=None, oldval=None, ordering=None, dim=0):
"""Converts internal to external bus numbering.
C{ppc = int2ext(ppc)}
If the input is a single PYPOWER case dict, then it restores all
buses, generators and branches that were removed because of being
isolated or off-line, and reverts to the original generator ordering
and original bus numbering. This requires that the 'order' key
created by L{ext2int} be in place.
Example::
ppc = int2ext(ppc)
@see: L{ext2int}, L{i2e_field}, L{i2e_data}
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
ppc = deepcopy(ppc)
if val_or_field is None: # nargin == 1
if 'order' not in ppc:
sys.stderr.write('int2ext: ppc does not have the "order" field '
'required for conversion back to external numbering.\n')
o = ppc["order"]
if o["state"] == 'i':
## execute userfcn callbacks for 'int2ext' stage
if 'userfcn' in ppc:
ppc = run_userfcn(ppc["userfcn"], 'int2ext', ppc)
## save data matrices with internal ordering & restore originals
o["int"] = {}
o["int"]["bus"] = ppc["bus"].copy()
o["int"]["branch"] = ppc["branch"].copy()
o["int"]["gen"] = ppc["gen"].copy()
ppc["bus"] = o["ext"]["bus"].copy()
ppc["branch"] = o["ext"]["branch"].copy()
ppc["gen"] = o["ext"]["gen"].copy()
if 'gencost' in ppc:
o["int"]["gencost"] = ppc["gencost"].copy()
ppc["gencost"] = o["ext"]["gencost"].copy()
if 'areas' in ppc:
o["int"]["areas"] = ppc["areas"].copy()
ppc["areas"] = o["ext"]["areas"].copy()
if 'A' in ppc:
o["int"]["A"] = ppc["A"].copy()
ppc["A"] = o["ext"]["A"].copy()
if 'N' in ppc:
o["int"]["N"] = ppc["N"].copy()
ppc["N"] = o["ext"]["N"].copy()
## update data (in bus, branch and gen only)
ppc["bus"][o["bus"]["status"]["on"], :] = \
o["int"]["bus"]
ppc["branch"][o["branch"]["status"]["on"], :] = \
o["int"]["branch"]
ppc["gen"][o["gen"]["status"]["on"], :] = \
o["int"]["gen"][o["gen"]["i2e"], :]
if 'areas' in ppc:
ppc["areas"][o["areas"]["status"]["on"], :] = \
o["int"]["areas"]
## revert to original bus numbers
ppc["bus"][o["bus"]["status"]["on"], BUS_I] = \
o["bus"]["i2e"] \
[ ppc["bus"][o["bus"]["status"]["on"], BUS_I].astype(int) ]
ppc["branch"][o["branch"]["status"]["on"], F_BUS] = \
o["bus"]["i2e"][ ppc["branch"] \
[o["branch"]["status"]["on"], F_BUS].astype(int) ]
ppc["branch"][o["branch"]["status"]["on"], T_BUS] = \
o["bus"]["i2e"][ ppc["branch"] \
[o["branch"]["status"]["on"], T_BUS].astype(int) ]
ppc["gen"][o["gen"]["status"]["on"], GEN_BUS] = \
o["bus"]["i2e"][ ppc["gen"] \
[o["gen"]["status"]["on"], GEN_BUS].astype(int) ]
if 'areas' in ppc:
ppc["areas"][o["areas"]["status"]["on"], PRICE_REF_BUS] = \
o["bus"]["i2e"][ ppc["areas"] \
[o["areas"]["status"]["on"], PRICE_REF_BUS].astype(int) ]
if 'ext' in o: del o['ext']
o["state"] = 'e'
ppc["order"] = o
else:
sys.stderr.write('int2ext: ppc claims it is already using '
'external numbering.\n')
else: ## convert extra data
if isinstance(val_or_field, str) or isinstance(val_or_field, list):
## field (key)
warn('Calls of the form MPC = INT2EXT(MPC, ''FIELD_NAME'', ...) have been deprecated. Please replace INT2EXT with I2E_FIELD.')
bus, gen = val_or_field, oldval
if ordering is not None:
dim = ordering
ppc = i2e_field(ppc, bus, gen, dim)
else:
## value
warn('Calls of the form VAL = INT2EXT(MPC, VAL, ...) have been deprecated. Please replace INT2EXT with I2E_DATA.')
bus, gen, branch = val_or_field, oldval, ordering
ppc = i2e_data(ppc, bus, gen, branch, dim)
return ppc
