def run(self, args):
files_with_error = []
results = {}
###### Rekall
if args.cmd == 'rekall':
if args.kerberos_dir is not None and 'all' not in args.packages:
args.packages.append('ktickets')
mimi = pypykatz.parse_memory_dump_rekall(args.memoryfile,
args.timestamp_override,
packages=args.packages)
results['rekall'] = mimi
###### Minidump
elif args.cmd == 'minidump':
if args.directory:
dir_fullpath = os.path.abspath(args.memoryfile)
file_pattern = '*.dmp'
if args.recursive == True:
globdata = os.path.join(dir_fullpath, '**', file_pattern)
else:
globdata = os.path.join(dir_fullpath, file_pattern)
logger.info('Parsing folder %s' % dir_fullpath)
for filename in glob.glob(globdata, recursive=args.recursive):
logger.info('Parsing file %s' % filename)
try:
if args.kerberos_dir is not None and 'all' not in args.packages:
args.packages.append('ktickets')
mimi = pypykatz.parse_minidump_file(
filename, packages=args.packages)
results[filename] = mimi
if args.halt_on_error == True and len(mimi.errors) > 0:
raise Exception('Error in modules!')
except Exception as e:
files_with_error.append(filename)
logger.exception('Error parsing file %s ' % filename)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
pass
else:
logger.info('Parsing file %s' % args.memoryfile)
try:
if args.kerberos_dir is not None and 'all' not in args.packages:
args.packages.append('ktickets')
mimi = pypykatz.parse_minidump_file(args.memoryfile,
packages=args.packages)
results[args.memoryfile] = mimi
if args.halt_on_error == True and len(mimi.errors) > 0:
raise Exception('Error in modules!')
except Exception as e:
logger.exception('Error while parsing file %s' %
args.memoryfile)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
traceback.print_exc()
self.process_results(results, files_with_error, args)
def run(self, args):
files_with_error = []
results = {}
###### Rekall
if args.cmd == 'rekall':
mimi = pypykatz.parse_memory_dump_rekall(args.memoryfile,
args.timestamp_override)
results['rekall'] = mimi
###### Minidump
elif args.cmd == 'minidump':
if args.directory:
dir_fullpath = os.path.abspath(args.memoryfile)
file_pattern = '*.dmp'
if args.recursive == True:
globdata = os.path.join(dir_fullpath, '**', file_pattern)
else:
globdata = os.path.join(dir_fullpath, file_pattern)
logging.info('Parsing folder %s' % dir_fullpath)
for filename in glob.glob(globdata, recursive=args.recursive):
logging.info('Parsing file %s' % filename)
try:
mimi = pypykatz.parse_minidump_file(filename)
results[filename] = mimi
except Exception as e:
files_with_error.append(filename)
logging.exception('Error parsing file %s ' % filename)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
pass
else:
logging.info('Parsing file %s' % args.memoryfile)
try:
mimi = pypykatz.parse_minidump_file(args.memoryfile)
results[args.memoryfile] = mimi
except Exception as e:
logging.exception('Error while parsing file %s' %
args.memoryfile)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
traceback.print_exc()
self.process_results(results, files_with_error, args)
def main():
import argparse
import glob
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description=
'Pure Python implementation of Mimikatz --or at least some parts of it--'
)
parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='count', default=0)
parser.add_argument('--json',
action='store_true',
help='Print credentials in JSON format')
parser.add_argument('-e',
'--halt-on-error',
action='store_true',
help='Stops parsing when a file cannot be parsed')
parser.add_argument(
'-o',
'--outfile',
help=
'Save results to file (you can specify --json for json file, or text format will be written)'
)
parser.add_argument('-k',
'--kerberos-dir',
help='Save kerberos tickets to a directory.')
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='commands')
subparsers.required = True
subparsers.dest = 'command'
minidump_group = subparsers.add_parser(
'minidump', help='Get secrets from LSASS minidump file')
minidump_group.add_argument(
'minidumpfile',
help='path to the minidump file or a folder (if -r is set)')
minidump_group.add_argument('-r',
'--recursive',
action='store_true',
help='Recursive parsing')
minidump_group.add_argument('-d',
'--directory',
action='store_true',
help='Parse all dump files in a folder')
live_group = subparsers.add_parser('live',
help='Get secrets from live machine')
live_subparsers = live_group.add_subparsers(help='module')
live_subparsers.required = True
live_subparsers.dest = 'module'
live_subparser_lsa_group = live_subparsers.add_parser(
'lsa', help='Get all secrets from LSASS')
live_subparser_registry_group = live_subparsers.add_parser(
'registry', help='Get all secrets from registry')
live_subparser_process_group = live_subparsers.add_parser(
'process', help='Process creating/manipulation commands')
live_subparser_process_group.add_argument('cmd', choices=['create'])
live_subparser_process_group.add_argument(
'-i',
'--interactive',
action='store_true',
help='Spawns a new interactive process')
live_subparser_process_group.add_argument(
'--sid', help='Impersonate given SID in new process')
live_subparser_process_group.add_argument(
'-c', '--cmdline', help='The process to execute. Default: cmd.exe')
live_subparser_token_group = live_subparsers.add_parser(
'token', help='Token creating/manipulation commands')
live_subparser_token_group.add_argument('cmd', choices=['list', 'current'])
live_subparser_token_group.add_argument(
'-f',
'--force',
action='store_true',
help=
'Tries to list as many tokens as possible without SE_DEBUG privilege')
live_subparser_users_group = live_subparsers.add_parser(
'users', help='User creating/manipulation commands')
live_subparser_users_group.add_argument('cmd', choices=['list', 'whoami'])
live_subparser_dpapi_group = live_subparsers.add_parser(
'dpapi', help='DPAPI (live) related commands')
live_subparser_dpapi_group.add_argument(
'-r',
'--method_registry',
action='store_true',
help='Getting prekeys from LIVE registry')
live_subparser_dpapi_group.add_argument('--vpol', help='VPOL file')
live_subparser_dpapi_group.add_argument('--vcred', help='VCRED file')
live_subparser_dpapi_group.add_argument('--cred', help='credential file')
live_subparser_dpapi_group.add_argument('--mkf', help='masterkey file')
dpapi_group = subparsers.add_parser(
'dpapi', help='DPAPI (offline) related commands')
dpapi_group.add_argument('cmd',
choices=['masterkey', 'credential', 'vault'])
dpapi_group.add_argument(
'-r',
'--method_registry',
action='store_true',
help=
'Getting prekeys from registry hive files. Using this you will need to also supply system, security and optionally sam switches'
)
dpapi_group.add_argument('--system', help='Path to SYSTEM hive file')
dpapi_group.add_argument('--sam', help='Path to SAM hive file')
dpapi_group.add_argument('--security', help='Path to SECURITY hive file')
dpapi_group.add_argument('--vcred', help='VCRED file')
dpapi_group.add_argument('--cred', help='credential file')
dpapi_group.add_argument('--mkf', help='masterkey file')
dpapi_group.add_argument(
'--key',
help=
'Key used for decryption. The usage of this key depends on what other params you supply.'
)
dpapi_group.add_argument(
'--sid',
help=
'Key used for decryption. The usage of this key depends on what other params you supply.'
)
dpapi_group.add_argument(
'--password',
help=
'Key used for decryption. The usage of this key depends on what other params you supply.'
)
rekall_group = subparsers.add_parser('rekall',
help='Get secrets from memory dump')
rekall_group.add_argument('memoryfile',
help='path to the memory dump file')
rekall_group.add_argument(
'-t',
'--timestamp_override',
type=int,
help='enforces msv timestamp override (0=normal, 1=anti_mimikatz)')
registry_group = subparsers.add_parser(
'registry', help='Get secrets from registry files')
registry_group.add_argument('system',
help='path to the SYSTEM registry hive')
registry_group.add_argument('--sam', help='path to the SAM registry hive')
registry_group.add_argument('--security',
help='path to the SECURITY registry hive')
####### PARSING ARGUMENTS
args = parser.parse_args()
###### VERBOSITY
if args.verbose == 0:
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
elif args.verbose == 1:
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
else:
level = 5 - args.verbose
logging.basicConfig(level=level)
##### Common obj
results = {}
files_with_error = []
###### Live
if args.command == 'live':
if args.module == 'lsa':
filename = 'live'
try:
mimi = pypykatz.go_live()
results['live'] = mimi
except Exception as e:
files_with_error.append(filename)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
print(
'Exception while dumping LSA credentials from memory.')
traceback.print_exc()
pass
elif args.module == 'registry':
from pypykatz.registry.live_parser import LiveRegistry
lr = None
try:
lr = LiveRegistry.go_live()
except Exception as e:
logging.debug(
'Failed to obtain registry secrets via direct registry reading method'
)
try:
lr = OffineRegistry.from_live_system()
except Exception as e:
logging.debug(
'Failed to obtain registry secrets via filedump method'
)
if lr is not None:
if args.outfile:
lr.to_file(args.outfile, args.json)
else:
print(str(lr))
else:
print('Registry parsing failed!')
elif args.module == 'process':
if args.cmd == 'create':
from pypykatz.commons.winapi.processmanipulator import ProcessManipulator
pm = ProcessManipulator()
sid = 'S-1-5-18'
if args.sid is not None:
sid = args.sid
if args.cmdline is not None:
cmdline = args.cmdline
else:
#looking for the correct path...
cmdline = os.environ['ComSpec']
pm.create_process_for_sid(target_sid=sid,
cmdline=cmdline,
interactive=args.interactive)
return
elif args.module == 'token':
from pypykatz.commons.winapi.processmanipulator import ProcessManipulator
if args.cmd == 'list':
pm = ProcessManipulator()
for ti in pm.list_all_tokens(args.force):
print(str(ti))
return
if args.cmd == 'current':
pm = ProcessManipulator()
token_info = pm.get_current_token_info()
print(str(token_info))
return
elif args.module == 'users':
from pypykatz.commons.winapi.machine import LiveMachine
if args.cmd == 'list':
lm = LiveMachine()
users = lm.list_users()
for sid in users:
print(str(users[sid]))
elif args.cmd == 'whoami':
lm = LiveMachine()
user = lm.get_current_user()
print(str(user))
elif args.module == 'dpapi':
from pypykatz.dpapi.dpapi import DPAPI
dpapi = DPAPI()
#####pre-key section
if args.method_registry == True:
dpapi.get_prekeys_form_registry_live()
if not args.mkf:
raise Exception(
'Live registry method requires masterkeyfile to be set!'
)
dpapi.decrypt_masterkey_file(args.mkf)
else:
dpapi.get_masterkeys_from_lsass_live()
#decryption stuff
if args.vcred:
if args.vpol is None:
raise Exception(
'for VCRED decryption you must suppliy VPOL file')
dpapi.decrypt_vpol_file(args.vpol)
res = dpapi.decrypt_vcrd_file(args.vcred)
for attr in res:
for i in range(len(res[attr])):
if res[attr][i] is not None:
print('AttributeID: %s Key %s' % (attr.id, i))
print(hexdump(res[attr][i]))
elif args.vpol:
key1, key2 = dpapi.decrypt_vpol_file(args.vpol)
print('VPOL key1: %s' % key1.hex())
print('VPOL key2: %s' % key2.hex())
elif args.cred:
cred_blob = dpapi.decrypt_credential_file(args.cred)
print(cred_blob.to_text())
else:
#just printing masterkeys
for guid in dpapi.masterkeys:
print('GUID: %s MASTERKEY: %s' %
(guid, dpapi.masterkeys[guid].hex()))
if len(dpapi.masterkeys) == 0:
print('Failed to decrypt masterkey')
###### DPAPI offline
elif args.command == 'dpapi':
from pypykatz.dpapi.dpapi import DPAPI
if args.key is not None:
key = bytes.fromhex(args.key)
dpapi = DPAPI()
if args.cmd == 'masterkey':
if args.mkf is None:
raise Exception('You need to provide a masterkey file.')
if args.method_registry == True:
if args.system is None or args.security is None:
raise Exception(
'For offline registry parsing you will need to provide SYSTEM and SECURITY hives!'
)
dpapi.get_prekeys_form_registry_files(args.system,
args.security, args.sam)
dpapi.decrypt_masterkey_file(args.mkf)
elif args.key is not None:
dpapi.decrypt_masterkey_file(args.mkf, key)
elif args.sid is not None:
pw = args.password
if args.password is None:
import getpass
pw = getpass.getpass()
dpapi.get_prekeys_from_password(args.sid, pw)
dpapi.decrypt_masterkey_file(args.mkf)
else:
raise Exception(
'For masterkey decryption you must provide either registry hives OR key data OR SID and password'
)
for guid in dpapi.masterkeys:
print('GUID %s MASTERKEY %s' %
(guid, dpapi.masterkeys[guid].hex()))
if len(dpapi.masterkeys) == 0:
print('Failed to decrypt the masterkeyfile!')
elif args.cmd == 'credential':
if args.key is not None:
cred_blob = dpapi.decrypt_credential_file(args.cred, key)
print(cred_blob.to_text())
else:
if args.method_registry == True:
if args.system is None or args.security is None:
raise Exception(
'For offline registry parsing you will need to provide SYSTEM and SECURITY hives!'
)
dpapi.get_prekeys_form_registry_files(
args.system, args.security, args.sam)
dpapi.decrypt_masterkey_file(args.mkf, key)
elif args.sid is not None:
pw = args.password
if args.password is None:
import getpass
pw = getpass.getpass()
dpapi.get_prekeys_from_password(args.sid, pw)
dpapi.decrypt_masterkey_file(args.mkf, key)
elif args.minidump is not None:
dpapi.get_masterkeys_from_lsass_dump(args.minidumpfile)
cred_blob = dpapi.decrypt_credential_file(args.cred, key)
print(cred_blob.to_text())
elif args.cmd == 'vault':
if args.vpol is not None:
if args.key is not None:
key1, key2 = dpapi.decrypt_vpol_file(args.vpol, key)
print('VPOL key1: %s' % key1.hex())
print('VPOL key2: %s' % key2.hex())
else:
if args.method_registry == True:
if args.system is None or args.security is None:
raise Exception(
'For offline registry parsing you will need to provide SYSTEM and SECURITY hives!'
)
dpapi.get_prekeys_form_registry_files(
args.system, args.security, args.sam)
dpapi.decrypt_masterkey_file(args.mkf, key)
elif args.sid is not None:
pw = args.password
if args.password is None:
import getpass
pw = getpass.getpass()
dpapi.get_prekeys_from_password(args.sid, pw)
dpapi.decrypt_masterkey_file(args.mkf, key)
elif args.minidump is not None:
dpapi.get_masterkeys_from_lsass_dump(args.minidumpfile)
key1, key2 = dpapi.decrypt_vpol_file(args.vpol)
print('VPOL key1: %s' % key1.hex())
print('VPOL key2: %s' % key2.hex())
if args.vcred is not None:
res = dpapi.decrypt_vcrd_file(args.vcred)
for attr in res:
for i in range(len(res[attr])):
if res[attr][i] is not None:
print('AttributeID: %s Key %s' % (attr.id, i))
print(hexdump(res[attr][i]))
if args.vcred is not None:
if args.key is not None:
key1, key2 = dpapi.decrypt_vpol_file(args.vpol, key)
print('VPOL key1: %s' % key1.hex())
print('VPOL key2: %s' % key2.hex())
if args.vpol is None:
raise Exception(
'VCRED decryption requires a key OR a VPOL file')
###### Rekall
elif args.command == 'rekall':
mimi = pypykatz.parse_memory_dump_rekall(args.memoryfile,
args.timestamp_override)
results['rekall'] = mimi
###### Minidump
elif args.command == 'minidump':
if args.directory:
dir_fullpath = os.path.abspath(args.minidumpfile)
file_pattern = '*.dmp'
if args.recursive == True:
globdata = os.path.join(dir_fullpath, '**', file_pattern)
else:
globdata = os.path.join(dir_fullpath, file_pattern)
logging.info('Parsing folder %s' % dir_fullpath)
for filename in glob.glob(globdata, recursive=args.recursive):
logging.info('Parsing file %s' % filename)
try:
mimi = pypykatz.parse_minidump_file(filename)
results[filename] = mimi
except Exception as e:
files_with_error.append(filename)
logging.exception('Error parsing file %s ' % filename)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
pass
else:
logging.info('Parsing file %s' % args.minidumpfile)
try:
mimi = pypykatz.parse_minidump_file(args.minidumpfile)
results[args.minidumpfile] = mimi
except Exception as e:
logging.exception('Error while parsing file %s' %
args.minidumpfile)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
traceback.print_exc()
###### Registry
elif args.command == 'registry':
po = OffineRegistry.from_files(args.system, args.sam, args.security)
if args.outfile:
po.to_file(args.outfile, args.json)
else:
print(str(po))
if args.outfile and args.json:
with open(args.outfile, 'w') as f:
json.dump(results,
f,
cls=UniversalEncoder,
indent=4,
sort_keys=True)
elif args.outfile:
with open(args.outfile, 'w') as f:
for result in results:
f.write('FILE: ======== %s =======\n' % result)
for luid in results[result].logon_sessions:
f.write('\n' + str(results[result].logon_sessions[luid]))
if len(results[result].orphaned_creds) > 0:
f.write('\n== Orphaned credentials ==\n')
for cred in results[result].orphaned_creds:
f.write(str(cred))
if len(files_with_error) > 0:
f.write('\n== Failed to parse these files:\n')
for filename in files_with_error:
f.write('%s\n' % filename)
elif args.json:
print(
json.dumps(results, cls=UniversalEncoder, indent=4,
sort_keys=True))
else:
for result in results:
print('FILE: ======== %s =======' % result)
if isinstance(results[result], str):
print(results[result])
else:
for luid in results[result].logon_sessions:
print(str(results[result].logon_sessions[luid]))
if len(results[result].orphaned_creds) > 0:
print('== Orphaned credentials ==')
for cred in results[result].orphaned_creds:
print(str(cred))
if len(files_with_error) > 0:
print('\n==== Parsing errors:')
for filename in files_with_error:
print(filename)
if args.kerberos_dir:
dir = os.path.abspath(args.kerberos_dir)
logging.info('Writing kerberos tickets to %s' % dir)
for filename in results:
base_filename = ntpath.basename(filename)
ccache_filename = '%s_%s.ccache' % (
base_filename, os.urandom(4).hex()) #to avoid collisions
results[filename].kerberos_ccache.to_file(
os.path.join(dir, ccache_filename))
for luid in results[filename].logon_sessions:
for kcred in results[filename].logon_sessions[
luid].kerberos_creds:
for ticket in kcred.tickets:
ticket.to_kirbi(dir)
for cred in results[filename].orphaned_creds:
if cred.credtype == 'kerberos':
for ticket in cred.tickets:
ticket.to_kirbi(dir)
def main():
import argparse
import glob
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description=
'Pure Python implementation of Mimikatz --or at least some parts of it--'
)
parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='count', default=0)
parser.add_argument('--json',
action='store_true',
help='Print credentials in JSON format')
parser.add_argument('-e',
'--halt-on-error',
action='store_true',
help='Stops parsing when a file cannot be parsed')
parser.add_argument(
'-o',
'--outfile',
help=
'Save results to file (you can specify --json for json file, or text format will be written)'
)
parser.add_argument('-k',
'--kerberos-dir',
help='Save kerberos tickets to a directory.')
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='commands')
subparsers.required = True
subparsers.dest = 'command'
minidump_group = subparsers.add_parser(
'minidump', help='Get secrets from LSASS minidump file')
minidump_group.add_argument(
'minidumpfile',
help='path to the minidump file or a folder (if -r is set)')
minidump_group.add_argument('-r',
'--recursive',
action='store_true',
help='Recursive parsing')
minidump_group.add_argument('-d',
'--directory',
action='store_true',
help='Parse all dump files in a folder')
live_group = subparsers.add_parser('live',
help='Get secrets from live machine')
live_subparsers = live_group.add_subparsers(help='module')
live_subparsers.required = True
live_subparsers.dest = 'module'
live_subparser_lsa_group = live_subparsers.add_parser(
'lsa', help='List all tickets in the file')
rekall_group = subparsers.add_parser('rekall',
help='Get secrets from memory dump')
rekall_group.add_argument('memoryfile',
help='path to the memory dump file')
rekall_group.add_argument(
'-t',
'--timestamp_override',
type=int,
help='enforces msv timestamp override (0=normal, 1=anit_mimikatz)')
####### PARSING ARGUMENTS
args = parser.parse_args()
###### VERBOSITY
if args.verbose == 0:
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
elif args.verbose == 1:
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
else:
level = 5 - args.verbose
logging.basicConfig(level=level)
##### Common obj
results = {}
files_with_error = []
###### Live
if args.command == 'live':
if args.module == 'lsa':
filename = 'live'
try:
mimi = pypykatz.go_live()
results['live'] = mimi
except Exception as e:
files_with_error.append(filename)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
print(
'Exception while dumping LSA credentials from memory.')
traceback.print_exc()
pass
###### Rekall
elif args.command == 'rekall':
mimi = pypykatz.parse_memory_dump_rekall(args.memoryfile,
args.timestamp_override)
results['rekall'] = mimi
###### Minidump
elif args.command == 'minidump':
if args.directory:
dir_fullpath = os.path.abspath(args.minidumpfile)
file_pattern = '*.dmp'
if args.recursive == True:
globdata = os.path.join(dir_fullpath, '**', file_pattern)
else:
globdata = os.path.join(dir_fullpath, file_pattern)
logging.info('Parsing folder %s' % dir_fullpath)
for filename in glob.glob(globdata, recursive=args.recursive):
logging.info('Parsing file %s' % filename)
try:
mimi = pypykatz.parse_minidump_file(filename)
results[filename] = mimi
except Exception as e:
files_with_error.append(filename)
logging.exception('Error parsing file %s ' % filename)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
pass
else:
logging.info('Parsing file %s' % args.minidumpfile)
try:
mimi = pypykatz.parse_minidump_file(args.minidumpfile)
results[args.minidumpfile] = mimi
except Exception as e:
logging.exception('Error while parsing file %s' %
args.minidumpfile)
if args.halt_on_error == True:
raise e
else:
traceback.print_exc()
if args.outfile and args.json:
with open(args.outfile, 'w') as f:
json.dump(results,
f,
cls=UniversalEncoder,
indent=4,
sort_keys=True)
elif args.outfile:
with open(args.outfile, 'w') as f:
for result in results:
f.write('FILE: ======== %s =======\n' % result)
for luid in results[result].logon_sessions:
f.write('\n' + str(results[result].logon_sessions[luid]))
if len(results[result].orphaned_creds) > 0:
f.write('\n== Orphaned credentials ==\n')
for cred in results[result].orphaned_creds:
f.write(str(cred))
if len(files_with_error) > 0:
f.write('\n== Failed to parse these files:\n')
for filename in files_with_error:
f.write('%s\n' % filename)
elif args.json:
print(
json.dumps(results, cls=UniversalEncoder, indent=4,
sort_keys=True))
else:
for result in results:
print('FILE: ======== %s =======' % result)
if isinstance(results[result], str):
print(results[result])
else:
for luid in results[result].logon_sessions:
print(str(results[result].logon_sessions[luid]))
if len(results[result].orphaned_creds) > 0:
print('== Orphaned credentials ==')
for cred in results[result].orphaned_creds:
print(str(cred))
if len(files_with_error) > 0:
print('\n==== Parsing errors:')
for filename in files_with_error:
print(filename)
if args.kerberos_dir:
dir = os.path.abspath(args.kerberos_dir)
logging.info('Writing kerberos tickets to %s' % dir)
for filename in results:
base_filename = ntpath.basename(filename)
ccache_filename = '%s_%s.ccache' % (
base_filename, os.urandom(4).hex()) #to avoid collisions
results[filename].kerberos_ccache.to_file(
os.path.join(dir, ccache_filename))
for luid in results[filename].logon_sessions:
for kcred in results[filename].logon_sessions[
luid].kerberos_creds:
for ticket in kcred.tickets:
ticket.to_kirbi(dir)
for cred in results[filename].orphaned_creds:
if cred.credtype == 'kerberos':
for ticket in cred.tickets:
ticket.to_kirbi(dir)