def test_primitive_strings(self):
""" get primitives test """
self.assertEqual(X.primitive_strings(), {'Pauli'})
gnarly_op = 3 * (H ^ I ^ Y).compose(X ^ X ^ Z).tensor(T ^ Z) + \
PrimitiveOp(Operator.from_label('+r0IX').data)
self.assertEqual(gnarly_op.primitive_strings(),
{'QuantumCircuit', 'Matrix'})
def test_quantum_info_input(self):
"""Test passing quantum_info.Operator and Statevector as input."""
mark = Statevector.from_label('001')
diffuse = 2 * DensityMatrix.from_label('000') - Operator.from_label('III')
grover_op = GroverOperator(oracle=mark, zero_reflection=diffuse)
self.assertGroverOperatorIsCorrect(grover_op,
oracle=np.diag((-1) ** mark.data),
zero_reflection=diffuse.data)
def test_controlled_standard_gates(self, num_ctrl_qubits, gate_class):
"""Test controlled versions of all standard gates."""
theta = pi / 2
ctrl_state_ones = 2**num_ctrl_qubits - 1
ctrl_state_zeros = 0
ctrl_state_mixed = ctrl_state_ones >> int(num_ctrl_qubits / 2)
numargs = len(_get_free_params(gate_class))
args = [theta] * numargs
if gate_class in [MSGate, Barrier]:
args[0] = 2
elif gate_class in [MCU1Gate, MCPhaseGate]:
args[1] = 2
elif issubclass(gate_class, MCXGate):
args = [5]
gate = gate_class(*args)
for ctrl_state in {
ctrl_state_ones, ctrl_state_zeros, ctrl_state_mixed
}:
with self.subTest(i='{0}, ctrl_state={1}'.format(
gate_class.__name__, ctrl_state)):
if hasattr(
gate,
'num_ancilla_qubits') and gate.num_ancilla_qubits > 0:
# skip matrices that include ancilla qubits
continue
try:
cgate = gate.control(num_ctrl_qubits,
ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
except (AttributeError, QiskitError):
# 'object has no attribute "control"'
# skipping Id and Barrier
continue
if gate.name == 'rz':
iden = Operator.from_label('I')
zgen = Operator.from_label('Z')
base_mat = (np.cos(0.5 * theta) * iden -
1j * np.sin(0.5 * theta) * zgen).data
else:
base_mat = Operator(gate).data
target_mat = _compute_control_matrix(base_mat,
num_ctrl_qubits,
ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
self.assertEqual(Operator(cgate), Operator(target_mat))
def test_adjoint(self):
"""adjoint test"""
gnarly_op = 3 * (H ^ I
^ Y).compose(X ^ X ^ Z).tensor(T ^ Z) + PrimitiveOp(
Operator.from_label("+r0IX").data)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
np.conj(np.transpose(gnarly_op.to_matrix())),
gnarly_op.adjoint().to_matrix())
def test_evals(self):
""" evals test """
# pylint: disable=no-member
# TODO: Think about eval names
self.assertEqual(Z.eval('0').eval('0'), 1)
self.assertEqual(Z.eval('1').eval('0'), 0)
self.assertEqual(Z.eval('0').eval('1'), 0)
self.assertEqual(Z.eval('1').eval('1'), -1)
self.assertEqual(X.eval('0').eval('0'), 0)
self.assertEqual(X.eval('1').eval('0'), 1)
self.assertEqual(X.eval('0').eval('1'), 1)
self.assertEqual(X.eval('1').eval('1'), 0)
self.assertEqual(Y.eval('0').eval('0'), 0)
self.assertEqual(Y.eval('1').eval('0'), -1j)
self.assertEqual(Y.eval('0').eval('1'), 1j)
self.assertEqual(Y.eval('1').eval('1'), 0)
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
Y.eval('11')
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
(X ^ Y).eval('1111')
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
Y.eval((X ^ X).to_matrix_op())
# Check that Pauli logic eval returns same as matrix logic
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(Z.to_matrix()).eval('0').eval('0'), 1)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(Z.to_matrix()).eval('1').eval('0'), 0)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(Z.to_matrix()).eval('0').eval('1'), 0)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(Z.to_matrix()).eval('1').eval('1'), -1)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(X.to_matrix()).eval('0').eval('0'), 0)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(X.to_matrix()).eval('1').eval('0'), 1)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(X.to_matrix()).eval('0').eval('1'), 1)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(X.to_matrix()).eval('1').eval('1'), 0)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(Y.to_matrix()).eval('0').eval('0'), 0)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(Y.to_matrix()).eval('1').eval('0'), -1j)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(Y.to_matrix()).eval('0').eval('1'), 1j)
self.assertEqual(PrimitiveOp(Y.to_matrix()).eval('1').eval('1'), 0)
pauli_op = Z ^ I ^ X ^ Y
mat_op = PrimitiveOp(pauli_op.to_matrix())
full_basis = list(map(''.join, itertools.product('01', repeat=pauli_op.num_qubits)))
for bstr1, bstr2 in itertools.product(full_basis, full_basis):
# print('{} {} {} {}'.format(bstr1, bstr2, pauli_op.eval(bstr1, bstr2),
# mat_op.eval(bstr1, bstr2)))
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(pauli_op.eval(bstr1).eval(bstr2),
mat_op.eval(bstr1).eval(bstr2))
gnarly_op = SummedOp([(H ^ I ^ Y).compose(X ^ X ^ Z).tensor(Z),
PrimitiveOp(Operator.from_label('+r0I')),
3 * (X ^ CX ^ T)], coeff=3 + .2j)
gnarly_mat_op = PrimitiveOp(gnarly_op.to_matrix())
full_basis = list(map(''.join, itertools.product('01', repeat=gnarly_op.num_qubits)))
for bstr1, bstr2 in itertools.product(full_basis, full_basis):
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(gnarly_op.eval(bstr1).eval(bstr2),
gnarly_mat_op.eval(bstr1).eval(bstr2))
def test_primitive_strings(self):
"""get primitives test"""
self.assertEqual(X.primitive_strings(), {"Pauli"})
gnarly_op = 3 * (H ^ I
^ Y).compose(X ^ X ^ Z).tensor(T ^ Z) + PrimitiveOp(
Operator.from_label("+r0IX").data)
self.assertEqual(gnarly_op.primitive_strings(),
{"QuantumCircuit", "Matrix"})
def test_channel_gate_error(self):
"""Test the gate_error function for channel inputs"""
depol = Choi(np.eye(4) / 2)
iden = Choi(Operator.from_label('I'))
# Depolarizing channel
prob = 0.11
chan = prob * depol + (1 - prob) * iden
err = gate_error(chan, require_cp=True, require_tp=True)
target = 1 - average_gate_fidelity(chan)
self.assertAlmostEqual(err, target, places=7)
# Depolarizing channel
prob = 0.5
op = Operator.from_label('Y')
chan = (prob * depol + (1 - prob) * iden) @ op
err = gate_error(chan, op, require_cp=True, require_tp=True)
target = 1 - average_gate_fidelity(chan, op)
self.assertAlmostEqual(err, target, places=7)
def test_to_pauli_op(self):
""" Test to_pauli_op method """
gnarly_op = 3 * (H ^ I ^ Y).compose(X ^ X ^ Z).tensor(T ^ Z) + \
PrimitiveOp(Operator.from_label('+r0IX').data)
mat_op = gnarly_op.to_matrix_op()
pauli_op = gnarly_op.to_pauli_op()
self.assertIsInstance(pauli_op, SummedOp)
for p in pauli_op:
self.assertIsInstance(p, PauliOp)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(mat_op.to_matrix(), pauli_op.to_matrix())
def test_to_matrix(self):
"""to matrix text """
np.testing.assert_array_equal(X.to_matrix(), Operator.from_label('X').data)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(Y.to_matrix(), Operator.from_label('Y').data)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(Z.to_matrix(), Operator.from_label('Z').data)
op1 = Y + H
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(op1.to_matrix(), Y.to_matrix() + H.to_matrix())
op2 = op1 * .5
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(op2.to_matrix(), op1.to_matrix() * .5)
op3 = (4 - .6j) * op2
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(op3.to_matrix(), op2.to_matrix() * (4 - .6j))
op4 = op3.tensor(X)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(op4.to_matrix(),
np.kron(op3.to_matrix(), X.to_matrix()))
op5 = op4.compose(H ^ I)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(op5.to_matrix(), np.dot(op4.to_matrix(),
(H ^ I).to_matrix()))
op6 = op5 + PrimitiveOp(Operator.from_label('+r').data)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
op6.to_matrix(), op5.to_matrix() + Operator.from_label('+r').data)
param = Parameter("α")
m = np.array([[0, -1j], [1j, 0]])
op7 = MatrixOp(m, param)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(op7.to_matrix(), m * param)
param = Parameter("β")
op8 = PauliOp(primitive=Pauli("Y"), coeff=param)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(op8.to_matrix(), m * param)
param = Parameter("γ")
qc = QuantumCircuit(1)
qc.h(0)
op9 = CircuitOp(qc, coeff=param)
m = np.array([[1, 1], [1, -1]]) / np.sqrt(2)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(op9.to_matrix(), m * param)
def test_controlled_standard_gates(self, num_ctrl_qubits):
"""Test controlled versions of all standard gates."""
gate_classes = [
cls for cls in allGates.__dict__.values() if isinstance(cls, type)
]
theta = pi / 2
for cls in gate_classes:
with self.subTest(i=cls):
numargs = len(_get_free_params(cls))
args = [theta] * numargs
if cls in [MSGate, Barrier]:
args[0] = 2
elif cls in [MCU1Gate]:
args[1] = 2
elif issubclass(cls, MCXGate):
args = [5]
gate = cls(*args)
if hasattr(
gate,
'num_ancilla_qubits') and gate.num_ancilla_qubits > 0:
# skip matrices that include ancilla qubits
continue
try:
cgate = gate.control(num_ctrl_qubits)
except (AttributeError, QiskitError):
# 'object has no attribute "control"'
# skipping Id and Barrier
continue
if gate.name == 'rz':
iden = Operator.from_label('I')
zgen = Operator.from_label('Z')
base_mat = (np.cos(0.5 * theta) * iden -
1j * np.sin(0.5 * theta) * zgen).data
else:
base_mat = Operator(gate).data
target_mat = _compute_control_matrix(base_mat, num_ctrl_qubits)
self.assertTrue(
matrix_equal(Operator(cgate).data,
target_mat,
ignore_phase=True))
def test_controlled_standard_gates(self, num_ctrl_qubits):
"""
Test controlled versions of all standard gates.
"""
gate_classes = [
cls for name, cls in allGates.__dict__.items()
if isinstance(cls, type)
]
theta = pi / 2
for cls in gate_classes:
with self.subTest(i=cls):
sig = signature(cls)
numargs = len([
param for param in sig.parameters.values()
if param.kind == param.POSITIONAL_ONLY or (
param.kind == param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
and param.default is param.empty)
])
args = [theta] * numargs
if cls in [MSGate, Barrier]:
args[0] = 2
gate = cls(*args)
try:
cgate = gate.control(num_ctrl_qubits)
except (AttributeError, QiskitError):
# 'object has no attribute "control"'
# skipping Id and Barrier
continue
if gate.name == 'rz':
iden = Operator.from_label('I')
zgen = Operator.from_label('Z')
base_mat = (np.cos(0.5 * theta) * iden -
1j * np.sin(0.5 * theta) * zgen).data
else:
base_mat = Operator(gate).data
target_mat = _compute_control_matrix(base_mat, num_ctrl_qubits)
self.assertTrue(
matrix_equal(Operator(cgate).data,
target_mat,
ignore_phase=True))
def test_io_consistency(self):
"""consistency test"""
new_op = X ^ Y ^ I
label = "XYI"
# label = new_op.primitive.to_label()
self.assertEqual(str(new_op.primitive), label)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(new_op.primitive.to_matrix(),
Operator.from_label(label).data)
self.assertEqual(new_op.primitive, Pauli(label))
x_mat = X.primitive.to_matrix()
y_mat = Y.primitive.to_matrix()
i_mat = np.eye(2, 2)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
new_op.primitive.to_matrix(), np.kron(np.kron(x_mat, y_mat),
i_mat))
hi = np.kron(H.to_matrix(), I.to_matrix())
hi2 = Operator.from_label("HI").data
hi3 = (H ^ I).to_matrix()
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(hi, hi2)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(hi2, hi3)
xy = np.kron(X.to_matrix(), Y.to_matrix())
xy2 = Operator.from_label("XY").data
xy3 = (X ^ Y).to_matrix()
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(xy, xy2)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(xy2, xy3)
# Check if numpy array instantiation is the same as from Operator
matrix_op = Operator.from_label("+r")
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
PrimitiveOp(matrix_op).to_matrix(),
PrimitiveOp(matrix_op.data).to_matrix())
# Ditto list of lists
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
PrimitiveOp(matrix_op.data.tolist()).to_matrix(),
PrimitiveOp(matrix_op.data).to_matrix(),
)
def test_qobj_with_hamiltonian(self):
"""test qobj output with hamiltonian"""
qr = QuantumRegister(4)
qc = QuantumCircuit(qr)
qc.rx(np.pi / 4, qr[0])
matrix = Operator.from_label('XIZ')
theta = Parameter('theta')
uni = HamiltonianGate(matrix, theta, label='XIZ')
qc.append(uni, [qr[0], qr[1], qr[3]])
qc.cx(qr[3], qr[2])
qc = qc.bind_parameters({theta: np.pi / 2})
qobj = qiskit.compiler.assemble(qc)
instr = qobj.experiments[0].instructions[1]
self.assertEqual(instr.name, 'hamiltonian')
# Also test label
self.assertEqual(instr.label, 'XIZ')
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
np.array(instr.params[0]).astype(np.complex64), matrix.data)
def test_3q_hamiltonian(self):
"""test 3 qubit hamiltonian on non-consecutive bits"""
qr = QuantumRegister(4)
qc = QuantumCircuit(qr)
qc.x(qr[0])
matrix = Operator.from_label("XZY")
theta = Parameter("theta")
uni3q = HamiltonianGate(matrix, theta)
qc.append(uni3q, [qr[0], qr[1], qr[3]])
qc.cx(qr[3], qr[2])
# test of text drawer
self.log.info(qc)
qc = qc.bind_parameters({theta: -np.pi / 2})
dag = circuit_to_dag(qc)
nodes = dag.multi_qubit_ops()
self.assertEqual(len(nodes), 1)
dnode = nodes[0]
self.assertIsInstance(dnode.op, HamiltonianGate)
self.assertEqual(dnode.qargs, [qr[0], qr[1], qr[3]])
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(dnode.op.to_matrix(), 1j * matrix.data)
def test_circuit_multi(self):
"""Test circuit multi regs declared at start."""
qreg0 = QuantumRegister(2, "q0")
creg0 = ClassicalRegister(2, "c0")
qreg1 = QuantumRegister(2, "q1")
creg1 = ClassicalRegister(2, "c1")
circ = QuantumCircuit(qreg0, qreg1, creg0, creg1)
circ.x(qreg0[1])
circ.x(qreg1[0])
meas = QuantumCircuit(qreg0, qreg1, creg0, creg1)
meas.measure(qreg0, creg0)
meas.measure(qreg1, creg1)
qc = circ.compose(meas)
backend_sim = BasicAer.get_backend("qasm_simulator")
result = execute(qc, backend_sim, seed_transpiler=34342).result()
counts = result.get_counts(qc)
target = {"01 10": 1024}
backend_sim = BasicAer.get_backend("statevector_simulator")
result = execute(circ, backend_sim, seed_transpiler=3438).result()
state = result.get_statevector(circ)
backend_sim = BasicAer.get_backend("unitary_simulator")
result = execute(circ, backend_sim, seed_transpiler=3438).result()
unitary = Operator(result.get_unitary(circ))
self.assertEqual(counts, target)
self.assertAlmostEqual(state_fidelity(Statevector.from_label("0110"),
state),
1.0,
places=7)
self.assertAlmostEqual(process_fidelity(Operator.from_label("IXXI"),
unitary),
1.0,
places=7)
def test_circuit_multi(self):
"""Test circuit multi regs declared at start."""
qreg0 = QuantumRegister(2, 'q0')
creg0 = ClassicalRegister(2, 'c0')
qreg1 = QuantumRegister(2, 'q1')
creg1 = ClassicalRegister(2, 'c1')
circ = QuantumCircuit(qreg0, qreg1)
circ.x(qreg0[1])
circ.x(qreg1[0])
meas = QuantumCircuit(qreg0, qreg1, creg0, creg1)
meas.measure(qreg0, creg0)
meas.measure(qreg1, creg1)
qc = circ + meas
backend_sim = BasicAer.get_backend('qasm_simulator')
result = execute(qc, backend_sim, seed_transpiler=34342).result()
counts = result.get_counts(qc)
target = {'01 10': 1024}
backend_sim = BasicAer.get_backend('statevector_simulator')
result = execute(circ, backend_sim, seed_transpiler=3438).result()
state = result.get_statevector(circ)
backend_sim = BasicAer.get_backend('unitary_simulator')
result = execute(circ, backend_sim, seed_transpiler=3438).result()
unitary = result.get_unitary(circ)
self.assertEqual(counts, target)
self.assertAlmostEqual(state_fidelity(Statevector.from_label('0110'),
state),
1.0,
places=7)
self.assertAlmostEqual(process_fidelity(Operator.from_label('IXXI'),
unitary),
1.0,
places=7)
def test_diamond_norm(self, num_qubits):
"""Test the diamond_norm for {num_qubits}-qubit pauli channel."""
try:
import cvxpy
except ImportError:
# Skip test if CVXPY not installed
self.skipTest("CVXPY not installed.")
# Pauli channels have an analytic expression for the
# diamond norm so we can easily test it
op = Choi(np.zeros((4 ** num_qubits, 4 ** num_qubits)))
labels = [num_qubits * i for i in ['I', 'X', 'Y', 'Z']]
coeffs = [-1.0, 0.5, 2.5, -0.1]
for coeff, label in zip(coeffs, labels):
op = op + coeff * Choi(Operator.from_label(label))
target = np.sum(np.abs(coeffs))
try:
value = diamond_norm(op)
self.assertAlmostEqual(value, target, places=4)
except cvxpy.SolverError:
self.skipTest("CVXPY solver failed.")
def test_2q_hamiltonian(self):
"""test 2 qubit hamiltonian"""
qr = QuantumRegister(2)
cr = ClassicalRegister(2)
qc = QuantumCircuit(qr, cr)
matrix = Operator.from_label("XY")
qc.x(qr[0])
theta = Parameter("theta")
uni2q = HamiltonianGate(matrix, theta)
qc.append(uni2q, [qr[0], qr[1]])
qc2 = qc.bind_parameters({theta: -np.pi / 2})
dag = circuit_to_dag(qc2)
nodes = dag.two_qubit_ops()
self.assertEqual(len(nodes), 1)
dnode = nodes[0]
self.assertIsInstance(dnode.op, HamiltonianGate)
self.assertEqual(dnode.qargs, [qr[0], qr[1]])
# Equality based on Pauli exponential identity
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(dnode.op.to_matrix(),
1j * matrix.data)
qc3 = dag_to_circuit(dag)
self.assertEqual(qc2, qc3)
def test_rotation_gates(self):
"""Test controlled rotation gates"""
import qiskit.extensions.standard.u1 as u1
import qiskit.extensions.standard.rx as rx
import qiskit.extensions.standard.ry as ry
import qiskit.extensions.standard.rz as rz
num_ctrl = 2
num_target = 1
qreg = QuantumRegister(num_ctrl + num_target)
theta = pi / 2
gu1 = u1.U1Gate(theta)
grx = rx.RXGate(theta)
gry = ry.RYGate(theta)
grz = rz.RZGate(theta)
ugu1 = ac._unroll_gate(gu1, ['u1', 'u3', 'cx'])
ugrx = ac._unroll_gate(grx, ['u1', 'u3', 'cx'])
ugry = ac._unroll_gate(gry, ['u1', 'u3', 'cx'])
ugrz = ac._unroll_gate(grz, ['u1', 'u3', 'cx'])
ugrz.params = grz.params
cgu1 = ugu1.control(num_ctrl)
cgrx = ugrx.control(num_ctrl)
cgry = ugry.control(num_ctrl)
cgrz = ugrz.control(num_ctrl)
for gate, cgate in zip([gu1, grx, gry, grz], [cgu1, cgrx, cgry, cgrz]):
with self.subTest(i=gate.name):
if gate.name == 'rz':
iden = Operator.from_label('I')
zgen = Operator.from_label('Z')
op_mat = (np.cos(0.5 * theta) * iden -
1j * np.sin(0.5 * theta) * zgen).data
else:
op_mat = Operator(gate).data
ref_mat = Operator(cgate).data
cop_mat = _compute_control_matrix(op_mat, num_ctrl)
self.assertTrue(
matrix_equal(cop_mat, ref_mat, ignore_phase=True))
cqc = QuantumCircuit(num_ctrl + num_target)
cqc.append(cgate, cqc.qregs[0])
dag = circuit_to_dag(cqc)
unroller = Unroller(['u3', 'cx'])
uqc = dag_to_circuit(unroller.run(dag))
self.log.info('%s gate count: %d', cgate.name, uqc.size())
self.log.info('\n%s', str(uqc))
# these limits could be changed
if gate.name == 'ry':
self.assertTrue(uqc.size() <= 32)
elif gate.name == 'rz':
self.assertTrue(uqc.size() <= 40)
else:
self.assertTrue(uqc.size() <= 20)
qc = QuantumCircuit(qreg, name='composite')
qc.append(grx.control(num_ctrl), qreg)
qc.append(gry.control(num_ctrl), qreg)
qc.append(gry, qreg[0:gry.num_qubits])
qc.append(grz.control(num_ctrl), qreg)
dag = circuit_to_dag(qc)
unroller = Unroller(['u3', 'cx'])
uqc = dag_to_circuit(unroller.run(dag))
print(uqc.size())
self.log.info('%s gate count: %d', uqc.name, uqc.size())
self.assertTrue(uqc.size() <= 93) # this limit could be changed
def apply_gate(self, gate):
self.state = self.state.evolve(Operator.from_label(gate))
self.operations.append(gate)
def new_state(self, n=5):
for i in range(n):
self.state = self.state.evolve(Operator.from_label(State.operators[random.randint(0, len(State.operators)-1)]))
self.original = self.state
def test_nontp_process_fidelity(self):
"""Test process_fidelity for non-TP channel"""
chan = 0.99 * Choi(Operator.from_label('X'))
fid = process_fidelity(chan)
self.assertLogs('qiskit.quantum_info.operators.measures', level='WARNING')
self.assertAlmostEqual(fid, 0, places=15)
