def rhot(self, rho0, t, tau):
"""
Compute the reduced system density matrix :math:`\\rho(t)`
Parameters
----------
rho0 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
initial density matrix or state vector (ket)
t : float
current time
tau : float
time-delay
Returns
-------
: :class:`qutip.Qobj`
density matrix at time :math:`t`
"""
if qt.isket(rho0):
rho0 = qt.ket2dm(rho0)
E = self.propagator(t, tau)
rhovec = qt.operator_to_vector(rho0)
return qt.vector_to_operator(E*rhovec)
def rhot(self, rho0, t, tau):
"""
Compute the reduced system density matrix :math:`\\rho(t)`
Parameters
----------
rho0 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
initial density matrix or state vector (ket)
t : float
current time
tau : float
time-delay
Returns
-------
: :class:`qutip.Qobj`
density matrix at time :math:`t`
"""
if qt.isket(rho0):
rho0 = qt.ket2dm(rho0)
E = self.propagator(t, tau)
rhovec = qt.operator_to_vector(rho0)
return qt.vector_to_operator(E*rhovec)
def testOperatorVectorNotSquare(self):
"""
Superoperator: Operator - vector - operator conversion for non-square matrix.
"""
op1 = Qobj(np.random.rand(6).reshape((3, 2)))
op2 = vector_to_operator(operator_to_vector(op1))
assert_((op1 - op2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorVector(self):
"""
Superoperator: Operator - vector - operator conversion.
"""
N = 3
rho1 = rand_dm(N)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(operator_to_vector(rho1))
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorVector(self):
"""
Superoperator: Operator - vector - operator conversion.
"""
N = 3
rho1 = rand_dm(N)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(operator_to_vector(rho1))
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorVectorTensor(self):
"""
Superoperator: Operator - vector - operator conversion with a tensor product state.
"""
Na = 3
Nb = 2
rhoa = rand_dm(Na)
rhob = rand_dm(Nb)
rho1 = tensor(rhoa, rhob)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(operator_to_vector(rho1))
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorUnitaryTransform(self):
"""
Superoperator: Unitary transformation with operators and superoperators
"""
N = 3
rho = rand_dm(N)
U = rand_unitary(N)
rho1 = U * rho * U.dag()
rho2_vec = spre(U) * spost(U.dag()) * operator_to_vector(rho)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(rho2_vec)
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorSpostAppl(self):
"""
Superoperator: apply operator and superoperator from right (spost)
"""
N = 3
rho = rand_dm(N)
U = rand_unitary(N)
rho1 = rho * U
rho2_vec = spost(U) * operator_to_vector(rho)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(rho2_vec)
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorSpreAppl(self):
"""
Superoperator: apply operator and superoperator from left (spre)
"""
N = 3
rho = rand_dm(N)
U = rand_unitary(N)
rho1 = U * rho
rho2_vec = spre(U) * operator_to_vector(rho)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(rho2_vec)
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorSpreAppl(self):
"""
Superoperator: apply operator and superoperator from left (spre)
"""
N = 3
rho = rand_dm(N)
U = rand_unitary(N)
rho1 = U * rho
rho2_vec = spre(U) * operator_to_vector(rho)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(rho2_vec)
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorSpostAppl(self):
"""
Superoperator: apply operator and superoperator from right (spost)
"""
N = 3
rho = rand_dm(N)
U = rand_unitary(N)
rho1 = rho * U
rho2_vec = spost(U) * operator_to_vector(rho)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(rho2_vec)
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def testOperatorUnitaryTransform(self):
"""
Superoperator: Unitary transformation with operators and superoperators
"""
N = 3
rho = rand_dm(N)
U = rand_unitary(N)
rho1 = U * rho * U.dag()
rho2_vec = spre(U) * spost(U.dag()) * operator_to_vector(rho)
rho2 = vector_to_operator(rho2_vec)
assert_((rho1 - rho2).norm() < 1e-8)
def _target_outputs_from_inputs_open_map(self, input_states):
raise NotImplementedError('Not implemented yet')
# Note that in case of an open map target, all target states are
# density matrices, instead of just kets like they would when the
# target is a unitary gate.
target_states = []
for psi in input_states:
# the open evolution is implemented vectorizing density
# matrices and maps: `A * rho * B` becomes
# `unvec(vec(tensor(A, B.T)) * vec(rho))`.
vec_dm_ket = qutip.operator_to_vector(qutip.ket2dm(psi))
evolved_ket = self.target_gate * vec_dm_ket
evolved_ket = qutip.vector_to_operator(evolved_ket)
target_states.append(evolved_ket)
return target_states
def prune_eigenstates(self, liouvillian):
"""Remove spurious eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Liouvillian.
Spurious means that the given eigenvector has elements outside of the
block-diagonal matrix.
Parameters
----------
liouvillian_eigenstates: list
A list with the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Liouvillian
including spurious ones.
Returns
-------
correct_eigenstates: list
The list with the correct eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the
Liouvillian.
"""
liouvillian_eigenstates = liouvillian.eigenstates()
N = self.N
block_mat = block_matrix(N)
nnz_tuple_bm = [(i, j) for i, j in zip(*block_mat.nonzero())]
# 0. Create a copy of the eigenvalues to approximate values
eig_val, eig_vec = liouvillian_eigenstates
tol = 10
eig_val_round = np.round(eig_val, tol)
# 2. Use 'block_matrix(N)' to remove eigenvectors with matrix
# elements
# outside of the block matrix.
forbidden_eig_index = []
for k in range(0, len(eig_vec)):
dm = vector_to_operator(eig_vec[k])
nnz_tuple = [(i, j) for i, j in zip(*dm.data.nonzero())]
for i in nnz_tuple:
if i not in nnz_tuple_bm:
if np.round(dm[i], tol) != 0:
forbidden_eig_index.append(k)
forbidden_eig_index = np.array(list(set(forbidden_eig_index)))
# 3. Remove the forbidden eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
correct_eig_val = np.delete(eig_val, forbidden_eig_index)
correct_eig_vec = np.delete(eig_vec, forbidden_eig_index)
correct_eigenstates = correct_eig_val, correct_eig_vec
return correct_eigenstates
def prune_eigenstates(self, liouvillian):
"""Remove spurious eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Liouvillian.
Spurious means that the given eigenvector has elements outside of the
block-diagonal matrix.
Parameters
----------
liouvillian_eigenstates: list
A list with the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Liouvillian
including spurious ones.
Returns
-------
correct_eigenstates: list
The list with the correct eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the
Liouvillian.
"""
liouvillian_eigenstates = liouvillian.eigenstates()
N = self.N
block_mat = block_matrix(N)
nnz_tuple_bm = [(i, j) for i, j in zip(*block_mat.nonzero())]
# 0. Create a copy of the eigenvalues to approximate values
eig_val, eig_vec = liouvillian_eigenstates
tol = 10
eig_val_round = np.round(eig_val, tol)
# 2. Use 'block_matrix(N)' to remove eigenvectors with matrix
# elements
# outside of the block matrix.
forbidden_eig_index = []
for k in range(0, len(eig_vec)):
dm = vector_to_operator(eig_vec[k])
nnz_tuple = [(i, j) for i, j in zip(*dm.data.nonzero())]
for i in nnz_tuple:
if i not in nnz_tuple_bm:
if np.round(dm[i], tol) != 0:
forbidden_eig_index.append(k)
forbidden_eig_index = np.array(list(set(forbidden_eig_index)))
# 3. Remove the forbidden eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
correct_eig_val = np.delete(eig_val, forbidden_eig_index)
correct_eig_vec = np.delete(eig_vec, forbidden_eig_index)
correct_eigenstates = correct_eig_val, correct_eig_vec
return correct_eigenstates
def outfieldcorr(self, rho0, blist, tlist, tau, c1=None, c2=None):
r"""
Compute output field expectation value
<O_n(tn)...O_2(t2)O_1(t1)> for times t1,t2,... and
O_i = I, b_out, b_out^\dagger, b_loop, b_loop^\dagger
Parameters
----------
rho0 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
initial density matrix or state vector (ket).
blist : array_like
List of integers specifying the field operators:
0: I (nothing)
1: b_out
2: b_out^\dagger
3: b_loop
4: b_loop^\dagger
tlist : array_like
list of corresponding times t1,..,tn at which to evaluate the field
operators
tau : float
time-delay
c1 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
system collapse operator that couples to the in-loop field in
question (only needs to be specified if self.L1 has more than one
element)
c2 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
system collapse operator that couples to the output field in
question (only needs to be specified if self.L2 has more than one
element)
Returns
-------
: complex
expectation value of field correlation function
"""
E = self.outfieldpropagator(blist, tlist, tau)
rhovec = qt.operator_to_vector(rho0)
return (qt.vector_to_operator(E*rhovec)).tr()
def outfieldcorr(self, rho0, blist, tlist, tau, c1=None, c2=None):
"""
Compute output field expectation value
<O_n(tn)...O_2(t2)O_1(t1)> for times t1,t2,... and
O_i = I, b_out, b_out^\dagger, b_loop, b_loop^\dagger
Parameters
----------
rho0 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
initial density matrix or state vector (ket).
blist : array_like
List of integers specifying the field operators:
0: I (nothing)
1: b_out
2: b_out^\dagger
3: b_loop
4: b_loop^\dagger
tlist : array_like
list of corresponding times t1,..,tn at which to evaluate the field
operators
tau : float
time-delay
c1 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
system collapse operator that couples to the in-loop field in
question (only needs to be specified if self.L1 has more than one
element)
c2 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
system collapse operator that couples to the output field in
question (only needs to be specified if self.L2 has more than one
element)
Returns
-------
: complex
expectation value of field correlation function
"""
E = self.outfieldpropagator(blist, tlist, tau)
rhovec = qt.operator_to_vector(rho0)
return (qt.vector_to_operator(E*rhovec)).tr()
def rhot(rho0,t,tau,H_S,L1,L2,Id,options=qt.Options()):
"""
Compute rho(t)
"""
k= int(t/tau)+1
s = t-(k-1)*tau
rhovec = qt.operator_to_vector(rho0)
G1,E0 = generator(k,H_S,L1,L2)
E = integrate(G1,E0,0.,s,opt=options)
if k>1:
G2,null = generator(k-1,H_S,L1,L2)
G2 = qt.composite(Id,G2)
E = integrate(G2,E,s,tau,opt=options)
E.dims = E0.dims
E = TensorQobj(E)
for l in range(k-1):
E = E.loop()
sol = qt.vector_to_operator(E*rhovec)
return sol
def test_operator_vector_td(self):
"Superoperator: operator_to_vector, time-dependent"
assert_(operator_to_vector(self.t1)(.5) ==
operator_to_vector(self.t1(.5)))
vec = operator_to_vector(self.t1)
assert_(vector_to_operator(vec)(.5) == vector_to_operator(vec(.5)))
def fidelitycheck(self, out1, out2, rho0vec):
fid = np.zeros(len(out1.states))
for i, E in enumerate(out2.states):
rhot = vector_to_operator(E * rho0vec)
fid[i] = fidelity(out1.states[i], rhot)
return fid
def ttmsolve(dynmaps, rho0, times, e_ops=[], learningtimes=None, tensors=None,
**kwargs):
"""
Solve time-evolution using the Transfer Tensor Method, based on a set of
precomputed dynamical maps.
Parameters
----------
dynmaps : list of :class:`qutip.Qobj`
List of precomputed dynamical maps (superoperators),
or a callback function that returns the
superoperator at a given time.
rho0 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
Initial density matrix or state vector (ket).
times : array_like
list of times :math:`t_n` at which to compute :math:`\\rho(t_n)`.
Must be uniformily spaced.
e_ops : list of :class:`qutip.Qobj` / callback function
single operator or list of operators for which to evaluate
expectation values.
learningtimes : array_like
list of times :math:`t_k` for which we have knowledge of the dynamical
maps :math:`E(t_k)`.
tensors : array_like
optional list of precomputed tensors :math:`T_k`
kwargs : dictionary
Optional keyword arguments. See
:class:`qutip.nonmarkov.ttm.TTMSolverOptions`.
Returns
-------
output: :class:`qutip.solver.Result`
An instance of the class :class:`qutip.solver.Result`.
"""
opt = TTMSolverOptions(dynmaps=dynmaps, times=times,
learningtimes=learningtimes, **kwargs)
diff = None
if isket(rho0):
rho0 = ket2dm(rho0)
output = Result()
e_sops_data = []
if callable(e_ops):
n_expt_op = 0
expt_callback = True
else:
try:
tmp = e_ops[:]
del tmp
n_expt_op = len(e_ops)
expt_callback = False
if n_expt_op == 0:
# fall back on storing states
opt.store_states = True
for op in e_ops:
e_sops_data.append(spre(op).data)
if op.isherm and rho0.isherm:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(len(times)))
else:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(len(times), dtype=complex))
except TypeError:
raise TypeError("Argument 'e_ops' should be a callable or" +
"list-like.")
if tensors is None:
tensors, diff = _generatetensors(dynmaps, learningtimes, opt=opt)
rho0vec = operator_to_vector(rho0)
K = len(tensors)
states = [rho0vec]
for n in range(1, len(times)):
states.append(None)
for k in range(n):
if n-k < K:
states[-1] += tensors[n-k]*states[k]
for i, r in enumerate(states):
if opt.store_states or expt_callback:
if r.type == 'operator-ket':
states[i] = vector_to_operator(r)
else:
states[i] = r
if expt_callback:
# use callback method
e_ops(times[i], states[i])
for m in range(n_expt_op):
if output.expect[m].dtype == complex:
output.expect[m][i] = expect_rho_vec(e_sops_data[m], r, 0)
else:
output.expect[m][i] = expect_rho_vec(e_sops_data[m], r, 1)
output.solver = "ttmsolve"
output.times = times
output.ttmconvergence = diff
if opt.store_states:
output.states = states
return output
def ttmsolve(dynmaps, rho0, times, e_ops=[], learningtimes=None, tensors=None,
**kwargs):
"""
Solve time-evolution using the Transfer Tensor Method, based on a set of
precomputed dynamical maps.
Parameters
----------
dynmaps : list of :class:`qutip.Qobj`
List of precomputed dynamical maps (superoperators),
or a callback function that returns the
superoperator at a given time.
rho0 : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
Initial density matrix or state vector (ket).
times : array_like
list of times :math:`t_n` at which to compute :math:`\\rho(t_n)`.
Must be uniformily spaced.
e_ops : list of :class:`qutip.Qobj` / callback function
single operator or list of operators for which to evaluate
expectation values.
learningtimes : array_like
list of times :math:`t_k` for which we have knowledge of the dynamical
maps :math:`E(t_k)`.
tensors : array_like
optional list of precomputed tensors :math:`T_k`
kwargs : dictionary
Optional keyword arguments. See
:class:`qutip.nonmarkov.ttm.TTMSolverOptions`.
Returns
-------
output: :class:`qutip.solver.Result`
An instance of the class :class:`qutip.solver.Result`.
"""
opt = TTMSolverOptions(dynmaps=dynmaps, times=times,
learningtimes=learningtimes, **kwargs)
diff = None
if isket(rho0):
rho0 = ket2dm(rho0)
output = Result()
e_sops_data = []
if callable(e_ops):
n_expt_op = 0
expt_callback = True
else:
try:
tmp = e_ops[:]
del tmp
n_expt_op = len(e_ops)
expt_callback = False
if n_expt_op == 0:
# fall back on storing states
opt.store_states = True
for op in e_ops:
e_sops_data.append(spre(op).data)
if op.isherm and rho0.isherm:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(len(times)))
else:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(len(times), dtype=complex))
except TypeError:
raise TypeError("Argument 'e_ops' should be a callable or" +
"list-like.")
if tensors is None:
tensors, diff = _generatetensors(dynmaps, learningtimes, opt=opt)
if rho0.isoper:
# vectorize density matrix
rho0vec = operator_to_vector(rho0)
else:
# rho0 might be a super in which case we should not vectorize
rho0vec = rho0
K = len(tensors)
states = [rho0vec]
for n in range(1, len(times)):
states.append(None)
for k in range(n):
if n-k < K:
states[-1] += tensors[n-k]*states[k]
for i, r in enumerate(states):
if opt.store_states or expt_callback:
if r.type == 'operator-ket':
states[i] = vector_to_operator(r)
else:
states[i] = r
if expt_callback:
# use callback method
e_ops(times[i], states[i])
for m in range(n_expt_op):
if output.expect[m].dtype == complex:
output.expect[m][i] = expect_rho_vec(e_sops_data[m], r, 0)
else:
output.expect[m][i] = expect_rho_vec(e_sops_data[m], r, 1)
output.solver = "ttmsolve"
output.times = times
output.ttmconvergence = diff
if opt.store_states:
output.states = states
return output
def current_from_L(L_dict, n_c_RC):
ss = steadystate(L_dict['H_S'], [L_dict['L']])
return -(qt.vector_to_operator(L_dict['L_R'] * qt.operator_to_vector(ss)) *
n_c_RC).tr()
def current_from_ss(ss, L_R, n_c_RC):
return -(qt.vector_to_operator(L_R * qt.operator_to_vector(ss)) *
n_c_RC).tr()
def fidelitycheck(self, out1, out2, rho0vec):
fid = np.zeros(len(out1.states))
for i, E in enumerate(out2.states):
rhot = vector_to_operator(E * rho0vec)
fid[i] = fidelity(out1.states[i], rhot)
return fid
def test_operator_vector_td(self):
"Superoperator: operator_to_vector, time-dependent"
assert_(
operator_to_vector(self.t1)(.5) == operator_to_vector(self.t1(.5)))
vec = operator_to_vector(self.t1)
assert_(vector_to_operator(vec)(.5) == vector_to_operator(vec(.5)))