def do_RandomizedPCA(armadillo):
#
# TODO: Write code to import the libraries required for
# RandomizedPCA. Then, train your RandomizedPCA on the armadillo
# dataframe. Finally, drop one dimension (reduce it down to 2D)
# and project the armadillo down to the 2D principal component
# feature space.
#
# NOTE: Be sure to RETURN your projected armadillo!
# (This projection is actually stored in a NumPy NDArray and
# not a Pandas dataframe, which is something Pandas does for
# you automatically. =)
#
# NOTE: SKLearn deprecated the RandomizedPCA method, but still
# has instructions on how to use randomized (truncated) method
# for the SVD solver. To find out how to use it, check out the
# full docs here:
# http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.decomposition.PCA.html
#
# .. your code here ..
from sklearn.decomposition import RandomizedPCA
rpca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=2)
rpca.fit(armadillo)
rpca.transform(armadillo)
return rpca.transform(armadillo)
def pca2(Xtrain, Xtest):
newTrain = []
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=len(Xtrain[0]) - 30)
pca.fit(Xtrain)
newTrain = pca.transform(Xtrain)
newTest = pca.transform(Xtest)
return newTrain, newTest
def pca_knn(train, test):
y = []
Xtrain, ytrain, Xtest, ytest = loadData(train, test)
#PCA, fit and transform
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=200)
pca.fit(Xtrain)
Xtrain = pca.transform(Xtrain)
new_Xtest = pca.transform(Xtest)
#Make classifier
clf = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3)
clf.fit(Xtrain, ytrain)
y = clf.predict(new_Xtest)
#y1 = clf.predict(Xtrain)
#terror = test_error(ytrain, y1)
#print "training error for KNN, k=3:"
#print terror
error = test_error(ytest, y)
print "test error for KNN, k=3:"
print error
print "\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"
return y
def compute_pca(reception_stats, n_components=5):
reception_mean = reception_stats.mean(axis=0)
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components - 1)
pca.fit(reception_stats)
pca_components = np.vstack([reception_mean, pca.components_])
return pca, pca_components
def train_data():
n_components = 256
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=n_components, whiten=True)
clf=svm.SVC(kernel='rbf',C=5., gamma=0.001)
train_directory = 'dataset/real_train'
images, labels = prepare_dataset(train_directory)
training_data=[]
for i in range(len(images)):
training_data.append(images[i].flatten())
print("% shape of traing data => ",np.array(training_data).shape)
print('labels =>',np.array(labels).shape)
pca.fit(np.array(training_data))
transformed = pca.transform(np.array(training_data))
filename = 'models/pca_model.sav'
pickle.dump(pca, open(filename, 'wb'))
print("% shape of transformed data => ",transformed.shape)
clf.fit(transformed,np.array(labels))
filename = 'models/svm_model.sav'
pickle.dump(clf, open(filename, 'wb'))
def open_img():
x = filedialog.askopenfilenames(
parent=root,
initialdir='/',
initialfile='tmp',
filetypes=[
("All files", "*")])
img = Image.open(x[0])
img = img.resize((250, 250), Image.ANTIALIAS)
img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
panel = tk.Label(root, image=img)
panel.image = img
panel.grid(row=70, column=1)
image = cv2.imread(x[0])
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv2.imwrite("grey.jpeg", gray)
gray.shape
img = mpimg.imread("grey.jpeg")
f=compo()
ipca = RandomizedPCA(f)
ipca.fit(img)
img_c = ipca.transform(img)
print(img_c.shape)
temp = ipca.inverse_transform(img_c)
print(temp.shape)
cv2.imwrite("pca1.jpg", temp)
print(np.sum(ipca.explained_variance_ratio_))
plt.plot(np.cumsum(ipca.explained_variance_ratio_))
plt.xlabel('number of components')
plt.ylabel('cumulative explained variance');
plt.savefig("graph.jpg")
def main():
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, y_encoder = get_binary_encoded_xy_split(5000)
# reduce 1000 X 1024 dimensions to 11 (number of X columns before label binarization in table)
X_train_randPCA = RandomizedPCA()
X_train_randPCA.fit(X_train)
print("pca fit")
X_train_reduced = X_train_randPCA.transform(X_train)
X_test_reduced = X_train_randPCA.transform(X_test)
print("Reduced components")
print("Begin classifier")
clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=200, max_depth=4, learning_rate=0.1, random_state=1)
print(y_train.shape, y_test.shape)
print(y_encoder.classes_)
print(y_encoder.transform(["Accident"]))
print(np.where(y_encoder.classes_ == "Accident"))
clf.fit(X_train_reduced, y_train[:, np.where(y_encoder.classes_=="Accident")[0]])
print("Fitted")
print("_" * 80)
feature_vals = y_encoder.transform(y_encoder.classes_)
feature_labels = y_encoder.classes_
print(feature_vals)
print(feature_labels)
fig, axs = plot_partial_dependence(clf, X_train,[0,1], n_jobs=4, grid_resolution=100)
plt.show()
def pca(self, y):
# select a random subset of Y dimensions (possibly gives robustness as well as speed)
rand_dims = np.sort(
np.random.choice(y.shape[1],
np.minimum(self.tree_params['num_dims_for_pca'],
y.shape[1]),
replace=False))
y_dim_subset = y.take(rand_dims, 1)
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=1) # compute for all components
# optional: select a subset of exs (not so important if PCA is fast)
if self.tree_params['sub_sample_exs_pca']:
rand_exs = np.sort(
np.random.choice(y.shape[0],
np.minimum(
self.tree_params['num_exs_for_pca'],
y.shape[0]),
replace=False))
pca.fit(y_dim_subset.take(rand_exs, 0))
return pca.transform(y_dim_subset)
else:
# perform PCA
return pca.fit_transform(y_dim_subset)
def rpca(train_X, test_X, n):
start_time = time.time()
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=n)
pca.fit(train_X.toarray())
train_X_pca = pca.transform(train_X.toarray())
test_X_pca = pca.transform(test_X.toarray())
print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))
return pca, train_X_pca, test_X_pca
def compute_PCA(n_components=5):
spec_mean = spectra.mean(axis=0)
print spec_mean.shape
#Randomized PCA is faster (according to astroML):
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components - 1)
pca.fit(spectra)
pca_components = np.vstack([spec_mean, pca.components_])
return pca_components
def RPCA(model_data, components=None, transform_data=None):
t0 = time()
rpca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=components)
if transform_data == None:
projection = rpca.fit_transform(model_data)
else:
rpca.fit(model_data)
projection = rpca.transform(transform_data)
print "Randomized PCA Explained Variance: ", rpca.explained_variance_ratio_
print "Randomized PCA Time: %0.3f" % (time() - t0)
return projection
def pca_knn(train, test):
y = []
Xtrain, ytrain, Xtest, ytest = load_data(train, test)
dim_red = RandomizedPCA(n_components=43)
dim_red.fit(Xtrain)
Rtrain = dim_red.transform(Xtrain)
Rtest = dim_red.transform(Xtest)
clf = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=knn_para[2], weights='distance')
clf.fit(X=Rtrain, y=ytrain)
y = clf.predict(X=Rtest)
#print(1 - clf.score(X=Rtest, y=ytest))
return y
def pca_test(img_kind):
import pylab as pl
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
subdir = "data/"
classes = []
data = []
the_ones = glob.glob(subdir + "f_" + img_kind + "*.jpg")
all_of_them = glob.glob(subdir + "f_*_*.jpg")
the_others = []
for x in all_of_them:
if the_ones.count(x) < 1:
the_others.append(x)
for x in the_ones:
classes.append(1)
data.append(get_image_features(cv.LoadImageM(x)))
for x in the_others:
classes.append(-1)
data.append(get_image_features(cv.LoadImageM(x)))
pca = PCA(46, whiten=True)
print 'fiting'
pca.fit(data)
print 'transforming'
X_r = pca.transform(data)
print '----'
print X_r.shape
x0 = [x[0] for x in X_r]
x1 = [x[1] for x in X_r]
pl.figure()
for i in xrange(0,len(x0)):
if classes[i] == 1:
pl.scatter(x0[i], x1[i], c = 'r')
else:
pl.scatter(x0[i], x1[i], c = 'b')
# for c, i, target_name in zip("rg", [1, -1], target_names):
# pl.scatter(X_r[classes == i, 0], X_r[classes == i, 1], c=c, label=target_name)
pl.legend()
pl.title('PCA of dataset')
pl.show()
def pca_svm(train, test):
y = []
Xtrain, ytrain, Xtest, ytest = load_data(train, test)
dim_red = RandomizedPCA(n_components=50)
dim_red.fit(Xtrain)
Rtrain = dim_red.transform(Xtrain)
Rtest = dim_red.transform(Xtest)
clf = SVC(kernel='poly', C=1, gamma=0.02)
clf.fit(X=Rtrain, y=ytrain)
y = clf.predict(X=Rtest)
#print(1 - clf.score(X=Rtest, y=ytest));
return y
def bootstrap_pc(seed):
np.random.seed(seed)
b = np.copy(zscored)
nrows, ncols = b.shape
for i in range(ncols):
b[:, i] = b[:, i][np.random.permutation(nrows)]
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=1)
pca.fit(b)
return pca.explained_variance_[0]
def transform_PCA(k, train_X, test_X):
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=k)
pca.fit(train_X)
# Transform test data with principal components:
X_reduced = pca.transform(test_X)
# Reconstruct:
X_rec = np.dot(X_reduced, pca.components_)
# Restore mean:
X_rec += pca.mean_
return X_rec
def pca_test(X): #这个函数是用来返回最佳的n值，即ng讲的那个测评函数要达到99%
pca = RandomizedPCA()
pca.fit(X)
n_components = X.shape[1]
for n in range(10, X.shape[1], 5):
s = sum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_[:n])
if (s >= 0.99):
n_components = n
print n
#print "%d is best for pca" %n_components
break
#pca.set_params(n_components=n_components)
return n_components
def pca_knn(train, test):
fid = open(train)
tid = open(test)
for line in fid:
line = line.strip()
m = [int(float(x)) for x in line.split(' ')]
train_label.append(m[0])
train_data.append(m[1:])
for line in tid:
line = line.strip()
m = [int(float(x)) for x in line.split(' ')]
test_real_label.append(m[0])
test_data.append(m[1:])
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=5)
pca.fit(train_data)
train_data_5 = pca.transform(train_data)
test_data_5 = pca.transform(test_data)
count = 0
neigh = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=5)
neigh.fit(train_data_5, train_label)
y1 = neigh.predict(test_data_5)
for i in range(2007):
if int(float(y1[i])) == test_real_label[i]:
count += 1
acc1 = count * 1.0 / 2007
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=20)
pca.fit(train_data)
train_data_20 = pca.transform(train_data)
test_data_20 = pca.transform(test_data)
count = 0
neigh = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=5)
neigh.fit(train_data_20, train_label)
y2 = neigh.predict(test_data_20)
for i in range(2007):
if int(float(y2[i])) == test_real_label[i]:
count += 1
acc2 = count * 1.0 / 2007
y = y2
#acc1 = 0.7777 acc2 = 0.9337
return y
def run_stuff ():
dataset = refactor_labels(get_data("C:\\Users\\user\\PycharmProjects\\AnxietyClassifier(2)\Alls_data_NO_specific_vars_corr.xlsx", "Sheet1"),"group")
dataset = imputing_avarage(dataset)
features_df = dataset.drop(['Age','group','PHQ9','Subject_Number'],1)
X = features_df.values
X = StandardScaler().fit_transform(X)
#X = array[:,3:116]
pca = RandomizedPCA(50)
pca.fit(X)
plt.plot(np.cumsum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_))
plt.xlabel('number of components')
plt.ylabel('cumulative explained variance');
plt.show()
def _pca(hosts, dim=2):
"""
Principal component analysis
Reduce the numpy-matrix hosts to a dim-dimensional vector space
"""
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=dim)
pca.fit(hosts)
# Return most discriminating values by axis.
pca_indexes = []
for ind in xrange(dim):
vect = pca.components_[ind]
pca_indexes.append([(idx, vect[idx])
for idx in (-abs(vect)).argsort()])
return (pca, pca_indexes)
def do_RandomizedPCA(armadillo):
# For importing the libraries required for RandomizedPCA.
from sklearn.decomposition import RandomizedPCA
# Training the RandomizedPCA on the armadillo dataframe, then
# dropping one dimension and projecting the armadillo
# down to the 2D principal component feature space.
rpca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=2)
rpca.fit(armadillo)
RRarmadillo = rpca.transform(armadillo)
return RRarmadillo
def pca_svm(train, test):
fid = open(train)
tid = open(test)
for line in fid:
line = line.strip()
m = [int(float(x)) for x in line.split(' ')]
train_label.append(m[0])
train_data.append(m[1:])
for line in tid:
line = line.strip()
m = [int(float(x)) for x in line.split(' ')]
test_real_label.append(m[0])
test_data.append(m[1:])
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=5)
pca.fit(train_data)
train_data_5 = pca.transform(train_data)
test_data_5 = pca.transform(test_data)
trained_model = SVC(C=100, kernel='rbf', degree=3,
gamma=0.01)
trained_model.fit(train_data_5, train_label)
count = 0
y1 = trained_model.predict(test_data_5)
for i in range(2007):
if int(float(y1[i])) == test_real_label[i]:
count += 1
acc1 = count * 1.0 / 2007
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=20)
pca.fit(train_data)
train_data_20 = pca.transform(train_data)
test_data_20 = pca.transform(test_data)
trained_model = SVC(C=100, kernel='rbf', degree=3,
gamma=0.01)
trained_model.fit(train_data_20, train_label)
count = 0
y2 = trained_model.predict(test_data_20)
for i in range(2007):
if int(float(y2[i])) == test_real_label[i]:
count += 1
acc2 = count * 1.0 / 2007
y = y2
#acc1 = 0.7997 acc2 = 0.9417
return y
def train(directory):
images, labels = prepare_dataset(directory)
n_components = 10
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=n_components, whiten=True)
param_grid = {
'C': [1e3, 5e3, 1e4, 5e4, 1e5],
'gamma': [0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1],
}
clf = GridSearchCV(
SVC(kernel='rbf', class_weight='auto', probability=True), param_grid)
testing_data = []
for i in range(len(images)):
print images[i].flatten().shape
testing_data.append(images[i].flatten())
pca = pca.fit(testing_data)
transformed = pca.transform(testing_data)
clf.fit(transformed, labels)
scores = cross_val_score(clf, transformed, labels, cv=5)
print("Mean cross-validation accuracy")
print(sum(scores) / 5)
joblib.dump(clf, "svm.pkl")
joblib.dump(pca, "pca.pkl")
def do_RandomizedPCA(armadillo):
#
# TODO: Write code to import the libraries required for RandomizedPCA. Then, train your RandomizedPCA on the armadillo
# dataframe. Finally, drop one dimension (reduce it down to 2D) and project the armadillo down to the 2D principal component
# feature space.
#
# NOTE: Be sure to RETURN your projected armadillo!
# (This projection is actually stored in a NumPy NDArray and not a Pandas dataframe, which is something Pandas does for
# you automatically. =)
#
# .. your code here ..
from sklearn.decomposition import RandomizedPCA
rpca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=2)
rpca.fit(armadillo)
R = rpca.transform(armadillo)
return R
def gap_statistic(x, random_datasets=64):
"""
Returns the gap statistic of the data set. Keeps increasing the number of clusters until the maximum gap statistic is more than double the current gap statistic.
http://blog.echen.me/2011/03/19/counting-clusters/
"""
assert isinstance(x, np.ndarray)
assert len(x.shape) == 2
if x.shape > SETTINGS.GAP_STATISTIC.RANDOMIZED_PCA_THRESHOLD:
pca = RandomizedPCA(SETTINGS.GAP_STATISTIC.RANDOMIZED_PCA_THRESHOLD)
else:
pca = PCA()
pca.fit(x)
transformed = pca.transform(x)
reference_datasets = [
pca.inverse_transform(generate_random_dataset(transformed))
for _ in range(random_datasets)
]
max_gap_statistic = -1
best_num_clusters = 1
for num_clusters in range(1, x.shape[0] + 1):
kmeans = MiniBatchKMeans(num_clusters)
kmeans.fit(x)
trained_dispersion = dispersion(kmeans, x)
random_dispersions = [
dispersion(kmeans, data) for data in reference_datasets
]
gap_statistic = np.log(sum(random_dispersions) /
random_datasets) - np.log(trained_dispersion)
if gap_statistic > max_gap_statistic:
max_gap_statistic = gap_statistic
best_num_clusters = num_clusters
if gap_statistic < max_gap_statistic * SETTINGS.GAP_STATISTIC.MAXIMUM_DECLINE:
break
if num_clusters > best_num_clusters + SETTINGS.GAP_STATISTIC.NUM_CLUSTERS_WITHOUT_IMPROVEMENT:
break
return best_num_clusters
def perform_weighted_PCA(data, weights, max_components=200):
"""
Performs Weighted PCA on the data
Parameters
----------
data : (Num_Features x Num_Samples) numpy.ndarray (or subclass)
Matrix containing data to project into 2 dimensions
weights : (Num_Features x Num_Samples) numpy.ndarray (or subclass)
Matrix containing weights to use for each coordinate in data
max_components: int
Maximum number of components to calculate
Returns
-------
pca_data : (Num_Components x Num_Samples) numpy.ndarray
Data transformed using PCA. Num_Components = Num_Samples
"""
np.random.seed(RANDOM_SEED)
proj_data = data
#Weighted means
wmean = np.sum(proj_data * weights, axis=1) / np.sum(weights, axis=1)
wmean = wmean.reshape((wmean.size, 1))
data_centered = proj_data - wmean
weighted_data_centered = data_centered * weights
wcov = np.dot(weighted_data_centered, weighted_data_centered.T) / np.dot(
weights, weights.T)
wcov[np.isnan(wcov)] = 0.0
# Need this when weight dot product is zero
model = RandomizedPCA(n_components=min(proj_data.shape[0],
proj_data.shape[1], max_components))
model.fit(wcov)
e_vec = model.components_
wpca_data = np.dot(e_vec, data_centered)
e_val = np.var(wpca_data, axis=1)
total_var = np.sum(np.var(proj_data, axis=1))
e_val /= total_var
return wpca_data, e_val, e_vec.T
def callRandomizedPCA(X, n, type):
# type = 1 for Energy data to avoid 1D plot, 2 for others
rpca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=n)
rpca.fit(X)
transformed = rpca.transform(X)
print("original shape: ", X.shape)
print("transformed shape after Randomized PCA:", transformed.shape)
X_recons = rpca.inverse_transform(transformed)
print("reconstruct shape after Randomized PCA:", X_recons.shape)
if type == 2: # Gstore data
myplot(transformed[:, 0:2], np.transpose(rpca.components_[0:2, :]))
plt.show()
myplot(X_recons[:, 0:2], np.transpose(rpca.components_[0:2, :]))
plt.show()
return transformed
class RandomizedPCAReduction(AbstractReduction):
"""
Use Randomized PCA to reduce dimensionality
http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.decomposition.RandomizedPCA.html
"""
def __init__(self, n_components, **kwargs):
self.pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=n_components, **kwargs)
def n_components(self):
return self.n_components
def fit(self, X):
self.pca.fit(X)
def transform(self, X):
return self.pca.transform(X)
def pca_knn(train, test): y = [] xTrain, yTrain = loadData(train) xTest, yTest = loadData(test) for i in [32, 64, 128] : print "n_components", i pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components = i, random_state = 1) pca.fit(xTrain) reducedXTrain = pca.transform(xTrain) reducedXTest = pca.transform(xTest) kNN = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors = 4, weights = 'distance') kNN.fit(reducedXTrain, yTrain) y = kNN.predict(reducedXTest) testError = 1 - kNN.score(reducedXTest, yTest) print 'Test error: ' , testError print "sum of explained_variance_ratio_", pca.explained_variance_ratio_.sum() return y
def fit_and_save_pca(np_array, savepath):
if parameters['pca']['subsample_length'] < np_array.shape[0]:
idxs = np.random.choice(np_array.shape[0],
parameters['pca']['subsample_length'],
replace=False)
np_array = np_array[idxs]
# fit the pca model
# NOTE that by setting copy=False, we overwrite the input data in fitting.
# This helps on memory but could cause issues if this function is reused elsewhere.
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=parameters['pca']['number_dims'],
copy=False)
pca.fit(np_array)
with open(savepath, 'wb') as f:
pickle.dump(pca, f, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)