def setup_aerostruct(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for an
aerostructural problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'aerostruct'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
coupled = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component
indep_vars = [
('twist_cp', numpy.zeros(surface['num_twist'])),
('thickness_cp', numpy.ones(surface['num_thickness']) *
numpy.max(surface['t'])), ('r', surface['r']),
('dihedral', surface['dihedral']), ('sweep', surface['sweep']),
('span', surface['span']), ('taper', surface['taper'])
]
# Obtain the Jacobians to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_thickness'],
surface['num_y'] - 1)
# Add components to include in the surface's group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('thickness_bsp',
Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface.
name_orig = name
name = name[:-1]
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Add components to the 'coupled' group for each surface.
# The 'coupled' group must contain all components and parameters
# needed to converge the aerostructural system.
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('aero_geom', VLMGeometry(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('struct_states',
SpatialBeamStates(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.struct_states.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
name = name_orig
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('coupled.add("' + name[:-1] + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Add a loads component to the coupled group
exec('coupled.add("' + name_orig + 'loads' + '", ' +
'TransferLoads(surface)' + ', promotes=[])')
# Add a performance group which evaluates the data after solving
# the coupled system
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('struct_funcs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('aero_funcs',
VLMFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
name = name_orig + 'perf'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name +
', promotes=["rho", "v", "alpha", "Re", "M"])')
# Add a single 'aero_states' component for the whole system within the
# coupled group.
coupled.add('aero_states',
VLMStates(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['v', 'alpha', 'rho'])
# Explicitly connect parameters from each surface's group and the common
# 'aero_states' group.
for surface in self.surfaces:
name = surface['name']
# Perform the connections with the modified names within the
# 'aero_states' group.
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.def_mesh',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'def_mesh')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.b_pts',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'b_pts')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.c_pts',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'c_pts')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.normals',
'coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'normals')
# Connect the results from 'aero_states' to the performance groups
root.connect('coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'sec_forces',
name + 'perf' + '.sec_forces')
# Connect the results from 'coupled' to the performance groups
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.def_mesh',
'coupled.' + name + 'loads.def_mesh')
root.connect('coupled.aero_states.' + name + 'sec_forces',
'coupled.' + name + 'loads.sec_forces')
root.connect('coupled.' + name + 'loads.loads',
name + 'perf.loads')
# Connect the output of the loads component with the FEM
# displacement parameter. This links the coupling within the coupled
# group that necessitates the subgroup solver.
root.connect('coupled.' + name + 'loads.loads',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.loads')
# Connect aerodyamic design variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.dihedral',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.dihedral')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.span', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.span')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.sweep',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.sweep')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.taper',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.taper')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.twist',
'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.twist')
# Connect structural design variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.A', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.A')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.Iy', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.Iy')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.Iz', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.Iz')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.J', 'coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.J')
# Connect performance calculation variables
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.r', name + 'perf.r')
root.connect(name[:-1] + '.A', name + 'perf.A')
# Connection performance functional variables
root.connect(name + 'perf.weight', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'weight')
root.connect(name + 'perf.weight', 'eq_con.' + name + 'weight')
root.connect(name + 'perf.L', 'eq_con.' + name + 'L')
root.connect(name + 'perf.CL', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'CL')
root.connect(name + 'perf.CD', 'fuelburn.' + name + 'CD')
# Connect paramters from the 'coupled' group to the performance
# group.
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.nodes',
name + 'perf.nodes')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.disp', name + 'perf.disp')
root.connect('coupled.' + name[:-1] + '.S_ref',
name + 'perf.S_ref')
# Set solver properties for the coupled group
coupled.ln_solver = ScipyGMRES()
coupled.ln_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
coupled.ln_solver.preconditioner = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.aero_states.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver = NLGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
# Ensure that the groups are ordered correctly within the coupled group
# so that a system with multiple surfaces is solved corretly.
order_list = []
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'][:-1])
order_list.append('aero_states')
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'loads')
coupled.set_order(order_list)
# Add the coupled group to the root problem
root.add('coupled', coupled, promotes=['v', 'alpha', 'rho'])
# Add problem information as an independent variables component
prob_vars = [('v', self.prob_dict['v']),
('alpha', self.prob_dict['alpha']),
('M', self.prob_dict['M']), ('Re', self.prob_dict['Re']),
('rho', self.prob_dict['rho'])]
root.add('prob_vars', IndepVarComp(prob_vars), promotes=['*'])
# Add functionals to evaluate performance of the system.
# Note that only the interesting results are promoted here; not all
# of the parameters.
root.add('fuelburn',
FunctionalBreguetRange(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['fuelburn'])
root.add('eq_con',
FunctionalEquilibrium(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['eq_con', 'fuelburn'])
# Actually set up the system
self.setup_prob()
des_vars = [('twist', numpy.zeros(surface['num_y'])),
('span', surface['span']), ('r', r), ('thickness', thickness),
('loads', loads)]
# Add components to the root problem. Note that each of the components
# is defined with `promotes=['*']`, which means that all parameters
# within that component are promoted to the root level so that all
# other components can access them. For example, GeometryMesh creates
# the mesh, and SpatialBeamStates uses this mesh information.
# The data passing happens behind-the-scenes in OpenMDAO.
root.add('des_vars', IndepVarComp(des_vars), promotes=['*'])
root.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
root.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
root.add('spatialbeamstates', SpatialBeamStates(surface), promotes=['*'])
root.add('spatialbeamfuncs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
# Instantiate an OpenMDAO problem and all the root group that we just
# created to the problem.
prob = Problem()
prob.root = root
# Set a driver for the optimization problem. Without a driver, OpenMDAO
# doesn't know how to change the parameters to achieve an optimal solution.
# There are a few options, but ScipyOptimizer and SLSQP are generally
# the best options to use without installing additional packages.
prob.driver = ScipyOptimizer()
prob.driver.options['optimizer'] = 'SLSQP'
prob.driver.options['disp'] = True
def setup_struct(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for a
structural problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'struct'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface.
# This group's name is whatever the surface's name is.
# The default is 'wing'.
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
surface['r'] = surface['r'] / 5
surface['t'] = surface['r'] / 20
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component.
# Note that these are the only ones necessary for structual-only
# analysis and optimization.
indep_vars = [
('thickness_cp', numpy.ones(surface['num_thickness']) *
numpy.max(surface['t'])), ('r', surface['r']),
('loads', surface['loads'])
]
# Obtain the Jacobians to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_thickness'],
surface['num_y'] - 1)
# Add structural components to the surface-specific group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('thickness_bsp',
Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('struct_states',
SpatialBeamStates(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('struct_funcs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface.
# The default is 'wing'.
nm = name
name = name[:-1]
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=[])')
# Actually set up the problem
self.setup_prob()
('rho', rho),
('r', r),
('t', t),
]
indep_vars_comp = IndepVarComp(indep_vars)
tube_comp = MaterialsTube(num_y)
mesh_comp = GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind, num_twist)
spatialbeamstates_comp = SpatialBeamStates(num_y, E, G)
def_mesh_comp = TransferDisplacements(num_y)
vlmstates_comp = VLMStates(num_y)
loads_comp = TransferLoads(num_y)
vlmfuncs_comp = VLMFunctionals(num_y, CL0, CD0)
spatialbeamfuncs_comp = SpatialBeamFunctionals(num_y, E, G, stress, mrho)
fuelburn_comp = FunctionalBreguetRange(W0, CT, a, R, M)
eq_con_comp = FunctionalEquilibrium(W0)
root.add('indep_vars', indep_vars_comp, promotes=['*'])
root.add('tube', tube_comp, promotes=['*'])
# Add components to the MDA here
coupled = Group()
coupled.add('mesh', mesh_comp, promotes=["*"])
coupled.add('spatialbeamstates', spatialbeamstates_comp, promotes=["*"])
coupled.add('def_mesh', def_mesh_comp, promotes=["*"])
coupled.add('vlmstates', vlmstates_comp, promotes=["*"])
coupled.add('loads', loads_comp, promotes=["*"])
############################################################
coupled.ln_solver.preconditioner = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.vlmstates.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.spatialbeamstates.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
# Direct Inversion Solver
# coupled.ln_solver = DirectSolver()
root.add('coupled',
coupled,
promotes=['*'])
root.add('vlmfuncs',
VLMFunctionals(num_y),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('spatialbeamfuncs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(num_y, E, G, stress, mrho),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('fuelburn',
FunctionalBreguetRange(W0, CT, a, R, M),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('eq_con',
FunctionalEquilibrium(W0),
promotes=['*'])
prob = Problem()
prob.root = root
coupled.nl_solver.options['iprint'] = 1 # makes OpenMDAO print out solver convergence data
coupled.ln_solver.options['iprint'] = 1 # makes OpenMDAO print out solver convergence data
prob.driver.add_recorder(SqliteRecorder('prob1d.db'))
# done for you as examples
############################################################
indep_vars_comp = IndepVarComp(indep_vars)
twist_comp = Bspline('twist_cp', 'twist', jac_twist)
thickness_comp = Bspline('thickness_cp', 'thickness', jac_thickness)
tube_comp = MaterialsTube(fem_ind)
mesh_comp = GeometryMesh(mesh, aero_ind)
spatialbeamstates_comp = SpatialBeamStates(aero_ind, fem_ind, E, G)
def_mesh_comp = TransferDisplacements(aero_ind, fem_ind)
vlmstates_comp = VLMStates(aero_ind)
loads_comp = TransferLoads(aero_ind, fem_ind)
vlmfuncs_comp = VLMFunctionals(aero_ind, CL0, CD0)
spatialbeamfuncs_comp = SpatialBeamFunctionals(aero_ind, fem_ind, E, G, stress, mrho)
fuelburn_comp = FunctionalBreguetRange(W0, CT, a, R, M, aero_ind)
eq_con_comp = FunctionalEquilibrium(W0, aero_ind)
############################################################
############################################################
root.add('indep_vars',
indep_vars_comp,
promotes=['*'])
root.add('twist_bsp',
twist_comp,
promotes=['*'])
root.add('thickness_bsp',
thickness_comp,
promotes=['*'])
def setup_aerostruct(self):
"""
Specific method to add the necessary components to the problem for an
aerostructural problem.
"""
# Set the problem name if the user doesn't
if 'prob_name' not in self.prob_dict.keys():
self.prob_dict['prob_name'] = 'aerostruct'
# Create the base root-level group
root = Group()
coupled = Group()
# Create the problem and assign the root group
self.prob = Problem()
self.prob.root = root
# Loop over each surface in the surfaces list
for surface in self.surfaces:
# Get the surface name and create a group to contain components
# only for this surface
name = surface['name']
tmp_group = Group()
# Add independent variables that do not belong to a specific component
indep_vars = [
(name + 'twist_cp', numpy.zeros(surface['num_twist'])),
(name + 'thickness_cp', numpy.ones(surface['num_thickness']) *
numpy.max(surface['t'])), (name + 'r', surface['r']),
(name + 'dihedral', surface['dihedral']),
(name + 'sweep', surface['sweep']),
(name + 'span', surface['span']),
(name + 'taper', surface['taper'])
]
# Obtain the Jacobians to interpolate the data from the b-spline
# control points
jac_twist = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_twist'], surface['num_y'])
jac_thickness = get_bspline_mtx(surface['num_thickness'],
surface['num_y'] - 1)
# Add components to include in the '_pre_solve' group
tmp_group.add('indep_vars',
IndepVarComp(indep_vars),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('twist_bsp',
Bspline(name + 'twist_cp', name + 'twist',
jac_twist),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('thickness_bsp',
Bspline(name + 'thickness_cp', name + 'thickness',
jac_thickness),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('tube', MaterialsTube(surface), promotes=['*'])
# Add tmp_group to the problem with the name of the surface and
# '_pre_solve' appended.
name_orig = name #.strip('_')
name = name + 'pre_solve'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add components to the 'coupled' group for each surface
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('mesh', GeometryMesh(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('def_mesh',
TransferDisplacements(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('vlmgeom', VLMGeometry(surface), promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('spatialbeamstates',
SpatialBeamStates(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.spatialbeamstates.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
name = name_orig + 'group'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('coupled.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a loads component to the coupled group
exec('coupled.add("' + name_orig + 'loads' + '", ' +
'TransferLoads(surface)' + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a '_post_solve' group which evaluates the data after solving
# the coupled system
tmp_group = Group()
tmp_group.add('spatialbeamfuncs',
SpatialBeamFunctionals(surface),
promotes=['*'])
tmp_group.add('vlmfuncs', VLMFunctionals(surface), promotes=['*'])
name = name_orig + 'post_solve'
exec(name + ' = tmp_group')
exec('root.add("' + name + '", ' + name + ', promotes=["*"])')
# Add a single 'VLMStates' component for the whole system
coupled.add('vlmstates',
VLMStates(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
# Set solver properties for the coupled group
coupled.ln_solver = ScipyGMRES()
coupled.ln_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
coupled.ln_solver.preconditioner = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.vlmstates.ln_solver = LinearGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver = NLGaussSeidel()
coupled.nl_solver.options['iprint'] = 1
# Ensure that the groups are ordered correctly within the coupled group
order_list = []
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'group')
order_list.append('vlmstates')
for surface in self.surfaces:
order_list.append(surface['name'] + 'loads')
coupled.set_order(order_list)
# Add the coupled group to the root problem
root.add('coupled', coupled, promotes=['*'])
# Add problem information as an independent variables component
prob_vars = [('v', self.prob_dict['v']),
('alpha', self.prob_dict['alpha']),
('M', self.prob_dict['M']), ('Re', self.prob_dict['Re']),
('rho', self.prob_dict['rho'])]
root.add('prob_vars', IndepVarComp(prob_vars), promotes=['*'])
# Add functionals to evaluate performance of the system
root.add('fuelburn',
FunctionalBreguetRange(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
root.add('eq_con',
FunctionalEquilibrium(self.surfaces, self.prob_dict),
promotes=['*'])
self.setup_prob()