def bandplot(
filenames=None,
code="vasp",
prefix=None,
directory=None,
vbm_cbm_marker=False,
projection_selection=None,
mode="rgb",
normalise="all",
interpolate_factor=4,
circle_size=150,
dos_file=None,
cart_coords=False,
scissor=None,
ylabel="Energy (eV)",
dos_label=None,
elements=None,
lm_orbitals=None,
atoms=None,
spin=None,
total_only=False,
plot_total=True,
legend_cutoff=3,
gaussian=None,
height=None,
width=None,
ymin=-6.0,
ymax=6.0,
colours=None,
yscale=1,
style=None,
no_base_style=False,
image_format="pdf",
dpi=400,
plt=None,
fonts=None,
):
"""Plot electronic band structure diagrams from vasprun.xml files.
Args:
filenames (:obj:`str` or :obj:`list`, optional): Path to input files:
Vasp:
Use vasprun.xml or vasprun.xml.gz file.
Questaal:
Path to a bnds.ext file. The extension will also be used to
find site.ext and syml.ext files in the same directory.
Castep:
Path to a seedname.bands file. The prefix ("seedname") is used
to locate a seedname.cell file in the same directory and read
in the positions of high-symmetry points.
If no filenames are provided, sumo
will search for vasprun.xml or vasprun.xml.gz files in folders
named 'split-0*'. Failing that, the code will look for a vasprun in
the current directory. If a :obj:`list` of vasprun files is
provided, these will be combined into a single band structure.
code (:obj:`str`, optional): Calculation type. Default is 'vasp';
'questaal' and 'castep' also supported (with a reduced
feature-set).
prefix (:obj:`str`, optional): Prefix for file names.
directory (:obj:`str`, optional): The directory in which to save files.
vbm_cbm_marker (:obj:`bool`, optional): Plot markers to indicate the
VBM and CBM locations.
projection_selection (list): A list of :obj:`tuple` or :obj:`string`
identifying which elements and orbitals to project on to the
band structure. These can be specified by both element and
orbital, for example, the following will project the Bi s, p
and S p orbitals::
[('Bi', 's'), ('Bi', 'p'), ('S', 'p')]
If just the element is specified then all the orbitals of
that element are combined. For example, to sum all the S
orbitals::
[('Bi', 's'), ('Bi', 'p'), 'S']
You can also choose to sum particular orbitals by supplying a
:obj:`tuple` of orbitals. For example, to sum the S s, p, and
d orbitals into a single projection::
[('Bi', 's'), ('Bi', 'p'), ('S', ('s', 'p', 'd'))]
If ``mode = 'rgb'``, a maximum of 3 orbital/element
combinations can be plotted simultaneously (one for red, green
and blue), otherwise an unlimited number of elements/orbitals
can be selected.
mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Type of projected band structure to
plot. Options are:
"rgb"
The band structure line color depends on the character
of the band. Each element/orbital contributes either
red, green or blue with the corresponding line colour a
mixture of all three colours. This mode only supports
up to 3 elements/orbitals combinations. The order of
the ``selection`` :obj:`tuple` determines which colour
is used for each selection.
"stacked"
The element/orbital contributions are drawn as a
series of stacked circles, with the colour depending on
the composition of the band. The size of the circles
can be scaled using the ``circle_size`` option.
normalise (:obj:`str`, optional): Normalisation the projections.
Options are:
* ``'all'``: Projections normalised against the sum of all
other projections.
* ``'select'``: Projections normalised against the sum of the
selected projections.
* ``None``: No normalisation performed.
circle_size (:obj:`float`, optional): The area of the circles used
when ``mode = 'stacked'``.
cart_coords (:obj:`bool`, optional): Whether the k-points are read as
cartesian or reciprocal coordinates. This is only required for
Questaal output; Vasp output is less ambiguous. Defaults to
``False`` (fractional coordinates).
scissor (:obj:`float`, optional): Apply a scissor operator (rigid shift
of the CBM), use with caution if applying to metals.
dos_file (:obj:'str', optional): Path to vasprun.xml file from which to
read the density of states information. If set, the density of
states will be plotted alongside the bandstructure.
elements (:obj:`dict`, optional): The elements and orbitals to extract
from the projected density of states. Should be provided as a
:obj:`dict` with the keys as the element names and corresponding
values as a :obj:`tuple` of orbitals. For example, the following
would extract the Bi s, px, py and d orbitals::
{'Bi': ('s', 'px', 'py', 'd')}
If an element is included with an empty :obj:`tuple`, all orbitals
for that species will be extracted. If ``elements`` is not set or
set to ``None``, all elements for all species will be extracted.
lm_orbitals (:obj:`dict`, optional): The orbitals to decompose into
their lm contributions (e.g. p -> px, py, pz). Should be provided
as a :obj:`dict`, with the elements names as keys and a
:obj:`tuple` of orbitals as the corresponding values. For example,
the following would be used to decompose the oxygen p and d
orbitals::
{'O': ('p', 'd')}
atoms (:obj:`dict`, optional): Which atomic sites to use when
calculating the projected density of states. Should be provided as
a :obj:`dict`, with the element names as keys and a :obj:`tuple` of
:obj:`int` specifying the atomic indices as the corresponding
values. The elemental projected density of states will be summed
only over the atom indices specified. If an element is included
with an empty :obj:`tuple`, then all sites for that element will
be included. The indices are 0 based for each element specified in
the POSCAR. For example, the following will calculate the density
of states for the first 4 Sn atoms and all O atoms in the
structure::
{'Sn': (1, 2, 3, 4), 'O': (, )}
If ``atoms`` is not set or set to ``None`` then all atomic sites
for all elements will be considered.
spin (:obj:`Spin`, optional): Plot only one spin channel from a
spin-polarised calculation; "up" or "1" for spin up only, "down" or
"-1" for spin down only. Defaults to ``None``.
total_only (:obj:`bool`, optional): Only extract the total density of
states. Defaults to ``False``.
plot_total (:obj:`bool`, optional): Plot the total density of states.
Defaults to ``True``.
legend_cutoff (:obj:`float`, optional): The cut-off (in % of the
maximum density of states within the plotting range) for an
elemental orbital to be labelled in the legend. This prevents
the legend from containing labels for orbitals that have very
little contribution in the plotting range.
gaussian (:obj:`float`, optional): Broaden the density of states using
convolution with a gaussian function. This parameter controls the
sigma or standard deviation of the gaussian distribution.
height (:obj:`float`, optional): The height of the plot.
width (:obj:`float`, optional): The width of the plot.
ymin (:obj:`float`, optional): The minimum energy on the y-axis.
ymax (:obj:`float`, optional): The maximum energy on the y-axis.
style (:obj:`list` or :obj:`str`, optional): (List of) matplotlib style
specifications, to be composed on top of Sumo base style.
no_base_style (:obj:`bool`, optional): Prevent use of sumo base style.
This can make alternative styles behave more predictably.
colours (:obj:`dict`, optional): Use custom colours for specific
element and orbital combinations. Specified as a :obj:`dict` of
:obj:`dict` of the colours. For example::
{
'Sn': {'s': 'r', 'p': 'b'},
'O': {'s': '#000000'}
}
The colour can be a hex code, series of rgb value, or any other
format supported by matplotlib.
yscale (:obj:`float`, optional): Scaling factor for the y-axis.
image_format (:obj:`str`, optional): The image file format. Can be any
format supported by matplotlib, including: png, jpg, pdf, and svg.
Defaults to pdf.
dpi (:obj:`int`, optional): The dots-per-inch (pixel density) for
the image.
plt (:obj:`matplotlib.pyplot`, optional): A
:obj:`matplotlib.pyplot` object to use for plotting.
fonts (:obj:`list`, optional): Fonts to use in the plot. Can be a
a single font, specified as a :obj:`str`, or several fonts,
specified as a :obj:`list` of :obj:`str`.
Returns:
If ``plt`` set then the ``plt`` object will be returned. Otherwise, the
method will return a :obj:`list` of filenames written to disk.
"""
if not filenames:
filenames = find_vasprun_files()
elif isinstance(filenames, str):
filenames = [filenames]
# only load the orbital projects if we definitely need them
parse_projected = True if projection_selection else False
# now load all the band structure data and combine using the
# get_reconstructed_band_structure function from pymatgen
bandstructures = []
if code == "vasp":
for vr_file in filenames:
vr = BSVasprun(vr_file, parse_projected_eigen=parse_projected)
bs = vr.get_band_structure(line_mode=True)
bandstructures.append(bs)
bs = get_reconstructed_band_structure(bandstructures)
elif code == "castep":
for bands_file in filenames:
cell_file = _replace_ext(bands_file, "cell")
if os.path.isfile(cell_file):
logging.info(f"Found cell file {cell_file}...")
else:
logging.info(f"Did not find cell file {cell_file}...")
cell_file = None
bs = castep_band_structure(bands_file, cell_file=cell_file)
bandstructures.append(bs)
bs = get_reconstructed_band_structure(bandstructures)
elif code == "questaal":
bnds_file = filenames[0]
ext = bnds_file.split(".")[-1]
bnds_folder = os.path.join(bnds_file, os.path.pardir)
site_file = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(bnds_folder, f"site.{ext}"))
if os.path.isfile(site_file):
logging.info("site file found, reading lattice...")
site_data = QuestaalSite.from_file(site_file)
bnds_lattice = site_data.structure.lattice
alat = site_data.alat
else:
raise OSError(
"Site file {} not found: "
"needed to determine lattice".format(site_file)
)
syml_file = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(bnds_folder, f"syml.{ext}"))
if os.path.isfile(syml_file):
logging.info("syml file found, reading special-point labels...")
bnds_labels = labels_from_syml(syml_file)
else:
logging.info("syml file not found, band structure lacks labels")
bnds_labels = {}
bs = questaal_band_structure(
bnds_file,
bnds_lattice,
alat=alat,
labels=bnds_labels,
coords_are_cartesian=cart_coords,
)
# currently not supported as it is a pain to make subplots within subplots,
# although need to check this is still the case
if "split" in mode and dos_file:
logging.error(
"ERROR: Plotting split projected band structure with DOS"
" not supported.\nPlease use --projected-rgb or "
"--projected-stacked options."
)
sys.exit()
if projection_selection and mode == "rgb" and len(projection_selection) > 3:
logging.error(
"ERROR: RGB projected band structure only "
"supports up to 3 elements/orbitals."
"\nUse alternative --mode setting."
)
sys.exit()
# don't save if pyplot object provided
save_files = False if plt else True
dos_plotter = None
dos_opts = None
if dos_file:
if code == "vasp":
dos, pdos = load_dos(
dos_file, elements, lm_orbitals, atoms, gaussian, total_only
)
elif code == "castep":
pdos_file = None
if cell_file:
pdos_file = _replace_ext(cell_file, "pdos_bin")
if not os.path.isfile(pdos_file):
pdos_file = None
logging.info(
f"PDOS file {pdos_file} does not exist, "
"falling back to TDOS."
)
else:
logging.info(f"Found PDOS file {pdos_file}")
else:
logging.info(
f"Cell file {cell_file} does not exist, " "cannot plot PDOS."
)
dos, pdos = read_castep_dos(
dos_file,
pdos_file=pdos_file,
cell_file=cell_file,
gaussian=gaussian,
lm_orbitals=lm_orbitals,
elements=elements,
efermi_to_vbm=True,
)
dos_plotter = SDOSPlotter(dos, pdos)
dos_opts = {
"plot_total": plot_total,
"legend_cutoff": legend_cutoff,
"colours": colours,
"yscale": yscale,
}
if scissor:
bs = bs.apply_scissor(scissor)
spin = string_to_spin(spin) # Convert spin name to pymatgen Spin object
plotter = SBSPlotter(bs)
if projection_selection:
plt = plotter.get_projected_plot(
projection_selection,
mode=mode,
normalise=normalise,
interpolate_factor=interpolate_factor,
circle_size=circle_size,
zero_to_efermi=True,
ymin=ymin,
ymax=ymax,
height=height,
width=width,
vbm_cbm_marker=vbm_cbm_marker,
ylabel=ylabel,
plt=plt,
dos_plotter=dos_plotter,
dos_options=dos_opts,
dos_label=dos_label,
fonts=fonts,
style=style,
no_base_style=no_base_style,
spin=spin,
)
else:
plt = plotter.get_plot(
zero_to_efermi=True,
ymin=ymin,
ymax=ymax,
height=height,
width=width,
vbm_cbm_marker=vbm_cbm_marker,
ylabel=ylabel,
plt=plt,
dos_plotter=dos_plotter,
dos_options=dos_opts,
dos_label=dos_label,
fonts=fonts,
style=style,
no_base_style=no_base_style,
spin=spin,
)
if save_files:
basename = f"band.{image_format}"
filename = f"{prefix}_{basename}" if prefix else basename
if directory:
filename = os.path.join(directory, filename)
plt.savefig(filename, format=image_format, dpi=dpi, bbox_inches="tight")
written = [filename]
written += save_data_files(bs, prefix=prefix, directory=directory)
return written
else:
return plt
def bandplot(filenames=None,
prefix=None,
directory=None,
vbm_cbm_marker=False,
projection_selection=None,
mode='rgb',
interpolate_factor=4,
circle_size=150,
dos_file=None,
ylabel='Energy (eV)',
dos_label=None,
elements=None,
lm_orbitals=None,
atoms=None,
total_only=False,
plot_total=True,
legend_cutoff=3,
gaussian=None,
height=6.,
width=6.,
ymin=-6.,
ymax=6.,
colours=None,
yscale=1,
image_format='pdf',
dpi=400,
plt=None,
fonts=None):
"""Plot electronic band structure diagrams from vasprun.xml files.
Args:
filenames (:obj:`str` or :obj:`list`, optional): Path to vasprun.xml
or vasprun.xml.gz file. If no filenames are provided, the code
will search for vasprun.xml or vasprun.xml.gz files in folders
named 'split-0*'. Failing that, the code will look for a vasprun in
the current directory. If a :obj:`list` of vasprun files is
provided, these will be combined into a single band structure.
prefix (:obj:`str`, optional): Prefix for file names.
directory (:obj:`str`, optional): The directory in which to save files.
vbm_cbm_marker (:obj:`bool`, optional): Plot markers to indicate the
VBM and CBM locations.
projection_selection (list): A list of :obj:`tuple` or :obj:`string`
identifying which elements and orbitals to project on to the
band structure. These can be specified by both element and
orbital, for example, the following will project the Bi s, p
and S p orbitals::
[('Bi', 's'), ('Bi', 'p'), ('S', 'p')]
If just the element is specified then all the orbitals of
that element are combined. For example, to sum all the S
orbitals::
[('Bi', 's'), ('Bi', 'p'), 'S']
You can also choose to sum particular orbitals by supplying a
:obj:`tuple` of orbitals. For example, to sum the S s, p, and
d orbitals into a single projection::
[('Bi', 's'), ('Bi', 'p'), ('S', ('s', 'p', 'd'))]
If ``mode = 'rgb'``, a maximum of 3 orbital/element
combinations can be plotted simultaneously (one for red, green
and blue), otherwise an unlimited number of elements/orbitals
can be selected.
mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Type of projected band structure to
plot. Options are:
"rgb"
The band structure line color depends on the character
of the band. Each element/orbital contributes either
red, green or blue with the corresponding line colour a
mixture of all three colours. This mode only supports
up to 3 elements/orbitals combinations. The order of
the ``selection`` :obj:`tuple` determines which colour
is used for each selection.
"stacked"
The element/orbital contributions are drawn as a
series of stacked circles, with the colour depending on
the composition of the band. The size of the circles
can be scaled using the ``circle_size`` option.
circle_size (:obj:`float`, optional): The area of the circles used
when ``mode = 'stacked'``.
dos_file (:obj:'str', optional): Path to vasprun.xml file from which to
read the density of states information. If set, the density of
states will be plotted alongside the bandstructure.
elements (:obj:`dict`, optional): The elements and orbitals to extract
from the projected density of states. Should be provided as a
:obj:`dict` with the keys as the element names and corresponding
values as a :obj:`tuple` of orbitals. For example, the following
would extract the Bi s, px, py and d orbitals::
{'Bi': ('s', 'px', 'py', 'd')}
If an element is included with an empty :obj:`tuple`, all orbitals
for that species will be extracted. If ``elements`` is not set or
set to ``None``, all elements for all species will be extracted.
lm_orbitals (:obj:`dict`, optional): The orbitals to decompose into
their lm contributions (e.g. p -> px, py, pz). Should be provided
as a :obj:`dict`, with the elements names as keys and a
:obj:`tuple` of orbitals as the corresponding values. For example,
the following would be used to decompose the oxygen p and d
orbitals::
{'O': ('p', 'd')}
atoms (:obj:`dict`, optional): Which atomic sites to use when
calculating the projected density of states. Should be provided as
a :obj:`dict`, with the element names as keys and a :obj:`tuple` of
:obj:`int` specifying the atomic indices as the corresponding
values. The elemental projected density of states will be summed
only over the atom indices specified. If an element is included
with an empty :obj:`tuple`, then all sites for that element will
be included. The indices are 0 based for each element specified in
the POSCAR. For example, the following will calculate the density
of states for the first 4 Sn atoms and all O atoms in the
structure::
{'Sn': (1, 2, 3, 4), 'O': (, )}
If ``atoms`` is not set or set to ``None`` then all atomic sites
for all elements will be considered.
total_only (:obj:`bool`, optional): Only extract the total density of
states. Defaults to ``False``.
plot_total (:obj:`bool`, optional): Plot the total density of states.
Defaults to ``True``.
legend_cutoff (:obj:`float`, optional): The cut-off (in % of the
maximum density of states within the plotting range) for an
elemental orbital to be labelled in the legend. This prevents
the legend from containing labels for orbitals that have very
little contribution in the plotting range.
gaussian (:obj:`float`, optional): Broaden the density of states using
convolution with a gaussian function. This parameter controls the
sigma or standard deviation of the gaussian distribution.
height (:obj:`float`, optional): The height of the plot.
width (:obj:`float`, optional): The width of the plot.
ymin (:obj:`float`, optional): The minimum energy on the y-axis.
ymax (:obj:`float`, optional): The maximum energy on the y-axis.
colours (:obj:`dict`, optional): Use custom colours for specific
element and orbital combinations. Specified as a :obj:`dict` of
:obj:`dict` of the colours. For example::
{
'Sn': {'s': 'r', 'p': 'b'},
'O': {'s': '#000000'}
}
The colour can be a hex code, series of rgb value, or any other
format supported by matplotlib.
yscale (:obj:`float`, optional): Scaling factor for the y-axis.
image_format (:obj:`str`, optional): The image file format. Can be any
format supported by matplotlib, including: png, jpg, pdf, and svg.
Defaults to pdf.
dpi (:obj:`int`, optional): The dots-per-inch (pixel density) for
the image.
plt (:obj:`matplotlib.pyplot`, optional): A
:obj:`matplotlib.pyplot` object to use for plotting.
fonts (:obj:`list`, optional): Fonts to use in the plot. Can be a
a single font, specified as a :obj:`str`, or several fonts,
specified as a :obj:`list` of :obj:`str`.
Returns:
If ``plt`` set then the ``plt`` object will be returned. Otherwise, the
method will return a :obj:`list` of filenames written to disk.
"""
if not filenames:
filenames = find_vasprun_files()
elif type(filenames) == str:
filenames = [filenames]
# only load the orbital projects if we definitely need them
parse_projected = True if projection_selection else False
# now load all the vaspruns and combine them together using the
# get_reconstructed_band_structure function from pymatgen
bandstructures = []
for vr_file in filenames:
vr = BSVasprun(vr_file, parse_projected_eigen=parse_projected)
bs = vr.get_band_structure(line_mode=True)
bandstructures.append(bs)
bs = get_reconstructed_band_structure(bandstructures)
# currently not supported as it is a pain to make subplots within subplots,
# although need to check this is still the case
if 'split' in mode and dos_file:
logging.error('ERROR: Plotting split projected band structure with DOS'
' not supported.\nPlease use --projected-rgb or '
'--projected-stacked options.')
sys.exit()
if (projection_selection and mode == 'rgb'
and len(projection_selection) > 3):
logging.error('ERROR: RGB projected band structure only '
'supports up to 3 elements/orbitals.'
'\nUse alternative --mode setting.')
sys.exit()
# don't save if pyplot object provided
save_files = False if plt else True
dos_plotter = None
dos_opts = None
if dos_file:
dos, pdos = load_dos(dos_file, elements, lm_orbitals, atoms, gaussian,
total_only)
dos_plotter = SDOSPlotter(dos, pdos)
dos_opts = {
'plot_total': plot_total,
'legend_cutoff': legend_cutoff,
'colours': colours,
'yscale': yscale
}
plotter = SBSPlotter(bs)
if projection_selection:
plt = plotter.get_projected_plot(projection_selection,
mode=mode,
interpolate_factor=interpolate_factor,
circle_size=circle_size,
zero_to_efermi=True,
ymin=ymin,
ymax=ymax,
height=height,
width=width,
vbm_cbm_marker=vbm_cbm_marker,
ylabel=ylabel,
plt=plt,
dos_plotter=dos_plotter,
dos_options=dos_opts,
dos_label=dos_label,
fonts=fonts)
else:
plt = plotter.get_plot(zero_to_efermi=True,
ymin=ymin,
ymax=ymax,
height=height,
width=width,
vbm_cbm_marker=vbm_cbm_marker,
ylabel=ylabel,
plt=plt,
dos_plotter=dos_plotter,
dos_options=dos_opts,
dos_label=dos_label,
fonts=fonts)
if save_files:
basename = 'band.{}'.format(image_format)
filename = '{}_{}'.format(prefix, basename) if prefix else basename
if directory:
filename = os.path.join(directory, filename)
plt.savefig(filename,
format=image_format,
dpi=dpi,
bbox_inches='tight')
written = [filename]
written += save_data_files(vr, bs, prefix=prefix, directory=directory)
return written
else:
return plt