def crossing_averages(n,m,stock_prices,available_capital,fees,portfolio,ledger = 'ledger_crossing_averages.txt'):
'''
The relationship between the moving average curve determines whether to buy or sell
Input:
n(int): SMA period
m(int): FMA period
available_capital(float): Budget for each stock purchased each time
fees(float): Cost per transaction
portfolio
ledger(str): File to store purchase information
Output: purchase point
'''
for stocks in range(len(stock_prices[0])):
# Calculate the FMA and SMA of each stock
FMA = indi.moving_average(stock_prices[:,stocks], m)
SMA = indi.moving_average(stock_prices[:,stocks], n)
# Initiate the event list of purchase time and sales
buy_point = []
sell_point = []
final = []
# Find the point where the two curves intersect, according to the size of the stock price on the left and right
for x in range(1,len(stock_prices)-1):
if FMA[x-1] < SMA[x-1] and FMA[x+1] > SMA [x+1]:
buy_point.append(x)
elif FMA[x-1] > SMA[x-1] and FMA[x+1] < SMA [x+1]:
sell_point.append(x)
for day in range(len(stock_prices)):
if day+1 in buy_point:
proc.buy(day,stocks,available_capital,stock_prices,fees,portfolio,ledger)
elif day+1 in sell_point:
proc.sell(day,stocks,stock_prices,fees,portfolio,ledger)
final.append([buy_point,sell_point])
return final
def momentum(stock_prices,
cool_down_period=3,
period=7,
osc_type='stochastic',
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_momentum.txt'):
'''
Oscillators can help us guess if the price of a share is currently overvalued (overbought) or undervalued (oversold). Generally:
the price is considered overvalued when the oscillator is above a threshold of 0.7 to 0.8 (good time to sell).
the price is considered undervalued when the oscillator is below a threshold of 0.2 to 0.3 (good time to buy).
'''
day = period
stock_list = stock_prices[0, ]
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([5000] * len(stock_list), stock_prices,
fees)
valued = np.array([
oscillator(stock_prices[:, i], period, osc_type)
for i in range(len(stock_list))
])
while day < (stock_prices.shape[0] - period):
if day != 0 and (portfolio == np.zeros(len(portfolio))).all():
break
for stock in range(len(stock_list)):
# When the FMA crosses the SMA from below,buy
if valued[stock][day] > 0.2 and valued[stock][day] < 0.3:
proc.buy(day, stock, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
elif valued[stock][day] > 0.7 and valued[stock][day] < 0.8:
proc.sell(day, stock, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
day += cool_down_period
def momentum(stock_prices,
osc_type='RSI',
mom_period=7,
cooldown_period=7,
thresholds=(0.25, 0.75),
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_mom.txt'):
'''
Algorithmic trading strategy based on the use of oscillators.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
osc_type (str, default RSI): oscillator to use (RSI or stochastic)
mom_period (int, default 7): number of days used to calculate oscillator
cooldown_period (int, default 7): number of days to wait between actions
thresholds (tuple (len2), deafault (0.25, 0.75)): thresholds used to determine buying and selling days
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase (must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output:
None
'''
# Number of stocks simulated
N = int(stock_prices.shape[1])
# Create day 0 portfolio
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio(np.repeat(amount, N), stock_prices, fees,
ledger)
for stock_id in range(N):
# Get oscillator values
oscillator = indi.oscillator(stock_prices[:, stock_id],
n=mom_period,
osc_type=osc_type)
# Set NaNs to 0
nans_locs = np.isnan(oscillator)
oscillator[nans_locs] = 0
# Find buy days and sell days
buy_days = np.where(oscillator < thresholds[0])[0]
sell_days = np.where(oscillator > thresholds[1])[0]
# Oscillator values are only valid when day >= mom_period
day = mom_period
# Perform transactions with cooldown
while day < len(stock_prices[:, stock_id]):
if day in buy_days:
proc.buy(day, stock_id, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
day += cooldown_period
elif day in sell_days:
proc.sell(day, stock_id, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
day += cooldown_period
else:
day += 1
# Sell all stock on final day
sell_all_stock(stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
def crossing_averages(stock_prices,
sma_window=200,
fma_window=50,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_cross.txt'):
'''
Algorithmic trading strategy based on the crossing of the slow moving average (SMA) and fast
moving average (FMA).
- When the FMA crosses the SMA from below we buy shares.
- When the FMA crosses the SMA from above we sell shares
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
sma_period (int, default 200): days used to calculate SMA
fma_period (int, default 50): days used to calculate FMA
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase (must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output:
None
'''
# Number of stocks simulated
N = int(stock_prices.shape[1])
# Create day 0 portfolio
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio(np.repeat(amount, N), stock_prices, fees,
ledger)
assert fma_window < sma_window, "Your SMA period must be less than your FMA period"
for stock_id in range(N):
# SMA calculated from day = sma_period
sma = indi.moving_average(
stock_prices[:, stock_id],
window_size=sma_window) # size: N - sma_period
# FMA calculated from day = fma_period
fma = indi.moving_average(
stock_prices[:, stock_id],
window_size=fma_window)[sma_window -
fma_window:] # size: N - sma_period
# Comparison from day = sma_period - fma_period
deltas = fma - sma
# Find buying and selling days
cross_days = np.where((np.diff(np.sign(deltas)) != 0))[0] + 1
for cross_day in cross_days:
if (fma[cross_day - 1] > sma[cross_day - 1]):
proc.sell(cross_day + sma_window - 1, stock_id, stock_prices,
fees, portfolio, ledger)
else:
proc.buy(cross_day + sma_window - 1, stock_id, amount,
stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# Sell final day stock
sell_all_stock(stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
def random(stock_prices, period = 7, amount = 5000, fees = 20, ledger = 'random_ledger.txt'):
'''
Randomly decide, every period, which stocks to purchase, do nothing, or sell (with equal probability). Spend a maximum of amount on every purchase. Records transaction data in given ledger.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
period (int, default 7): how often we buy/sell (days)
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str, default 'ledger_random.txt'): path to the ledger file
Output: None
Example:
Perform random strategy with period 8-days on a given portfolio of stock.
Returns None
>>> random(stock_price_data, 8)
'''
# get number of stocks and number of days
number_of_days, N = stock_prices.shape
# initialize portfolio
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio(N * [amount], stock_prices, fees, ledger)
# set default random number generator
rng = np.random.default_rng()
# loop over each period, we buy on first day so start from 'periodth' day
for day in range(period, number_of_days, period):
# draw integers for each stock, 1 is buy, -1 is sell, 0 do nothing
random_array = rng.integers(-1, 2, size = N)
# decide which stocks to buy and sell
stocks_to_buy = np.where(random_array == 1)[0]
stocks_to_sell = np.where(random_array == -1)[0]
# if there are stocks to buy, buy them
if len(np.atleast_1d(stocks_to_buy)) > 0:
for stock in stocks_to_buy:
proc.buy(day, stock, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# if there are stocks to sell, sell them
if len(np.atleast_1d(stocks_to_sell)) > 0:
for stock in stocks_to_sell:
# only sell if we have them
if portfolio[stock] > 0:
proc.sell(day, stock, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# if number is equal to 2 we do nothing and go to next period and sell our portfolio at the end
for stock_number in range(N):
proc.sell(number_of_days - 1, stock_number, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
def sell_all_stock(stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger):
'''
Sell all stock on the final day.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
portfolio (list): our current portfolio
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
'''
# Number of stocks simulated
N = int(stock_prices.shape[1])
# Finish with selling all stock on final day
for stock_id in range(N):
proc.sell(stock_prices.shape[0] - 1, stock_id, stock_prices, fees,
portfolio, ledger)
def crossing_averages(stock_prices,
n=50,
m=200,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_crossing_averages.txt'):
'''
When the FMA crosses the SMA from below, then the share price is starting to rise significantly, and it's a good time to buy shares.
When the FMA crosses the SMA from above, then the share price is starting to lower significantly, and it's a good time to sell shares before the price gets too low.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
n (int, default 50): FMA with period �
m (int, default 200): SMA with period m
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
'''
day = m
stock_list = stock_prices[0, ]
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([5000] * len(stock_list), stock_prices,
fees)
SMA = np.array([
moving_average(stock_prices[:, i], m) for i in range(len(stock_list))
])
FMA = np.array([
moving_average(stock_prices[:, i], n) for i in range(len(stock_list))
])
while day < (stock_prices.shape[0] - m):
if day != 0 and (portfolio == np.zeros(len(portfolio))).all():
break
for stock in range(len(stock_list)):
#When the FMA crosses the SMA from below,buy
if FMA[stock][day] < SMA[stock][day]:
proc.buy(day, stock, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
else:
proc.sell(day, stock, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
day += 1
def random(stock_prices,
period=7,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_random.txt'):
'''
Randomly decide, every period, which stocks to purchase,
do nothing, or sell (with equal probability).
Spend a maximum of amount on every purchase.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
period (int, default 7): how often we buy/sell (days)
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
'''
# Number of stock to simulate
N = int(stock_prices.shape[1])
# Create day 0 portfolio
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio(np.repeat(amount, N), stock_prices, fees,
ledger)
# Determine dates on which we act
action_days = np.arange(1, stock_prices.shape[0] + 1, period)
for action_day in action_days:
for stock_id in range(N):
# Randomly sample action from discrete unif dist.
action = np.random.choice([0, 1, 2])
if action == 1: # Buying
proc.buy(action_day, stock_id, amount, stock_prices, fees,
portfolio, ledger)
elif action == 2: # Selling
proc.sell(action_day, stock_id, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
# Finish with selling all stock on final day
sell_all_stock(stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
def random(stock_prices,
period=7,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_random.txt'):
'''
Randomly decide, every period, which stocks to purchase,
do nothing, or sell (with equal probability).
Spend a maximum of amount on every purchase.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
period (int, default 7): how often we buy/sell (days)
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
'''
decision = ['purchase', 'nothing', 'sell']
stock_list = stock_prices[0, ]
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([5000] * len(stock_list), stock_prices,
fees)
day = 0
while day < stock_prices.shape[0]:
if day != 0 and (portfolio == np.zeros(len(portfolio))).all():
break
action = np.random.choice(decision)
if action == "purchase":
for stock in range(len(stock_list)):
proc.buy(day, stock, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
elif action == "nothing":
continue
elif action == "sell":
for stock in range(len(stock_list)):
proc.sell(day, stock, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
day += 1
def momentum(stock_prices,available_capital,fees,portfolio,n=7,osc_type='stochastic',ledger = 'ledger_momentum.txt'):
'''
OSC decides whether to buy or sell
Input:
stock_prices(array): All prices of all stocks
available_capital(float): Budget for each stock purchased each time
fees(float): Cost per transaction
fees(float): Cost per transaction
portfolio
ledger(str): File to store purchase information
Output: None
'''
for stocks in range(len(stock_prices[0])):
# Calculate OSC
result = indi.oscillator(stock_prices[:,stocks], n=n, osc_type='stochastic').tolist()
# Initiate the event list of purchase time and sales
buy_point = []
sell_point = []
for i in range(0, len(result)):
# Judging whether to buy or sell by threshold, the cooling off period for each transaction is 10 days
if result[i] > 0.2 and result[i] < 0.3:
if len(buy_point) > 0 and len(sell_point) > 0:
if i > max(buy_point[-1],sell_point[-1]) + 5:
buy_point.append(i)
else:
buy_point.append(i)
elif result[i] > 0.7 and result[i] < 0.8:
if len(buy_point) > 0 and len(sell_point) > 0:
if i > max(buy_point[-1],sell_point[-1]) + 5:
sell_point.append(i)
else:
sell_point.append(i)
# Buy and sell stocks according to the time just set
for day in range(len(stock_prices)):
if day+1 in buy_point:
proc.buy(day,stocks,available_capital,stock_prices,fees,portfolio,ledger)
elif day+1 in sell_point:
proc.sell(day,stocks,stock_prices,fees,portfolio,ledger)
def random(stock_prices,portfolio,period=7, amount=5000, fees=20, ledger='ledger_random.txt'):
'''
Randomly decide, every period, which stocks to purchase,
do nothing, or sell (with equal probability).
Spend a maximum of amount on every purchase.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
period (int, default 7): how often we buy/sell (days)
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
'''
# Calculate effective length
length = (len(stock_prices[:,0]) - 1) - (len(stock_prices[:,0]) - 1) % period
# Calculate the number of types of stock
stocks = len(stock_prices[0])
for day in range(1, length, period):
choice = ['buy','sell','nothing']
# Random select behavior
rng = np.random.default_rng()
action = rng.choice(choice)
if action == 'buy':
# for loop traverse each stock
for stock in range(0,stocks):
# buy stock
proc.buy(day, stock, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
elif action == 'sell':
# for loop traverse each stock
for stock in range(0, stocks):
# sell all stock
proc.sell(day,stock,stock_prices,fees,portfolio,ledger)
else:
pass
def random(stock_prices,
period=7,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_random.txt'):
'''
Randomly decide, every period, which stocks to purchase,
do nothing, or sell (with equal probability).
Spend a maximum of amount on every purchase.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
period (int, default 7): how often we buy/sell (days)
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
'''
#important: when price of a stock is nan, then sell all the shares of that stock at price 0
rng = np.random.default_rng()
num_stock = stock_prices.shape[1]
days = stock_prices.shape[0]
#create portfolio at day 0
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([amount] * num_stock,
stock_prices,
fees,
ledger=ledger)
num_transaction = math.floor(days / period)
for i in range(1, num_transaction + 1):
# 0: buy 1: do nothing 2:sell
for j in range(num_stock):
if np.isnan(stock_prices[i, j]) == True: # sell at price 0
proc.sell(period * i, j, np.zeros((days, num_stock)), fees,
portfolio, ledger)
break
else:
action = rng.choice([0, 1, 2], 1, p=[
1 / 3, 1 / 3, 1 / 3
]) #determine the action with equal probability
if action == 0: # buy stock j
proc.buy(
period * i, j, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger
) # price is the price on the last day in each period
elif action == 2: #sell stock j
proc.sell(period * i, j, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
#then, if there are some remaining stocks, we sell them in the last period
for k in range(num_stock):
if portfolio[k] != 0:
proc.sell(days - 1, k, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
return None
def random(stock_prices,
period=7,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_random.txt'):
'''
Randomly decide, every period, which stocks to purchase,
do nothing, or sell (with equal probability).
Spend a maximum of amount on every purchase.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
period (int, default 7): how often we buy/sell (days)
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
'''
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([amount] * stock_prices.shape[1],
stock_prices, fees, ledger)
for i in range(period, len(stock_prices), period):
for stock_no, share in enumerate(portfolio):
# if share is -1, it means the company is bankruptcy
if share == -1:
continue
elif stock_prices[i, stock_no] is None:
# It defines that when element in portfolio is -1, it means never buy this company's stock.
portfolio[stock_no] = -1
continue
else:
# generate day 0 action list. 0 represent do nothing, 1 represent buy and -1 represent sell.
if i == len(stock_prices) - 1:
proc.sell(i,
stock_no,
stock_prices,
fees,
portfolio,
ledger_file=ledger)
else:
action = np.random.randint(-1, 2, size=1)
if action == 1:
proc.buy(i,
stock_no,
amount,
stock_prices,
fees,
portfolio,
ledger_file=ledger)
elif action == -1:
proc.sell(i,
stock_no,
stock_prices,
fees,
portfolio,
ledger_file=ledger)
# if at the last day, it remains stock, just sell them out
last_day = len(stock_prices) - 1
for stock_no, share in enumerate(portfolio):
if share > 0 and stock_prices[last_day, stock_no] is not None:
proc.sell(last_day,
stock_no,
stock_prices,
fees,
portfolio,
ledger_file=ledger)
def momentum(stock_prices,
period=7,
low_threshold=0.3,
up_threshold=0.7,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
osc_type="stochastic",
ledger='ledger_random.txt',
cool_down_period=4):
"""
using oscillator indicator to get portfolio.
Input:
stock_prices(ndarray): stock prices
period: n of FMA
low_threshold: the down threshold of indicator
up_threshold: the up threshold of indicator
amount: input amount
osc_type: oscillator type
fees: fees of transaction
ledger: ledger file name
cool_down_period: time to cool down
Output:
osc: osc result
"""
osc = np.full_like(stock_prices, None)
cool_down_table = [0] * stock_prices.shape[1]
for stock_no in range(stock_prices.shape[1]):
osc[period - 1:,
stock_no] = indic.oscillator(stock_prices[:, stock_no], period,
osc_type)
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([amount] * stock_prices.shape[1],
stock_prices, fees, ledger)
for i in range(1, len(stock_prices)):
for stock_no, share in enumerate(portfolio):
if cool_down_table[stock_no] > 0:
cool_down_table[stock_no] -= 1
continue
# if share is -1, it means the company is bankruptcy
if share == -1:
continue
elif stock_prices[i, stock_no] is None or np.isnan(
stock_prices[i, stock_no]):
# It defines that when element in portfolio is -1, it means never buy this company's stock.
portfolio[stock_no] = -1
continue
else:
if osc[i, stock_no] > up_threshold:
proc.buy(i, stock_no, amount, stock_prices, fees,
portfolio, ledger)
elif osc[i, stock_no] < low_threshold:
proc.sell(i, stock_no, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
cool_down_table[stock_no] = cool_down_period
last_day = len(stock_prices) - 1
for stock_no, share in enumerate(portfolio):
if share > 0 and stock_prices[last_day, stock_no] is not None:
proc.sell(last_day,
stock_no,
stock_prices,
fees,
portfolio,
ledger_file=ledger)
return osc
def crossing_averages(stock_prices, amount = 5000, cool_down_period = 5, n = 200, m = 50, n_weights = [], m_weights = [], plot = False, fees = 20, ledger = 'crossing_average_ledger.txt'):
'''
Decide to buy shares when the m-day moving average crosses the n-day moving average from below, and decide to sell shares when the m-day moving average crosses the n-day mving average from above.
Records transactions in ledger.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
cool_down_period (int, default = 5): how long to wait before making another trade (nb days after a trade is made)
n (int, default 200): period in days for the slow moving average (n > m)
m (int, default 50): period in days for the fast moving average (m < n)
n_weights (list, default []): must be of length n if specified. Indicates the weights
to use for the weighted average. If empty, return a non-weighted average.
m_weights (list, default []): must be of length m if specified. Indicates the weights
to use for the weighted average. If empty, return a non-weighted average.
plot (boolean, default False): Plots moving averages if True.
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str, default 'crossing_average_ledger.txt'): path to the ledger file
Output: None
Example:
Perform crossing average strategy with FMA period of 50 days and SMA period of 200 days with no weights and no cool_down period on a given portfolio.
Returns None.
>>> crossing_average(stock_price_data, cool_period = 0, n = 200, m = 50)
'''
# get number of stocks and number of days
total_days, N = stock_prices.shape
# initialize portfolio
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio(N * [amount], stock_prices, fees, ledger)
# initialize MA arrays, both must have same size to match up the dates
m_day_MA = np.zeros(stock_prices.shape)
n_day_MA = np.zeros(stock_prices.shape)
# initialize cool down matrix which indicates a cool down period
cool_down_matrix = np.zeros(stock_prices.shape)
# get n_day MA
n_day_MA = ind.moving_average(stock_prices, n, n_weights)
# get m_day MA
m_day_MA = ind.moving_average(stock_prices, m, m_weights)
# now loop through each day starting from day n + 1 (index n) and buy, sell as appropriate
for day in range(n, total_days):
# find stocks that cross from below and check that they are out of cool down period
stocks_to_buy = np.where((m_day_MA[day - 1] < n_day_MA[day - 1]) & (m_day_MA[day] > n_day_MA[day]) & (cool_down_matrix[(day - cool_down_period - 1)] != 1))[0]
# if there are stocks to buy, buy them
if np.any(stocks_to_buy):
for stock in stocks_to_buy:
proc.buy(day, stock, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# indicate not to buy during cool down period
cool_down_matrix[(day - cool_down_period) : day, stocks_to_buy] = 1
# if it crosses from above, we sell
# find stocks that cross from above and check that they are out of cool down period
stocks_to_sell = np.where((m_day_MA[day - 1] > n_day_MA[day - 1]) & (m_day_MA[day] < n_day_MA[day]) & (cool_down_matrix[(day - cool_down_period - 1)] != 1))[0]
# if there are stocks to sell, buy them
if np.any(stocks_to_sell):
for stock in stocks_to_sell:
proc.sell(day, stock, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# indicate not to buy during cool down period
cool_down_matrix[(day - cool_down_period) : day, stocks_to_sell] = 1
# sell portfolio at end
for stock_number in range(N):
proc.sell(total_days - 1, stock_number, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# option to see plot
if plot == True:
for i in range(N):
plt.plot(stock_prices[:, i], label = f'Stock Price {i}')
plt.plot(n_day_MA[:, i], label = f'Stock {i} {n}-day MA')
plt.plot(m_day_MA[:, i], label = f'Stock {i} {m}-day MA')
plt.legend()
plt.xlabel('Time (days)')
plt.ylabel('Price ($)')
plt.title(f'{n}-day MA vs {m}-day MA')
plt.grid()
plt.show()
def crossing_averages(stock_prices,
fast_n=50,
slow_n=200,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_random.txt'):
"""
Decide by crossing average method.
Input:
stock_prices(ndarray): stock prices
fast_n: n of FMA
slow_n: n of SMA
amount: input amount
fees: fees of transaction
ledger: ledger file name
Output:
(FMA,SMA):(ndarray,ndarray) the ma indicator of this price.
"""
FMA = np.full_like(stock_prices, fill_value=None)
SMA = np.full_like(stock_prices, fill_value=None)
for stock_no in range(stock_prices.shape[1]):
FMA[fast_n - 1:,
stock_no] = indic.moving_average(stock_prices[:, stock_no], fast_n)
SMA[slow_n - 1:,
stock_no] = indic.moving_average(stock_prices[:, stock_no], slow_n)
actions_buy = np.where(FMA < SMA, 1, 0)
actions_sell = np.where(FMA > SMA, -1, 0)
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([amount] * stock_prices.shape[1],
stock_prices, fees, ledger)
for i in range(1, len(stock_prices)):
for stock_no, share in enumerate(portfolio):
# if share is -1, it means the company is bankruptcy
if share == -1:
continue
elif stock_prices[i, stock_no] is None:
# It defines that when element in portfolio is -1, it means never buy this company's stock.
portfolio[stock_no] = -1
continue
else:
if actions_buy[i, stock_no] == 1 and stock_prices[
i, stock_no] > stock_prices[i - 1, stock_no]:
proc.buy(i, stock_no, amount, stock_prices, fees,
portfolio, ledger)
elif actions_sell[i, stock_no] == 1 and stock_prices[
i, stock_no] < stock_prices[i - 1, stock_no]:
proc.sell(i, stock_no, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
# if at the last day, it remains stock, just sell them out
last_day = len(stock_prices) - 1
for stock_no, share in enumerate(portfolio):
if share > 0 and stock_prices[last_day, stock_no] is not None:
proc.sell(last_day,
stock_no,
stock_prices,
fees,
portfolio,
ledger_file=ledger)
return FMA, SMA
def momentum(stock_prices, osc_type = 'stochastic', lower = 0.25, upper = 0.75, n = 7, wait_time = 3, plot = False, smoothing_period = False, amount = 5000, fees = 20, ledger = 'momentum_ledger.txt'):
'''
Decide to sell shares in a portfolio when chosen oscillator is above upper threshold and buy when below lower threshold.
Only buys/sells after wait_time (days) and only buys/sells once every time threshold is crossed.
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
osc_type (str, default 'stochastic'): either 'stochastic' or 'RSI' to choose an oscillator.
lower (float, default 0.25): lower threshold
upper (float, default 0.75): upper threshold
n (int, default 7): period of the oscillator (in days).
wait_time (int, default 10): period (in days) to wait before buying/selling stock if price remains below/above threshold.
plot (boolean, default False): shows plot of oscillator if True.
smoothing_period (int, default = False): period of moving average to be applied to the oscillator.
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str, default 'crossing_average_ledger.txt'): path to the ledger file
Output: None
Example:
Perform momentum strategy with 7-day RSI with thresholds 0.2 and 0.8, 4-day wait time and no smoothing period on a given portfolio.
Returns None
>>> momentum(stock_price_data, osc_type = 'RSI', lower = 0.2, upper = 0.8, wait_time = 4)
'''
# get number of stocks and number of days
total_days, N = stock_prices.shape
# initialize portfolio
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio(N * [amount], stock_prices, fees, ledger)
# initialize oscillator array
oscillator = np.zeros(stock_prices.shape)
# get the oscillator for each stock
oscillator = ind.oscillator(stock_prices, n, osc_type, smoothing_period)
# get starting day of trading
if smoothing_period != False and smoothing_period != 0:
day_1 = n + smoothing_period - 1
else:
day_1 = n - 1
if wait_time > 0:
# initialize indicator matrix which indicates we can buy after waiting time
indicator_matrix = np.zeros(oscillator.shape)
# now loop through each day to decide whether to buy or sell and implement the wait time
for day in range(day_1, total_days):
# check if oscillator is below lower threshold and this is first time we cross threshold
stocks_to_buy_later = np.where((oscillator[day] < lower) & (oscillator[(day - 1)] >= lower))[0]
# indicate to buy later
indicator_matrix[day, stocks_to_buy_later] = 1
# check indicator matrix, if 1 and stock remained below threshold we buy
stocks_to_buy_now = np.where((indicator_matrix[(day - wait_time)] == 1) & (np.all(oscillator[(day - wait_time) : (day + 1)] < lower, axis = 0)))[0]
# if there are stocks to buy, buy them
if np.any(stocks_to_buy_now):
for stock in stocks_to_buy_now:
proc.buy(day, stock, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# check if oscillator is above upper threshold and this is first time we cross threshold
stocks_to_sell_later = np.where((oscillator[day] > upper) & (oscillator[(day - 1)] <= upper))[0]
# indicate to sell later
indicator_matrix[day, stocks_to_sell_later] = 1
# check indicator matrix, if 1 and stock remained below threshold we buy
stocks_to_sell_now = np.where((indicator_matrix[(day - wait_time)] == 1) & (np.all(oscillator[(day - wait_time) : (day + 1)] > upper, axis = 0)))[0]
# if there are stocks to sell, sell them
if np.any(stocks_to_sell_now) != 0:
for stock in stocks_to_sell_now:
proc.sell(day, stock, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
else:
# now loop through each day to decide whether to buy or sell and implement the wait time
for day in range(day_1, total_days):
# check if oscillator is below lower threshold and this is first time we cross threshold
stocks_to_buy_now = np.where((oscillator[day] < lower) & (oscillator[(day - 1)] >= lower ))[0]
# if there are stocks to buy, buy them
if np.any(stocks_to_buy_now):
for stock in stocks_to_buy_now:
proc.buy(day, stock, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# check if oscillator is above upper threshold and this is first time we cross threshold
stocks_to_sell_now = np.where((oscillator[day] > upper) & (oscillator[(day - 1)] <= upper))[0]
# if there are stocks to sell, sell them
if np.any(stocks_to_sell_now) != 0:
for stock in stocks_to_sell_now:
proc.sell(day, stock, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# sell portfolio at the end
for stock_number in range(N):
proc.sell(total_days - 1, stock_number, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
# option to plot oscillator with thresholds
if plot == True:
for i in range(N):
plt.plot(oscillator[:, i], label = f'Stock {i}')
plt.hlines(upper, n, total_days, colors = 'r', linestyles = '--', label = 'Upper')
plt.hlines(lower, n, total_days, colors = 'r', linestyles = '--', label = 'Lower')
plt.xlabel('Time (days)')
plt.ylabel('Value')
plt.legend()
plt.title(f'{osc_type} Oscillator, Upper Threshold = {upper}, Lower Threshold = {lower}')
plt.grid()
def crossing_averages(stock_prices,
n,
m,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
ledger='ledger_crossing_average.txt'):
'''
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
period (int, default 7): how often we buy/sell (days)
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
'''
num_stock = stock_prices.shape[1]
days = stock_prices.shape[0]
#create portfolio at day 0
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([amount] * num_stock,
stock_prices,
fees,
ledger=ledger)
#loop for each stock
for i in range(num_stock):
#to better compare the values of FMA and SMA, I force the length of them to be the number of days by adding n-1 "0"s in #the beginning of the FMA and SMA.
FMA = np.hstack(([0] * (n - 1),
ind.moving_average(stock_prices[:, i], n,
weights=[])))
SMA = np.hstack(([0] * (m - 1),
ind.moving_average(stock_prices[:, i], m,
weights=[])))
for j in range(m, days - 1):
if np.isnan(
FMA[j]
) == False: # FMA is not nan, then SMA is not nan (i.e. price is not nan)
if (FMA[j] - SMA[j]) * (FMA[j + 1] -
SMA[j + 1]) < 0: # a crossing occurs
if FMA[j + 1] > SMA[
j +
1]: # FMA crosses SMA from below, buy stock i at day j
proc.buy(j, i, amount, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
elif FMA[j + 1] < SMA[
j +
1]: # FMA crosses SMA from above, sell stock i at day j
proc.sell(j, i, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
else:
portfolio = portfolio
else: #sell at price 0
proc.sell(j, i, np.zeros((days, num_stock)), fees, portfolio,
ledger)
break
#then, if there are some remaining stocks, we sell them on the last day
for k in range(num_stock):
if portfolio[k] != 0:
proc.sell(days - 1, k, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
return None
def momentum(stock_prices,
threshold_high,
threshold_low,
amount=5000,
fees=20,
n=7,
m=5,
cool_period=7,
osc_type='stochastic',
ledger='ledger_momentum.txt'):
'''
Input:
stock_prices (ndarray): the stock price data
period (int, default 7): how often we buy/sell (days)
amount (float, default 5000): how much we spend on each purchase
(must cover fees)
fees (float, default 20): transaction fees
ledger (str): path to the ledger file
Output: None
general thought: buy only if it's stayed below the threshold for a number of consecutive m days,
sell only if it's stayed above the threshold for a number of consecutive m days.
'''
num_stock = stock_prices.shape[1]
days = stock_prices.shape[0]
#create portfolio at day 0
portfolio = proc.create_portfolio([amount] * num_stock,
stock_prices,
fees,
ledger=ledger)
for i in range(num_stock):
# to create a osc array with length of days, we add a array of all elements equal 0.5 to original osc.As 0.5<0.7
# and 0.5>0.3
osc = np.hstack(([0.5] * (n - 1),
ind.oscillator(stock_price=stock_prices[:, i],
n=n,
osc_type=osc_type)))
flag = 0 # count for cool_down period
for j in range(days - m + 2): # check from day 0 to day days-m+1
if flag > 0:
flag -= 1
continue
if np.all(np.isnan(osc[j:j +
m]) == False) == True: # there is no nan
# if from day j to day j+m-1, all osc> threshold_high, then sell the stock at day j+m-1
if np.all(osc[j:j + m] > threshold_high) == True:
proc.sell(j + m - 1, i, stock_prices, fees, portfolio,
ledger)
flag = cool_period
# if from day j to day j+m-1, all osc< threshold_low, then buy the stock at day j+m-1
elif np.all(osc[j:j + m] < threshold_low) == True: #buy
proc.buy(j + m - 1, i, amount, stock_prices, fees,
portfolio, ledger)
flag = cool_period
else:
portfolio = portfolio
else: # sell at priice 0
proc.sell(j, i, np.zeros((days, num_stock)), fees, portfolio,
ledger)
break
for k in range(num_stock):
if portfolio[k] != 0:
proc.sell(days - 1, k, stock_prices, fees, portfolio, ledger)
return None