def get_aspect_ratios2d(mesh, python=False):
"""
Computes the aspect ratio of each cell in a 2D triangular mesh
:arg mesh: the input mesh to do computations on
:kwarg python: compute the measure using Python?
:rtype: firedrake.function.Function aspect_ratios with
aspect ratio data
"""
P0 = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "DG", 0)
if python:
P0_ten = firedrake.TensorFunctionSpace(mesh, "DG", 0)
J = firedrake.interpolate(ufl.Jacobian(mesh), P0_ten)
edge1 = ufl.as_vector([J[0, 0], J[1, 0]])
edge2 = ufl.as_vector([J[0, 1], J[1, 1]])
edge3 = edge1 - edge2
a = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge1, edge1))
b = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge2, edge2))
c = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge3, edge3))
aspect_ratios = firedrake.interpolate(
a * b * c / ((a + b - c) * (b + c - a) * (c + a - b)), P0
)
else:
coords = mesh.coordinates
aspect_ratios = firedrake.Function(P0)
op2.par_loop(
get_pyop2_kernel("get_aspect_ratio", 2),
mesh.cell_set,
aspect_ratios.dat(op2.WRITE, aspect_ratios.cell_node_map()),
coords.dat(op2.READ, coords.cell_node_map()),
)
return aspect_ratios
def S(self, u_, p_, ivar=None, tang=False):
C_ = variable(self.kin.C(u_))
stress = constantvalue.zero((3, 3))
# volumetric (kinematic) growth
if self.mat_growth:
theta_ = ivar["theta"]
# material has to be evaluated with C_e only, however total S has
# to be computed by differentiating w.r.t. C (S = 2*dPsi/dC)
self.mat = materiallaw(self.C_e(C_, theta_), self.I)
else:
self.mat = materiallaw(C_, self.I)
m = 0
for matlaw in self.matmodels:
stress += self.add_stress_mat(matlaw, self.matparams[m], ivar, C_)
m += 1
# add remodeled material
if self.mat_growth and self.mat_remodel:
self.stress_base = stress
self.stress_remod = constantvalue.zero((3, 3))
m = 0
for matlaw in self.matmodels_remod:
self.stress_remod += self.add_stress_mat(
matlaw, self.matparams_remod[m], ivar, C_)
m += 1
# update the stress expression: S = (1-phi(theta)) * S_base + phi(theta) * S_remod
stress = (
1. - self.phi_remod(theta_)
) * self.stress_base + self.phi_remod(theta_) * self.stress_remod
# if we have p (hydr. pressure) as variable in a 2-field functional
if self.incompr_2field:
if self.mat_growth:
# TeX: S_{\mathrm{vol}} = -2 \frac{\partial[p(J^{\mathrm{e}}-1)]}{\partial \boldsymbol{C}}
stress += -2. * diff(
p_ * (sqrt(det(self.C_e(C_, theta_))) - 1.), C_)
else:
# TeX: S_{\mathrm{vol}} = -2 \frac{\partial[p(J-1)]}{\partial \boldsymbol{C}} = -Jp\boldsymbol{C}^{-1}
stress += -2. * diff(p_ * (sqrt(det(C_)) - 1.), C_)
if tang:
return 2. * diff(stress, C_)
else:
return stress
def tv_reg(lmda, mu, dx, R_lmda=1, R_mu=1, eps=1e-10):
grad_lamda = grad(lmda)
grad_mu = grad(mu)
integrand_lmda = R_lmda * sqrt(inner(grad_lamda, grad_lamda) + eps) * dx
integrand_mu = R_mu * sqrt(inner(grad_mu, grad_mu) + eps) * dx
return assemble(integrand_lmda + integrand_mu)
def rP(self, u, alpha, v, beta):
w_1 = self.w(1)
a = self.a
sigma = self.sigma
eps = u.dx(0)
return (sqrt(a(alpha))*sigma(v) + diff(a(alpha), alpha)/sqrt(a(alpha))*sigma(u)*beta)* \
(sqrt(a(alpha))*v.dx(0) + diff(a(alpha), alpha)/sqrt(a(alpha))*eps*beta) + \
2*w_1*self.ell ** 2 * beta.dx(0)*beta.dx(0)
def rP(self, u, alpha, v, beta):
w_1 = self.w(1)
a = self.a
sigma = self.sigma
eps = self.eps
return inner(sqrt(a(alpha))*sigma(v) + diff(a(alpha), alpha)/sqrt(a(alpha))*sigma(u)*beta,
sqrt(a(alpha))*eps(v) + diff(a(alpha), alpha)/sqrt(a(alpha))*eps(u)*beta) + \
2*w_1*self.ell ** 2 * dot(grad(beta), grad(beta))
def eigenstate_legacy(A):
"""Eigenvalues and eigenprojectors of the 3x3 (real-valued) tensor A.
Provides the spectral decomposition A = sum_{a=0}^{2} λ_a * E_a
with eigenvalues λ_a and their associated eigenprojectors E_a = n_a^R x n_a^L
ordered by magnitude.
The eigenprojectors of eigenvalues with multiplicity n are returned as 1/n-fold projector.
Note: Tensor A must not have complex eigenvalues!
"""
if ufl.shape(A) != (3, 3):
raise RuntimeError(
f"Tensor A of shape {ufl.shape(A)} != (3, 3) is not supported!")
#
eps = 1.0e-10
#
A = ufl.variable(A)
#
# --- determine eigenvalues λ0, λ1, λ2
#
# additively decompose: A = tr(A) / 3 * I + dev(A) = q * I + B
q = ufl.tr(A) / 3
B = A - q * ufl.Identity(3)
# observe: det(λI - A) = 0 with shift λ = q + ω --> det(ωI - B) = 0 = ω**3 - j * ω - b
j = ufl.tr(
B * B
) / 2 # == -I2(B) for trace-free B, j < 0 indicates A has complex eigenvalues
b = ufl.tr(B * B * B) / 3 # == I3(B) for trace-free B
# solve: 0 = ω**3 - j * ω - b by substitution ω = p * cos(phi)
# 0 = p**3 * cos**3(phi) - j * p * cos(phi) - b | * 4 / p**3
# 0 = 4 * cos**3(phi) - 3 * cos(phi) - 4 * b / p**3 | --> p := sqrt(j * 4 / 3)
# 0 = cos(3 * phi) - 4 * b / p**3
# 0 = cos(3 * phi) - r with -1 <= r <= +1
# phi_k = [acos(r) + (k + 1) * 2 * pi] / 3 for k = 0, 1, 2
p = 2 / ufl.sqrt(3) * ufl.sqrt(j + eps**2) # eps: MMM
r = 4 * b / p**3
r = ufl.Max(ufl.Min(r, +1 - eps), -1 + eps) # eps: LMM, MMH
phi = ufl.acos(r) / 3
# sorted eigenvalues: λ0 <= λ1 <= λ2
λ0 = q + p * ufl.cos(phi + 2 / 3 * ufl.pi) # low
λ1 = q + p * ufl.cos(phi + 4 / 3 * ufl.pi) # middle
λ2 = q + p * ufl.cos(phi) # high
#
# --- determine eigenprojectors E0, E1, E2
#
E0 = ufl.diff(λ0, A).T
E1 = ufl.diff(λ1, A).T
E2 = ufl.diff(λ2, A).T
#
return [λ0, λ1, λ2], [E0, E1, E2]
def freeEnergy(C, Cv):
J = sqrt(det(C))
I1 = tr(C)
Ce = C * inv(Cv)
Ie1 = tr(Ce)
Je = J / sqrt(det(Cv))
psiEq = (3**(1 - alph1) / (2.0 * alph1) * mu1 * (I1**alph1 - 3**alph1) +
3**(1 - alph2) / (2.0 * alph2) * mu2 * (I1**alph2 - 3**alph2) -
(mu1 + mu2) * ln(J) + mu_pr / 2 * (J - 1)**2)
psiNeq = (3**(1 - a1) / (2.0 * a1) * m1 * (Ie1**a1 - 3**a1) + 3**(1 - a2) /
(2.0 * a2) * m2 * (Ie1**a2 - 3**a2) - (m1 + m2) * ln(Je))
return psiEq + psiNeq
def test_nonlinear_pde():
"""Test Newton solver for a simple nonlinear PDE"""
# Create mesh and function space
mesh = dolfin.generation.UnitSquareMesh(dolfin.MPI.comm_world, 12, 15)
V = dolfin.function.FunctionSpace(mesh, ("Lagrange", 1))
u = dolfin.function.Function(V)
v = function.TestFunction(V)
F = inner(2.0, v) * dx - ufl.sqrt(u * u) * inner(
grad(u), grad(v)) * dx - inner(u, v) * dx
def boundary(x):
"""Define Dirichlet boundary (x = 0 or x = 1)."""
return np.logical_or(x[:, 0] < 1.0e-8, x[:, 0] > 1.0 - 1.0e-8)
u_bc = function.Function(V)
u_bc.vector().set(1.0)
u_bc.vector().update_ghosts()
bc = fem.DirichletBC(V, u_bc, boundary)
# Create nonlinear problem
problem = NonlinearPDEProblem(F, u, bc)
# Create Newton solver and solve
u.vector().set(0.9)
u.vector().update_ghosts()
solver = dolfin.cpp.nls.NewtonSolver(dolfin.MPI.comm_world)
n, converged = solver.solve(problem, u.vector())
assert converged
assert n < 6
def bessi0(x):
"""
Modified Bessel function of the first kind.
Code taken from
[Flannery et al. 1992] B.P. Flannery,
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W. Vetterling,
"Numerical recipes in C", Press Syndicate
of the University of Cambridge, New York
(1992).
"""
ax = abs(x)
y1 = x / 3.75
y1 *= y1
expr1 = 1.0 + y1 * (3.5156229 + y1 * (3.0899424 + y1 *
(1.2067492 + y1 *
(0.2659732 + y1 *
(0.360768e-1 + y1 * 0.45813e-2)))))
y2 = 3.75 / ax
expr2 = (ufl.exp(ax) / ufl.sqrt(ax) *
(0.39894228 + y2 *
(0.1328592e-1 + y2 *
(0.225319e-2 + y2 *
(-0.157565e-2 + y2 *
(0.916281e-2 + y2 *
(-0.2057706e-1 + y2 *
(0.2635537e-1 + y2 *
(-0.1647633e-1 + y2 * 0.392377e-2)))))))))
return ufl.conditional(ax < 3.75, expr1, expr2)
def readin_fibers(self, fibarray, V_fib, dx_):
# V_fib_input is function space the fiber vector is defined on (only CG1 or DG0 supported, add further depending on your input...)
if list(self.fiber_data.keys())[0] == 'nodal':
V_fib_input = VectorFunctionSpace(self.mesh, ("CG", 1))
elif list(self.fiber_data.keys())[0] == 'elemental':
V_fib_input = VectorFunctionSpace(self.mesh, ("DG", 0))
else:
raise AttributeError("Specify 'nodal' or 'elemental' for the fiber data input!")
fib_func = []
fib_func_input = []
si = 0
for s in fibarray:
fib_func_input.append(Function(V_fib_input, name='Fiber'+str(si+1)+'_input'))
self.readfunction(fib_func_input[si], V_fib_input, list(self.fiber_data.values())[0][si], normalize=True)
# project to output fiber function space
ff = project(fib_func_input[si], V_fib, dx_, bcs=[], nm='fib_'+s+'')
# assure that projected field still has unit length (not always necessarily the case)
fib_func.append(ff / sqrt(dot(ff,ff)))
## write input fiber field for checking...
#outfile = XDMFFile(self.comm, self.output_path+'/fiber'+str(si+1)+'_input.xdmf', 'w')
#outfile.write_mesh(self.mesh)
#outfile.write_function(fib_func_input[si])
si+=1
return fib_func
def bessk0(x):
"""
Modified Bessel function of the second kind.
Code taken from
[Flannery et al. 1992] B.P. Flannery,
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W. Vetterling,
"Numerical recipes in C", Press Syndicate
of the University of Cambridge, New York
(1992).
"""
y1 = x * x / 4.0
expr1 = -ufl.ln(x / 2.0) * bessi0(x) + (
-0.57721566 + y1 * (0.42278420 + y1 *
(0.23069756 + y1 *
(0.3488590e-1 + y1 *
(0.262698e-2 + y1 *
(0.10750e-3 + y1 * 0.74e-5))))))
y2 = 2.0 / x
expr2 = (ufl.exp(-x) / ufl.sqrt(x) *
(1.25331414 + y2 * (-0.7832358e-1 + y2 *
(0.2189568e-1 + y2 *
(-0.1062446e-1 + y2 *
(0.587872e-2 + y2 *
(-0.251540e-2 + y2 * 0.53208e-3)))))))
return ufl.conditional(x > 2, expr2, expr1)
def test_nonlinear_pde():
"""Test Newton solver for a simple nonlinear PDE"""
# Create mesh and function space
mesh = create_unit_square(MPI.COMM_WORLD, 12, 5)
V = FunctionSpace(mesh, ("Lagrange", 1))
u = Function(V)
v = TestFunction(V)
F = inner(5.0, v) * dx - ufl.sqrt(u * u) * inner(
grad(u), grad(v)) * dx - inner(u, v) * dx
bc = dirichletbc(PETSc.ScalarType(1.0),
locate_dofs_geometrical(V, lambda x: np.logical_or(np.isclose(x[0], 0.0),
np.isclose(x[0], 1.0))), V)
# Create nonlinear problem
problem = NonlinearPDEProblem(F, u, bc)
# Create Newton solver and solve
u.x.array[:] = 0.9
solver = _cpp.nls.NewtonSolver(MPI.COMM_WORLD)
solver.setF(problem.F, problem.vector())
solver.setJ(problem.J, problem.matrix())
solver.set_form(problem.form)
n, converged = solver.solve(u.vector)
assert converged
assert n < 6
# Modify boundary condition and solve again
bc.g.value[...] = 0.5
n, converged = solver.solve(u.vector)
assert converged
assert n > 0 and n < 6
def test_pack_coefficients():
"""Test packing of form coefficients ahead of main assembly call"""
mesh = create_unit_square(MPI.COMM_WORLD, 12, 15)
V = FunctionSpace(mesh, ("Lagrange", 1))
# Non-blocked
u = Function(V)
v = ufl.TestFunction(V)
c = Constant(mesh, PETSc.ScalarType(12.0))
F = ufl.inner(c, v) * dx - c * ufl.sqrt(u * u) * ufl.inner(u, v) * dx
u.x.array[:] = 10.0
_F = form(F)
# -- Test vector
b0 = assemble_vector(_F)
b0.assemble()
constants = pack_constants(_F)
coeffs = pack_coefficients(_F)
with b0.localForm() as _b0:
for c in [(None, None), (None, coeffs), (constants, None), (constants, coeffs)]:
b = assemble_vector(_F, coeffs=c)
b.assemble()
with b.localForm() as _b:
assert (_b0.array_r == _b.array_r).all()
# Change coefficients
constants *= 5.0
for coeff in coeffs.values():
coeff *= 5.0
with b0.localForm() as _b0:
for c in [(None, coeffs), (constants, None), (constants, coeffs)]:
b = assemble_vector(_F, coeffs=c)
b.assemble()
with b.localForm() as _b:
assert (_b0 - _b).norm() > 1.0e-5
# -- Test matrix
du = ufl.TrialFunction(V)
J = ufl.derivative(F, u, du)
J = form(J)
A0 = assemble_matrix(J)
A0.assemble()
constants = pack_constants(J)
coeffs = pack_coefficients(J)
for c in [(None, None), (None, coeffs), (constants, None), (constants, coeffs)]:
A = assemble_matrix(J, coeffs=c)
A.assemble()
assert pytest.approx((A - A0).norm(), 1.0e-12) == 0.0
# Change coefficients
constants *= 5.0
for coeff in coeffs.values():
coeff *= 5.0
for c in [(None, coeffs), (constants, None), (constants, coeffs)]:
A = assemble_matrix(J, coeffs=c)
A.assemble()
assert (A - A0).norm() > 1.0e-5
def sussmanbathe_vol(self, params, C):
kappa = params['kappa']
psi_vol = (kappa / 2.) * (sqrt(self.IIIc) - 1.)**2.
S = 2. * diff(psi_vol, C)
return S
def velocity_expression(theta_k, theta_kp1, dt):
theta_avg = avg(theta_k, theta_kp1, implicitness=.5)
velocity_form_ = (
(theta_kp1 - theta_k) / dt
/ ufl.sqrt(inner(grad(theta_avg), grad(theta_avg)) + DOLFIN_EPS)
)
return velocity_form_
def create_initial_conditions(x: ufl.geometry.SpatialCoordinate,
undercooling: float):
center = (0.0, 0.0)
radius = 8.0
epsilon = 1.0
values = [None, None]
# phase function
distance_function = (ufl.sqrt((x[0] - center[0])**2 +
(x[1] - center[1])**2) - radius)
values[0] = -ufl.operators.tanh(
distance_function / (ufl.sqrt(2.0) * epsilon)) # in range -1 : 1
# temperature
values[1] = undercooling
return ufl.as_vector(values)
def ogden_vol(self, params, C):
kappa = params['kappa']
psi_vol = (kappa / 4.) * (self.IIIc - 2. * ln(sqrt(self.IIIc)) - 1.)
S = 2. * diff(psi_vol, C)
return S
def test_complex_algebra(self):
z1 = ComplexValue(1j)
z2 = ComplexValue(1+1j)
# Remember that ufl.algebra functions return ComplexValues, but ufl.mathfunctions return complex Python scalar
# Any operations with a ComplexValue and a complex Python scalar promote to ComplexValue
assert z1*z2 == ComplexValue(-1+1j)
assert z2/z1 == ComplexValue(1-1j)
assert pow(z2, z1) == ComplexValue((1+1j)**1j)
assert sqrt(z2) * as_ufl(1) == ComplexValue(cmath.sqrt(1+1j))
assert ((sin(z2) + cosh(z2) - atan(z2)) * z1) == ComplexValue((cmath.sin(1+1j) + cmath.cosh(1+1j) - cmath.atan(1+1j))*1j)
assert (abs(z2) - ln(z2))/exp(z1) == ComplexValue((abs(1+1j) - cmath.log(1+1j))/cmath.exp(1j))
def errornorm(u, uh, norm_type="L2", **kwargs):
r"""
Overload Firedrake's ``errornorm`` function
to allow for :math:`\ell^p` norms.
Note that this version is case sensitive,
i.e. ``'l2'`` and ``'L2'`` will give
different results in general.
:arg u: the 'true' value
:arg uh: the approximation of the 'truth'
:kwarg norm_type: choose from 'l1', 'l2', 'linf',
'L2', 'Linf', 'H1', 'Hdiv', 'Hcurl', or any
'Lp' with :math:`p >= 1`.
:kwarg boundary: should the norm be computed over
the domain boundary?
"""
if len(u.ufl_shape) != len(uh.ufl_shape):
raise RuntimeError("Mismatching rank between u and uh")
if not isinstance(uh, firedrake.Function):
raise ValueError("uh should be a Function, is a %r", type(uh))
if norm_type[0] == "l":
if not isinstance(u, firedrake.Function):
raise ValueError("u should be a Function, is a %r", type(uh))
if isinstance(u, firedrake.Function):
degree_u = u.function_space().ufl_element().degree()
degree_uh = uh.function_space().ufl_element().degree()
if degree_uh > degree_u:
firedrake.logging.warning(
"Degree of exact solution less than approximation degree"
)
# Case 1: point-wise norms
if norm_type[0] == "l":
v = u
v -= uh
# Case 2: UFL norms for mixed function spaces
elif hasattr(uh.function_space(), "num_sub_spaces"):
if norm_type[1:] == "2":
vv = [uu - uuh for uu, uuh in zip(u.split(), uh.split())]
dX = ufl.ds if kwargs.get("boundary", False) else ufl.dx
return ufl.sqrt(firedrake.assemble(sum([ufl.inner(v, v) for v in vv]) * dX))
else:
raise NotImplementedError
# Case 3: UFL norms for non-mixed spaces
else:
v = u - uh
return norm(v, norm_type=norm_type, **kwargs)
def a(phi):
# phi = 1e5*phi
n = ufl.grad(phi) / ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(ufl.grad(phi), ufl.grad(phi)) + 1e-5)
theta = ufl.atan_2(n[1], n[0])
n = 1e5 * n + ufl.as_vector([1e-5, 1e-5])
xx = n[1] / n[0]
# theta = ufl.asin(xx/ ufl.sqrt(1 + xx**2))
theta = ufl.atan(xx)
return 1.0 + epsilon_4 * ufl.cos(m * (theta - theta_0))
def test_nonlinear_pde_snes():
"""Test Newton solver for a simple nonlinear PDE"""
# Create mesh and function space
mesh = dolfinx.generation.UnitSquareMesh(MPI.COMM_WORLD, 12, 15)
V = function.FunctionSpace(mesh, ("Lagrange", 1))
u = function.Function(V)
v = TestFunction(V)
F = inner(5.0, v) * dx - ufl.sqrt(u * u) * inner(
grad(u), grad(v)) * dx - inner(u, v) * dx
def boundary(x):
"""Define Dirichlet boundary (x = 0 or x = 1)."""
return np.logical_or(x[0] < 1.0e-8, x[0] > 1.0 - 1.0e-8)
u_bc = function.Function(V)
u_bc.vector.set(1.0)
u_bc.vector.ghostUpdate(addv=PETSc.InsertMode.INSERT,
mode=PETSc.ScatterMode.FORWARD)
bc = fem.DirichletBC(u_bc, fem.locate_dofs_geometrical(V, boundary))
# Create nonlinear problem
problem = NonlinearPDE_SNESProblem(F, u, bc)
u.vector.set(0.9)
u.vector.ghostUpdate(addv=PETSc.InsertMode.INSERT,
mode=PETSc.ScatterMode.FORWARD)
b = dolfinx.cpp.la.create_vector(V.dofmap.index_map)
J = dolfinx.cpp.fem.create_matrix(problem.a_comp._cpp_object)
# Create Newton solver and solve
snes = PETSc.SNES().create()
snes.setFunction(problem.F, b)
snes.setJacobian(problem.J, J)
snes.setTolerances(rtol=1.0e-9, max_it=10)
snes.getKSP().setType("preonly")
snes.getKSP().setTolerances(rtol=1.0e-9)
snes.getKSP().getPC().setType("lu")
snes.getKSP().getPC().setFactorSolverType("superlu_dist")
snes.solve(None, u.vector)
assert snes.getConvergedReason() > 0
assert snes.getIterationNumber() < 6
# Modify boundary condition and solve again
u_bc.vector.set(0.5)
u_bc.vector.ghostUpdate(addv=PETSc.InsertMode.INSERT,
mode=PETSc.ScatterMode.FORWARD)
snes.solve(None, u.vector)
assert snes.getConvergedReason() > 0
assert snes.getIterationNumber() < 6
def test_latex_formatting_of_cmath():
x = ufl.SpatialCoordinate(ufl.triangle)[0]
assert expr2latex(ufl.exp(x)) == r"e^{x_0}"
assert expr2latex(ufl.ln(x)) == r"\ln(x_0)"
assert expr2latex(ufl.sqrt(x)) == r"\sqrt{x_0}"
assert expr2latex(abs(x)) == r"\|x_0\|"
assert expr2latex(ufl.sin(x)) == r"\sin(x_0)"
assert expr2latex(ufl.cos(x)) == r"\cos(x_0)"
assert expr2latex(ufl.tan(x)) == r"\tan(x_0)"
assert expr2latex(ufl.asin(x)) == r"\arcsin(x_0)"
assert expr2latex(ufl.acos(x)) == r"\arccos(x_0)"
assert expr2latex(ufl.atan(x)) == r"\arctan(x_0)"
def norm(v, norm_type="L2", mesh=None):
"""Compute the norm of ``v``.
:arg v: a :class:`.Function` to compute the norm of
:arg norm_type: the type of norm to compute, see below for
options.
:arg mesh: an optional mesh on which to compute the norm
(currently ignored).
Available norm types are:
* L2
.. math::
||v||_{L^2}^2 = \int (v, v) \mathrm{d}x
* H1
.. math::
||v||_{H^1}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla v, \\nabla v) \mathrm{d}x
* Hdiv
.. math::
||v||_{H_\mathrm{div}}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla\cdot v, \\nabla \cdot v) \mathrm{d}x
* Hcurl
.. math::
||v||_{H_\mathrm{curl}}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla \wedge v, \\nabla \wedge v) \mathrm{d}x
"""
assert isinstance(v, function.Function)
typ = norm_type.lower()
mesh = v.function_space().mesh()
dx = mesh._dx
if typ == 'l2':
form = inner(v, v)*dx
elif typ == 'h1':
form = inner(v, v)*dx + inner(grad(v), grad(v))*dx
elif typ == "hdiv":
form = inner(v, v)*dx + div(v)*div(v)*dx
elif typ == "hcurl":
form = inner(v, v)*dx + inner(curl(v), curl(v))*dx
else:
raise RuntimeError("Unknown norm type '%s'" % norm_type)
return sqrt(solving.assemble(form))
def norm(v, norm_type="L2", mesh=None):
"""Compute the norm of ``v``.
:arg v: a :class:`.Function` to compute the norm of
:arg norm_type: the type of norm to compute, see below for
options.
:arg mesh: an optional mesh on which to compute the norm
(currently ignored).
Available norm types are:
* L2
.. math::
||v||_{L^2}^2 = \int (v, v) \mathrm{d}x
* H1
.. math::
||v||_{H^1}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla v, \\nabla v) \mathrm{d}x
* Hdiv
.. math::
||v||_{H_\mathrm{div}}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla\cdot v, \\nabla \cdot v) \mathrm{d}x
* Hcurl
.. math::
||v||_{H_\mathrm{curl}}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla \wedge v, \\nabla \wedge v) \mathrm{d}x
"""
assert isinstance(v, function.Function)
typ = norm_type.lower()
mesh = v.function_space().mesh()
dx = mesh._dx
if typ == 'l2':
form = inner(v, v)*dx
elif typ == 'h1':
form = inner(v, v)*dx + inner(grad(v), grad(v))*dx
elif typ == "hdiv":
form = inner(v, v)*dx + div(v)*div(v)*dx
elif typ == "hcurl":
form = inner(v, v)*dx + inner(curl(v), curl(v))*dx
else:
raise RuntimeError("Unknown norm type '%s'" % norm_type)
return sqrt(assemble(form))
def norm(v, norm_type="L2", degree=None):
"""Compute the norm of ``v``.
:arg v: a ufl expression (:class:`~.ufl.classes.Expr`) to compute the norm of
:arg norm_type: the type of norm to compute, see below for
options.
Available norm types are:
* L2
.. math::
||v||_{L^2}^2 = \int (v, v) \mathrm{d}x
* H1
.. math::
||v||_{H^1}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla v, \\nabla v) \mathrm{d}x
* Hdiv
.. math::
||v||_{H_\mathrm{div}}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla\cdot v, \\nabla \cdot v) \mathrm{d}x
* Hcurl
.. math::
||v||_{H_\mathrm{curl}}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla \wedge v, \\nabla \wedge v) \mathrm{d}x
"""
if not degree == None:
dxn = dx(2 * degree + 1)
else:
dxn = dx
typ = norm_type.lower()
if typ == 'l2':
form = inner(v, v) * dxn
elif typ == 'h1':
form = inner(v, v) * dxn + inner(grad(v), grad(v)) * dxn
elif typ == "hdiv":
form = inner(v, v) * dxn + div(v) * div(v) * dxn
elif typ == "hcurl":
form = inner(v, v) * dxn + inner(curl(v), curl(v)) * dxn
else:
raise RuntimeError("Unknown norm type '%s'" % norm_type)
normform = ZeroForm(form)
return sqrt(normform.assembleform())
def physical_edge_lengths(self):
expr = ufl.classes.CellEdgeVectors(self.mt.terminal.ufl_domain())
if self.mt.restriction == '+':
expr = PositiveRestricted(expr)
elif self.mt.restriction == '-':
expr = NegativeRestricted(expr)
expr = ufl.as_vector([ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(expr[i, :], expr[i, :])) for i in range(3)])
expr = preprocess_expression(expr)
config = {"point_set": PointSingleton([1/3, 1/3])}
config.update(self.config)
context = PointSetContext(**config)
return map_expr_dag(context.translator, expr)
def test_cpp_formatting_of_cmath():
x, y = ufl.SpatialCoordinate(ufl.triangle)
# Test cmath functions
assert expr2cpp(ufl.exp(x)) == "exp(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(ufl.ln(x)) == "log(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(ufl.sqrt(x)) == "sqrt(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(abs(x)) == "fabs(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(ufl.sin(x)) == "sin(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(ufl.cos(x)) == "cos(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(ufl.tan(x)) == "tan(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(ufl.asin(x)) == "asin(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(ufl.acos(x)) == "acos(x[0])"
assert expr2cpp(ufl.atan(x)) == "atan(x[0])"
def test_estimated_degree():
cell = ufl.tetrahedron
mesh = ufl.Mesh(ufl.VectorElement('P', cell, 1))
V = ufl.FunctionSpace(mesh, ufl.FiniteElement('P', cell, 1))
f = ufl.Coefficient(V)
u = ufl.TrialFunction(V)
v = ufl.TestFunction(V)
a = u * v * ufl.tanh(ufl.sqrt(ufl.sinh(f) / ufl.sin(f**f))) * ufl.dx
handler = MockHandler()
logger.addHandler(handler)
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
compile_form(a)
logger.removeHandler(handler)
def get_scaled_jacobians2d(mesh, python=False):
"""
Computes the scaled Jacobian of each cell in a 2D triangular mesh
:arg mesh: the input mesh to do computations on
:kwarg python: compute the measure using Python?
:rtype: firedrake.function.Function scaled_jacobians with scaled
jacobian data.
"""
P0 = firedrake.FunctionSpace(mesh, "DG", 0)
if python:
P0_ten = firedrake.TensorFunctionSpace(mesh, "DG", 0)
J = firedrake.interpolate(ufl.Jacobian(mesh), P0_ten)
edge1 = ufl.as_vector([J[0, 0], J[1, 0]])
edge2 = ufl.as_vector([J[0, 1], J[1, 1]])
edge3 = edge1 - edge2
a = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge1, edge1))
b = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge2, edge2))
c = ufl.sqrt(ufl.dot(edge3, edge3))
detJ = ufl.JacobianDeterminant(mesh)
jacobian_sign = ufl.sign(detJ)
max_product = ufl.Max(
ufl.Max(ufl.Max(a * b, a * c), ufl.Max(b * c, b * a)), ufl.Max(c * a, c * b)
)
scaled_jacobians = firedrake.interpolate(detJ / max_product * jacobian_sign, P0)
else:
coords = mesh.coordinates
scaled_jacobians = firedrake.Function(P0)
op2.par_loop(
get_pyop2_kernel("get_scaled_jacobian", 2),
mesh.cell_set,
scaled_jacobians.dat(op2.WRITE, scaled_jacobians.cell_node_map()),
coords.dat(op2.READ, coords.cell_node_map()),
)
return scaled_jacobians
def norm(v, norm_type="L2", mesh=None):
"""Compute the norm of ``v``.
:arg v: a ufl expression (:class:`~.ufl.classes.Expr`) to compute the norm of
:arg norm_type: the type of norm to compute, see below for
options.
:arg mesh: an optional mesh on which to compute the norm
(currently ignored).
Available norm types are:
* L2
.. math::
||v||_{L^2}^2 = \int (v, v) \mathrm{d}x
* H1
.. math::
||v||_{H^1}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla v, \\nabla v) \mathrm{d}x
* Hdiv
.. math::
||v||_{H_\mathrm{div}}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla\cdot v, \\nabla \cdot v) \mathrm{d}x
* Hcurl
.. math::
||v||_{H_\mathrm{curl}}^2 = \int (v, v) + (\\nabla \wedge v, \\nabla \wedge v) \mathrm{d}x
"""
typ = norm_type.lower()
if typ == 'l2':
form = inner(v, v)*dx
elif typ == 'h1':
form = inner(v, v)*dx + inner(grad(v), grad(v))*dx
elif typ == "hdiv":
form = inner(v, v)*dx + div(v)*div(v)*dx
elif typ == "hcurl":
form = inner(v, v)*dx + inner(curl(v), curl(v))*dx
else:
raise RuntimeError("Unknown norm type '%s'" % norm_type)
return sqrt(assemble(form))
def compute_error(u1, u2):
# Reference mesh
mesh_resolution_ref = 500
mesh_ref = UnitIntervalMesh(mesh_resolution_ref)
# Reference function space
V_ref = FunctionSpace(mesh_ref, "CG", 1)
# Evaluate the input functions on the reference mesh
Iu1 = interpolate(u1, V_ref)
Iu2 = interpolate(u2, V_ref)
# Compute the error
e = Iu1 - Iu2
error = sqrt(assemble(e * e * dx))
return error
def strain_energy(i1, i2, i3):
"""Strain energy function
i1, i2, i3: principal invariants of the Cauchy-Green tensor
"""
# Determinant of configuration gradient F
J = ufl.sqrt(i3) # noqa: F841
#
# Classical St. Venant-Kirchhoff
# Ψ = la / 8 * (i1 - 3)**2 + mu / 4 * ((i1 - 3)**2 + 4 * (i1 - 3) - 2 * (i2 - 3))
# Modified St. Venant-Kirchhoff
# Ψ = la / 2 * (ufl.ln(J))**2 + mu / 4 * ((i1 - 3)**2 + 4 * (i1 - 3) - 2 * (i2 - 3))
# Compressible neo-Hooke
Ψ = mu / 2 * (i1 - 3 - 2 * ufl.ln(J)) + la / 2 * (J - 1)**2
# Compressible Mooney-Rivlin (beta = 0)
# Ψ = mu / 4 * (i1 - 3) + mu / 4 * (i2 - 3) - mu * ufl.ln(J) + la / 2 * (J - 1)**2
#
return Ψ
def __init__(self, mesh, Vh, prior, misfit, simulation_times,
wind_velocity, gls_stab):
self.mesh = mesh
self.Vh = Vh
self.prior = prior
self.misfit = misfit
# Assume constant timestepping
self.simulation_times = simulation_times
dt = simulation_times[1] - simulation_times[0]
u = dl.TrialFunction(Vh[STATE])
v = dl.TestFunction(Vh[STATE])
kappa = dl.Constant(.001)
dt_expr = dl.Constant(dt)
r_trial = u + dt_expr * (-ufl.div(kappa * ufl.grad(u)) +
ufl.inner(wind_velocity, ufl.grad(u)))
r_test = v + dt_expr * (-ufl.div(kappa * ufl.grad(v)) +
ufl.inner(wind_velocity, ufl.grad(v)))
h = dl.CellDiameter(mesh)
vnorm = ufl.sqrt(ufl.inner(wind_velocity, wind_velocity))
if gls_stab:
tau = ufl.min_value((h * h) / (dl.Constant(2.) * kappa), h / vnorm)
else:
tau = dl.Constant(0.)
self.M = dl.assemble(ufl.inner(u, v) * dl.dx)
self.M_stab = dl.assemble(ufl.inner(u, v + tau * r_test) * dl.dx)
self.Mt_stab = dl.assemble(ufl.inner(u + tau * r_trial, v) * dl.dx)
Nvarf = (ufl.inner(kappa * ufl.grad(u), ufl.grad(v)) +
ufl.inner(wind_velocity, ufl.grad(u)) * v) * dl.dx
Ntvarf = (ufl.inner(kappa * ufl.grad(v), ufl.grad(u)) +
ufl.inner(wind_velocity, ufl.grad(v)) * u) * dl.dx
self.N = dl.assemble(Nvarf)
self.Nt = dl.assemble(Ntvarf)
stab = dl.assemble(tau * ufl.inner(r_trial, r_test) * dl.dx)
self.L = self.M + dt * self.N + stab
self.Lt = self.M + dt * self.Nt + stab
self.solver = dl.PETScLUSolver(dl.as_backend_type(self.L))
self.solvert = dl.PETScLUSolver(dl.as_backend_type(self.Lt))
# Part of model public API
self.gauss_newton_approx = False
def rhs(states, time, parameters, dy=None):
"""
Compute right hand side
"""
# Imports
import ufl
import dolfin
# Assign states
assert(isinstance(states, dolfin.Function))
assert(states.function_space().depth() == 1)
assert(states.function_space().num_sub_spaces() == 17)
Xr1, Xr2, Xs, m, h, j, d, f, fCa, s, r, Ca_SR, Ca_i, g, Na_i, V, K_i =\
dolfin.split(states)
# Assign parameters
assert(isinstance(parameters, (dolfin.Function, dolfin.Constant)))
if isinstance(parameters, dolfin.Function):
assert(parameters.function_space().depth() == 1)
assert(parameters.function_space().num_sub_spaces() == 45)
else:
assert(parameters.value_size() == 45)
P_kna, g_K1, g_Kr, g_Ks, g_Na, g_bna, g_CaL, g_bca, g_to, K_mNa, K_mk,\
P_NaK, K_NaCa, K_sat, Km_Ca, Km_Nai, alpha, gamma, K_pCa, g_pCa,\
g_pK, Buf_c, Buf_sr, Ca_o, K_buf_c, K_buf_sr, K_up, V_leak, V_sr,\
Vmax_up, a_rel, b_rel, c_rel, tau_g, Na_o, Cm, F, R, T, V_c,\
stim_amplitude, stim_duration, stim_period, stim_start, K_o =\
dolfin.split(parameters)
# Reversal potentials
E_Na = R*T*ufl.ln(Na_o/Na_i)/F
E_K = R*T*ufl.ln(K_o/K_i)/F
E_Ks = R*T*ufl.ln((Na_o*P_kna + K_o)/(Na_i*P_kna + K_i))/F
E_Ca = 0.5*R*T*ufl.ln(Ca_o/Ca_i)/F
# Inward rectifier potassium current
alpha_K1 = 0.1/(1.0 + 6.14421235332821e-6*ufl.exp(0.06*V - 0.06*E_K))
beta_K1 = (3.06060402008027*ufl.exp(0.0002*V - 0.0002*E_K) +\
0.367879441171442*ufl.exp(0.1*V - 0.1*E_K))/(1.0 + ufl.exp(0.5*E_K -\
0.5*V))
xK1_inf = alpha_K1/(alpha_K1 + beta_K1)
i_K1 = 0.430331482911935*ufl.sqrt(K_o)*(-E_K + V)*g_K1*xK1_inf
# Rapid time dependent potassium current
i_Kr = 0.430331482911935*ufl.sqrt(K_o)*(-E_K + V)*Xr1*Xr2*g_Kr
# Rapid time dependent potassium current xr1 gate
xr1_inf = 1.0/(1.0 + 0.0243728440732796*ufl.exp(-0.142857142857143*V))
alpha_xr1 = 450.0/(1.0 + ufl.exp(-9/2 - V/10.0))
beta_xr1 = 6.0/(1.0 + 13.5813245225782*ufl.exp(0.0869565217391304*V))
tau_xr1 = alpha_xr1*beta_xr1
# Rapid time dependent potassium current xr2 gate
xr2_inf = 1.0/(1.0 + 39.1212839981532*ufl.exp(0.0416666666666667*V))
alpha_xr2 = 3.0/(1.0 + 0.0497870683678639*ufl.exp(-0.05*V))
beta_xr2 = 1.12/(1.0 + 0.0497870683678639*ufl.exp(0.05*V))
tau_xr2 = alpha_xr2*beta_xr2
# Slow time dependent potassium current
i_Ks = (Xs*Xs)*(V - E_Ks)*g_Ks
# Slow time dependent potassium current xs gate
xs_inf = 1.0/(1.0 + 0.69967253737513*ufl.exp(-0.0714285714285714*V))
alpha_xs = 1100.0/ufl.sqrt(1.0 +\
0.188875602837562*ufl.exp(-0.166666666666667*V))
beta_xs = 1.0/(1.0 + 0.0497870683678639*ufl.exp(0.05*V))
tau_xs = alpha_xs*beta_xs
# Fast sodium current
i_Na = (m*m*m)*(-E_Na + V)*g_Na*h*j
# Fast sodium current m gate
m_inf = 1.0/((1.0 +\
0.00184221158116513*ufl.exp(-0.110741971207087*V))*(1.0 +\
0.00184221158116513*ufl.exp(-0.110741971207087*V)))
alpha_m = 1.0/(1.0 + ufl.exp(-12.0 - V/5.0))
beta_m = 0.1/(1.0 + 0.778800783071405*ufl.exp(0.005*V)) + 0.1/(1.0 +\
ufl.exp(7.0 + V/5.0))
tau_m = alpha_m*beta_m
# Fast sodium current h gate
h_inf = 1.0/((1.0 + 15212.5932856544*ufl.exp(0.134589502018843*V))*(1.0 +\
15212.5932856544*ufl.exp(0.134589502018843*V)))
alpha_h = 4.43126792958051e-7*ufl.exp(-0.147058823529412*V)/(1.0 +\
2.3538526683702e+17*ufl.exp(1.0*V))
beta_h = (310000.0*ufl.exp(0.3485*V) + 2.7*ufl.exp(0.079*V))/(1.0 +\
2.3538526683702e+17*ufl.exp(1.0*V)) + 0.77*(1.0 - 1.0/(1.0 +\
2.3538526683702e+17*ufl.exp(1.0*V)))/(0.13 +\
0.0497581410839387*ufl.exp(-0.0900900900900901*V))
tau_h = 1.0/(alpha_h + beta_h)
# Fast sodium current j gate
j_inf = 1.0/((1.0 + 15212.5932856544*ufl.exp(0.134589502018843*V))*(1.0 +\
15212.5932856544*ufl.exp(0.134589502018843*V)))
alpha_j = (37.78 + V)*(-6.948e-6*ufl.exp(-0.04391*V) -\
25428.0*ufl.exp(0.2444*V))/((1.0 +\
2.3538526683702e+17*ufl.exp(1.0*V))*(1.0 +\
50262745825.954*ufl.exp(0.311*V)))
beta_j = 0.6*(1.0 - 1.0/(1.0 +\
2.3538526683702e+17*ufl.exp(1.0*V)))*ufl.exp(0.057*V)/(1.0 +\
0.0407622039783662*ufl.exp(-0.1*V)) +\
0.02424*ufl.exp(-0.01052*V)/((1.0 +\
2.3538526683702e+17*ufl.exp(1.0*V))*(1.0 +\
0.00396086833990426*ufl.exp(-0.1378*V)))
tau_j = 1.0/(alpha_j + beta_j)
# Sodium background current
i_b_Na = (-E_Na + V)*g_bna
# L type ca current
i_CaL = 4.0*(F*F)*(-0.341*Ca_o +\
Ca_i*ufl.exp(2.0*F*V/(R*T)))*V*d*f*fCa*g_CaL/((-1.0 +\
ufl.exp(2.0*F*V/(R*T)))*R*T)
# L type ca current d gate
d_inf = 1.0/(1.0 + 0.513417119032592*ufl.exp(-0.133333333333333*V))
alpha_d = 0.25 + 1.4/(1.0 +\
0.0677244716592409*ufl.exp(-0.0769230769230769*V))
beta_d = 1.4/(1.0 + ufl.exp(1.0 + V/5.0))
gamma_d = 1.0/(1.0 + 12.1824939607035*ufl.exp(-0.05*V))
tau_d = gamma_d + alpha_d*beta_d
# L type ca current f gate
f_inf = 1.0/(1.0 + 17.4117080633276*ufl.exp(0.142857142857143*V))
tau_f = 80.0 + 165.0/(1.0 + ufl.exp(5/2 - V/10.0)) +\
1125.0*ufl.exp(-0.00416666666666667*((27.0 + V)*(27.0 + V)))
# L type ca current fca gate
alpha_fCa = 1.0/(1.0 + 8.03402376701711e+27*ufl.elem_pow(Ca_i, 8.0))
beta_fCa = 0.1/(1.0 + 0.00673794699908547*ufl.exp(10000.0*Ca_i))
gama_fCa = 0.2/(1.0 + 0.391605626676799*ufl.exp(1250.0*Ca_i))
fCa_inf = 0.157534246575342 + 0.684931506849315*gama_fCa +\
0.684931506849315*beta_fCa + 0.684931506849315*alpha_fCa
tau_fCa = 2.0
d_fCa = (-fCa + fCa_inf)/tau_fCa
# Calcium background current
i_b_Ca = (V - E_Ca)*g_bca
# Transient outward current
i_to = (-E_K + V)*g_to*r*s
# Transient outward current s gate
s_inf = 1.0/(1.0 + ufl.exp(4.0 + V/5.0))
tau_s = 3.0 + 85.0*ufl.exp(-0.003125*((45.0 + V)*(45.0 + V))) + 5.0/(1.0 +\
ufl.exp(-4.0 + V/5.0))
# Transient outward current r gate
r_inf = 1.0/(1.0 + 28.0316248945261*ufl.exp(-0.166666666666667*V))
tau_r = 0.8 + 9.5*ufl.exp(-0.000555555555555556*((40.0 + V)*(40.0 + V)))
# Sodium potassium pump current
i_NaK = K_o*Na_i*P_NaK/((K_mk + K_o)*(Na_i + K_mNa)*(1.0 +\
0.0353*ufl.exp(-F*V/(R*T)) + 0.1245*ufl.exp(-0.1*F*V/(R*T))))
# Sodium calcium exchanger current
i_NaCa = (-(Na_o*Na_o*Na_o)*Ca_i*alpha*ufl.exp((-1.0 + gamma)*F*V/(R*T))\
+ (Na_i*Na_i*Na_i)*Ca_o*ufl.exp(F*V*gamma/(R*T)))*K_NaCa/((1.0 +\
K_sat*ufl.exp((-1.0 + gamma)*F*V/(R*T)))*((Na_o*Na_o*Na_o) +\
(Km_Nai*Km_Nai*Km_Nai))*(Km_Ca + Ca_o))
# Calcium pump current
i_p_Ca = Ca_i*g_pCa/(K_pCa + Ca_i)
# Potassium pump current
i_p_K = (-E_K + V)*g_pK/(1.0 +\
65.4052157419383*ufl.exp(-0.167224080267559*V))
# Calcium dynamics
i_rel = ((Ca_SR*Ca_SR)*a_rel/((Ca_SR*Ca_SR) + (b_rel*b_rel)) + c_rel)*d*g
i_up = Vmax_up/(1.0 + (K_up*K_up)/(Ca_i*Ca_i))
i_leak = (-Ca_i + Ca_SR)*V_leak
g_inf = (1.0 - 1.0/(1.0 + 0.0301973834223185*ufl.exp(10000.0*Ca_i)))/(1.0 +\
1.97201988740492e+55*ufl.elem_pow(Ca_i, 16.0)) + 1.0/((1.0 +\
0.0301973834223185*ufl.exp(10000.0*Ca_i))*(1.0 +\
5.43991024148102e+20*ufl.elem_pow(Ca_i, 6.0)))
d_g = (-g + g_inf)/tau_g
Ca_i_bufc = 1.0/(1.0 + Buf_c*K_buf_c/((K_buf_c + Ca_i)*(K_buf_c + Ca_i)))
Ca_sr_bufsr = 1.0/(1.0 + Buf_sr*K_buf_sr/((K_buf_sr + Ca_SR)*(K_buf_sr +\
Ca_SR)))
# Sodium dynamics
# Membrane
i_Stim = -(1.0 - 1.0/(1.0 + ufl.exp(-5.0*stim_start +\
5.0*time)))*stim_amplitude/(1.0 + ufl.exp(-5.0*stim_start + 5.0*time\
- 5.0*stim_duration))
# Potassium dynamics
# The ODE system: 17 states
# Init test function
_v = dolfin.TestFunction(states.function_space())
# Derivative for state Xr1
dy = ((-Xr1 + xr1_inf)/tau_xr1)*_v[0]
# Derivative for state Xr2
dy += ((-Xr2 + xr2_inf)/tau_xr2)*_v[1]
# Derivative for state Xs
dy += ((-Xs + xs_inf)/tau_xs)*_v[2]
# Derivative for state m
dy += ((-m + m_inf)/tau_m)*_v[3]
# Derivative for state h
dy += ((-h + h_inf)/tau_h)*_v[4]
# Derivative for state j
dy += ((j_inf - j)/tau_j)*_v[5]
# Derivative for state d
dy += ((d_inf - d)/tau_d)*_v[6]
# Derivative for state f
dy += ((-f + f_inf)/tau_f)*_v[7]
# Derivative for state fCa
dy += ((1.0 - 1.0/((1.0 + ufl.exp(60.0 + V))*(1.0 + ufl.exp(-10.0*fCa +\
10.0*fCa_inf))))*d_fCa)*_v[8]
# Derivative for state s
dy += ((-s + s_inf)/tau_s)*_v[9]
# Derivative for state r
dy += ((-r + r_inf)/tau_r)*_v[10]
# Derivative for state Ca_SR
dy += ((-i_leak + i_up - i_rel)*Ca_sr_bufsr*V_c/V_sr)*_v[11]
# Derivative for state Ca_i
dy += ((-i_up - (i_CaL + i_p_Ca + i_b_Ca - 2.0*i_NaCa)*Cm/(2.0*F*V_c) +\
i_leak + i_rel)*Ca_i_bufc)*_v[12]
# Derivative for state g
dy += ((1.0 - 1.0/((1.0 + ufl.exp(60.0 + V))*(1.0 + ufl.exp(-10.0*g +\
10.0*g_inf))))*d_g)*_v[13]
# Derivative for state Na_i
dy += ((-3.0*i_NaK - 3.0*i_NaCa - i_Na - i_b_Na)*Cm/(F*V_c))*_v[14]
# Derivative for state V
dy += (-i_Ks - i_to - i_Kr - i_p_K - i_NaK - i_NaCa - i_Na - i_p_Ca -\
i_b_Na - i_CaL - i_Stim - i_K1 - i_b_Ca)*_v[15]
# Derivative for state K_i
dy += ((-i_Ks - i_to - i_Kr - i_p_K - i_Stim - i_K1 +\
2.0*i_NaK)*Cm/(F*V_c))*_v[16]
# Return dy
return dy
def solve(self, problem):
self.problem = problem
doSave = problem.doSave
save_this_step = False
onlyVel = problem.saveOnlyVel
dt = self.metadata['dt']
nu = Constant(self.problem.nu)
# TODO check proper use of watches
self.tc.init_watch('init', 'Initialization', True, count_to_percent=False)
self.tc.init_watch('rhs', 'Assembled right hand side', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('updateBC', 'Updated velocity BC', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('applybc1', 'Applied velocity BC 1st step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('applybc3', 'Applied velocity BC 3rd step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('applybcP', 'Applied pressure BC or othogonalized rhs', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('assembleMatrices', 'Initial matrix assembly', False, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('solve 1', 'Running solver on 1st step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('solve 2', 'Running solver on 2nd step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('solve 3', 'Running solver on 3rd step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('solve 4', 'Running solver on 4th step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('assembleA1', 'Assembled A1 matrix (without stabiliz.)', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('assembleA1stab', 'Assembled A1 stabilization', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('next', 'Next step assignments', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('saveVel', 'Saved velocity', True)
self.tc.start('init')
# Define function spaces (P2-P1)
mesh = self.problem.mesh
self.V = VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 2) # velocity
self.Q = FunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 1) # pressure
self.PS = FunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 2) # partial solution (must be same order as V)
self.D = FunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 1) # velocity divergence space
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
L = FunctionSpace(mesh, "R", 0)
QL = self.Q*L
problem.initialize(self.V, self.Q, self.PS, self.D)
# Define trial and test functions
u = TrialFunction(self.V)
v = TestFunction(self.V)
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
(pQL, rQL) = TrialFunction(QL)
(qQL, lQL) = TestFunction(QL)
else:
p = TrialFunction(self.Q)
q = TestFunction(self.Q)
n = FacetNormal(mesh)
I = Identity(u.geometric_dimension())
# Initial conditions: u0 velocity at previous time step u1 velocity two time steps back p0 previous pressure
[u1, u0, p0] = self.problem.get_initial_conditions([{'type': 'v', 'time': -dt},
{'type': 'v', 'time': 0.0},
{'type': 'p', 'time': 0.0}])
if doSave:
problem.save_vel(False, u0, 0.0)
problem.save_vel(True, u0, 0.0)
u_ = Function(self.V) # current tentative velocity
u_cor = Function(self.V) # current corrected velocity
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
p_QL = Function(QL) # current pressure or pressure help function from rotation scheme
pQ = Function(self.Q) # auxiliary function for conversion between QL.sub(0) and Q
else:
p_ = Function(self.Q) # current pressure or pressure help function from rotation scheme
p_mod = Function(self.Q) # current modified pressure from rotation scheme
# Define coefficients
k = Constant(self.metadata['dt'])
f = Constant((0, 0, 0))
# Define forms
# step 1: Tentative velocity, solve to u_
u_ext = 1.5*u0 - 0.5*u1 # extrapolation for convection term
# Stabilisation
h = CellSize(mesh)
# CBC delta:
if self.cbcDelta:
delta = Constant(self.stabCoef)*h/(sqrt(inner(u_ext, u_ext))+h)
else:
delta = Constant(self.stabCoef)*h**2/(2*nu*k + k*h*inner(u_ext, u_ext)+h**2)
if self.use_full_SUPG:
v1 = v + delta*0.5*k*dot(grad(v), u_ext)
parameters['form_compiler']['quadrature_degree'] = 6
else:
v1 = v
def nonlinearity(function):
if self.use_ema:
return 2*inner(dot(sym(grad(function)), u_ext), v1) * dx + inner(div(function)*u_ext, v1) * dx
# return 2*inner(dot(sym(grad(function)), u_ext), v) * dx + inner(div(u_ext)*function, v) * dx
# QQ implement this way?
else:
return inner(dot(grad(function), u_ext), v1) * dx
def diffusion(fce):
if self.useLaplace:
return nu*inner(grad(fce), grad(v1)) * dx
else:
form = inner(nu * 2 * sym(grad(fce)), sym(grad(v1))) * dx
if self.bcv == 'CDN':
# IMP will work only if p=0 on output, or we must add term
# inner(p0*n, v)*problem.get_outflow_measure_form() to avoid boundary layer
return form
if self.bcv == 'LAP':
return form - inner(nu*dot(grad(fce).T, n), v1) * problem.get_outflow_measure_form()
if self.bcv == 'DDN':
# IMP will work only if p=0 on output, or we must add term
# inner(p0*n, v)*problem.get_outflow_measure_form() to avoid boundary layer
return form # additional term must be added to non-constant part
def pressure_rhs():
if self.useLaplace or self.bcv == 'LAP':
return inner(p0, div(v1)) * dx - inner(p0*n, v1) * problem.get_outflow_measure_form()
# NT term inner(inner(p, n), v) is 0 when p=0 on outflow
else:
return inner(p0, div(v1)) * dx
a1_const = (1./k)*inner(u, v1)*dx + diffusion(0.5*u)
a1_change = nonlinearity(0.5*u)
if self.bcv == 'DDN':
# IMP Problem: Does not penalize influx for current step, only for the next one
# IMP this can lead to oscilation: DDN correct next step, but then u_ext is OK so in next step DDN is not used, leading to new influx...
# u and u_ext cannot be switched, min_value is nonlinear function
a1_change += -0.5*min_value(Constant(0.), inner(u_ext, n))*inner(u, v1)*problem.get_outflow_measure_form()
# IMP works only with uflacs compiler
L1 = (1./k)*inner(u0, v1)*dx - nonlinearity(0.5*u0) - diffusion(0.5*u0) + pressure_rhs()
if self.bcv == 'DDN':
L1 += 0.5*min_value(0., inner(u_ext, n))*inner(u0, v1)*problem.get_outflow_measure_form()
# Non-consistent SUPG stabilisation
if self.stabilize and not self.use_full_SUPG:
# a1_stab = delta*inner(dot(grad(u), u_ext), dot(grad(v), u_ext))*dx
a1_stab = 0.5*delta*inner(dot(grad(u), u_ext), dot(grad(v), u_ext))*dx(None, {'quadrature_degree': 6})
# NT optional: use Crank Nicolson in stabilisation term: change RHS
# L1 += -0.5*delta*inner(dot(grad(u0), u_ext), dot(grad(v), u_ext))*dx(None, {'quadrature_degree': 6})
outflow_area = Constant(problem.outflow_area)
need_outflow = Constant(0.0)
if self.useRotationScheme:
# Rotation scheme
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
F2 = inner(grad(pQL), grad(qQL))*dx + (1./k)*qQL*div(u_)*dx + pQL*lQL*dx + qQL*rQL*dx
else:
F2 = inner(grad(p), grad(q))*dx + (1./k)*q*div(u_)*dx
else:
# Projection, solve to p_
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
F2 = inner(grad(pQL - p0), grad(qQL))*dx + (1./k)*qQL*div(u_)*dx + pQL*lQL*dx + qQL*rQL*dx
else:
if self.forceOutflow and problem.can_force_outflow:
info('Forcing outflow.')
F2 = inner(grad(p - p0), grad(q))*dx + (1./k)*q*div(u_)*dx
for m in problem.get_outflow_measures():
F2 += (1./k)*(1./outflow_area)*need_outflow*q*m
else:
F2 = inner(grad(p - p0), grad(q))*dx + (1./k)*q*div(u_)*dx
a2, L2 = system(F2)
# step 3: Finalize, solve to u_
if self.useRotationScheme:
# Rotation scheme
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
F3 = (1./k)*inner(u - u_, v)*dx + inner(grad(p_QL.sub(0)), v)*dx
else:
F3 = (1./k)*inner(u - u_, v)*dx + inner(grad(p_), v)*dx
else:
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
F3 = (1./k)*inner(u - u_, v)*dx + inner(grad(p_QL.sub(0) - p0), v)*dx
else:
F3 = (1./k)*inner(u - u_, v)*dx + inner(grad(p_ - p0), v)*dx
a3, L3 = system(F3)
if self.useRotationScheme:
# Rotation scheme: modify pressure
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
pr = TrialFunction(self.Q)
qr = TestFunction(self.Q)
F4 = (pr - p0 - p_QL.sub(0) + nu*div(u_))*qr*dx
else:
F4 = (p - p0 - p_ + nu*div(u_))*q*dx
# TODO zkusit, jestli to nebude rychlejsi? nepocitat soustavu, ale p.assign(...), nutno project(div(u),Q) coz je pocitani podobne soustavy
# TODO zkusit v project zadat solver_type='lu' >> primy resic by mel byt efektivnejsi
a4, L4 = system(F4)
# Assemble matrices
self.tc.start('assembleMatrices')
A1_const = assemble(a1_const) # need to be here, so A1 stays one Python object during repeated assembly
A1_change = A1_const.copy() # copy to get matrix with same sparse structure (data will be overwriten)
if self.stabilize and not self.use_full_SUPG:
A1_stab = A1_const.copy() # copy to get matrix with same sparse structure (data will be overwriten)
A2 = assemble(a2)
A3 = assemble(a3)
if self.useRotationScheme:
A4 = assemble(a4)
self.tc.end('assembleMatrices')
if self.solvers == 'direct':
self.solver_vel_tent = LUSolver('mumps')
self.solver_vel_cor = LUSolver('mumps')
self.solver_p = LUSolver('umfpack')
if self.useRotationScheme:
self.solver_rot = LUSolver('umfpack')
else:
# NT not needed, chosen not to use hypre_parasails
# if self.prec_v == 'hypre_parasails': # in FEniCS 1.6.0 inaccessible using KrylovSolver class
# self.solver_vel_tent = PETScKrylovSolver('gmres') # PETSc4py object
# self.solver_vel_tent.ksp().getPC().setType('hypre')
# PETScOptions.set('pc_hypre_type', 'parasails')
# # this is global setting, but preconditioners for pressure solvers are set by their constructors
# else:
self.solver_vel_tent = KrylovSolver('gmres', self.prec_v) # nonsymetric > gmres
# IMP cannot use 'ilu' in parallel (choose different default option)
self.solver_vel_cor = KrylovSolver('cg', 'hypre_amg') # nonsymetric > gmres
self.solver_p = KrylovSolver('cg', self.prec_p) # symmetric > CG
if self.useRotationScheme:
self.solver_rot = KrylovSolver('cg', self.prec_p)
solver_options = {'monitor_convergence': True, 'maximum_iterations': 1000, 'nonzero_initial_guess': True}
# 'nonzero_initial_guess': True with solver.solbe(A, u, b) means that
# Solver will use anything stored in u as an initial guess
# Get the nullspace if there are no pressure boundary conditions
foo = Function(self.Q) # auxiliary vector for setting pressure nullspace
if self.bc in ['nullspace', 'nullspace_s']:
null_vec = Vector(foo.vector())
self.Q.dofmap().set(null_vec, 1.0)
null_vec *= 1.0/null_vec.norm('l2')
self.null_space = VectorSpaceBasis([null_vec])
if self.bc == 'nullspace':
as_backend_type(A2).set_nullspace(self.null_space)
# apply global options for Krylov solvers
self.solver_vel_tent.parameters['relative_tolerance'] = 10 ** (-self.precision_rel_v_tent)
self.solver_vel_tent.parameters['absolute_tolerance'] = 10 ** (-self.precision_abs_v_tent)
self.solver_vel_cor.parameters['relative_tolerance'] = 10E-12
self.solver_vel_cor.parameters['absolute_tolerance'] = 10E-4
self.solver_p.parameters['relative_tolerance'] = 10**(-self.precision_p)
self.solver_p.parameters['absolute_tolerance'] = 10E-10
if self.useRotationScheme:
self.solver_rot.parameters['relative_tolerance'] = 10**(-self.precision_p)
self.solver_rot.parameters['absolute_tolerance'] = 10E-10
if self.solvers == 'krylov':
for solver in [self.solver_vel_tent, self.solver_vel_cor, self.solver_p, self.solver_rot] if \
self.useRotationScheme else [self.solver_vel_tent, self.solver_vel_cor, self.solver_p]:
for key, value in solver_options.items():
try:
solver.parameters[key] = value
except KeyError:
info('Invalid option %s for KrylovSolver' % key)
return 1
solver.parameters['preconditioner']['structure'] = 'same'
# matrices A2-A4 do not change, so we can reuse preconditioners
self.solver_vel_tent.parameters['preconditioner']['structure'] = 'same_nonzero_pattern'
# matrix A1 changes every time step, so change of preconditioner must be allowed
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
fa = FunctionAssigner(self.Q, QL.sub(0))
# boundary conditions
bcu, bcp = problem.get_boundary_conditions(self.bc == 'outflow', self.V, self.Q)
self.tc.end('init')
# Time-stepping
info("Running of Incremental pressure correction scheme n. 1")
ttime = self.metadata['time']
t = dt
step = 1
while t < (ttime + dt/2.0):
info("t = %f" % t)
self.problem.update_time(t, step)
if self.MPI_rank == 0:
problem.write_status_file(t)
if doSave:
save_this_step = problem.save_this_step
# DDN debug
# u_ext_in = assemble(inner(u_ext, n)*problem.get_outflow_measure_form())
# DDN_triggered = assemble(min_value(Constant(0.), inner(u_ext, n))*problem.get_outflow_measure_form())
# print('DDN: u_ext*n dSout = ', u_ext_in)
# print('DDN: negative part of u_ext*n dSout = ', DDN_triggered)
# assemble matrix (it depends on solution)
self.tc.start('assembleA1')
assemble(a1_change, tensor=A1_change) # assembling into existing matrix is faster than assembling new one
A1 = A1_const.copy() # we dont want to change A1_const
A1.axpy(1, A1_change, True)
self.tc.end('assembleA1')
self.tc.start('assembleA1stab')
if self.stabilize and not self.use_full_SUPG:
assemble(a1_stab, tensor=A1_stab) # assembling into existing matrix is faster than assembling new one
A1.axpy(1, A1_stab, True)
self.tc.end('assembleA1stab')
# Compute tentative velocity step
begin("Computing tentative velocity")
self.tc.start('rhs')
b = assemble(L1)
self.tc.end('rhs')
self.tc.start('applybc1')
[bc.apply(A1, b) for bc in bcu]
self.tc.end('applybc1')
try:
self.tc.start('solve 1')
self.solver_vel_tent.solve(A1, u_.vector(), b)
self.tc.end('solve 1')
if save_this_step:
self.tc.start('saveVel')
problem.save_vel(True, u_, t)
self.tc.end('saveVel')
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.save_div(True, u_)
problem.compute_err(True, u_, t)
problem.compute_div(True, u_)
except RuntimeError as inst:
problem.report_fail(t)
return 1
end()
# DDN debug
# u_ext_in = assemble(inner(u_, n)*problem.get_outflow_measure_form())
# DDN_triggered = assemble(min_value(Constant(0.), inner(u_, n))*problem.get_outflow_measure_form())
# print('DDN: u_tent*n dSout = ', u_ext_in)
# print('DDN: negative part of u_tent*n dSout = ', DDN_triggered)
if self.useRotationScheme:
begin("Computing tentative pressure")
else:
begin("Computing pressure")
if self.forceOutflow and problem.can_force_outflow:
out = problem.compute_outflow(u_)
info('Tentative outflow: %f' % out)
n_o = -problem.last_inflow-out
info('Needed outflow: %f' % n_o)
need_outflow.assign(n_o)
self.tc.start('rhs')
b = assemble(L2)
self.tc.end('rhs')
self.tc.start('applybcP')
[bc.apply(A2, b) for bc in bcp]
if self.bc in ['nullspace', 'nullspace_s']:
self.null_space.orthogonalize(b)
self.tc.end('applybcP')
try:
self.tc.start('solve 2')
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
self.solver_p.solve(A2, p_QL.vector(), b)
else:
self.solver_p.solve(A2, p_.vector(), b)
self.tc.end('solve 2')
except RuntimeError as inst:
problem.report_fail(t)
return 1
if self.useRotationScheme:
foo = Function(self.Q)
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
fa.assign(pQ, p_QL.sub(0))
foo.assign(pQ + p0)
else:
foo.assign(p_+p0)
problem.averaging_pressure(foo)
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.save_pressure(True, foo)
else:
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
fa.assign(pQ, p_QL.sub(0))
problem.averaging_pressure(pQ)
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.save_pressure(False, pQ)
else:
# we do not want to change p=0 on outflow, it conflicts with do-nothing conditions
foo = Function(self.Q)
foo.assign(p_)
problem.averaging_pressure(foo)
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.save_pressure(False, foo)
end()
begin("Computing corrected velocity")
self.tc.start('rhs')
b = assemble(L3)
self.tc.end('rhs')
if not self.B:
self.tc.start('applybc3')
[bc.apply(A3, b) for bc in bcu]
self.tc.end('applybc3')
try:
self.tc.start('solve 3')
self.solver_vel_cor.solve(A3, u_cor.vector(), b)
self.tc.end('solve 3')
problem.compute_err(False, u_cor, t)
problem.compute_div(False, u_cor)
except RuntimeError as inst:
problem.report_fail(t)
return 1
if save_this_step:
self.tc.start('saveVel')
problem.save_vel(False, u_cor, t)
self.tc.end('saveVel')
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.save_div(False, u_cor)
end()
# DDN debug
# u_ext_in = assemble(inner(u_cor, n)*problem.get_outflow_measure_form())
# DDN_triggered = assemble(min_value(Constant(0.), inner(u_cor, n))*problem.get_outflow_measure_form())
# print('DDN: u_cor*n dSout = ', u_ext_in)
# print('DDN: negative part of u_cor*n dSout = ', DDN_triggered)
if self.useRotationScheme:
begin("Rotation scheme pressure correction")
self.tc.start('rhs')
b = assemble(L4)
self.tc.end('rhs')
try:
self.tc.start('solve 4')
self.solver_rot.solve(A4, p_mod.vector(), b)
self.tc.end('solve 4')
except RuntimeError as inst:
problem.report_fail(t)
return 1
problem.averaging_pressure(p_mod)
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.save_pressure(False, p_mod)
end()
# compute functionals (e. g. forces)
problem.compute_functionals(u_cor,
p_mod if self.useRotationScheme else (pQ if self.bc == 'lagrange' else p_), t)
# Move to next time step
self.tc.start('next')
u1.assign(u0)
u0.assign(u_cor)
u_.assign(u_cor) # use corretced velocity as initial guess in first step
if self.useRotationScheme:
p0.assign(p_mod)
else:
if self.bc == 'lagrange':
p0.assign(pQ)
else:
p0.assign(p_)
t = round(t + dt, 6) # round time step to 0.000001
step += 1
self.tc.end('next')
info("Finished: Incremental pressure correction scheme n. 1")
problem.report()
return 0
def solve(self, problem):
self.problem = problem
doSave = problem.doSave
save_this_step = False
onlyVel = problem.saveOnlyVel
dt = self.metadata['dt']
nu = Constant(self.problem.nu)
self.tc.init_watch('init', 'Initialization', True, count_to_percent=False)
self.tc.init_watch('rhs', 'Assembled right hand side', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('applybc1', 'Applied velocity BC 1st step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('applybc3', 'Applied velocity BC 3rd step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('applybcP', 'Applied pressure BC or othogonalized rhs', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('assembleMatrices', 'Initial matrix assembly', False, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('solve 1', 'Running solver on 1st step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('solve 2', 'Running solver on 2nd step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('solve 3', 'Running solver on 3rd step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('solve 4', 'Running solver on 4th step', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('assembleA1', 'Assembled A1 matrix (without stabiliz.)', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('assembleA1stab', 'Assembled A1 stabilization', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('next', 'Next step assignments', True, count_to_percent=True)
self.tc.init_watch('saveVel', 'Saved velocity', True)
self.tc.start('init')
# Define function spaces (P2-P1)
mesh = self.problem.mesh
self.V = VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 2) # velocity
self.Q = FunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 1) # pressure
self.PS = FunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 2) # partial solution (must be same order as V)
self.D = FunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 1) # velocity divergence space
problem.initialize(self.V, self.Q, self.PS, self.D)
# Define trial and test functions
u = TrialFunction(self.V)
v = TestFunction(self.V)
p = TrialFunction(self.Q)
q = TestFunction(self.Q)
n = FacetNormal(mesh)
I = Identity(find_geometric_dimension(u))
# Initial conditions: u0 velocity at previous time step u1 velocity two time steps back p0 previous pressure
[u1, u0, p0] = self.problem.get_initial_conditions([{'type': 'v', 'time': -dt},
{'type': 'v', 'time': 0.0},
{'type': 'p', 'time': 0.0}])
u_ = Function(self.V) # current tentative velocity
u_cor = Function(self.V) # current corrected velocity
p_ = Function(self.Q) # current pressure or pressure help function from rotation scheme
p_mod = Function(self.Q) # current modified pressure from rotation scheme
# Define coefficients
k = Constant(self.metadata['dt'])
f = Constant((0, 0, 0))
# Define forms
# step 1: Tentative velocity, solve to u_
u_ext = 1.5 * u0 - 0.5 * u1 # extrapolation for convection term
# Stabilisation
h = CellSize(mesh)
if self.args.cbc_tau:
# used in Simula cbcflow project
tau = Constant(self.stabCoef) * h / (sqrt(inner(u_ext, u_ext)) + h)
else:
# proposed in R. Codina: On stabilized finite element methods for linear systems of
# convection-diffusion-reaction equations.
tau = Constant(self.stabCoef) * k * h ** 2 / (
2 * nu * k + k * h * sqrt(DOLFIN_EPS + inner(u_ext, u_ext)) + h ** 2)
# DOLFIN_EPS is added because of FEniCS bug that inner(u_ext, u_ext) can be negative when u_ext = 0
if self.use_full_SUPG:
v1 = v + tau * 0.5 * dot(grad(v), u_ext)
parameters['form_compiler']['quadrature_degree'] = 6
else:
v1 = v
def nonlinearity(function):
if self.args.ema:
return 2 * inner(dot(sym(grad(function)), u_ext), v1) * dx + inner(div(function) * u_ext, v1) * dx
else:
return inner(dot(grad(function), u_ext), v1) * dx
def diffusion(fce):
if self.useLaplace:
return nu * inner(grad(fce), grad(v1)) * dx
else:
form = inner(nu * 2 * sym(grad(fce)), sym(grad(v1))) * dx
if self.bcv == 'CDN':
return form
if self.bcv == 'LAP':
return form - inner(nu * dot(grad(fce).T, n), v1) * problem.get_outflow_measure_form()
if self.bcv == 'DDN':
return form # additional term must be added to non-constant part
def pressure_rhs():
if self.args.bc == 'outflow':
return inner(p0, div(v1)) * dx
else:
return inner(p0, div(v1)) * dx - inner(p0 * n, v1) * problem.get_outflow_measure_form()
a1_const = (1. / k) * inner(u, v1) * dx + diffusion(0.5 * u)
a1_change = nonlinearity(0.5 * u)
if self.bcv == 'DDN':
# does not penalize influx for current step, only for the next one
# this can lead to oscilation:
# DDN correct next step, but then u_ext is OK so in next step DDN is not used, leading to new influx...
# u and u_ext cannot be switched, min_value is nonlinear function
a1_change += -0.5 * min_value(Constant(0.), inner(u_ext, n)) * inner(u,
v1) * problem.get_outflow_measure_form()
# NT works only with uflacs compiler
L1 = (1. / k) * inner(u0, v1) * dx - nonlinearity(0.5 * u0) - diffusion(0.5 * u0) + pressure_rhs()
if self.bcv == 'DDN':
L1 += 0.5 * min_value(0., inner(u_ext, n)) * inner(u0, v1) * problem.get_outflow_measure_form()
# Non-consistent SUPG stabilisation
if self.stabilize and not self.use_full_SUPG:
# a1_stab = tau*inner(dot(grad(u), u_ext), dot(grad(v), u_ext))*dx
a1_stab = 0.5 * tau * inner(dot(grad(u), u_ext), dot(grad(v), u_ext)) * dx(None, {'quadrature_degree': 6})
# optional: to use Crank Nicolson in stabilisation term following change of RHS is needed:
# L1 += -0.5*tau*inner(dot(grad(u0), u_ext), dot(grad(v), u_ext))*dx(None, {'quadrature_degree': 6})
outflow_area = Constant(problem.outflow_area)
need_outflow = Constant(0.0)
if self.useRotationScheme:
# Rotation scheme
F2 = inner(grad(p), grad(q)) * dx + (1. / k) * q * div(u_) * dx
else:
# Projection, solve to p_
if self.forceOutflow and problem.can_force_outflow:
info('Forcing outflow.')
F2 = inner(grad(p - p0), grad(q)) * dx + (1. / k) * q * div(u_) * dx
for m in problem.get_outflow_measures():
F2 += (1. / k) * (1. / outflow_area) * need_outflow * q * m
else:
F2 = inner(grad(p - p0), grad(q)) * dx + (1. / k) * q * div(u_) * dx
a2, L2 = system(F2)
# step 3: Finalize, solve to u_
if self.useRotationScheme:
# Rotation scheme
F3 = (1. / k) * inner(u - u_, v) * dx + inner(grad(p_), v) * dx
else:
F3 = (1. / k) * inner(u - u_, v) * dx + inner(grad(p_ - p0), v) * dx
a3, L3 = system(F3)
if self.useRotationScheme:
# Rotation scheme: modify pressure
F4 = (p - p0 - p_ + nu * div(u_)) * q * dx
a4, L4 = system(F4)
# Assemble matrices
self.tc.start('assembleMatrices')
A1_const = assemble(a1_const) # must be here, so A1 stays one Python object during repeated assembly
A1_change = A1_const.copy() # copy to get matrix with same sparse structure (data will be overwritten)
if self.stabilize and not self.use_full_SUPG:
A1_stab = A1_const.copy() # copy to get matrix with same sparse structure (data will be overwritten)
A2 = assemble(a2)
A3 = assemble(a3)
if self.useRotationScheme:
A4 = assemble(a4)
self.tc.end('assembleMatrices')
if self.solvers == 'direct':
self.solver_vel_tent = LUSolver('mumps')
self.solver_vel_cor = LUSolver('mumps')
self.solver_p = LUSolver('mumps')
if self.useRotationScheme:
self.solver_rot = LUSolver('mumps')
else:
# NT 2016-1 KrylovSolver >> PETScKrylovSolver
# not needed, chosen not to use hypre_parasails:
# if self.prec_v == 'hypre_parasails': # in FEniCS 1.6.0 inaccessible using KrylovSolver class
# self.solver_vel_tent = PETScKrylovSolver('gmres') # PETSc4py object
# self.solver_vel_tent.ksp().getPC().setType('hypre')
# PETScOptions.set('pc_hypre_type', 'parasails')
# # this is global setting, but preconditioners for pressure solvers are set by their constructors
# else:
self.solver_vel_tent = PETScKrylovSolver('gmres', self.args.precV) # nonsymetric > gmres
# cannot use 'ilu' in parallel
self.solver_vel_cor = PETScKrylovSolver('cg', self.args.precVC)
self.solver_p = PETScKrylovSolver(self.args.solP, self.args.precP) # almost (up to BC) symmetric > CG
if self.useRotationScheme:
self.solver_rot = PETScKrylovSolver('cg', 'hypre_amg')
# setup Krylov solvers
if self.solvers == 'krylov':
# Get the nullspace if there are no pressure boundary conditions
foo = Function(self.Q) # auxiliary vector for setting pressure nullspace
if self.args.bc == 'nullspace':
null_vec = Vector(foo.vector())
self.Q.dofmap().set(null_vec, 1.0)
null_vec *= 1.0 / null_vec.norm('l2')
self.null_space = VectorSpaceBasis([null_vec])
as_backend_type(A2).set_nullspace(self.null_space)
# apply global options for Krylov solvers
solver_options = {'monitor_convergence': True, 'maximum_iterations': 10000, 'nonzero_initial_guess': True}
# 'nonzero_initial_guess': True with solver.solve(A, u, b) means that
# Solver will use anything stored in u as an initial guess
for solver in [self.solver_vel_tent, self.solver_vel_cor, self.solver_rot, self.solver_p] if \
self.useRotationScheme else [self.solver_vel_tent, self.solver_vel_cor, self.solver_p]:
for key, value in solver_options.items():
try:
solver.parameters[key] = value
except KeyError:
info('Invalid option %s for KrylovSolver' % key)
return 1
if self.args.solP == 'richardson':
self.solver_p.parameters['monitor_convergence'] = False
self.solver_vel_tent.parameters['relative_tolerance'] = 10 ** (-self.args.prv1)
self.solver_vel_tent.parameters['absolute_tolerance'] = 10 ** (-self.args.pav1)
self.solver_vel_cor.parameters['relative_tolerance'] = 10E-12
self.solver_vel_cor.parameters['absolute_tolerance'] = 10E-4
self.solver_p.parameters['relative_tolerance'] = 10 ** (-self.args.prp)
self.solver_p.parameters['absolute_tolerance'] = 10 ** (-self.args.pap)
if self.useRotationScheme:
self.solver_rot.parameters['relative_tolerance'] = 10E-10
self.solver_rot.parameters['absolute_tolerance'] = 10E-10
if self.args.Vrestart > 0:
self.solver_vel_tent.parameters['gmres']['restart'] = self.args.Vrestart
if self.args.solP == 'gmres' and self.args.Prestart > 0:
self.solver_p.parameters['gmres']['restart'] = self.args.Prestart
# boundary conditions
bcu, bcp = problem.get_boundary_conditions(self.args.bc == 'outflow', self.V, self.Q)
self.tc.end('init')
# Time-stepping
info("Running of Incremental pressure correction scheme n. 1")
ttime = self.metadata['time']
t = dt
step = 1
# debug function
if problem.args.debug_rot:
plot_cor_v = Function(self.V)
while t < (ttime + dt / 2.0):
self.problem.update_time(t, step)
if self.MPI_rank == 0:
problem.write_status_file(t)
if doSave:
save_this_step = problem.save_this_step
# assemble matrix (it depends on solution)
self.tc.start('assembleA1')
assemble(a1_change, tensor=A1_change) # assembling into existing matrix is faster than assembling new one
A1 = A1_const.copy() # we dont want to change A1_const
A1.axpy(1, A1_change, True)
self.tc.end('assembleA1')
self.tc.start('assembleA1stab')
if self.stabilize and not self.use_full_SUPG:
assemble(a1_stab, tensor=A1_stab) # assembling into existing matrix is faster than assembling new one
A1.axpy(1, A1_stab, True)
self.tc.end('assembleA1stab')
# Compute tentative velocity step
begin("Computing tentative velocity")
self.tc.start('rhs')
b = assemble(L1)
self.tc.end('rhs')
self.tc.start('applybc1')
[bc.apply(A1, b) for bc in bcu]
self.tc.end('applybc1')
try:
self.tc.start('solve 1')
self.solver_vel_tent.solve(A1, u_.vector(), b)
self.tc.end('solve 1')
if save_this_step:
self.tc.start('saveVel')
problem.save_vel(True, u_)
self.tc.end('saveVel')
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.save_div(True, u_)
problem.compute_err(True, u_, t)
problem.compute_div(True, u_)
except RuntimeError as inst:
problem.report_fail(t)
return 1
end()
if self.useRotationScheme:
begin("Computing tentative pressure")
else:
begin("Computing pressure")
if self.forceOutflow and problem.can_force_outflow:
out = problem.compute_outflow(u_)
info('Tentative outflow: %f' % out)
n_o = -problem.last_inflow - out
info('Needed outflow: %f' % n_o)
need_outflow.assign(n_o)
self.tc.start('rhs')
b = assemble(L2)
self.tc.end('rhs')
self.tc.start('applybcP')
[bc.apply(A2, b) for bc in bcp]
if self.args.bc == 'nullspace':
self.null_space.orthogonalize(b)
self.tc.end('applybcP')
try:
self.tc.start('solve 2')
self.solver_p.solve(A2, p_.vector(), b)
self.tc.end('solve 2')
except RuntimeError as inst:
problem.report_fail(t)
return 1
if self.useRotationScheme:
foo = Function(self.Q)
foo.assign(p_ + p0)
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.averaging_pressure(foo)
problem.save_pressure(True, foo)
else:
foo = Function(self.Q)
foo.assign(p_) # we do not want to change p_ by averaging
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.averaging_pressure(foo)
problem.save_pressure(False, foo)
end()
begin("Computing corrected velocity")
self.tc.start('rhs')
b = assemble(L3)
self.tc.end('rhs')
if not self.args.B:
self.tc.start('applybc3')
[bc.apply(A3, b) for bc in bcu]
self.tc.end('applybc3')
try:
self.tc.start('solve 3')
self.solver_vel_cor.solve(A3, u_cor.vector(), b)
self.tc.end('solve 3')
problem.compute_err(False, u_cor, t)
problem.compute_div(False, u_cor)
except RuntimeError as inst:
problem.report_fail(t)
return 1
if save_this_step:
self.tc.start('saveVel')
problem.save_vel(False, u_cor)
self.tc.end('saveVel')
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.save_div(False, u_cor)
end()
if self.useRotationScheme:
begin("Rotation scheme pressure correction")
self.tc.start('rhs')
b = assemble(L4)
self.tc.end('rhs')
try:
self.tc.start('solve 4')
self.solver_rot.solve(A4, p_mod.vector(), b)
self.tc.end('solve 4')
except RuntimeError as inst:
problem.report_fail(t)
return 1
if save_this_step and not onlyVel:
problem.averaging_pressure(p_mod)
problem.save_pressure(False, p_mod)
end()
if problem.args.debug_rot:
# save applied pressure correction (expressed as a term added to RHS of next tentative vel. step)
# see comment next to argument definition
plot_cor_v.assign(project(k * grad(nu * div(u_)), self.V))
problem.fileDict['grad_cor']['file'].write(plot_cor_v, t)
# compute functionals (e. g. forces)
problem.compute_functionals(u_cor, p_mod if self.useRotationScheme else p_, t, step)
# Move to next time step
self.tc.start('next')
u1.assign(u0)
u0.assign(u_cor)
u_.assign(u_cor) # use corrected velocity as initial guess in first step
if self.useRotationScheme:
p0.assign(p_mod)
else:
p0.assign(p_)
t = round(t + dt, 6) # round time step to 0.000001
step += 1
self.tc.end('next')
info("Finished: Incremental pressure correction scheme n. 1")
problem.report()
return 0