class pend:
NP = 400
tmax = 5.0 # We digitize oscillations for 10 seconds
looping = False
xlabel = 'Seconds'
ylabel = 'Volts'
size = [100,100]
scale = None
delay = 0.0
def __init__(self, parent, size, plot, msg):
self.parent = parent
self.plot2d = plot
self.msgwin = msg
x = Image.open(abs_path(photograph))
im = x.resize(size)
self.size[0] = float(size[0])
self.size[1] = float(size[1])
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
self.canvas = Canvas(parent, width = size[0], height = size[1])
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image = self.image, anchor = NW)
self.data = Data()
def enter(self, p):
self.ph = p
self.ph.select_adc(0)
self.ph.set_adc_size(2)
self.intro_msg()
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, -5, self.tmax, 5)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
def exit(self):
self.looping = False
def set_tmax(self,w):
d = self.scale.get()
self.tmax = float(d)
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, -5, self.tmax, 5)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
def clear(self,e):
if self.looping == True:
return
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.clear()
def save(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def calc_g(self,e):
if self.data.points == []:
return
x = self.lentext.get()
try:
L = float(x)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Set the length of the rod', 'red')
return
import phmath, math
dat = []
for k in self.data.points:
dat.append([k[0], k[1]])
res = phmath.fit_dsine(dat)
fit = []
exp = []
for k in res[0]:
fit.append([k[0],k[2]])
exp.append([k[0],k[3]])
self.data.traces.append(fit)
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.plot2d.line(fit, self.col)
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.plot2d.line(exp, self.col)
D = res[1][4]
T = 1.0 / res[1][1]
r = 0.14 # radius of the rod
R = 1.27 # radius of the ball
density = 7.8 # density of iron
m_rod = math.pi * r**2 * L * density
m_ball = math.pi * 4 / 3 * R**3 * density
# print m_rod,'',m_ball
Lprime = ( (m_rod * L**2)/3 + (m_ball * 2/5 * R**2) + m_ball * \
(L+R)**2 ) / ( (m_rod * L)/2 + m_ball*(L+R) )
g = 4.0 * math.pi**2 * Lprime / (T * T)
# print T, Lprime, g, D
ss = 'T = %4.3f seconds. Length = %4.2f | g = %4.0f \
cm/sec2 | Damping factor = %4.3f\n'%(T,L,g,D)
self.msgwin.showtext(ss)
# g2 = 4.0 * math.pi**2 * L / (T * T)
def analyze(self,e):
self.data.analyze(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def save_all(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save_all(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def show_all(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.index = 0
for tr in self.data.traces:
self.plot2d.line(tr,self.data.get_col())
#------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self,e):
if self.ph == None:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection not made yet', 'red')
return
if self.looping == False: # Same color if restarted
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.msgwin.msg('Starting Pendulum Waveform digitization')
self.looping = True
v = self.ph.get_voltage_bip() # First reading is taken
self.start_time = v[0] # Remember starting time
self.data.points = [(0.0, v[1]/1000.0)] # initialize the list
def accept_trace(self):
self.data.traces.append(self.data.points)
def update(self):
if self.looping == False:
return
val = self.ph.get_voltage_bip()
elapsed = val[0] - self.start_time
self.data.points.append( (elapsed, val[1]/1000.0) )
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.col)
if elapsed >= self.tmax:
self.msgwin.msg('Digitization done for %2.1f seconds'%elapsed)
self.accept_trace()
self.looping = False
def refresh(self,e):
if self.looping == True:
return
self.intro_msg()
def intro_msg(self):
self.clear(None)
self.msgwin.clear()
self.msgwin.showtext('Connect DC motor output to Ch0, through an amplifier (gain = 100) and the '+\
'Level Shifter.\nOscillate the pendulum and ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Digitize', self.start)
self.msgwin.showtext(' for ')
if self.scale != None: self.scale.destroy()
self.scale = Scale(None, command = self.set_tmax, \
from_ = 1, to=20, orient=HORIZONTAL, length=100, showvalue=1)
self.scale.set(int(self.tmax))
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.scale)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Seconds.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here', self.calc_g)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to calculate period "T" by fitting the graph.\n Value of "g" is calculated '+\
'assuming Length of the rod =')
self.lentext = Entry(None, width = 4, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.lentext)
self.lentext.insert(END,'11.0')
self.msgwin.showtext(' cm. and Bob diameter = 2.54 cm')
self.msgwin.showlink('\nSave the latest trace', self.save)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save all Traces', self.save_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to the text file')
self.fntext = Entry(None, width =15, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.fntext)
self.fntext.insert(END,'pend.dat')
self.msgwin.showtext(' ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Display all Traces', self.show_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Clear all Traces', self.clear)
self.msgwin.showtext(' ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Xmgrace', self.analyze)
self.msgwin.showtext(' ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Refresh', self.refresh)
self.msgwin.showtext('\n')
class rodpend:
NP = 400
tmax = 10.0 # We digitize oscillations for 10 seconds
maxcount = 10
looping = False
xlabel = 'Number'
ylabel = 'g'
size = [100,100]
scale = None
def __init__(self, parent, size, plot, msg):
self.parent = parent
self.plot2d = plot
self.msgwin = msg
x = Image.open(abs_path(photograph))
im = x.resize(size)
self.size[0] = float(size[0])
self.size[1] = float(size[1])
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
self.canvas = Canvas(parent, width = size[0], height = size[1])
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image = self.image, anchor = NW)
self.data = Data()
def enter(self, p):
self.ph = p
self.ph.select_adc(0)
self.ph.set_adc_size(2)
self.intro_msg()
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, -5, self.tmax, 5)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
def exit(self):
self.looping = False
def clear(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.clear()
def save(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def analyze(self,e):
self.data.analyze(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def save_all(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save_all(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def show_all(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.index = 0
for tr in self.data.traces:
self.plot2d.line(tr,self.data.get_col())
#------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self,e):
x = self.lentext.get()
try:
self.length = float(x)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Set the length of the Pendulum', 'red')
return
x = self.numtext.get()
try:
self.maxcount = int(x)
except:
self.maxcount = 10
self.tmax = self.maxcount
if self.ph == None:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection not made yet', 'red')
return
if self.looping == False: # Same color if restarted
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.msgwin.msg('Starting Measurement of gravity using Rod Pendulum')
self.count = 0
t = self.ph.pendulum_period(3) # Every alternate rising edge
# t = self.ph.multi_r2rtime(3,1)
if t < 0:
self.msgwin.msg('Pendulum Period Timeout Error', 'red')
return
t = t/1000000.0
self.pisqr = math.pi ** 2
g = 4.0 * self.pisqr * 2.0 * self.length / (3.0 * t * t)
self.msgwin.showtext('\nPeriod Gravity')
self.msgwin.showtext('\n%6.5f\t%4.1f'%(t,g))
# print self.pisqr, self.length, t, g
self.data.points = [(self.count, g)]
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, self.tmax, g*1.2)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
self.looping = True
def accept_trace(self):
self.data.traces.append(self.data.points)
def update(self):
if self.looping == False:
return
t = self.ph.pendulum_period(3) # Every alternate rising edge
if t < 0:
self.msgwin.msg('Pendulum Period Timeout Error', 'red')
self.looping = False
return
print t
t = t/1000000.0
self.pisqr = math.pi ** 2
g = 4.0 * self.pisqr * 2.0 * self.length / (3.0 * t * t)
self.data.points.append( (self.count, g) )
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.col)
self.msgwin.showtext('\n%6.5f\t%4.1f'%(t,g))
self.count = self.count + 1
if self.count >= self.maxcount:
self.looping = False
self.msgwin.msg('Measured gravity %d times'%self.count)
self.accept_trace()
time.sleep(t/2) # Always measure in the same direction
def refresh(self,e):
self.intro_msg()
def intro_msg(self):
# self.clear(None)
self.msgwin.clear()
self.msgwin.showtext('Connect the Light Barrier as shown in the '+\
'photograph and set the pendulum oscillating. Phoenix will measure '+\
'the Period of the pendulum and calculate the value of acceleration '+\
'due to gravity. Measure the length of the pendulum and enter it '+\
'The pendulum must be vertical in its resting position.\n')
self.msgwin.showtext('Oscillate the Pendulum and ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here', self.start)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to start the measurements.')
self.msgwin.showtext(' Length = ')
self.lentext = Entry(None, width = 5, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.lentext)
self.lentext.insert(END,'7.0')
self.msgwin.showtext(' cm. Number of measurements = ')
self.numtext = Entry(None, width = 5, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.numtext)
self.numtext.insert(END,str(self.maxcount))
self.msgwin.showlink('\nSave the latest trace', self.save)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save all Traces', self.save_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to a text file named ')
self.fntext = Entry(None, width =15, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.fntext)
self.fntext.insert(END,'rodpend.dat')
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Analyze', self.analyze)
self.msgwin.showtext(' data online using Xmgrace.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Display all Traces', self.show_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' , ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Clear all Traces', self.clear)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Refresh This Window', self.refresh)
self.msgwin.showtext('\nCalculated g will be plotted.')
class pt100:
NP = 400
delay = 0.03 # minimum delay between voltage reads
tmax = 12.0 # Number of seconds for NP reads
looping = False
xlabel = 'Seconds'
ylabel = 'Kelvin'
gain = 11.0 # Assume PT100 output is amplified by 11
ccval = 1.0 # CCS nominal value is 1 mA
maxtemp = 800.0
size = [100,100]
del_scale = None
np_scale = None
def __init__(self, parent, size, plot, msg):
self.parent = parent
self.plot2d = plot
self.msgwin = msg
x = Image.open(abs_path(photograph))
im = x.resize(size)
self.size[0] = float(size[0])
self.size[1] = float(size[1])
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
self.canvas = Canvas(parent, width = size[0], height = size[1])
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image = self.image, anchor = NW)
self.data = Data()
def enter(self, p):
self.ph = p
self.ph.select_adc(0)
self.ph.set_adc_size(2)
self.intro_msg()
self.tmax = self.delay * self.NP
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, self.tmax, self.maxtemp)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
def exit(self):
self.looping = False
def set_delay(self,w):
if self.looping:
return
d = self.del_scale.get()
self.delay = float(d)/1000.0
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, self.NP * self.delay, self.maxtemp)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
if len(self.data.points) < 2:
return
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.col)
def set_NP(self,w):
d = self.np_scale.get()
self.NP = d
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, self.NP * self.delay, self.maxtemp)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
if len(self.data.points) < 2:
return
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.col)
def clear(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.clear()
def save(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def analyze(self,e):
self.data.analyze(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def save_all(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save_all(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def show_all(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.index = 0
for tr in self.data.traces:
self.plot2d.line(tr,self.data.get_col())
#------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self,e):
if self.ph == None:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection not made yet', 'red')
return
if self.looping == False: # Same color if restarted
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.msgwin.msg('Started Temperature Recording')
self.looping = True
self.data.points = []
def stop(self,e):
self.msgwin.msg('Stopped Recording')
self.accept_trace()
self.looping = False
def accept_trace(self):
self.data.traces.append(self.data.points)
def update(self):
if self.looping == False:
return
if self.delay > 0:
time.sleep(self.delay)
val = self.ph.get_voltage()
if self.data.points == []:
self.start_time = val[0]
temp = self.mv2cel(val[1])
self.data.points.append( (val[0]-self.start_time, temp) )
if len(self.data.points) < 2:
return
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.col)
if len(self.data.points) >= self.NP:
self.msgwin.msg('Temperature recording finished')
self.accept_trace()
self.looping = False
def mv2cel(self,mv):
self.offset = 0.0
mv = (mv - self.offset)/self.gain
r = mv / self.ccval
# Convert resistance to temperature for PT100
r0 = 100.0
A = 3.9083e-3
B = -5.7750e-7
c = 1 - r/r0
b4ac = math.sqrt( A*A - 4 * B * c)
t = (-A + b4ac) / (2.0 * B)
print t
return t + 273
def calibrate(self,e):
try:
s = self.gaintext.get()
self.gain = float(s)
s = self.cctext.get()
self.ccval = float(s)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Error occured during calibration','red')
def intro_msg(self):
self.clear(None)
self.msgwin.clear()
self.msgwin.showtext('Resistance of the PT100 sensor is a function '+\
'of temperature. The sonsor is connected to a 1mA constant current '+\
'source an the voltage across the sensor is measured after '+\
'sufficient amplification.')
self.msgwin.showlink('Start', self.start)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Start Recording Temperature')
self.msgwin.showlink('Stop', self.stop)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Stop Recording Temperature')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save the latest trace', self.save)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save all Traces', self.save_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to a file named ')
self.fntext = Entry(None, width =20, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.fntext)
self.fntext.insert(END,'pt100.dat')
self.msgwin.showtext(' (You can change the filename)\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Analyze', self.analyze)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Process the data using Xmgrace.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Display all Traces', self.show_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to see all the data collected and ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Clear all Traces', self.clear)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Clear Everything ')
self.msgwin.showtext('\nSet Maximum Number of Readings')
if self.np_scale != None:
self.np_scale.destroy()
self.np_scale = Scale(None, command = self.set_NP, \
from_ = 10, to=1000, orient=HORIZONTAL, length=100, showvalue = 1)
self.np_scale.set(self.NP)
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.np_scale)
self.msgwin.showtext(' and the Interval between readings ')
if self.del_scale != None:
self.del_scale.destroy()
self.del_scale = Scale(None, command = self.set_delay, \
from_ = 30, to=1000, orient=HORIZONTAL, length=100, showvalue=1)
self.del_scale.set(self.delay)
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.del_scale)
self.msgwin.showtext(' milli seconds.\n')
self.msgwin.showtext('For calibration enter the amplifier gain ')
self.gaintext = Entry(None, width =10, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.gaintext)
self.gaintext.insert(END,'11.0')
self.msgwin.showtext(' and the CCS value')
self.cctext = Entry(None, width =10, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.cctext)
self.cctext.insert(END,'1.0')
self.msgwin.showtext('mA and ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here\n', self.calibrate)
class cap:
NP = 200
adc_delay = 20
delay_vals = [10,20,50,100,200,500,1000]
xlabel = 'milli seconds'
ylabel = 'Volts'
size = [100,100]
def __init__(self, parent, size, plot, msg):
self.parent = parent
self.plot2d = plot
self.msgwin = msg
x = Image.open(abs_path(photograph))
im = x.resize(size)
self.size[0] = float(size[0])
self.size[1] = float(size[1])
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
self.canvas = Canvas(parent, width = size[0], height = size[1])
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image = self.image, anchor = NW)
self.data = Data()
def enter(self, fd): #Phoenix handler 'ph' is set by the caller
self.intro_msg()
self.ph = fd
try:
self.ph.select_adc(0)
self.ph.set_adc_size(2)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection NOT Established','red')
def exit(self): # Do cleanup here
try:
self.ph.disable_set()
except:
pass
def update(self):
pass
def clear(self,e):
self.data.clear()
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
def save(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def analyze(self,e):
self.data.analyze(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def save_all(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save_all(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def capture_trace(self): # Collect data and store in object 'data'
# All conversion to be done here. setWorld according to 'trace'
# xscale and yscale are specified
# if axes are shown in different units
phdata = self.ph.read_block(self.NP, self.adc_delay, 0)
self.data.points = []
for k in phdata:
self.data.points.append( (k[0]/1000.0, k[1]/1000.0) )
#microsec -> millisec ; millivolts -> volts
self.data.traces.append(self.data.points)
last = self.data.points[-1][0]
second = self.data.points[-2][0]
xmax = last + (last-second)
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, xmax, 5) # Set scale factors
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel, self.ylabel) # axes & labels
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.data.get_col())
def discharge(self,w):
self.ph.write_outputs(8)
time.sleep(1)
self.ph.enable_set_low(3)
self.capture_trace()
def charge(self,w):
self.ph.write_outputs(0)
time.sleep(1)
self.ph.enable_set_high(3)
self.capture_trace()
def set_adc_delay(self,w):
d = self.adc_scale.get()
self.adc_delay = self.delay_vals[d]
if self.ph == None:
return
self.ph.set_adc_delay(self.adc_delay)
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, self.NP * self.adc_delay/1000.0, 5)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def calc_cap(self,e):
if self.data.points == []:
return
x = self.restext.get()
try:
R = float(x)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Set the Resistance value', 'red')
return
import phmath, math
dat = []
for k in self.data.points:
dat.append([k[0], k[1]])
res = phmath.fit_exp(dat)
fit = []
for k in res[0]:
fit.append([k[0],k[2]])
self.data.traces.append(fit)
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.plot2d.line(fit, self.col)
RC = -1.0/res[1][1]
C = RC/R
# print res[1][1], RC, R, C
ss = 'RC = %4.3f . C = %4.3f\n'%(RC,C)
self.msgwin.showtext(ss)
def refresh(self,e):
self.intro_msg()
def intro_msg(self):
self.clear(None)
self.msgwin.clear()
self.msgwin.showtext('Connect the Capacitor from CH0 to GND and '+\
'Resistor from D3out to CH0. The Blue Texts are the Commands.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Charge', self.charge)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Discharge.', self.discharge)
self.msgwin.showtext(' ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Fit the Discharge Curve', self.calc_cap)
self.msgwin.showtext(' and calculate the value of capacitance for R = ')
self.restext = Entry(None, width = 4, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.restext)
self.restext.insert(END,'1.0')
self.msgwin.showtext(' KOhm.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save Last Trace', self.save)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save all Traces', self.save_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to a text file named ')
self.fntext = Entry(None, width =20, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.fntext)
self.fntext.insert(END,'cap.dat')
self.msgwin.showtext(' ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Clear Traces', self.clear)
self.msgwin.showtext(' ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Xmgrace', self.analyze)
self.msgwin.showtext(' ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Refresh', self.refresh)
self.msgwin.showtext('\n')
self.adc_scale = Scale(None, command = self.set_adc_delay, \
from_ = 0, to=6, orient=HORIZONTAL, length=100, showvalue=0)
self.adc_scale.set(1)
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.adc_scale)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Change time scale according to RC time constant.\n')
class induction:
NP = 200
adc_delay = 500
delay_vals = [200,500,1000]
looping = False
xlabel = 'milli seconds'
ylabel = 'Volts'
size = [100,100]
def __init__(self, parent, size, plot, msg):
self.parent = parent
self.plot2d = plot
self.msgwin = msg
x = Image.open(abs_path(photograph))
im = x.resize(size)
self.size[0] = float(size[0])
self.size[1] = float(size[1])
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
self.canvas = Canvas(parent, width = size[0], height = size[1])
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image = self.image, anchor = NW)
self.data = Data()
def enter(self,fd):
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, -5, self.NP * self.adc_delay/1000.0, 5)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
self.intro_msg()
self.ph = fd
try:
self.ph.select_adc(0)
self.ph.set_adc_size(2)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection NOT Established','red')
def exit(self):
self.looping = False
def clear(self,e):
self.data.clear()
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
def save(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def analyze(self,e):
self.data.analyze(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def save_all(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save_all(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def show_all(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.index = 0
for tr in self.data.traces:
self.plot2d.line(tr,self.data.get_col())
def set_adc_delay(self,w):
d = self.adc_scale.get()
self.adc_delay = self.delay_vals[d]
if self.ph == None:
return
self.ph.set_adc_delay(self.adc_delay)
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, -5, self.NP * self.adc_delay/1000, 5)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
#------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self,e):
if self.ph == None:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection not made yet', 'red')
return
phdata = self.ph.read_block(self.NP, self.adc_delay, 1)
if phdata == None:
return
self.data.points = []
for k in phdata:
self.data.points.append( (k[0]/1000.0, k[1]/1000.0) ) # scale & copy
self.limit = 0.0 # Find the present signal level
for p in self.data.points:
if abs(p[1]) > self.limit:
self.limit = abs(p[1]) + 0.1
self.looping = True
self.msgwin.msg('Scanning for Waveform (amplitude > %4.3f V)'%self.limit)
# print self.limit
def get_peaks(self):
vmin = 5.0
vmax = -5.0
t1 = t2 = 0
for p in self.data.points:
if p[1] < vmin:
vmin = p[1]
t1 = p[0]
if p[1] > vmax:
vmax = p[1]
t2 = p[0]
# print vmin, vmax
if t1 < t2: # First peak is first
return (t1,vmin), (t2,vmax)
else:
return (t2,vmax),(t1,vmin)
def accept_trace(self):
# print self.data.points
self.data.traces.append(self.data.points)
self.msgwin.msg('Waveform Captured. Click on Scan CH0 to repeat')
def update(self):
if self.ph == None:
return
if self.looping != True:
return
try:
data = self.ph.read_block(self.NP, self.adc_delay, 1)
if data == None: return
except:
return
self.data.points = []
for k in data:
self.data.points.append( (k[0]/1000.0, k[1]/1000.0) )
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points,'black')
for p in self.data.points:
if abs(p[1]) > self.limit:
self.peaks = self.get_peaks()
tmax = self.NP * self.adc_delay / 1000.0 # micro to milli secs
if self.peaks[0][0] > 0.2*tmax and self.peaks[1][0] < 0.8*tmax:
self.looping = False
self.accept_trace()
break
def intro_msg(self):
self.clear(None)
self.msgwin.clear()
self.msgwin.showtext('Connect the coil as shown in the figure.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here', self.start)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to start scanning.\n'+\
'Drop the magnet into the coil from some height, until a trace is captured.\n'+\
'You can repeat the whole process to acquire several waveforms.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save', self.save)
self.msgwin.showtext(' the latest trace or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save all Traces', self.save_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to a file named ')
self.fntext = Entry(None, width =20, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.fntext)
self.fntext.insert(END,'ind.dat')
self.msgwin.showtext(' Send the data to ')
self.msgwin.showlink('XmGrace', self.analyze)
self.msgwin.showtext('\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('View All', self.show_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Traces captured so far. ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Clear all Traces', self.clear)
class gravity:
NP = 400
tmax = 10.0 # We digitize oscillations for 10 seconds
maxcount = 10
looping = False
xlabel = 'Number'
ylabel = 'g'
size = [100,100]
scale = None
def __init__(self, parent, size, plot, msg):
self.parent = parent
self.plot2d = plot
self.msgwin = msg
x = Image.open(abs_path(photograph))
im = x.resize(size)
self.size[0] = float(size[0])
self.size[1] = float(size[1])
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
self.canvas = Canvas(parent, width = size[0], height = size[1])
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image = self.image, anchor = NW)
self.data = Data()
def enter(self, p):
self.ph = p
self.intro_msg()
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, -5, self.tmax, 5)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
def exit(self):
self.looping = False
def update(self):
pass
def clear(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.clear()
def save(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def analyze(self,e):
self.data.analyze(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def save_all(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save_all(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def show_all(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.index = 0
for tr in self.data.traces:
self.plot2d.line(tr,self.data.get_col())
#------------------------------------------------------------------
def attach(self,e):
x = self.lentext.get()
try:
self.length = float(x)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Set the Height', 'red')
return
if self.ph == None:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection not made yet', 'red')
return
self.ph.write_outputs(1)
self.msgwin.msg('Powered the Electromagnet')
def measure(self,e):
t = self.ph.clr2rtime(0,0)
if t < 0:
self.msgwin.msg('Timeout Error', 'red')
return
elif t < 20:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection Error', 'red')
return
t = t + 4000.0 # 4 ms correction for magnetic retention
t = t * 1.0e-6 # usec to sec
print t, self.length
g = 2.0 * self.length / t ** 2
self.msgwin.showtext('\n%7.6f\t%4.1f'%(t,g))
self.msgwin.msg('Done')
def refresh(self,e):
self.intro_msg()
def intro_msg(self):
self.msgwin.clear()
self.msgwin.showtext('Connect the Electromagnet between Digital '+\
'Output D0 and GND. '+\
'Connect the loudspeaker between GND and the input of the inverting '+\
'amplifier and set the gain resistor to 100 Ohms. '+\
' Amplifier output goes to Digital Input D0 through a 1K resistor.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here', self.attach)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to power the Electromagnet.')
self.msgwin.showtext(' Height = ')
self.lentext = Entry(None, width = 5, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.lentext)
self.lentext.insert(END,'30.0')
self.msgwin.showtext(' cm.')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here', self.measure)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to Release the Ball from the magnet.')
class diode:
NP = 500
looping = False
xlabel = 'Volts'
ylabel = 'mA'
size = [100,100]
dac_voltage = 0.0
adc_voltage = 0.0
step = 39.0
def __init__(self, parent, size, plot, msg):
self.parent = parent
self.plot2d = plot
self.msgwin = msg
x = Image.open(abs_path(photograph))
im = x.resize(size)
self.size[0] = float(size[0])
self.size[1] = float(size[1])
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
self.canvas = Canvas(parent, width = size[0], height = size[1])
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image = self.image, anchor = NW)
self.data = Data()
def enter(self, p):
self.ph = p
self.ph.select_adc(0)
self.ph.set_adc_size(2)
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, 5, 5)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
self.intro_msg()
def exit(self):
self.looping = False
def clear(self,e):
self.data.clear()
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
def save(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def analyze(self,e):
self.data.analyze(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def save_all(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save_all(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def show_all(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.index = 0
for tr in self.data.traces:
self.plot2d.line(tr,self.data.get_col())
#------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self,e):
if self.ph == None:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection not made yet', 'red')
return
if self.looping == False: # Same color if restarted in between
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.msgwin.msg('Starting Diode IV measurement')
self.data.points = []
self.looping = True
self.dac_voltage = 0.0
def accept_trace(self):
self.data.traces.append(self.data.points)
def update(self):
if self.ph == None:
return
if self.looping != True:
return
self.ph.set_voltage(self.dac_voltage)
time.sleep(0.05)
self.adc_voltage = self.ph.get_voltage()[1]
# voltage and current converted into volts
current = (self.dac_voltage - self.adc_voltage)/1000.0
self.data.points.append( (self.adc_voltage/1000.0, current))
if len(self.data.points) < 2:
return
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.col)
self.dac_voltage = self.dac_voltage + self.step
if self.dac_voltage > 5000:
self.msgwin.msg('IV Plot Done')
self.accept_trace()
self.looping = False
def intro_msg(self):
self.clear(None)
self.msgwin.clear()
self.msgwin.showtext('Make the connections as shown above. The '+\
'software changes the DAC voltage from 0 to 5V in steps and '+\
'measure the resulting voltage across the diode. The current is '+\
'calculated from the voltages at DAC and CH0, both are known. '+\
'Connect a 1 uF capacitor from CH0 to ground for better results.'+\
'You can take multiple traces. The operations are:\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Start', self.start)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Start making the IV plot\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Analyze', self.analyze)
self.msgwin.showtext(' the data using Xmgrace.\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save the latest trace', self.save)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save all Traces', self.save_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to a file named ')
self.fntext = Entry(None, width =20, fg = 'blue')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.fntext)
self.fntext.insert(END,'iv.dat')
self.msgwin.showlink('Display all Traces', self.show_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Shows the data collected so far\n')
self.msgwin.showlink('Clear all Traces', self.clear)
self.msgwin.showtext(' Clears all the data ')
class gm:
NP = 400
countrate = 100.0 # Assume a 100 Hz count rate
numtrials = 5 # 5 trials default
duration = 1 # count for one second
tube_voltage = 0.0
VMIN = 300.0
VOPT = 500.0
VMAX = 902.0
looping = False
xlabel = 'Trial'
ylabel = 'Count'
size = [100,100]
scale = None
def __init__(self, parent, size, plot, msg):
self.parent = parent
self.plot2d = plot
self.msgwin = msg
x = Image.open(abs_path(photograph))
im = x.resize(size)
self.size[0] = float(size[0])
self.size[1] = float(size[1])
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
self.canvas = Canvas(parent, width = size[0], height = size[1])
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image = self.image, anchor = NW)
self.data = Data()
def enter(self, p):
self.ph = p
self.ph.select_adc(0)
self.ph.set_adc_size(2)
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, self.countrate, self.numtrials)
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
self.tube_voltage = self.ph.gm_set_voltage(self.VOPT)
self.intro_msg()
def exit(self):
self.looping = False
def clear(self,e):
if self.looping == True: return
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.clear()
def save(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def analyze(self,e):
self.data.analyze(self.xlabel, self.ylabel)
def save_all(self,e):
fname = self.fntext.get()
if fname == None:
return
self.data.save_all(fname)
self.msgwin.msg('Data saved to '+ fname)
def show_all(self,e):
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.data.index = 0
for tr in self.data.traces:
self.plot2d.line(tr,self.data.get_col())
#------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self,e):
x = self.durationtext.get()
try:
self.duration = int(x)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Set the Duration of Counting', 'red')
return
x = self.trialstext.get()
try:
self.numtrials = int(x)
except:
self.numtrials = 5
if self.ph == None:
self.msgwin.msg('Connection not made yet', 'red')
return
if self.looping == False: # Same color if restarted
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.tube_voltage = self.ph.gm_set_voltage(self.tube_voltage)
self.msgwin.msg('GM tube Counting Radiation.')
self.msgwin.label.update()
self.count = 0
gmc = self.ph.gm_get_count(self.duration)
self.msgwin.showtext('\nCounts : %d '%(gmc))
self.data.points = [(self.count, gmc)]
self.plot2d.setWorld(0, 0, self.numtrials, gmc * 1.5 + 5)
self.xlabel = 'Trial'
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
self.count = self.count + 1
self.looping = True
self.doing_gmchar = False
def start_gmgraph(self,e):
x = self.durationtext.get()
try:
self.duration = int(x)
except:
self.msgwin.msg('Set the Duration of Counting', 'red')
return
if self.looping == False: # Same color if restarted
self.col = self.data.get_col()
self.msgwin.msg('Drawing GM tube Characteristic (will take time)')
self.msgwin.label.update()
self.count = 0
self.tube_voltage = self.ph.gm_set_voltage(self.VOPT)
gmc_max = self.ph.gm_get_count(self.duration)
self.plot2d.setWorld(self.VMIN, 0, self.VMAX*1.1, gmc_max * 2 + 5)
self.xlabel = 'Voltage'
self.plot2d.mark_axes(self.xlabel,self.ylabel)
self.tube_voltage = self.ph.gm_set_voltage(self.VMIN)
gmc = self.ph.gm_get_count(self.duration)
self.msgwin.showtext('\n(%4.0f,%d) '%(self.tube_voltage,gmc))
self.data.points = [(self.tube_voltage, gmc)]
self.count = self.count + 1
self.looping = True
self.doing_gmchar = True
def accept_trace(self):
self.data.traces.append(self.data.points)
def update(self):
if self.looping == False:
return
if self.doing_gmchar == True:
if self.tube_voltage < 400:
self.tube_voltage = self.ph.gm_set_voltage(self.tube_voltage + 20)
else:
self.tube_voltage = self.ph.gm_set_voltage(self.tube_voltage + 50)
gmc = self.ph.gm_get_count(self.duration)
self.data.points.append((self.tube_voltage, gmc))
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.col, smooth=False)
self.msgwin.showtext('(%4.0f,%d) '%(self.tube_voltage,gmc))
self.count = self.count + 1
if self.tube_voltage > self.VMAX:
self.looping = False
self.msgwin.msg('GM Tube Characteristic Done.')
# self.ph.gm_set_voltage(self.VOPT)
self.set_tv(None)
self.accept_trace()
else:
gmc = self.ph.gm_get_count(self.duration)
self.data.points.append((self.count, gmc))
self.plot2d.delete_lines()
self.plot2d.line(self.data.points, self.col, smooth=False)
self.msgwin.showtext('%d '%(gmc))
self.count = self.count + 1
if self.count >= self.numtrials:
self.looping = False
self.msgwin.msg('Counting Over after %d trials'%self.numtrials)
self.accept_trace()
def set_tv(self, e):
ss = self.tv_text.get()
try:
vset = float(ss)
except:
vset = 0
self.tube_voltage = self.ph.gm_set_voltage(vset)
ss = '%5.0f'%self.tube_voltage
self.gmtv_value.set(ss)
def refresh(self,e):
self.intro_msg()
def intro_msg(self):
self.msgwin.clear()
self.msgwin.showtext('Connections: (1)Yellow - CNTR (2) Green - CH0 '+\
'(3) Blue - PWG (4) Black - GND (5) Red - 5V.\n','red')
self.msgwin.showtext('Enter the Tube voltage ')
self.tv_text = Entry(None, width = 5, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.tv_text)
self.tv_text.insert(END, '500')
self.msgwin.showtext('Volts and ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here ', self.set_tv)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to set it. Current Tube Voltage is ')
self.gmtv_value = StringVar()
self.gmtv_label = Label(None, width=5, textvariable = self.gmtv_value)
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.gmtv_label)
ss = '%5.0f'%self.tube_voltage
self.gmtv_value.set(ss)
self.msgwin.showtext('Volts\n')
self.msgwin.showtext('Set the duration of Counting to')
self.durationtext = Entry(None, width = 5, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.durationtext)
self.durationtext.insert(END,'1')
self.msgwin.showtext('seconds and number of trials to')
self.trialstext = Entry(None, width = 5, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.trialstext)
self.trialstext.insert(END,str(self.numtrials))
self.msgwin.showtext('.')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here', self.start)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to start counting. ')
self.msgwin.showtext('For tube Characteristic ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Click Here', self.start_gmgraph)
self.msgwin.showtext('\n');
self.msgwin.showlink('Save the latest trace', self.save)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Save all Traces', self.save_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' to a text file named ')
self.fntext = Entry(None, width =15, fg = 'red')
self.msgwin.showwindow(self.fntext)
self.fntext.insert(END,'gmcount.dat')
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Analyze', self.analyze)
self.msgwin.showtext(' data online using Xmgrace.\n')
self.msgwin.showtext('You can also do ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Display all Traces', self.show_all)
self.msgwin.showtext(' , ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Clear all Traces', self.clear)
self.msgwin.showtext(' or ')
self.msgwin.showlink('Refresh This Window', self.refresh)
self.msgwin.showtext('\n')