def test_testcdd2(number_type, assert_matrix_equal):
mat = cdd.Matrix([[7,-3,-0],[7,0,-3],[1,1,0],[1,0,1]],
number_type=number_type)
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
assert_matrix_equal(
list(mat), [(7,-3,-0),(7,0,-3),(1,1,0),(1,0,1)])
gen = cdd.Polyhedron(mat).get_generators()
assert gen.rep_type == cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
assert_matrix_equal(
list(gen),
[(1, Fraction(7, 3), -1),
(1, -1, -1,),
(1, -1, Fraction(7, 3)),
(1, Fraction(7, 3), Fraction(7, 3))])
# add an equality and an inequality
mat.extend([[7, 1, -3]], linear=True)
mat.extend([[7, -3, 1]])
assert_matrix_equal(
list(mat), [(7,-3,-0),(7,0,-3),(1,1,0),(1,0,1),(7,1,-3),(7,-3,1)])
assert list(mat.lin_set) == [4]
gen2 = cdd.Polyhedron(mat).get_generators()
assert gen2.rep_type == cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
assert_matrix_equal(
list(gen2),
[(1, -1, 2), (1, 0, Fraction(7, 3))])
def __init__(self, cddinner, cddouter):
"""Default constructor, uses cdd representation of
inner/outer for initialization
cddinner: cdd matrix for the initial inner approximation
cddouter: cdd matrix for the initial outer approximation"""
polyinner = cdd.Polyhedron(cddinner)
polyouter = cdd.Polyhedron(cddouter)
self.inner = Polygon(
np.array(polyinner.get_generators())[:, 1:],
np.array(polyinner.get_inequalities()))
self.outer = Polygon(
np.array(polyouter.get_generators())[:, 1:],
np.array(polyouter.get_inequalities()))
self.correspondences = [None] * self.inner.vertices.shape[0]
for i, v in enumerate(self.inner.vertices):
dists = []
for j, e in enumerate(self.outer.edges):
ineq = self.outer.inequalities[e[0], :]
dist = abs(ineq[0] + v.dot(ineq[1:]))
dists.append((j, dist))
j_min, dist = min(dists, key=lambda x: x[1])
assert dist < 1e-7, "No inequality matches this vertex : {}".format(
v)
self.correspondences[i] = j_min
print(self.correspondences)
assert (all([c is not None for c in self.correspondences]))
def __computeHRepresentation(self, polygon):
# transform this intersection into half-space representation (A x <= b) using Pycddlib package
x_partition_polygon, y_partition_polygon = polygon.exterior.xy
x_partition_polygon.pop(0) # remove the first element since it is equal to the last one
y_partition_polygon.pop(0) # remove the first element since it is equal to the last one
# The Pycddlib asks to put a flag equal to "1" in the begining along with the x-y coordinates
# of each point.
points = [[1, x_partition_polygon[i], y_partition_polygon[i]] for i in range(len(x_partition_polygon))]
matrix_cdd = cdd.Matrix(points, number_type='float')
matrix_cdd.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
poly_cdd = cdd.Polyhedron(matrix_cdd)
polygon_halfspace = poly_cdd.get_inequalities()
# this function returns the half-space representation one Matrix object with [b -A] elements inside
b = np.empty([polygon_halfspace.row_size, 1])
A = np.empty([polygon_halfspace.row_size, polygon_halfspace.col_size - 1])
for row_index in range(polygon_halfspace.row_size):
row = polygon_halfspace.__getitem__(row_index)
b[row_index] = row[0]
A[row_index, :] = [-1 * x for x in row[1:polygon_halfspace.col_size]]
return A, b
def cdd_invalidate_vreps(backend, poly):
offset = poly.offsets[-1]
direction = poly.directions[-1]
keys = []
for key, vrep in poly.vrep_dic.items():
try:
valid = all(offset + vrep[:, 1:].dot(direction.T) < 0)
except IndexError as e:
print("Error :( ")
valid = True
if not valid:
keys.append(key)
if key in poly.hrep_dic:
poly.hrep_dic[key].extend(np.hstack((offset, -direction)))
for key in keys:
if key in poly.hrep_dic:
A_e = poly.hrep_dic[key]
else:
A_e = poly.outer.copy()
A_e.extend(cdd.Matrix(-line.reshape(1, line.size)))
A_e.canonicalize()
poly.hrep_dic[key] = A_e
vol = backend.volume_convex(A_e)
poly.volume_dic[key] = vol
volumes.append(vol)
poly.vrep_dic[key] = np.array(cdd.Polyhedron(A_e).get_generators())
def span_to_face(V):
"""
Convert a polyhedral cone from span form
C = {Vz | z >= 0}.
to face form
C = {x | Ax <= 0}
"""
# V-representation [t V], where t=0 for rays
tV = np.hstack([np.zeros((V.shape[1], 1)), V.T])
mat = cdd.Matrix(tV, number_type='float')
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
P = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
# H-representation [b -A], where Ax <= b
ineq = P.get_inequalities()
H = np.array(ineq)
#assert np.all(H[:,0] == 0), "Ax <= b, but b is nonzero!"
A = []
for i in xrange(H.shape[0]):
if i not in ineq.lin_set:
A.append(-H[i, 1:])
return np.asarray(A)
def __init__(self, varsid):
start = time.time()
# krelu on variables in varsid
self.varsid = varsid
self.k = len(varsid)
cdd_hrepr = self.get_ineqs(varsid)
check_pt1 = time.time()
cdd_hrepr = cdd.Matrix(cdd_hrepr, number_type='fraction')
cdd_hrepr.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
pts = self.get_orthant_points(cdd_hrepr)
# Generate extremal points in the space of variables before and
# after relu
pts = [([1] + row + [x if x > 0 else 0 for x in row]) for row in pts]
cdd_vrepr = cdd.Matrix(pts, number_type='fraction')
cdd_vrepr.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
# Convert back to H-repr.
cons = cdd.Polyhedron(cdd_vrepr).get_inequalities()
cons = np.asarray(cons, dtype=np.float64)
# normalize constraints for numerical stability
# more info: http://files.gurobi.com/Numerics.pdf
absmax = np.absolute(cons).max(axis=1)
self.cons = cons / absmax[:, None]
end = time.time()
return
def determine_H_rep(self):
if not self.in_V_rep:
raise ValueError(
'Cannot determine H representation: no V representation')
if not self.is_full_dimensional or self.n < 2: # TODO: fix this
# Use cdd, which handles this case.
# cdd needs a column of ones to the left of V (zeros indicate rays):
V_cdd = cdd.Matrix(np.hstack((np.ones((self.nV, 1)), self.V)),
number_type='float')
V_cdd.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR # specifies that this is V-rep
P_cdd = cdd.Polyhedron(V_cdd)
H_cdd = P_cdd.get_inequalities()
H_bmA = np.array(H_cdd) # cdd's format of H is [b, -A]
# Find the indices of inequalities Ax <= b (i_ineq_rows) and equations
# Ax = b (i_eq_rows). lin_set is a a frozenset with indices of
# equalities/equations Ax = b.
i_ineq_rows = list(set(range(H_cdd.col_size)) - H_cdd.lin_set)
i_eq_rows = list(H_cdd.lin_set)
A_ineq = H_bmA[i_ineq_rows, 1:]
b_ineq = H_bmA[[i_ineq_rows], [0]].T
A_eq = H_bmA[i_eq_rows, 1:]
b_eq = H_bmA[[i_eq_rows], [0]].T
A = np.vstack((A_ineq, A_eq, -A_eq))
b = np.vstack((b_ineq, b_eq, -b_eq))
self._set_Ab(A, b)
else: # use Qhull
H = ConvexHull(self.V).equations # Qhull's format of H is [A, -b]
A, b_negative = np.split(H, [-1], axis=1)
self._set_Ab(A, -b_negative)
def test_make_vertex_adjacency_list(number_type):
# The following lines test that poly.get_adjacency_list()
# returns the correct adjacencies.
# We start with the H-representation for a cube
mat = cdd.Matrix([[1, 1, 0 ,0],
[1, 0, 1, 0],
[1, 0, 0, 1],
[1, -1, 0, 0],
[1, 0, -1, 0],
[1, 0, 0, -1]],
number_type=number_type)
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
poly = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
adjacency_list = poly.get_adjacency()
# Family size should equal the number of vertices of the cube (8)
assert len(adjacency_list) == 8
# All the vertices of the cube should be connected by three other vertices
assert [len(adj) for adj in adjacency_list] == [3]*8
# The vertices must be numbered consistently
# The first vertex is adjacent to the second, fourth and eighth
# (note the conversion to a pythonic numbering system)
adjacencies = [[1, 3, 7],
[0, 2, 6],
[1, 3, 4],
[0, 2, 5],
[2, 5, 6],
[3, 4, 7],
[1, 4, 7],
[0, 5, 6]]
for i in range(8):
assert list(adjacency_list[i]) == adjacencies[i]
def determine_V_rep(self): # also determines rays R (not implemented)
# Vertex enumeration from halfspace representation using cdd.
# TODO: shift the polytope to the center? (centroid? Chebyshev center?)
# cdd uses the halfspace representation [b, -A] | b - Ax >= 0 ==> Ax <= b.
if not self.in_H_rep:
raise ValueError(
'Cannot determine V representation: no H representation')
b_mA = np.hstack((self.b, -self.A)) # [b, -A]
H = cdd.Matrix(b_mA, number_type='float')
H.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY # specifies that this is H-rep
H_P = cdd.Polyhedron(H)
# From the get_generators() documentation: For a polyhedron described as
# P = conv(v_1, ..., v_n) + nonneg(r_1, ..., r_s),
# the V-representation matrix is [t V] where t is the column vector with
# n ones followed by s zeroes, and V is the stacked matrix of n vertex
# row vectors on top of s ray row vectors.
P_tV = H_P.get_generators() # type(P_tV): <class 'cdd.Matrix'>
tV = np.array(P_tV[:])
if tV.any(): # tV == [] if the Polytope is empty
V_rows = tV[:, 0] == 1 # bool array of which rows contain vertices
R_rows = tV[:, 0] == 0 # and which contain rays (~ V_rows)
V = tV[V_rows, 1:] # array of vertices (one per row)
R = tV[R_rows, 1:] # and of rays
if R_rows.any():
raise NotImplementedError('Support for rays not implemented')
else:
V = np.empty((0, self.n))
self._set_V(V)
def face_to_span(A):
"""
Convert a polyhedral cone from face form
C = {x | Ax <= 0}
to span form
C = {Vz | z >= 0}.
"""
# H-representation [b -A], where Ax <= b
H = np.hstack([np.zeros((A.shape[0], 1)), -A])
mat = cdd.Matrix(H, number_type='float')
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
P = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
# V-representation [t V], where t=0 for rays
g = P.get_generators()
tV = np.array(g)
assert np.all(tV[:, 0] == 0), "Not a cone!"
rays = []
for i in range(tV.shape[0]):
if i not in g.lin_set:
rays.append(tV[i, 1:])
V = np.asarray(rays).T
return V
def compute_polytope_halfspaces(vertices):
"""
Compute the halfspace representation (H-rep) of a polytope defined as
convex hull of a set of vertices:
.. math::
A x \\leq b
\\quad \\Leftrightarrow \\quad
x \\in \\mathrm{conv}(\\mathrm{vertices})
Parameters
----------
vertices : list of arrays
List of polytope vertices.
Returns
-------
A : array, shape=(m, k)
Matrix of halfspace representation.
b : array, shape=(m,)
Vector of halfspace representation.
"""
V = vstack(vertices)
t = ones((V.shape[0], 1)) # first column is 1 for vertices
tV = hstack([t, V])
mat = cdd.Matrix(tV, number_type='float')
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
P = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
bA = array(P.get_inequalities())
if bA.shape == (0, ): # bA == []
return bA
# the polyhedron is given by b + A x >= 0 where bA = [b|A]
b, A = array(bA[:, 0]), -array(bA[:, 1:])
return (A, b)
def compute_polytope_vertices(A, b):
"""
Compute the vertices of a polytope given in halfspace representation by
:math:`A x \\leq b`.
Parameters
----------
A : array, shape=(m, k)
Matrix of halfspace representation.
b : array, shape=(m,)
Vector of halfspace representation.
Returns
-------
vertices : list of arrays
List of polytope vertices.
"""
b = b.reshape((b.shape[0], 1))
mat = cdd.Matrix(hstack([b, -A]), number_type='float')
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
P = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
g = P.get_generators()
V = array(g)
vertices = []
for i in range(V.shape[0]):
if V[i, 0] != 1: # 1 = vertex, 0 = ray
raise Exception("Polyhedron is not a polytope")
elif i not in g.lin_set:
vertices.append(V[i, 1:])
return vertices
def qhull_volume_convex(hrep):
gen = np.array(cdd.Polyhedron(hrep).get_generators())
#If the polygon is empty or degenerate, return 0
if gen.shape[0] < 3:
return 0
points = gen[:, 1:].tolist()
return convexVolume(points)
def update_in_interval(self):
H_rep = np.zeros((0, self.nn.image_size + 1))
for layer_idx, neuron_idx in self.nn.active_relus:
eq = self.nn.layers[layer_idx]['in_sym'].upper[neuron_idx]
b, A = -eq[-1], eq[:-1]
H_rep = np.vstack((H_rep, np.hstack((-b, A))))
try:
for layer_idx, neuron_idx in self.nn.inactive_relus:
eq = self.nn.layers[layer_idx]['in_sym'].upper[neuron_idx]
b, A = -eq[-1], eq[:-1]
H_rep = np.concatenate((H_rep, np.hstack((b, -A)).reshape(
(1, 6))),
axis=0)
self.MAX_DEPTH = 2
A = cdd.Matrix(H_rep)
A.rep_type = 1
p = cdd.Polyhedron(A)
vertices = np.array(p.get_generators())[:, 1:]
hrect_min = np.min(vertices, axis=0).reshape((-1, 1))
hrect_max = np.max(vertices, axis=0).reshape((-1, 1))
new_bound = np.hstack((hrect_min, hrect_max))
new_bound[:, 1] = np.minimum(new_bound[:, 1],
self.orig_net.input_bound[:, 1])
new_bound[:, 0] = np.maximum(new_bound[:, 0],
self.orig_net.input_bound[:, 0])
except Exception as e:
new_bound = self.nn.input_bound
return new_bound
def describe_workload_space_as_halfspaces(workload_mat):
"""
Returns the workload space as the intersection of halfspaces. It starts building the V-cone
description as the nonnegative spanning of the workload vectors:
P = nonneg(Xi^T).
Then it transforms to its equivalent H-cone description as the intersection of halfspaces:
P = {x | A x >= 0}.
:param workload_mat: Workload matrix.
:return halfspaces: Matrix with rows representing vector normals to each of the hyperplanes.
"""
num_buffers = workload_mat.shape[1]
# Build V-cone: P = nonneg(\Xi^T).
generator = np.hstack((np.zeros((num_buffers, 1)), workload_mat.T))
matrix = cdd.Matrix(generator)
matrix.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
poly = cdd.Polyhedron(matrix)
# Transform to H-cone: P = {x | A x <= 0}.
b_vec_neg_a_mat = np.array(
poly.get_inequalities()) # Get the matrix [b -A].
if b_vec_neg_a_mat.size > 0:
halfspaces = b_vec_neg_a_mat[:, 1:] # Get -A such that -A x >= 0.
else:
halfspaces = None
return halfspaces
def build_cone(nr_generators, mu, axis, offset_angle=0):
origin = np.array([[0, 0, 0]])
angles = [
offset_angle + 2 * np.pi * i / nr_generators
for i in range(nr_generators)
]
local_points = [
np.array([[mu * np.cos(x), mu * np.sin(x), 1.]]).T for x in angles
]
zaxis = np.array([[0., 0., 1.]]).T
R = rotate_axis(zaxis, axis)
points = np.vstack([(R.dot(p)).T for p in local_points])
all_points = np.vstack((origin, points))
vertextypes = np.vstack([np.ones((1, 1)), np.zeros((points.shape[0], 1))])
cdd_points = np.hstack((vertextypes, all_points))
mat = cdd.Matrix(cdd_points)
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
poly = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
ineqs = np.array(poly.get_inequalities())[:-1, :]
return ineqs
def test_vertex_incidence_cube(number_type):
# The following lines test that poly.get_vertex_incidence()
# returns the correct incidences.
# We start with the H-representation for a cube
mat = cdd.Matrix([[1, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0, 1], [1, -1, 0, 0],
[1, 0, -1, 0], [1, 0, 0, -1]],
number_type=number_type)
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
poly = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
incidence = poly.get_incidence()
# Family size should equal the number of vertices of the cube (8)
assert len(incidence) == 8
# All the vertices of the cube should mark the incidence of 3 facets
assert [len(inc) for inc in incidence] == [3] * 8
# The vertices must be numbered consistently
# The first vertex is adjacent to the second, fourth and eighth
# (note the conversion to a pythonic numbering system)
incidence_list = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 5], [3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4], [0, 4, 5],
[0, 2, 4], [0, 1, 5], [0, 1, 2]]
for i in range(8):
assert sorted(list(incidence[i])) == incidence_list[i]
def project_polytope_cdd(A, b, C, d, E, f):
"""
Project a polytope using cdd.
The initial polytope is defined by:
A * x <= b
C * x == d (optional, disabled by setting C or d to None)
The output (projection) is computed from:
y = E * x + f
See <http://www.roboticsproceedings.org/rss11/p28.pdf> for details.
"""
b = b.reshape((b.shape[0], 1))
# the input [b, -A] to cdd.Matrix represents (b - A * x >= 0)
# see ftp://ftp.ifor.math.ethz.ch/pub/fukuda/cdd/cddlibman/node3.html
linsys = cdd.Matrix(hstack([b, -A]), number_type='float')
linsys.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
if C and d:
# the input [d, -C] to cdd.Matrix.extend represents (d - C * x == 0)
# see ftp://ftp.ifor.math.ethz.ch/pub/fukuda/cdd/cddlibman/node3.html
d = d.reshape((d.shape[0], 1))
linsys.extend(hstack([d, -C]), linear=True)
# Convert from H- to V-representation
linsys.canonicalize()
P = cdd.Polyhedron(linsys)
generators = P.get_generators()
# if generators.lin_set:
# print "Generators have linear set:", generators.lin_set
V = array(generators)
# Project output wrenches to 2D set
vertices, rays = [], []
free_coordinates = []
for i in xrange(V.shape[0]):
# f_gi = dot(Gs, V[i, 1:])[:3]
if generators.lin_set and i in generators.lin_set:
free_coordinates.append(list(V[i, 1:]).index(1.))
elif V[i, 0] == 1: # vertex
# p_Z = (z_Z - z_G) * f_gi / (- mass * 9.81) + p_G
p_Z = dot(E, V[i, 1:]) + f
vertices.append(p_Z)
else: # ray
# r_Z = (z_Z - z_G) * f_gi / (- mass * 9.81)
r_Z = dot(E, V[i, 1:])
rays.append(r_Z)
# print "Computed area (cdd): %d vertices, %d rays, %d free coordinates" \
# % (len(vertices), len(rays), len(free_coordinates))
# if free_coordinates:
# print "Free coordinates: ", free_coordinates
return vertices, rays
def qhull_convexify_polyhedron(hrep):
gen = np.array(cdd.Polyhedron(hrep).get_generators())
#If the polygon is empty or degenerate, return 0
if gen.shape[0] < 3:
return 0
points = gen[:, 1:].tolist()
pout = convexHull(points)
return np.array(pout)
def verts2ineqs(verts):
'computes (dense) inequalities from vertices'
v = np.array(verts)
# prepend 1 to denote vertices
v = np.hstack((np.ones((v.shape[0], 1)), v))
V = cdd.Matrix(v, number_type=NT)
V.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
H = cdd.Polyhedron(V).get_inequalities()
return np.array(H)
def ineqs2verts(ineqs):
'computes (dense) inequalities from vertices'
h = np.array(ineqs)
H = cdd.Matrix(h, number_type=NT)
H.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
V = cdd.Polyhedron(H).get_generators()
v, r = split_gens(V)
assert r.size == 0, 'generating rays found: %s' % V
return v
def check_all_inequalities(self, com_positions, poly):
V = hstack([ones((len(poly), 1)), array(poly)])
M = cdd.Matrix(V, number_type='float')
M.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
P = cdd.Polyhedron(M)
H = array(P.get_inequalities())
b, A = H[:, 0], H[:, 1:]
for com in com_positions:
if not all(dot(A, com[:2]) + b >= 0):
raise Exception("Unstable CoM")
def cgal_convexify_polyhedron(hrep):
gen = np.array(cdd.Polyhedron(hrep).get_generators())
#If the polygon is empty or degenerate, return 0
if gen.shape[0] < 3:
return 0
points = [Point_3(x, y, z) for x, y, z in gen[:, 1:]]
poly = Polyhedron_3()
convex_hull_3(points, poly)
lines = [np.array([as_list(p)]) for p in poly.points()]
return np.vstack(lines)
def test_set_float_polyhedron_rep_type():
mat = cdd.Matrix([[1, 0, 1], [1, 1, 0], [1, 1, 1], [1, 0, 0]],
number_type='float')
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
poly = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
poly.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
assert(poly.rep_type == cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY)
poly.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
assert(poly.rep_type == cdd.RepType.GENERATOR)
def _test_sampleh1(number_type=None, assert_matrix_equal=None):
mat = cdd.Matrix([[2, -1, -1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0]],
number_type=number_type)
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
poly = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
ext = poly.get_generators()
nose.tools.assert_equal(ext.rep_type, cdd.RepType.GENERATOR)
assert_matrix_equal(list(ext), [(1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 2, 0, 0), (1, 0, 2, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 1)])
# note: first row is 0, so fourth row is 3
nose.tools.assert_equal(list(ext.lin_set), [3])
def find_direction(self, poly, plot=False):
self.build_polys(poly)
volumes = []
try:
ineq = np.array(cdd.Polyhedron(poly.inner).get_inequalities())
except RuntimeError:
raise SteppingException('Numerical inconsistency found')
for line in ineq:
key = hashlib.sha1(line).hexdigest()
if key in poly.volume_dic:
volumes.append(poly.volume_dic[key])
else:
if key in poly.hrep_dic:
A_e = poly.hrep_dic[key]
else:
A_e = poly.outer.copy()
A_e.extend(cdd.Matrix(-line.reshape(1, line.size)))
A_e.canonicalize()
poly.hrep_dic[key] = A_e
if plot:
poly.reset_fig()
poly.plot_polyhedrons()
poly.plot_polyhedron(A_e, 'm', 0.5)
poly.show()
vol = self.volume_convex(A_e)
poly.volume_dic[key] = vol
volumes.append(vol)
poly.vrep_dic[key] = np.array(
cdd.Polyhedron(A_e).get_generators())
maxv = max(volumes)
alli = [i for i, v in enumerate(volumes) if v == maxv]
i = random.choice(alli)
key = hashlib.sha1(ineq[i, :]).hexdigest()
self.last_hrep = poly.hrep_dic[key]
return -ineq[i, 1:]
def test_from_points():
A = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0], [1, 0, 1]])
mat = cdd.Matrix(A.tolist(), number_type='fraction')
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.GENERATOR
cdd_poly = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
ineq = np.array(cdd_poly.get_inequalities())
ppl_poly = pyparma.Polyhedron(hrep=ineq)
assert (equal_sorted(A, ppl_poly.vrep()))
def area_convex(hrep):
try:
gen = np.array(cdd.Polyhedron(hrep).get_generators())
except RuntimeError: # Whenever numerical inconsistency is found
return 0
#If the polygon is empty or degenerate, return 0
if gen.shape[0] < 3:
return 0
p = np.vstack([gen, gen[0, :]])
x, y = p[:, 1], p[:, 2]
poly = geom.Polygon(list(zip(x, y)))
return poly.convex_hull.area
def H_to_V(A, b):
"""
Converts a polyhedron in H-representation to
one in V-representation using pycddlib.
"""
# define cdd problem and convert representation
if len(b.shape) == 1:
b = np.expand_dims(b, axis=1)
mat_np = np.concatenate([b, -A], axis=1)
if mat_np.dtype in [np.int32, np.int64]:
nt = 'fraction'
else:
nt = 'float'
mat_list = mat_np.tolist()
mat_cdd = cdd.Matrix(mat_list, number_type=nt)
mat_cdd.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
poly = cdd.Polyhedron(mat_cdd)
gen = poly.get_generators()
# convert the cddlib output data structure to numpy
V_list = []
R_list = []
lin_set = gen.lin_set
V_lin_idx = []
R_lin_idx = []
for i in range(gen.row_size):
g = gen[i]
g_type = g[0]
g_vec = g[1:]
if i in lin_set:
is_linear = True
else:
is_linear = False
if g_type == 1:
V_list.append(g_vec)
if is_linear:
V_lin_idx.append(len(V_list) - 1)
elif g_type == 0:
R_list.append(g_vec)
if is_linear:
R_lin_idx.append(len(R_list) - 1)
else:
raise ValueError('Generator data structure is not valid.')
V = np.asarray(V_list)
R = np.asarray(R_list)
# by convention of cddlib, those rays assciated with R_lin_idx
# are not constrained to non-negative coefficients
if len(R) > 0:
R = np.concatenate([R, -R[R_lin_idx, :]], axis=0)
return V, R
def get_v_representation(self, A, b):
h_rep = np.append(b, -A, axis=1) #cdd needs [b -A]
mat = cdd.Matrix(h_rep, number_type='float')
mat.rep_type = cdd.RepType.INEQUALITY
poly = cdd.Polyhedron(mat)
dd = poly.get_generators()
V = np.asarray(dd)
return (V[:, 0] > 0.5), V[:, 1:]