def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus({"total_num_virtual_procs": 4})
nest.ResetNetwork()
nest.set_verbosity('M_DEBUG')
self.sim_time = 10000
self.sim_step = 100
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{'structural_plasticity_update_interval': self.sim_time + 1})
self.se_integrator = []
self.sim_steps = None
self.ca_nest = None
self.ca_python = None
self.se_nest = None
self.se_python = None
# build
self.pop = nest.Create('iaf_psc_alpha', 10)
local_nodes = nest.GetNodes([0], {'model': 'iaf_psc_alpha'}, True)
self.local_nodes = local_nodes[0]
self.spike_detector = nest.Create('spike_detector')
nest.Connect(self.pop, self.spike_detector, 'all_to_all')
noise = nest.Create('poisson_generator')
nest.SetStatus(noise, {"rate": 800000.0})
nest.Connect(noise, self.pop, 'all_to_all')
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus({"total_num_virtual_procs": 4})
nest.ResetNetwork()
nest.set_verbosity('M_DEBUG')
self.sim_time = 10000
self.sim_step = 100
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{'structural_plasticity_update_interval': self.sim_time + 1})
self.se_integrator = []
self.sim_steps = None
self.ca_nest = None
self.ca_python = None
self.se_nest = None
self.se_python = None
# build
self.pop = nest.Create('iaf_psc_alpha', 10)
self.local_nodes = nest.GetNodes([0], {'model': 'iaf_psc_alpha'}, True)[0]
self.spike_detector = nest.Create('spike_detector')
nest.Connect(self.pop, self.spike_detector, 'all_to_all')
noise = nest.Create('poisson_generator')
nest.SetStatus(noise, {"rate": 800000.0})
nest.Connect(noise, self.pop, 'all_to_all')
def setUp(self):
"""Set up the test."""
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
# settings
self.dendritic_delay = 1.0
self.decay_duration = 5.0
self.synapse_model = "vogels_sprekeler_synapse"
self.syn_spec = {
"model": self.synapse_model,
"delay": self.dendritic_delay,
"weight": 5.0,
"eta": 0.001,
"alpha": 0.1,
"tau": 20.,
"Kplus": 0.0,
"Wmax": 15.,
}
# setup basic circuit
self.pre_neuron = nest.Create("parrot_neuron")
self.post_neuron = nest.Create("parrot_neuron")
nest.Connect(self.pre_neuron, self.post_neuron,
syn_spec=self.syn_spec)
def test_nest_instantiability(self):
# N.B. all models are assumed to have been already built (see .travis.yml)
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity("M_ALL")
nest.Install("nestml_allmodels_module")
models = nest.Models(mtype="nodes")
neuron_models = [
m for m in models
if str(nest.GetDefaults(m, "element_type")) == "neuron"
]
_neuron_models = strip_suffix(neuron_models, "_neuron")
nestml_unit_test_models = [
neuron_model_name for neuron_model_name in _neuron_models
if neuron_model_name.endswith("_nestml")
]
nest.ResetKernel()
for neuron_model in nestml_unit_test_models:
print("Instantiating neuron model: " + str(neuron_model))
nest.Create(neuron_model)
nest.Simulate(100.)
def __init__(self, dt, nthreads):
# adj, N, dt, tau_syn_ex, delay, nthreads):
self.name = self.__class__.__name__
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
self.dt = dt
# self.delay = delay
# self.adj = adj
# self.N = N
# self.tau_syn_ex = tau_syn_ex
nest.SetKernelStatus({
'resolution': self.dt,
'local_num_threads': nthreads,
"data_path": self.data_path,
"overwrite_files": True,
"print_time": False,
})
msd = 1000 # master seed
n_vp = nest.GetKernelStatus('total_num_virtual_procs')
msdrange1 = range(msd, msd + n_vp)
self.pyrngs = [np.random.RandomState(s) for s in msdrange1]
msdrange2 = range(msd + n_vp + 1, msd + 1 + 2 * n_vp)
nest.SetKernelStatus({'grng_seed': msd + n_vp, 'rng_seeds': msdrange2})
def single_neuron(spike_times, sim_duration):
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING') # reduce NEST output
nest.ResetKernel() # reset simulation kernel
# create LIF neuron with exponential synaptic currents
neuron = nest.Create('iaf_psc_exp')
# create a voltmeter
voltmeter = nest.Create('voltmeter', params={'interval': 0.1})
# create a spike generator
spikegenerator = nest.Create('spike_generator')
# ... and let it spike at predefined times
nest.SetStatus(spikegenerator, {'spike_times': spike_times})
# connect spike generator and voltmeter to the neuron
nest.Connect(spikegenerator, neuron)
nest.Connect(voltmeter, neuron)
# run simulation for sim_duration
nest.Simulate(sim_duration)
# read out recording time and voltage from voltmeter
times = nest.GetStatus(voltmeter)[0]['events']['times']
voltage = nest.GetStatus(voltmeter)[0]['events']['V_m']
# plot results
plt.plot(times, voltage)
plt.xlabel('Time (ms)')
plt.ylabel('Membrane potential (mV)')
filename = 'single_neuron.png'
plt.savefig(filename, dpi=300)
def run_simulation():
"""Performs a simulation, including network construction"""
# open log file
with Logger(params['log_file']) as logger:
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity(M_INFO)
logger.log(str(memory_thisjob()) + ' # virt_mem_0')
sr = build_network(logger)
tic = time.time()
nest.Simulate(params['presimtime'])
PreparationTime = time.time() - tic
logger.log(str(memory_thisjob()) + ' # virt_mem_after_presim')
logger.log(str(PreparationTime) + ' # presim_time')
tic = time.time()
nest.Simulate(params['simtime'])
SimCPUTime = time.time() - tic
logger.log(str(memory_thisjob()) + ' # virt_mem_after_sim')
logger.log(str(SimCPUTime) + ' # sim_time')
if params['record_spikes']:
logger.log(str(compute_rate(sr)) + ' # average rate')
print(nest.GetKernelStatus())
def test_ConnectNeuronsWithClopathSynapse(self):
"""Ensures that the restriction to supported neuron models works."""
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
# Specify supported models
supported_models = [
'aeif_psc_delta_clopath',
'hh_psc_alpha_clopath',
]
# Connect supported models with Clopath synapse
for nm in supported_models:
nest.ResetKernel()
n = nest.Create(nm, 2)
nest.Connect(n, n, {"rule": "all_to_all"},
{"model": "clopath_synapse"})
# Compute not supported models
not_supported_models = [n for n in nest.Models(mtype='nodes')
if n not in supported_models]
# Ensure that connecting not supported models fails
for nm in not_supported_models:
nest.ResetKernel()
n = nest.Create(nm, 2)
# try to connect with clopath_rule
with self.assertRaises(nest.kernel.NESTError):
nest.Connect(n, n, {"rule": "all_to_all"},
{"model": "clopath_synapse"})
def __init__(self, dt):
self.name = self.__class__.__name__
if not os.path.exists(self.data_path):
os.makedirs(self.data_path)
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_QUIET')
self.dt = dt
self.model = "{}_nestml".format(self.model_name)
nest.Install(self.module_name)
# parameters = nest.GetDefaults(self.model)
# for i in parameters:
# print(i, parameters[i])
nest.SetKernelStatus({
"resolution": dt,
"print_time": False,
"overwrite_files": True,
"data_path": self.data_path,
"local_num_threads": self.nthreads
})
def __init__(self, dt, nthreads):
self.name = self.__class__.__name__
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_QUIET')
if not os.path.exists(self.data_path):
os.makedirs(self.data_path)
nest.SetKernelStatus({
"resolution": dt,
"print_time": False,
"overwrite_files": True,
"data_path": self.data_path,
"local_num_threads": nthreads
})
np.random.seed(125472)
# Create and seed RNGs
msd = 1000 # master seed
n_vp = nest.GetKernelStatus('total_num_virtual_procs')
msdrange1 = range(msd, msd + n_vp)
self.pyrngs = [np.random.RandomState(s) for s in msdrange1]
msdrange2 = range(msd + n_vp + 1, msd + 1 + 2 * n_vp)
nest.SetKernelStatus({'grng_seed': msd + n_vp, 'rng_seeds': msdrange2})
def setUp(self):
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
# settings
self.dendritic_delay = 1.0
self.decay_duration = 5.0
self.synapse_model = "stdp_triplet_synapse"
self.syn_spec = {
"synapse_model": self.synapse_model,
"delay": self.dendritic_delay,
# set receptor 1 postsynaptically, to not generate extra spikes
"receptor_type": 1,
"weight": 5.0,
"tau_plus": 16.8,
"tau_plus_triplet": 101.0,
"Aplus": 0.1,
"Aminus": 0.1,
"Aplus_triplet": 0.1,
"Aminus_triplet": 0.1,
"Kplus": 0.0,
"Kplus_triplet": 0.0,
"Wmax": 100.0,
}
self.post_neuron_params = {
"tau_minus": 33.7,
"tau_minus_triplet": 125.0,
}
# setup basic circuit
self.pre_neuron = nest.Create("parrot_neuron")
self.post_neuron = nest.Create("parrot_neuron",
1,
params=self.post_neuron_params)
nest.Connect(self.pre_neuron, self.post_neuron, syn_spec=self.syn_spec)
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
nest.total_num_virtual_procs = 4
nest.rng_seed = 1
self.sim_time = 10000.0
self.sim_step = 100
nest.structural_plasticity_update_interval = self.sim_time + 1
self.se_integrator = []
self.sim_steps = None
self.ca_nest = None
self.ca_python = None
self.se_nest = None
self.se_python = None
# build
self.pop = nest.Create('iaf_psc_alpha', 10)
self.spike_recorder = nest.Create('spike_recorder')
nest.Connect(self.pop, self.spike_recorder, 'all_to_all')
noise = nest.Create('poisson_generator')
nest.SetStatus(noise, {"rate": 800000.0})
nest.Connect(noise, self.pop, 'all_to_all')
def setUp(self):
# test parameter
self.rtol = 0.05
# neuron parameters
self.neuron_params = {'mu': 1.5, 'sigma': 0.5, 'tau': 5.}
# simulation parameters
self.simtime = 10000.
self.dt = 0.1
self.tstart = 10. * self.neuron_params['tau']
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{'resolution': self.dt, 'use_wfr': False, 'print_time': True})
# set up rate neuron and devices
self.rate_neuron_ipn = nest.Create(
'lin_rate_ipn', params=self.neuron_params)
self.rate_neuron_opn = nest.Create(
'lin_rate_opn', params=self.neuron_params)
self.multimeter = nest.Create(
"multimeter", params={'record_from': ['rate', 'noise'],
'interval': self.dt, 'start': self.tstart})
# record rates and noise
nest.Connect(
self.multimeter, self.rate_neuron_ipn + self.rate_neuron_opn)
def test_multiple_poisson_generators(self):
"""Invariable number of spikes with multiple poisson generators"""
local_num_threads = 4
time_simulation = 100
num_neurons = 1
num_pg = 50
num_iterations = 50
num_spikes = []
for i in range(num_iterations):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus({'local_num_threads': local_num_threads})
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
print('num iter {:>5d}/{}'.format(i+1, num_iterations), end='\r')
parrots = nest.Create('parrot_neuron', num_neurons)
poisson_generator = nest.Create('poisson_generator', num_pg)
poisson_generator.rate = 2000.
nest.Connect(poisson_generator, parrots, 'all_to_all')
nest.Simulate(time_simulation)
num_spikes.append(nest.GetKernelStatus('local_spike_counter'))
self.assertEqual(len(np.unique(num_spikes)), 1)
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
self.num_procs = 1
if mpi_test:
self.comm = MPI.COMM_WORLD
self.rank = self.comm.Get_rank()
assert(nest.Rank() == self.rank)
self.num_procs = 2
self.exclude_synapse_model = [
'stdp_dopamine_synapse',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_lbl',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc_lbl',
'rate_connection_instantaneous',
'rate_connection_instantaneous_lbl',
'rate_connection_delayed',
'rate_connection_delayed_lbl',
'gap_junction',
'gap_junction_lbl',
'diffusion_connection',
'diffusion_connection_lbl',
'clopath_synapse',
'clopath_synapse_lbl'
]
def setUp(self):
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
# settings
self.dendritic_delay = 1.0
self.decay_duration = 5.0
self.synapse_model = "stdp_triplet_synapse"
self.syn_spec = {
"model": self.synapse_model,
"delay": self.dendritic_delay,
"receptor_type": 1, # set receptor 1 post-synaptically, to not generate extra spikes
"weight": 5.0,
"tau_plus": 16.8,
"tau_plus_triplet": 101.0,
"Aplus": 0.1,
"Aminus": 0.1,
"Aplus_triplet": 0.1,
"Aminus_triplet": 0.1,
"Kplus": 0.0,
"Kplus_triplet": 0.0,
"Wmax": 100.0,
}
self.post_neuron_params = {
"tau_minus": 33.7,
"tau_minus_triplet": 125.0,
}
# setup basic circuit
self.pre_neuron = nest.Create("parrot_neuron")
self.post_neuron = nest.Create("parrot_neuron", 1, params=self.post_neuron_params)
nest.Connect(self.pre_neuron, self.post_neuron, syn_spec=self.syn_spec)
def setUp(self):
# test parameter to compare analytic solution to simulation
self.rtol = 1.0
# test parameters
self.N = 100
self.rate_ex = 1.5 * 1e4
self.J = 0.1
# simulation parameters
self.simtime = 500.
self.dt = 0.1
self.start = 200.
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{'resolution': self.dt, 'use_wfr': False, 'print_time': True})
# set up driven integrate-and-fire neuron
self.iaf_psc_delta = nest.Create(
'iaf_psc_delta', self.N) # , params={"C_m": 1.0})
self.poisson_generator = nest.Create(
'poisson_generator', params={'rate': self.rate_ex})
nest.Connect(self.poisson_generator, self.iaf_psc_delta,
syn_spec={'weight': self.J, 'delay': self.dt})
self.spike_detector = nest.Create(
"spike_detector", params={'start': self.start})
nest.Connect(
self.iaf_psc_delta, self.spike_detector)
# set up driven siegert neuron
neuron_status = nest.GetStatus(self.iaf_psc_delta)[0]
siegert_params = {'tau_m': neuron_status['tau_m'],
't_ref': neuron_status['t_ref'],
'theta': neuron_status['V_th'] -
neuron_status['E_L'],
'V_reset': neuron_status['V_reset'] -
neuron_status['E_L']}
self.siegert_neuron = nest.Create(
'siegert_neuron', params=siegert_params)
self.siegert_drive = nest.Create(
'siegert_neuron', 1, params={'mean': self.rate_ex})
J_mu_ex = neuron_status['tau_m'] * 1e-3 * self.J
J_sigma_ex = neuron_status['tau_m'] * 1e-3 * self.J ** 2
syn_dict = {'drift_factor': J_mu_ex, 'diffusion_factor':
J_sigma_ex, 'model': 'diffusion_connection'}
nest.Connect(
self.siegert_drive, self.siegert_neuron, syn_spec=syn_dict)
self.multimeter = nest.Create(
"multimeter", params={'record_from': ['rate'],
'interval': self.dt})
nest.Connect(
self.multimeter, self.siegert_neuron)
def __init__(self, L, N, kernel_name, kernel_params=None):
'''
Construct a test object.
Parameters
----------
L : Side length of area / volume.
N : Number of nodes.
kernel_name : Name of kernel to use.
kernel_params: Dict with params to update.
'''
nest.set_verbosity('M_FATAL')
SpatialTester.__init__(self, L=L, N=N)
assert kernel_name == 'gaussian', 'Currently, only a Gaussian kernel' \
'is supported by this implementation of the CSA.'
self._kernel = lambda D: (self._params['c'] + self._params['p_center']
* np.e**-((D - self._params['mean'])**2 /
(2. * self._params['sigma']**2)))
default_params = {
'p_center': 1.,
'sigma': self._L / 4.,
'mean': 0.,
'c': 0.
}
self._params = default_params
if kernel_params is not None:
assert kernel_params.keys() == ['sigma'], \
'Only valid kernel parameter is "sigma".'
self._params.update(kernel_params)
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
self.num_procs = 1
if mpi_test:
self.comm = MPI.COMM_WORLD
self.rank = self.comm.Get_rank()
assert(nest.Rank() == self.rank)
self.num_procs = 2
self.exclude_synapse_model = [
'stdp_dopamine_synapse',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_lbl',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc_lbl',
'rate_connection_instantaneous',
'rate_connection_instantaneous_lbl',
'rate_connection_delayed',
'rate_connection_delayed_lbl',
'gap_junction',
'gap_junction_lbl',
'diffusion_connection',
'diffusion_connection_lbl',
'clopath_synapse',
'clopath_synapse_lbl',
'clopath_synapse_hpc'
]
def setupSimulation(self):
"""Set up the simulation."""
print("[INFO] Setting up simulation.")
# NEST stuff
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_INFO')
nest.EnableStructuralPlasticity()
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{
'resolution': self.dt
}
)
nest.SetStructuralPlasticityStatus(
{
'structural_plasticity_update_interval':
self.spUpdateInterval, }
)
self.setupSPSynapses()
self.setupLayered()
self.setupSpikeRecorders()
self.calciumFile = open(self.calciumFileName, 'w')
self.synapticElementsFile = open(self.synapticElementsFileName, 'w')
print("[INFO] Setup complete.")
def test_ConnectNeuronsWithClopathSynapse(self):
"""Ensures that the restriction to supported neuron models works."""
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
supported_models = [
'aeif_psc_delta_clopath',
'hh_psc_alpha_clopath',
]
# Connect supported models with Clopath synapse
for nm in supported_models:
nest.ResetKernel()
n = nest.Create(nm, 2)
nest.Connect(n, n, {"rule": "all_to_all"},
{"synapse_model": "clopath_synapse"})
# Ensure that connecting not supported models fails
for nm in [n for n in nest.node_models if n not in supported_models]:
nest.ResetKernel()
n = nest.Create(nm, 2)
# try to connect with clopath_rule
with self.assertRaises(nest.kernel.NESTError):
nest.Connect(n, n, {"rule": "all_to_all"},
{"synapse_model": "clopath_synapse"})
def __init__(self, N_s, N_t, p, e_min=5):
'''
Construct a test object.
Parameters
----------
N_s : Number of nodes in source population.
N_t : Number of nodes in target population.
p : Connection probability.
e_min : Minimum expected number of observations in each bin.
'''
nest.set_verbosity('M_FATAL')
FPCTester.__init__(self, N_s=N_s, N_t=N_t, p=p, e_min=e_min)
self._L = 1.
maskdict = {
'rectangular': {
'lower_left': [-self._L / 2.] * 2,
'upper_right': [self._L / 2.] * 2
}
}
kernel = self._p
self._conndict = {
'connection_type': 'divergent',
'mask': maskdict,
'kernel': kernel
}
def setUp(self):
"""
Clean up and initialize NEST before each test.
"""
# test parameter to compare analytic solution to simulation
self.rtol = 1e-1
# parameters of driven integrate-and-fire neurons
self.N = 50
lif_params = {
"V_th": -55.,
"V_reset": -70.,
"E_L": -70.,
"tau_m": 10.0,
"t_ref": 2.0,
"C_m": 250.
}
self.lif_params = lif_params
# simulation parameters
rng_seed = 123456
self.simtime = 600.
self.dt = 0.01
self.start = 100.
# reset kernel
nest.set_verbosity("M_WARNING")
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.resolution = self.dt
nest.use_wfr = False
nest.rng_seed = rng_seed
def RunSimulation():
nest.set_verbosity(M_INFO)
logger = Logger()
logger.log('{} # virt_mem_0'.format(memory_thisjob()))
# ----------------------- Network Construction -----------------------------
BuildNetwork(logger)
# ---------------- Initial simulation: rig and calibrate -------------------
tic = time.time()
nest.Prepare()
nest.Run(params['inisimtime'])
InitializationTime = time.time() - tic
logger.log('{} # init_time'.format(InitializationTime))
logger.log('{} # virt_mem_after_init'.format(memory_thisjob()))
# ----------------------- Cleanup and output -------------------------------
nest.Cleanup()
logger.log('{} # num_neurons'.format(logger_params['num_nodes']))
logger.log('{} # num_connections'.format(
nest.GetKernelStatus('num_connections')))
logger.log('{} # min_delay'.format(nest.GetKernelStatus('min_delay')))
logger.log('{} # max_delay'.format(nest.GetKernelStatus('max_delay')))
def single_neuron(spike_times, sim_duration):
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING') # reduce NEST output
nest.ResetKernel() # reset simulation kernel
# create LIF neuron with exponential synaptic currents
neuron = nest.Create('iaf_psc_exp')
# create a voltmeter
voltmeter = nest.Create('voltmeter', params={'interval': 0.1})
# create a spike generator
spikegenerator = nest.Create('spike_generator')
# ... and let it spike at predefined times
nest.SetStatus(spikegenerator, {'spike_times': spike_times})
# connect spike generator and voltmeter to the neuron
nest.Connect(spikegenerator, neuron)
nest.Connect(voltmeter, neuron)
# run simulation for sim_duration
nest.Simulate(sim_duration)
# read out recording time and voltage from voltmeter
times = nest.GetStatus(voltmeter)[0]['events']['times']
voltage = nest.GetStatus(voltmeter)[0]['events']['V_m']
# plot results
plt.plot(times, voltage)
plt.xlabel('Time (ms)')
plt.ylabel('Membrane potential (mV)')
filename = 'single_neuron.png'
plt.savefig(filename, dpi=300)
def __init__(self, dt, nthreads=1):
self.name = self.__class__.__name__
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_QUIET')
self.dt = dt
# parameters = nest.GetDefaults(self.stn_model_name)
# for i in parameters:
# print(i, parameters[i])
if not os.path.exists(self.data_path):
os.makedirs(self.data_path)
nest.SetKernelStatus({
"resolution": dt,
"print_time": False,
"overwrite_files": True,
"data_path": self.data_path,
"local_num_threads": nthreads
})
np.random.seed(2)
# Create and seed RNGs
master_seed = 1000 # master seed
n_vp = nest.GetKernelStatus('total_num_virtual_procs')
master_seed_range1 = range(master_seed, master_seed + n_vp)
self.pyrngs = [np.random.RandomState(s) for s in master_seed_range1]
master_seed_range2 = range(master_seed + n_vp + 1,
master_seed + 1 + 2 * n_vp)
nest.SetKernelStatus({
'grng_seed': master_seed + n_vp,
'rng_seeds': master_seed_range2
})
def __init__(self,
input_neurons_theta_size,
input_neurons_theta_dot_size,
liquid_neurons_size,
readout_neurons_tau1_size,
readout_neurons_tau2_size,
output_layer_weight=100.0,
thread_num=-1):
# Don't make any nest nodes or connections before this line!
nest.SetKernelStatus({
"local_num_threads":
thread_num if thread_num > 0 else multiprocessing.cpu_count()
})
nest.set_verbosity("M_ERROR") # suppress trivial messages
self.total_sim_time = 0.0
self.tau1 = np.zeros(readout_neurons_tau1_size)
self.tau2 = np.zeros(readout_neurons_tau2_size)
self.output_layer_weight = output_layer_weight
self.lsm = lsm.Lsm(input_neurons_theta_size,
input_neurons_theta_dot_size,
liquid_neurons_size,
readout_neurons_tau1_size,
readout_neurons_tau2_size,
output_layer_weight=self.output_layer_weight)
def run_simulation():
'''Performs a simulation, including network construction'''
# open log file
with Logger(params['log_file']) as logger:
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity(M_INFO)
logger.log(str(memory_thisjob()) + ' # virt_mem_0')
sdet = build_network(logger)
tic = time.time()
nest.Simulate(params['presimtime'])
PreparationTime = time.time() - tic
logger.log(str(memory_thisjob()) + ' # virt_mem_after_presim')
logger.log(str(PreparationTime) + ' # presim_time')
tic = time.time()
nest.Simulate(params['simtime'])
SimCPUTime = time.time() - tic
logger.log(str(memory_thisjob()) + ' # virt_mem_after_sim')
logger.log(str(SimCPUTime) + ' # sim_time')
if params['record_spikes']:
logger.log(str(compute_rate(sdet)) + ' # average rate')
print(nest.GetKernelStatus())
def test_targets(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ALL')
# Testing with 2 MPI processes
nest.SetKernelStatus({'resolution': 0.1, 'total_num_virtual_procs': 2})
# Update the SP interval
nest.EnableStructuralPlasticity()
nest.SetKernelStatus({
'structural_plasticity_update_interval': 1000.,
})
growth_curve = {
'growth_curve': "gaussian",
'growth_rate': 0.0001, # Beta (elements/ms)
'continuous': False,
'eta': 0.1,
'eps': 0.7,
}
structural_p_elements_E = {
'Den_ex': growth_curve,
'Den_in': growth_curve,
'Axon_ex': growth_curve
}
neuronDict = {
'V_m': -60.,
't_ref': 5.0,
'V_reset': -60.,
'V_th': -50.,
'C_m': 200.,
'E_L': -60.,
'g_L': 10.,
'E_ex': 0.,
'E_in': -80.,
'tau_syn_ex': 5.,
'tau_syn_in': 10.,
'I_e': 220.
}
nest.SetDefaults("iaf_cond_exp", neuronDict)
neuronsE = nest.Create('iaf_cond_exp', 1,
{'synaptic_elements': structural_p_elements_E})
# synapses
synDictE = {
'synapse_model': 'static_synapse',
'weight': 3.,
'pre_synaptic_element': 'Axon_ex',
'post_synaptic_element': 'Den_ex'
}
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{'structural_plasticity_synapses': {
'synapseEE': synDictE,
}})
try:
nest.Simulate(200 * 1000)
except Exception:
print(sys.exc_info()[0])
self.fail("Exception during simulation")
def __setup(self, sim_time=500.):
"""Setup the simulation
:sim_time: time for each simulation phase
:file_prefix: output file prefix
:returns: nothing
"""
nest.ResetKernel()
# http://www.nest-simulator.org/sli/setverbosity/
nest.set_verbosity('M_INFO')
nest.SetKernelStatus({
'resolution': self.dt,
'local_num_threads': 1,
'overwrite_files': True
})
# Since I've patched NEST, this doesn't actually update connectivity
# But, it's required to ensure that synaptic elements are connected
# correctly when I form or delete new connections
nest.EnableStructuralPlasticity()
nest.CopyModel("iaf_cond_exp", "tif_neuronE")
nest.SetDefaults('tif_neuronE', self.neuronDict)
# do the bits
self.__create_neurons()
self.__get_optimal_activity()
self.__grow_initial_elements()
self.__return_activity_to_hom()
self.__prepare_hypotheses()
def setUp(self):
# test parameter
self.rtol = 0.05
# neuron parameters
self.neuron_params = {'mu': 1.5, 'sigma': 0.5, 'tau': 5.}
# simulation parameters
self.simtime = 10000.
self.dt = 0.1
self.tstart = 10. * self.neuron_params['tau']
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus({
'resolution': self.dt,
'use_wfr': False,
'print_time': True
})
# set up rate neuron and devices
self.rate_neuron_ipn = nest.Create('lin_rate_ipn',
params=self.neuron_params)
self.rate_neuron_opn = nest.Create('lin_rate_opn',
params=self.neuron_params)
self.multimeter = nest.Create("multimeter",
params={
'record_from': ['rate', 'noise'],
'interval': self.dt,
'start': self.tstart
})
# record rates and noise
nest.Connect(self.multimeter,
self.rate_neuron_ipn + self.rate_neuron_opn)
def test_spike_multiplicity_pre(self):
"""Multiplicity of presynpatic spikes is correcly reproduced"""
""" TODO add here true spike multiplicity. right now this just sends
multiple spikes in the same timestep"""
nest.set_verbosity("M_WARNING")
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus({"resolution": 1.})
# set pre and postsynaptic spike times
delay = 1. # delay for connections
# set the correct real spike times for generators (correcting for
# delays)
pre_times = [100. - delay, 200. - delay]
post_times = [150. - delay]
# create parrot neurons and connect spike_generators
self.pre_parrot = nest.Create("parrot_neuron", 1)
self.post_parrot = nest.Create("parrot_neuron", 1)
# create spike_generators with these times
pre_spikes = nest.Create("spike_generator", 1,
{"spike_times": pre_times})
post_spikes = nest.Create("spike_generator", 1,
{"spike_times": post_times})
# connect twice
nest.Connect(pre_spikes, self.pre_parrot, syn_spec={"delay": delay})
nest.Connect(pre_spikes, self.pre_parrot, syn_spec={"delay": delay})
nest.Connect(post_spikes, self.post_parrot, syn_spec={"delay": delay})
pars = {'p_fail': 0., 'n_pot_conns': 1, 'tau': 10.}
nest.CopyModel('stdp_structpl_synapse_hom', 'testsyn', pars)
syn_spec = {
"model": "testsyn",
"receptor_type": 1,
}
conn_spec = {
"rule": "all_to_all",
}
# two syns, different number of potential conns
nest.Connect(self.pre_parrot,
self.post_parrot,
syn_spec=syn_spec,
conn_spec=conn_spec)
syn = nest.GetConnections(source=self.pre_parrot,
synapse_model="testsyn")
nest.Simulate(150.)
syn_defaults = nest.GetDefaults('testsyn')
val_exp = 1. / syn_defaults['tau'] * 2.
val = nest.GetStatus(syn)[0]['r_jk'][0]
self.assertAlmostEqualDetailed(
val_exp, val, "Multiple presynaptic spikes not treated properly")
def test_set_verbosity(self):
levels = [('M_ALL', 0), ('M_DEBUG', 5), ('M_STATUS', 7),
('M_INFO', 10), ('M_DEPRECATED', 18), ('M_WARNING', 20),
('M_ERROR', 30), ('M_FATAL', 40), ('M_QUIET', 100)]
for level, code in levels:
nest.set_verbosity(level)
verbosity = nest.get_verbosity()
self.assertEqual(verbosity, code)
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
self.exclude_synapse_model = [
'stdp_dopamine_synapse', 'stdp_dopamine_synapse_lbl',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc', 'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc_lbl',
'gap_junction', 'gap_junction_lbl'
]
def test_targets(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ALL')
# Testing with 2 MPI processes
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{
'resolution': 0.1,
'total_num_virtual_procs': 2
}
)
# Update the SP interval
nest.EnableStructuralPlasticity()
nest.SetStructuralPlasticityStatus({
'structural_plasticity_update_interval':
100,
})
growth_curve = {
'growth_curve': "gaussian",
'growth_rate': 0.0001, # Beta (elements/ms)
'continuous': False,
'eta': 0.1,
'eps': 0.7,
}
structural_p_elements_E = {
'Den_ex': growth_curve,
'Den_in': growth_curve,
'Axon_ex': growth_curve
}
neuronDict = {'V_m': -60.,
't_ref': 5.0, 'V_reset': -60.,
'V_th': -50., 'C_m': 200.,
'E_L': -60., 'g_L': 10.,
'E_ex': 0., 'E_in': -80.,
'tau_syn_ex': 5., 'tau_syn_in': 10.,
'I_e': 220.}
nest.SetDefaults("iaf_cond_exp", neuronDict)
neuronsE = nest.Create('iaf_cond_exp', 1, {
'synaptic_elements': structural_p_elements_E})
# synapses
synDictE = {'model': 'static_synapse',
'weight': 3.,
'pre_synaptic_element': 'Axon_ex',
'post_synaptic_element': 'Den_ex'}
nest.SetStructuralPlasticityStatus({
'structural_plasticity_synapses': {
'synapseEE': synDictE,
}
})
try:
nest.Simulate(200 * 1000)
except:
print(sys.exc_info()[0])
self.fail("Exception during simulation")
def __init__(self,
actor,
num_input=8,
num_output=2,
neuron_labels: List[str] = []):
"""
Create and connect a nest network
:param initial:
:param num_input:
:param num_output:
:return:
"""
self.actor = actor
# note that the order does not reflect the internal nest order
self.neur_ids_parrot = []
self.neur_ids_out: List[int] = []
self.neur_ids_core: np.ndarray # the neurons which are used for wiring (except spike generators)
self.neur_ids_ex = [] # includes input
self.neur_ids_hidden_in = [
] # ids of the free (not in population) in hidden layer
self.neur_ids_hidden_ex = [
] # ids of the free (not in population) in hidden layer
# store connected pairs (source, target) for reconnecting, order different from nest
self.conns: np.ndarray
self.conns_in: np.ndarray
self.conns_ex: np.ndarray
# redundance in nest format/indexing
self.conns_nest: SynapseCollection = [] # contains all stdp synapses
self.conns_nest_ex: SynapseCollection = []
self.conns_nest_in: SynapseCollection = []
self.populations_nest: List[NodeCollection] = []
self.neurons_nest_ex: NodeCollection = []
self.neurons_nest_in: NodeCollection = []
self.neurons_nest: NodeCollection = []
self.neurons_input: NodeCollection = []
self.cycles_to_reconnect = 2 # counts the cycles till a reconnect (structural plasticity) happens
self.num_input = num_input
self.num_output = num_output
self.last_num_spikes = [
] # record the number of spikes in this trial to only get new spikes for each out population
self.multimeter = None
self.synapsecontingent = 1
self.spike_detector = None
self.spike_detectors_populations = []
# log
self.lastweights: Weightstorage = [
] # only stores last entries for restoring in next episode, order like nest connections
self.neuron_labels: List[str] = neuron_labels
# after initalizing fields construct
nest.set_verbosity("M_WARNING")
self.rebuild(True)
print("Training " + str(len(self.conns_nest)) + " weights")
def test_rate_copy_model(self):
# neuron parameters
neuron_params = {'tau': 5., 'sigma': 0.}
drive = 1.5
weight = 0.5
# simulation parameters
simtime = 100.
dt = 0.001
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{'resolution': dt, 'use_wfr': True, 'print_time': False})
# set up rate neuron network
rate_neuron_drive = nest.Create(
'lin_rate_ipn', params={'mu': drive, 'sigma': 0.})
rate_neuron_1 = nest.Create(
'lin_rate_ipn', params=neuron_params)
rate_neuron_2 = nest.Create(
'lin_rate_ipn', params=neuron_params)
multimeter = nest.Create(
'multimeter', params={
'record_from': ['rate'],
'precision': 10,
'interval': dt})
# create new connection
nest.CopyModel('rate_connection_instantaneous', 'rate_connection_new')
# record rates and connect neurons
neurons = rate_neuron_1 + rate_neuron_2
nest.Connect(
multimeter, neurons, 'all_to_all', {'delay': 10.})
nest.Connect(rate_neuron_drive, rate_neuron_1,
'all_to_all', {'model': 'rate_connection_instantaneous',
'weight': weight})
nest.Connect(rate_neuron_drive, rate_neuron_2,
'all_to_all', {'model': 'rate_connection_new',
'weight': weight})
# simulate
nest.Simulate(simtime)
# make sure rates are identical
events = nest.GetStatus(multimeter)[0]['events']
senders = events['senders']
rate_1 = np.array(events['rate'][np.where(senders == rate_neuron_1)])
rate_2 = np.array(events['rate'][np.where(senders == rate_neuron_2)])
assert(np.sum(np.abs(rate_2 - rate_1)) < 1e-12)
def __nest_init(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
# nest.SetKernelStatus({"local_num_threads": 4})
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
nest.CopyModel("iaf_psc_alpha", "input_neuron", params={"V_th": -68., "t_ref": 20.})
nest.CopyModel("iaf_psc_alpha", "output_neuron", params={"V_th": -67., "t_ref": 300.})
# 具体参数待调整
nest.CopyModel("iaf_psc_alpha", "memory_neuron")
nest.CopyModel("iaf_psc_alpha", "wn_neuron")
def setUpNetwork(self, conn_dict=None, syn_dict=None, N1=None, N2=None):
if N1 is None:
N1 = self.N1
if N2 is None:
N2 = self.N2
self.pop1 = nest.Create('iaf_psc_alpha', N1)
self.pop2 = nest.Create('iaf_psc_alpha', N2)
nest.set_verbosity('M_FATAL')
nest.Connect(self.pop1, self.pop2, conn_dict, syn_dict)
def _nest_start_(n_cores=n_cores):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus({
"resolution": dt,
"print_time": True,
"overwrite_files": True,
'local_num_threads': n_cores
})
nest.set_verbosity("M_WARNING")
def build_and_connect_nodes(self, sigma, theta):
""" sets up an erfc neuron and spin detector. """
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
self.neuron = nest.Create('erfc_neuron', 1,
{'sigma': sigma, 'theta': theta})
self.detector = nest.Create('spin_detector', 1)
nest.Connect(self.neuron, self.detector)
def do_the_nest_simulation(self):
"""
This function is where calls to NEST reside.
Returns the generated pre- and post spike sequences
and the resulting weight established by STDP.
"""
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.resolution = self.resolution
presynaptic_neuron, postsynaptic_neuron = nest.Create(
"parrot_neuron",
2,
params=self.neuron_parameters)
generators = nest.Create(
"poisson_generator",
2,
params=({"rate": self.presynaptic_firing_rate,
"stop": (self.simulation_duration - self.hardcoded_trains_length)},
{"rate": self.postsynaptic_firing_rate,
"stop": (self.simulation_duration - self.hardcoded_trains_length)}))
presynaptic_generator = generators[0]
postsynaptic_generator = generators[1]
spike_senders = nest.Create(
"spike_generator",
2,
params=({"spike_times": self.hardcoded_pre_times
+ self.simulation_duration - self.hardcoded_trains_length},
{"spike_times": self.hardcoded_post_times
+ self.simulation_duration - self.hardcoded_trains_length})
)
pre_spike_generator = spike_senders[0]
post_spike_generator = spike_senders[1]
# The recorder is to save the randomly generated spike trains.
spike_recorder = nest.Create("spike_recorder")
nest.Connect(presynaptic_generator + pre_spike_generator, presynaptic_neuron,
syn_spec={"synapse_model": "static_synapse"})
nest.Connect(postsynaptic_generator + post_spike_generator, postsynaptic_neuron,
syn_spec={"synapse_model": "static_synapse"})
nest.Connect(presynaptic_neuron + postsynaptic_neuron, spike_recorder,
syn_spec={"synapse_model": "static_synapse"})
# The synapse of interest itself
nest.Connect(presynaptic_neuron, postsynaptic_neuron,
syn_spec=self.synapse_parameters)
plastic_synapse_of_interest = nest.GetConnections(synapse_model=self.synapse_parameters["synapse_model"])
nest.Simulate(self.simulation_duration)
all_spikes = nest.GetStatus(spike_recorder, keys='events')[0]
pre_spikes = all_spikes['times'][all_spikes['senders'] == presynaptic_neuron.tolist()[0]]
post_spikes = all_spikes['times'][all_spikes['senders'] == postsynaptic_neuron.tolist()[0]]
weight = nest.GetStatus(plastic_synapse_of_interest, keys='weight')[0]
return (pre_spikes, post_spikes, weight)
def setUpNetwork(self, conn_dict=None, syn_dict=None, N1=None, N2=None):
if N1 == None:
N1 = self.N1
if N2 == None:
N2 = self.N2
self.pop1 = nest.Create('iaf_neuron', N1)
self.pop2 = nest.Create('iaf_neuron', N2)
nest.set_verbosity('M_FATAL')
nest.Connect(self.pop1, self.pop2, conn_dict, syn_dict)
def run_protocol(self, dt):
"""Set up a network with pre-post spike pairings with t_post - t_pre = dt"""
nest.set_verbosity("M_WARNING")
nest.ResetKernel()
# set pre and postsynaptic spike times
delay = 1. # delay for connections
dspike = 100. # ISI
# set the correct real spike times for generators (correcting for delays)
pre_times = [100., 100. + dspike]
post_times = [k+dt for k in pre_times]
# create spike_generators with these times
pre_spikes = nest.Create("spike_generator", 1, {"spike_times": pre_times})
post_spikes = nest.Create("spike_generator", 1, {"spike_times": post_times})
# create parrot neurons and connect spike_generators
pre_parrot = nest.Create("parrot_neuron", 1)
post_parrot = nest.Create("parrot_neuron", 1)
nest.Connect(pre_spikes, pre_parrot, syn_spec={"delay": delay})
nest.Connect(post_spikes, post_parrot, syn_spec={"delay": delay})
# create spike detector
spikes = nest.Create("spike_detector")
nest.Connect(pre_parrot, spikes)
nest.Connect(post_parrot, spikes)
# connect both parrot neurons with a stdp synapse onto port 1
# thereby spikes transmitted through the stdp connection are
# not repeated postsynaptically.
syn_spec = {
"model": "stdp_synapse",
"receptor_type": 1, # set receptor 1 postsynaptically, to not generate extra spikes
}
conn_spec = {
"rule": "one_to_one",
}
nest.Connect(pre_parrot, post_parrot, syn_spec=syn_spec, conn_spec=conn_spec)
# get STDP synapse and weight before protocol
syn = nest.GetConnections(source=pre_parrot, synapse_model="stdp_synapse")
syn_status = nest.GetStatus(syn)[0]
w_pre = syn_status['weight']
last_time = max(pre_times[-1], post_times[-1])
nest.Simulate(last_time + 2 * delay)
# get weight post protocol
syn_status = nest.GetStatus(syn)[0]
w_post = syn_status['weight']
return w_pre, w_post
def create_network(network_obj, weight, JENoise, noise_rate, resolution=0.1,
verbose=True, print_time=False):
ncells = network_obj['ncells']
ncons = network_obj['ncons']
if verbose:
print "Constructing NEST network of %i nodes and %i connections." % (
ncells, ncons)
nest.ResetKernel()
nthreads = cpu_count()
if verbose:
nest.set_verbosity('M_INFO')
else:
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
nest.SetKernelStatus(dict(local_num_threads=nthreads, resolution=0.1,
print_time=print_time, overwrite_files=True))
neuron_params = dict(C_m=1.0, tau_m=20.0, t_ref=2.0, E_L=0.0, V_th=20.0)
nest.SetDefaults("iaf_neuron", neuron_params)
neuronsE = nest.Create("iaf_neuron", n=ncells)
# save GID offset of first neuron - this has the advantage that the output
# later will be independent of the point at which the neurons were created
GIDoffset = neuronsE[0]
espikes = nest.Create("spike_detector")
nest.ConvergentConnect(neuronsE, espikes)
noise = nest.Create("poisson_generator", n=1, params=dict(rate=noise_rate))
# Warning: delay is overwritten later if weights are given!
nest.SetDefaults("tsodyks_synapse",
dict(delay=1.5, tau_rec=500., tau_fac=0., U=0.3))
nest.CopyModel("tsodyks_synapse", "exc", dict(weight=weight))
nest.CopyModel("static_synapse", "poisson", dict(weight=JENoise))
# every neuron gets the same noisy input???
nest.DivergentConnect(noise, neuronsE, model="poisson")
for node in network_obj['nodes']:
presyn_index = node['id']
postsyn_indices = node['connectedTo']
nest.DivergentConnect(
[neuronsE[presyn_index]], # from, list of len 1
[neuronsE[ii] for ii in postsyn_indices], # to, list
model='exc', # synapse model
)
return ncells, ncons, neuronsE, espikes, noise, GIDoffset
def nestSetup(self):
"""Common nest stuff."""
# NEST stuff
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_INFO')
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{
'resolution': self.dt
}
)
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity("M_ERROR")
self.exclude_synapse_model = [
"stdp_dopamine_synapse",
"stdp_dopamine_synapse_lbl",
"stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc",
"stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc_lbl",
"gap_junction",
"gap_junction_lbl",
]
def test_ParrotNeuronIncomingMultiplicity(self):
"""
Check parrot_neuron heeds multiplicity information in incoming spikes.
This test relies on the fact that poisson_generator transmits
multiple spikes during a time step using multiplicity, and that
these spikes are delivered directly, i.e., without multiplicity-
unrolling in send_remote().
We create a high-rate poisson_generator. If parrot_neuron
ignored multiplicity, it would only transmit one spike per time
step. We chain two parrot_neurons to check against any loss.
Note: Even though we test parrot_neuron_ps, we drive it with the
plain poisson_generator, since only that generator uses multiplicity.
"""
# set up source spike generator, as well as parrot neurons
h = 0.1 # ms
rate = 1000000. # spikes / s
delay = 1. # ms
t_base = 1000. # ms
t_sim = t_base + 3 * delay # after t_sim, spikes from t_base arrived
spikes_expected = rate * t_base / 1000.
spikes_std = math.sqrt(spikes_expected)
# if the test is to be meaningful we must expect signficantly more
# spikes than time steps
assert spikes_expected - 3 * spikes_std > 10. * t_sim / h, \
"Internal inconsistency: too few spikes."
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus({
'resolution': h,
'grng_seed': 123,
'rng_seeds': [456]
})
source = nest.Create('poisson_generator', params={'rate': rate})
parrots = nest.Create('parrot_neuron_ps', 2)
detect = nest.Create('spike_detector', params={'precise_times': True})
nest.Connect(source, parrots[:1], syn_spec={'delay': delay})
nest.Connect(parrots[:1], parrots[1:], syn_spec={'delay': delay})
nest.Connect(parrots[1:], detect)
nest.Simulate(_round_up(t_sim))
n_spikes = nest.GetStatus(detect)[0]['n_events']
assert n_spikes > spikes_expected - 3 * spikes_std, \
"parrot_neuron loses spikes."
assert n_spikes < spikes_expected + 3 * spikes_std, \
"parrot_neuron adds spikes."
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
self.exclude_synapse_model = [
'stdp_dopamine_synapse',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_lbl',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc_lbl',
'gap_junction',
'gap_junction_lbl'
]
def single_neuron_task(spike_times, sim_duration):
'''
Task Manifest Version: 1
Full Name: single_neuron_task
Caption: Single neuron
Author: NEST Developers
Description: |
This script simulates a neuron stimulated by spikes
with predefined times and creates a plot of the membrane
potential trace.
Simulator: NEST (http://nest-simulator.org)
Categories:
- NEST
Compatible_queues: ['cscs_viz', 'cscs_bgq', 'epfl_viz']
Accepts:
spike_times:
type: list(double)
description: Spike times in ms at which the neuron is stimulated (e.g., [10, 50]).
sim_duration:
type: double
description: Simulation duration in ms (e.g., 100).
Returns:
res: image/png
'''
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING') # reduce NEST output
nest.ResetKernel() # reset simulation kernel
# create LIF neuron with exponential synaptic currents
neuron = nest.Create('iaf_psc_exp')
# create a voltmeter
voltmeter = nest.Create('voltmeter', params={'interval': 0.1})
# create a spike generator
spikegenerator = nest.Create('spike_generator')
# ... and let it spike at predefined times
nest.SetStatus(spikegenerator, {'spike_times': spike_times})
# connect spike generator and voltmeter to the neuron
nest.Connect(spikegenerator, neuron)
nest.Connect(voltmeter, neuron)
# run simulation for sim_duration
nest.Simulate(sim_duration)
# read out recording time and voltage from voltmeter
times = nest.GetStatus(voltmeter)[0]['events']['times']
voltage = nest.GetStatus(voltmeter)[0]['events']['V_m']
# plot results
plt.plot(times, voltage)
plt.xlabel('Time (ms)')
plt.ylabel('Membrane potential (mV)')
filename = 'single_neuron_task.png'
plt.savefig(filename, dpi=300)
return single_neuron_task.task.uri.save_file(mime_type='image/png',
src_path=filename,
dst_path=filename)
def prepare_simulation(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
'''
We set global kernel parameters. Here we define the resolution
for the simulation, which is also the time resolution for the update
of the synaptic elements.
'''
nest.SetKernelStatus(
{
'resolution': self.dt
}
)
'''
Set Structural Plasticity synaptic update interval which is how often
the connectivity will be updated inside the network. It is important
to notice that synaptic elements and connections change on different
time scales.
'''
nest.SetStructuralPlasticityStatus({
'structural_plasticity_update_interval': self.update_interval,
})
'''
Now we define Structural Plasticity synapses. In this example we create
two synapse models, one for excitatory and one for inhibitory synapses.
Then we define that excitatory synapses can only be created between a
pre synaptic element called 'Axon_ex' and a post synaptic element
called Den_ex. In a similar manner, synaptic elements for inhibitory
synapses are defined.
'''
nest.CopyModel('static_synapse', 'synapse_ex')
nest.SetDefaults('synapse_ex', {'weight': self.psc_e, 'delay': 1.0})
nest.CopyModel('static_synapse', 'synapse_in')
nest.SetDefaults('synapse_in', {'weight': self.psc_i, 'delay': 1.0})
nest.SetStructuralPlasticityStatus({
'structural_plasticity_synapses': {
'synapse_ex': {
'model': 'synapse_ex',
'post_synaptic_element': 'Den_ex',
'pre_synaptic_element': 'Axon_ex',
},
'synapse_in': {
'model': 'synapse_in',
'post_synaptic_element': 'Den_in',
'pre_synaptic_element': 'Axon_in',
},
}
})
def setUp(self):
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
# set up source spike generator, as well as parrot neurons
self.spike_time = 1.
self.delay = .2
self.source = nest.Create("spike_generator", 1, {"spike_times": [self.spike_time]})
self.parrot = nest.Create('parrot_neuron')
self.spikes = nest.Create("spike_detector")
# record source and parrot spikes
nest.Connect(self.source, self.spikes)
nest.Connect(self.parrot, self.spikes)
def compute_transfer(self, i_mean=(400.0, 900.0, 50.0),
i_std=(0.0, 600.0, 50.0)):
'''
We loop through all possible combinations of (I_mean, I_sigma)
and measure the output rate of the neuron.
'''
self.i_range = numpy.arange(*i_mean)
self.std_range = numpy.arange(*i_std)
self.rate = numpy.zeros((self.i_range.size, self.std_range.size))
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
for n, i in enumerate(self.i_range):
print('I = {0}'.format(i))
for m, std in enumerate(self.std_range):
self.rate[n, m] = self.output_rate(i, std)
def test_set_verbosity(self):
levels = [('M_ALL', 0),
('M_DEBUG', 5),
('M_STATUS', 7),
('M_INFO', 10),
('M_DEPRECATED', 18),
('M_WARNING', 20),
('M_ERROR', 30),
('M_FATAL', 40),
('M_QUIET', 100)
]
for level, code in levels:
nest.set_verbosity(level)
verbosity = nest.get_verbosity()
self.assertEqual(verbosity, code)
def test_SynapseFunctionWithAeifModel(self):
"""Ensure that spikes are properly processed"""
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
# Create neurons and devices
nrns = nest.Create('aeif_psc_delta_clopath', 2, {'V_m': -70.6})
prrt_nrn = nest.Create('parrot_neuron', 1)
spike_times = [10.0]
sg = nest.Create('spike_generator', 1, {'spike_times': spike_times})
mm = nest.Create('multimeter', params={
'record_from': ['V_m'], 'interval': 1.0})
nest.Connect(sg, prrt_nrn)
nest.Connect(mm, nrns)
# Connect one neuron with static connection
conn_dict = {'rule': 'all_to_all'}
static_syn_dict = {'model': 'static_synapse',
'weight': 2.0, 'delay': 1.0}
nest.Connect(prrt_nrn, nrns[0:1], conn_dict, static_syn_dict)
# Connect one neuron with Clopath stdp connection
cl_stdp_syn_dict = {'model': 'clopath_synapse',
'weight': 2.0, 'delay': 1.0}
nest.Connect(prrt_nrn, nrns[1:2], conn_dict, cl_stdp_syn_dict)
# Simulation
nest.Simulate(20.)
# Evaluation
data = nest.GetStatus(mm)
senders = data[0]['events']['senders']
voltages = data[0]['events']['V_m']
vm1 = voltages[np.where(senders == 1)]
vm2 = voltages[np.where(senders == 2)]
# Compare results for static synapse and Clopath stdp synapse
self.assertTrue(np.allclose(vm1, vm2, rtol=1e-5))
# Check that a spike with weight 2.0 is processes properly
# in the aeif_psc_delta_clopath model
self.assertTrue(np.isclose(vm2[11]-vm2[10], 2.0, rtol=1e-5))
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_ERROR')
self.num_procs = 1
if mpi_test:
self.comm = MPI.COMM_WORLD
self.rank = self.comm.Get_rank()
assert(nest.Rank() == self.rank)
self.num_procs = 2
self.exclude_synapse_model = [
'stdp_dopamine_synapse',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_lbl',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc_lbl',
'gap_junction',
'gap_junction_lbl',
]
def setUp(self):
nest.set_verbosity('M_WARNING')
nest.ResetKernel()
# setting up the neuron and the generators
self.neuron = nest.Create('iaf_psc_alpha', params={'V_reset': -65.0})
self.t_origin = 5.0
self.t_start = 2.5
self.t_stop = 40.0
self.t_next = 25.0
self.i_amp = 500.0
self.i_off = 50.0
self.ac = nest.Create('ac_generator', 1,
params={'amplitude': self.i_amp,
'offset': self.i_off,
'frequency': 50.0, 'phase': 45.0,
'origin': self.t_origin,
'start': self.t_start,
'stop': self.t_stop})
nest.Connect(self.ac, self.neuron)
self.dc = nest.Create('dc_generator', 1,
params={'amplitude': self.i_amp,
'origin': self.t_origin,
'start': self.t_start,
'stop': self.t_stop})
nest.Connect(self.dc, self.neuron)
times = [self.t_start, self.t_next]
currents = [self.i_amp / 4, self.i_amp / 2]
params = {'amplitude_times': times, 'amplitude_values': currents,
'origin': self.t_origin, 'start': self.t_start,
'stop': self.t_stop}
self.step = nest.Create("step_current_generator", 1, params)
nest.Connect(self.step, self.neuron)
self.noise = nest.Create('noise_generator', 1,
params={'mean': self.i_amp, 'std': 0.0,
'dt': 0.1, 'std_mod': 0.0,
'phase': 45.0, 'frequency': 50.0,
'origin': self.t_origin,
'start': self.t_start,
'stop': self.t_stop})
nest.Connect(self.noise, self.neuron)
def setUp(self):
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.set_verbosity('M_INFO')
self.exclude_synapse_model = [
'stdp_dopamine_synapse',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_lbl',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc',
'stdp_dopamine_synapse_hpc_lbl',
'gap_junction',
'gap_junction_lbl',
'diffusion_connection',
'diffusion_connection_lbl',
'rate_connection_instantaneous',
'rate_connection_instantaneous_lbl',
'rate_connection_delayed',
'rate_connection_delayed_lbl'
]
def test_ParrotNeuronIncomingMultiplicity(self):
"""
Check parrot_neuron heeds multiplicity information in incoming spikes.
This test relies on the fact that poisson_generator transmits
multiple spikes during a time step using multiplicity, and that
these spikes are delivered directly, i.e., without multiplicity-
unrolling in send_remote().
We create a high-rate poisson_generator. If parrot_neuron
ignored multiplicity, it would only transmit one spike per time
step. We chain two parrot_neurons to check against any loss.
"""
# set up source spike generator, as well as parrot neurons
h = 0.1 # ms
rate = 1000000.0 # spikes / s
delay = 1.0 # ms
t_base = 1000.0 # ms
t_sim = t_base + 3 * delay # after t_sim, spikes from t_base arrived
spikes_expected = rate * t_base / 1000.0
spikes_std = math.sqrt(spikes_expected)
# if the test is to be meaningful we must expect signficantly more
# spikes than time steps
assert spikes_expected - 3 * spikes_std > 10.0 * t_sim / h, "Internal inconsistency: too few spikes."
nest.set_verbosity("M_WARNING")
nest.ResetKernel()
nest.SetKernelStatus({"resolution": h, "grng_seed": 123, "rng_seeds": [456]})
source = nest.Create("poisson_generator", params={"rate": rate})
parrots = nest.Create("parrot_neuron", 2)
detect = nest.Create("spike_detector")
nest.Connect(source, parrots[:1], syn_spec={"delay": delay})
nest.Connect(parrots[:1], parrots[1:], syn_spec={"delay": delay})
nest.Connect(parrots[1:], detect)
nest.Simulate(t_sim)
n_spikes = nest.GetStatus(detect)[0]["n_events"]
assert n_spikes > spikes_expected - 3 * spikes_std, "parrot_neuron loses spikes."
assert n_spikes < spikes_expected + 3 * spikes_std, "parrot_neuron adds spikes."
