def main():
logger = SummaryWriter('/home/xiu/databag/deblur/pretrain/finetune/')
# ----------------------------------------
# load kernels
# ----------------------------------------
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
PSF_grid = np.load('./data/ZEMAX-AC254-075-A-new.npz')['PSF']
PSF_grid = PSF_grid.astype(np.float32)
kw, kh = PSF_grid.shape[:2]
for w_ in range(kw):
for h_ in range(kh):
PSF_grid[w_, h_] = PSF_grid[w_, h_] / np.sum(PSF_grid[w_, h_],
axis=(0, 1))
# ----------------------------------------
# build
# ----------------------------------------
model = net(n_iter=8,
h_nc=64,
in_nc=4,
out_nc=3,
nc=[64, 128, 256, 512],
nb=3,
act_mode="R",
downsample_mode='strideconv',
upsample_mode="convtranspose")
model.load_state_dict(
torch.load('/home/xiu/databag/deblur/usrnet_ours_epoch10.pth'),
strict=True)
model.train()
for _, v in model.named_parameters():
v.requires_grad = True
model = model.to(device)
train_imgs = glob.glob('/home/xiu/databag/deblur/images/*/**.png',
recursive=True)
train_imgs.sort()
n_stage = 5
n_batch = 3
n_epoch = 200
w_patch = 128
n_patch = 2
ab_buffer = np.ones(
(n_batch, PSF_grid.shape[0] * PSF_grid.shape[1], 2 * n_stage + 1, 3),
dtype=np.float32) * 0.1
ab_param = torch.tensor(ab_buffer, device=device, requires_grad=True)
params = []
params += [{"params": [ab_param], "lr": 1e-4}]
for key, value in model.named_parameters():
params += [{"params": [value], "lr": 1e-4}]
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(params, lr=1e-4)
img_index = np.arange(len(train_imgs))
global_iter = 0
expand = PSF_grid.shape[2] // 2
for epoch in range(n_epoch):
np.random.shuffle(img_index)
for iteration in range(len(train_imgs) // n_batch):
imgs = []
for ii in range(n_batch):
imgs.append(
cv2.imread(train_imgs[img_index[iteration * n_batch +
ii]]))
global_iter += 1
x = []
y = []
k = []
vis_L = []
vis_H = []
vis_E = []
for img in imgs:
w, h = img.shape[:2]
x_start = np.random.randint(
0, w - w_patch * n_patch - expand * 2 + 1)
y_start = np.random.randint(
0, h - w_patch * n_patch - expand * 2 + 1)
px = np.random.randint(0, PSF_grid.shape[0] - n_patch)
py = np.random.randint(0, PSF_grid.shape[1] - n_patch)
patch_H = img[x_start:x_start + w_patch * n_patch + expand * 2,
y_start:y_start + w_patch * n_patch + expand * 2]
patch_L = util_deblur.blockConv2d(
patch_H, PSF_grid[px:px + n_patch, py:py + n_patch],
expand)
vis_L.append(patch_L)
vis_H.append(patch_H[expand:-expand, expand:-expand])
patch_L_wrap = util_deblur.wrap_boundary_liu(
patch_L, (w_patch * n_patch + expand * 2,
w_patch * n_patch + expand * 2))
patch_L_wrap = np.hstack(
(patch_L_wrap[:, -expand:, :],
patch_L_wrap[:, :w_patch * n_patch + expand, :]))
patch_L_wrap = np.vstack(
(patch_L_wrap[-expand:, :, :],
patch_L_wrap[:w_patch * n_patch + expand, :, :]))
x_L = util.uint2single(patch_L_wrap)
x_blocky = []
for h_ in range(n_patch):
for w_ in range(n_patch):
x_blocky.append(x_L[w_*w_patch:w_*w_patch+w_patch+expand*2,\
h_*w_patch:h_*w_patch+w_patch+expand*2:])
x_blocky = [util.single2tensor4(el) for el in x_blocky]
x_blocky = torch.cat(x_blocky, dim=0)
k_all = []
for w_ in range(n_patch):
for h_ in range(n_patch):
k_all.append(
util.single2tensor4(PSF_grid[h_ + px, w_ + py]))
k_all = torch.cat(k_all, dim=0)
x_gt = util.uint2single(patch_H[expand:-expand,
expand:-expand])
x_gt = util.single2tensor4(x_gt)
y.append(x_blocky)
x.append(x_gt)
k.append(k_all)
ab = F.softplus(ab_param)
loss = 0
for i in range(n_batch):
yy = y[i].to(device)
kk = k[i].to(device)
xx = x[i].to(device)
xE = model.forward_patchdeconv(yy, kk, ab[i],
[n_patch, n_patch], w_patch)
loss += F.l1_loss(xE[-2], xx)
vis_E.append(util.tensor2uint(xE[-2]))
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if global_iter % 10 == 0:
print('iter {}: loss{}.'.format(global_iter, loss.item()))
logger.add_scalar('finetune-loss', loss.item(), global_iter)
for i in range(n_batch):
show1 = np.hstack((vis_H[i], vis_L[i], vis_E[i]))
logger.add_image('show-{}'.format(i),
util.uint2tensor3(show1[:, :, ::-1]))
logger.flush()
def main():
logger = SummaryWriter('/home/xiu/databag/deblur/pretrain/full/')
# ----------------------------------------
# load kernels
# ----------------------------------------
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
all_PSFs = load_kernels('./data')
# ----------------------------------------
# build
# ----------------------------------------
model = net(n_iter=8,
h_nc=64,
in_nc=4,
out_nc=3,
nc=[64, 128, 256, 512],
nb=3,
act_mode="R",
downsample_mode='strideconv',
upsample_mode="convtranspose")
model.train()
for _, v in model.named_parameters():
v.requires_grad = True
model = model.to(device)
train_imgs = glob.glob('/home/xiu/databag/deblur/images/*/**.png',
recursive=True)
train_imgs.sort()
n_stage = 5
n_batch = 3
n_epoch = 200
w_patch = 128
n_patch = 2
ab_buffer = np.ones((n_batch, n_patch * n_patch, 2 * n_stage + 1, 3),
dtype=np.float32) * 0.1
ab_param = torch.tensor(ab_buffer, device=device, requires_grad=True)
params = []
params += [{"params": [ab_param], "lr": 1e-4}]
for key, value in model.named_parameters():
params += [{"params": [value], "lr": 1e-4}]
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(params, lr=1e-4)
img_index = np.arange(len(train_imgs))
global_iter = 0
PSFs = []
for i in range(n_batch):
if i % 2 == 0:
PSFs.append(get_kernels(all_PSFs, n_patch))
else:
PSFs.append(rand_kernels(n_patch))
expands = []
for i in range(n_batch):
expands.append(PSFs[i].shape[2] // 2)
for epoch in range(n_epoch):
np.random.shuffle(img_index)
for iteration in range(len(train_imgs) // n_batch):
imgs = []
for ii in range(n_batch):
imgs.append(
cv2.imread(train_imgs[img_index[iteration * n_batch +
ii]]))
global_iter += 1
if global_iter % 100 == 0:
PSFs = []
for i in range(n_batch):
if i % 2 == 0:
PSFs.append(get_kernels(all_PSFs, n_patch))
else:
PSFs.append(rand_kernels(n_patch))
expands = []
for i in range(n_batch):
expands.append(PSFs[i].shape[2] // 2)
x = []
y = []
k = []
vis_L = []
vis_H = []
vis_E = []
for img, expand, PSF in zip(imgs, expands, PSFs):
w, h = img.shape[:2]
x_start = np.random.randint(
0, w - w_patch * n_patch - expand * 2 + 1)
y_start = np.random.randint(
0, h - w_patch * n_patch - expand * 2 + 1)
patch_H = img[x_start:x_start + w_patch * n_patch + expand * 2,
y_start:y_start + w_patch * n_patch + expand * 2]
patch_L = util_deblur.blockConv2d(patch_H, PSF, expand)
vis_L.append(patch_L)
vis_H.append(patch_H[expand:-expand, expand:-expand])
patch_L_wrap = util_deblur.wrap_boundary_liu(
patch_L, (w_patch * n_patch + expand * 2,
w_patch * n_patch + expand * 2))
patch_L_wrap = np.hstack(
(patch_L_wrap[:, -expand:, :],
patch_L_wrap[:, :w_patch * n_patch + expand, :]))
patch_L_wrap = np.vstack(
(patch_L_wrap[-expand:, :, :],
patch_L_wrap[:w_patch * n_patch + expand, :, :]))
x_L = util.uint2single(patch_L_wrap)
x_blocky = []
for h_ in range(n_patch):
for w_ in range(n_patch):
x_blocky.append(x_L[w_*w_patch:w_*w_patch+w_patch+expand*2,\
h_*w_patch:h_*w_patch+w_patch+expand*2:])
x_blocky = [util.single2tensor4(el) for el in x_blocky]
x_blocky = torch.cat(x_blocky, dim=0)
k_all = []
for w_ in range(n_patch):
for h_ in range(n_patch):
k_all.append(util.single2tensor4(PSF[h_, w_]))
k_all = torch.cat(k_all, dim=0)
x_gt = util.uint2single(patch_H[expand:-expand,
expand:-expand])
x_gt = util.single2tensor4(x_gt)
y.append(x_blocky)
x.append(x_gt)
k.append(k_all)
ab = F.softplus(ab_param)
loss = 0
for i in range(n_batch):
yy = y[i].to(device)
kk = k[i].to(device)
xx = x[i].to(device)
xE = model.forward_patchdeconv(yy, kk, ab[i],
[n_patch, n_patch], w_patch)
loss += F.l1_loss(xE[-2], xx)
vis_E.append(util.tensor2uint(xE[-2]))
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if global_iter % 10 == 0:
print('iter {}: loss{}.'.format(global_iter, loss.item()))
logger.add_scalar('train-loss', loss.item(), global_iter)
for i in range(n_batch):
show1 = np.hstack((vis_H[i], vis_L[i], vis_E[i]))
logger.add_image('show-{}'.format(i),
util.uint2tensor3(show1[:, :, ::-1]))
logger.flush()
ab_numpy = ab.detach().cpu().numpy()[:, :, 0, 0]
ab_numpy = ab_numpy.flatten()
torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'usrnet_ours_epoch{}.pth'.format(epoch))
np.savetxt('ab_ours.txt', ab_numpy)
def main():
# ----------------------------------------
# load kernels
# ----------------------------------------
#PSF_grid = np.load('./data/Schuler_PSF01.npz')['PSF']
#PSF_grid = np.load('./data/Schuler_PSF_bench.npz')['PSF']
PSF_grid = np.load('./data/Heidel_PSF_plano.npz')['PSF']
#PSF_grid = np.load('./data/ZEMAX-LA1608.npz')['PSF']
#PSF_grid = np.load('./data/Schuler_PSF03.npz')['PSF']
#PSF_grid = np.load('./data/PSF.npz')['PSF']
PSF_grid = PSF_grid.astype(np.float32)
gx, gy = PSF_grid.shape[:2]
for xx in range(gx):
for yy in range(gy):
PSF_grid[xx, yy] = PSF_grid[xx, yy] / np.sum(PSF_grid[xx, yy],
axis=(0, 1))
# ----------------------------------------
# load model
# ----------------------------------------
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
model = net(n_iter=8,
h_nc=64,
in_nc=4,
out_nc=3,
nc=[64, 128, 256, 512],
nb=3,
act_mode="R",
downsample_mode='strideconv',
upsample_mode="convtranspose")
#model.train()
#model.load_state_dict(torch.load('./data/usrgan.pth'), strict=True)
#model.load_state_dict(torch.load('./data/usrnet.pth'), strict=True)
model.load_state_dict(
torch.load('/home/xiu/databag/deblur/usrnet_ours_epoch10.pth'),
strict=True)
for _, v in model.named_parameters():
v.requires_grad = True
model = model.to(device)
imgs = glob.glob('/home/xiu/databag/deblur/images/*/**.png',
recursive=True)
imgs.sort()
patch_size = 3 * 128
num_patch = 3
expand = PSF_grid.shape[2] // 2
#positional alpha-beta parameters for HQS
stage = 5
ab_buffer = np.ones((gx, gy, 2 * stage + 1, 3), dtype=np.float32) * 0.1
ab_buffer[:, :, 0, :] = 0.01
ab = torch.tensor(ab_buffer, device=device, requires_grad=True)
params = []
params += [{"params": [ab], "lr": 1e-3}]
for key, value in model.named_parameters():
params += [{"params": [value], "lr": 1e-4}]
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(params, lr=1e-4)
running = True
while running:
#alpha.beta
img_idx = np.random.randint(len(imgs))
img = imgs[img_idx]
img_H = cv2.imread(img)
w, h = img_H.shape[:2]
px_start = np.random.randint(0, gx - num_patch + 1)
py_start = np.random.randint(0, gy - num_patch + 1)
x_start = np.random.randint(0, w - patch_size - expand * 2 + 1)
y_start = np.random.randint(0, h - patch_size - expand * 2 + 1)
PSF_patch = PSF_grid[px_start:px_start + num_patch,
py_start:py_start + num_patch]
patch_H = img_H[x_start:x_start + patch_size + expand * 2,
y_start:y_start + patch_size + expand * 2]
patch_L = util_deblur.blockConv2d(patch_H, PSF_patch, expand)
block_size = patch_size // num_patch
block_expand = max(patch_size // 16, expand)
if block_expand > 0:
patch_L_wrap = util_deblur.wrap_boundary_liu(
patch_L,
(patch_size + block_expand * 2, patch_size + block_expand * 2))
#centralize
patch_L_wrap = np.hstack(
(patch_L_wrap[:, -block_expand:, :],
patch_L_wrap[:, :patch_size + block_expand, :]))
patch_L_wrap = np.vstack(
(patch_L_wrap[-block_expand:, :, :],
patch_L_wrap[:patch_size + block_expand, :, :]))
else:
patch_L_wrap = patch_L
if block_expand > 0:
x = util.uint2single(patch_L_wrap)
else:
x = util.uint2single(patch_L)
x_blocky = []
for h_ in range(num_patch):
for w_ in range(num_patch):
x_blocky.append(x[w_*block_size:w_*block_size+block_size+block_expand*2,\
h_*block_size:h_*block_size+block_size+block_expand*2:])
x_blocky = [util.single2tensor4(el) for el in x_blocky]
x_blocky = torch.cat(x_blocky, dim=0)
k_all = []
for w_ in range(num_patch):
for h_ in range(num_patch):
k_all.append(util.single2tensor4(PSF_patch[h_, w_]))
k = torch.cat(k_all, dim=0)
x_gt = util.uint2single(patch_H[expand:-expand, expand:-expand])
x_gt = util.single2tensor4(x_gt)
[x_blocky, x_gt, k] = [el.to(device) for el in [x_blocky, x_gt, k]]
#cd = F.softplus(ab[px_start:px_start+num_patch,py_start:py_start+num_patch].reshape(num_patch**2,2*stage+1,1,1))
#for n_iter in range(optim_iter):
cd = F.softplus(ab[px_start:px_start + num_patch,
py_start:py_start + num_patch])
cd = cd.view(num_patch**2, 2 * stage + 1, 3)
x_E = model.forward_patchdeconv(x_blocky,
k,
cd, [num_patch, num_patch],
patch_sz=patch_size // num_patch)
loss = 0
#for xx in x_E[::2]:
loss = F.l1_loss(x_E[-2], x_gt)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
print('loss {}'.format(loss.item()))
x_E = x_E[:-1]
patch_L = patch_L_wrap.astype(np.uint8)
patch_E = util.tensor2uint(x_E[-1])
patch_E_all = [util.tensor2uint(pp) for pp in x_E]
patch_E_z = np.hstack((patch_E_all[::2]))
patch_E_x = np.hstack((patch_E_all[1::2]))
patch_E_show = np.vstack((patch_E_z, patch_E_x))
if block_expand > 0:
show = np.hstack((patch_H[expand:-expand, expand:-expand],
patch_L[block_expand:-block_expand,
block_expand:-block_expand], patch_E))
else:
show = np.hstack((patch_H[expand:-expand,
expand:-expand], patch_L, patch_E))
#get kernel
#cv2.imshow('stage',patch_E_show)
#rgb = np.hstack((patch_E[:,:,0],patch_E[:,:,1],patch_E[:,:,2]))
cv2.imshow('HL', show)
#cv2.imshow('RGB',rgb)
key = cv2.waitKey(1)
if key == ord('q'):
running = False
break
ab_numpy = ab.detach().cpu().numpy().flatten() #.reshape(-1,2*stage+1)
torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'usrnet_plano_ours.pth')
np.savetxt('ab_plano_ours.txt', ab_numpy)
def main():
# ----------------------------------------
# load kernels
# ----------------------------------------
#PSF_grid = np.load('./data/Schuler_PSF01.npz')['PSF']
PSF_grid = np.load('./data/Schuler_PSF_facade.npz')['PSF']
#PSF_grid = np.load('./data/Schuler_PSF03.npz')['PSF']
#PSF_grid = np.load('./data/PSF.npz')['PSF']
#print(PSF_grid.shape)
PSF_grid = PSF_grid.astype(np.float32)
gx,gy = PSF_grid.shape[:2]
for xx in range(gx):
for yy in range(gy):
PSF_grid[xx,yy] = PSF_grid[xx,yy]/np.sum(PSF_grid[xx,yy],axis=(0,1))
# ----------------------------------------
# load model
# ----------------------------------------
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
model = net(n_iter=8, h_nc=64, in_nc=4, out_nc=3, nc=[64, 128, 256, 512],
nb=2, act_mode="R", downsample_mode='strideconv', upsample_mode="convtranspose")
model.load_state_dict(torch.load('usrnet_facade_gan.pth'), strict=True)
model.eval()
#model.train()
for _, v in model.named_parameters():
v.requires_grad = False
# v.requires_grad = False
model = model.to(device)
#imgs = glob.glob('/home/xiu/databag/deblur/synthetic/synthetic_dataset/ground_truth/*.png')
#imgs = glob.glob('/home/xiu/databag/coco/val2014/*.jpg')
#imgs.sort()
#img_L = cv2.imread('/home/xiu/workspace/dwgan/MPI_data/facade/blurry.jpg')
img_H = cv2.imread('./suo/5.jpg')
img_H = cv2.resize(img_H,dsize=None,fx=0.5,fy=0.5)
w_crop = img_H.shape[0] - 8*128
h_crop = img_H.shape[1] - 12*128
to_w = w_crop//2
to_h = h_crop//2
img_H = img_H[to_w:-(w_crop-to_w),to_h:-(h_crop-to_h),:]
#img_H = img_H[:8*128,:12*128]
img_L = util_deblur.blockConv2d(img_H,PSF_grid)
img_E = np.zeros_like(img_L)
img_E_deconv = []
img_E_denoise = []
for i in range(5):
img_E_deconv.append(np.zeros_like(img_L))
img_E_denoise.append(np.zeros_like(img_L))
weight_E = np.zeros_like(img_L)
patch_size = 2*128
num_patch = 2
p_size = patch_size//num_patch
expand = PSF_grid.shape[2]//2
#positional alpha-beta parameters for HQS
#ab_numpy = np.ones((num_patch*num_patch,17,1,1),dtype=np.float32)*0.1
#ab_numpy[:,0,:,:] = 0.01
ab_numpy = np.loadtxt('ab_facade_gan.txt').astype(np.float32)
ab_numpy = ab_numpy[...,None,None]
ab = torch.tensor(ab_numpy,device=device,requires_grad=False)
#save img_L
#while running:
for px_start in range(0,8-2+1,2):
for py_start in range(0,12-2+1,2):
#px_start = np.random.randint(0,PSF_grid.shape[0]+1-num_patch)
#py_start = np.random.randint(0,PSF_grid.shape[1]+1-num_patch)
PSF_patch = PSF_grid[px_start:px_start+num_patch,py_start:py_start+num_patch]
# x = util.uint2single(patch_L)
block_size = patch_size//num_patch
patch_L = img_L[px_start*p_size:(px_start+num_patch)*p_size,py_start*p_size:py_start*p_size+num_patch*p_size,:]
#patch_H = img_H[px_start*p_size:(px_start+num_patch)*p_size,py_start*p_size:py_start*p_size+num_patch*p_size,:]
#block_expand = expand*2
block_expand = expand
#block_expand = 1
if block_expand > 0:
patch_L_wrap = util_deblur.wrap_boundary_liu(patch_L,(patch_size+block_expand*2,patch_size+block_expand*2))
#centralize
patch_L_wrap = np.hstack((patch_L_wrap[:,-block_expand:,:],patch_L_wrap[:,:patch_size+block_expand,:]))
patch_L_wrap = np.vstack((patch_L_wrap[-block_expand:,:,:],patch_L_wrap[:patch_size+block_expand,:,:]))
else:
patch_L_wrap = patch_L
if block_expand>0:
x = util.uint2single(patch_L_wrap)
else:
x = util.uint2single(patch_L)
x_blocky = []
for h_ in range(num_patch):
for w_ in range(num_patch):
x_blocky.append(x[w_*block_size:w_*block_size+block_size+block_expand*2,\
h_*block_size:h_*block_size+block_size+block_expand*2:])
x_blocky = [util.single2tensor4(el) for el in x_blocky]
x_blocky = torch.cat(x_blocky,dim=0)
# x = util.single2tensor4(x)
# x_blocky = torch.cat(torch.chunk(x,num_patch,dim=2),dim=0)
# x_blocky = torch.cat(torch.chunk(x_blocky,num_patch,dim=3),dim=0)
k_all = []
for w_ in range(num_patch):
for h_ in range(num_patch):
k_all.append(util.single2tensor4(PSF_patch[h_,w_]))
k = torch.cat(k_all,dim=0)
[x_blocky,k] = [el.to(device) for el in [x_blocky,k]]
cd = F.softplus(ab)
beta = cd[:,9:,0,0].detach().cpu().numpy()
x_E = model.forward_patchdeconv(x_blocky,k,cd,[num_patch,num_patch],patch_sz=patch_size//num_patch)
x_E = x_E[:-1]
patch_L = patch_L_wrap.astype(np.uint8)
patch_E = util.tensor2uint(x_E[-1])
patch_E_all = [util.tensor2uint(pp) for pp in x_E]
#patch_E_z = np.hstack((patch_E_all[::2]))
#patch_E_x = np.hstack((patch_E_all[1::2]))
#patch_E_show = np.vstack((patch_E_z,patch_E_x))
#if block_expand>0:
# show = np.hstack((patch_L[block_expand:-block_expand,block_expand:-block_expand],patch_E))
#else:
# show = np.hstack((patch_L,patch_E))
#get kernel
for i in range(5):
img_E_deconv[i][px_start*p_size:(px_start+num_patch)*p_size,py_start*p_size:py_start*p_size+num_patch*p_size,:] += patch_E_all[2*i]
img_E_denoise[i][px_start*p_size:(px_start+num_patch)*p_size,py_start*p_size:py_start*p_size+num_patch*p_size,:] += patch_E_all[2*i+1]
weight_E[px_start*p_size:(px_start+num_patch)*p_size,py_start*p_size:py_start*p_size+num_patch*p_size,:] += 1.0
#cv2.imshow('stage',patch_E_show)
#cv2.imshow('HL',show)
#cv2.imshow('RGB',rgb)
#key = cv2.waitKey(-1)
#if key==ord('n'):
# break
img_E = img_E/weight_E
img_E_deconv = [pp/weight_E for pp in img_E_deconv]
img_E_denoise = [pp/weight_E for pp in img_E_denoise]
# img_L = img_L.astype(np.uint8)
# img_E = img_E.astype(np.uint8)
# img_E_deconv = img_E_deconv.astype(np.uint8)
# img_E_denoise = img_E_denoise.astype(np.uint8)
# cv2.imshow('imE',img_E)
# cv2.imshow('imE_deconv',img_E_deconv)
# cv2.imshow('imE_denoise',img_E_denoise)
# cv2.imshow('imL',img_L)
for i in range(5):
zk = img_E_deconv[i]
xk = img_E_denoise[i]
zk = zk.astype(np.uint8)
xk = xk.astype(np.uint8)
cv2.imwrite('/home/xiu/workspace/dwgan/suo/z5-{}.png'.format(i),zk)
cv2.imwrite('/home/xiu/workspace/dwgan/suo/x5-{}.png'.format(i),xk)
print(i)
