class HCSR04:
"""Control a HC-SR04 ultrasonic range sensor.
Example use:
::
import time
import board
import adafruit_hcsr04
sonar = adafruit_hcsr04.HCSR04(trigger_pin=board.D2, echo_pin=board.D3)
while True:
try:
print((sonar.distance,))
except RuntimeError:
print("Retrying!")
pass
time.sleep(0.1)
"""
def __init__(self, trigger_pin, echo_pin, *, timeout=0.1):
"""
:param trigger_pin: The pin on the microcontroller that's connected to the
``Trig`` pin on the HC-SR04.
:type trig_pin: microcontroller.Pin
:param echo_pin: The pin on the microcontroller that's connected to the
``Echo`` pin on the HC-SR04.
:type echo_pin: microcontroller.Pin
:param float timeout: Max seconds to wait for a response from the
sensor before assuming it isn't going to answer. Should *not* be
set to less than 0.05 seconds!
"""
self._timeout = timeout
self._trig = DigitalInOut(trigger_pin)
self._trig.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo = PulseIn(echo_pin)
self._echo.pause()
self._echo.clear()
else:
self._echo = DigitalInOut(echo_pin)
self._echo.direction = Direction.INPUT
def __enter__(self):
"""Allows for use in context managers."""
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
"""Automatically de-initialize after a context manager."""
self.deinit()
def deinit(self):
"""De-initialize the trigger and echo pins."""
self._trig.deinit()
self._echo.deinit()
@property
def distance(self):
"""Return the distance measured by the sensor in cm.
This is the function that will be called most often in user code. The
distance is calculated by timing a pulse from the sensor, indicating
how long between when the sensor sent out an ultrasonic signal and when
it bounced back and was received again.
If no signal is received, we'll throw a RuntimeError exception. This means
either the sensor was moving too fast to be pointing in the right
direction to pick up the ultrasonic signal when it bounced back (less
likely), or the object off of which the signal bounced is too far away
for the sensor to handle. In my experience, the sensor can detect
objects over 460 cm away.
:return: Distance in centimeters.
:rtype: float
"""
return self._dist_two_wire(
) # at this time we only support 2-wire meausre
def _dist_two_wire(self):
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo.clear() # Discard any previous pulse values
self._trig.value = True # Set trig high
time.sleep(0.00001) # 10 micro seconds 10/1000/1000
self._trig.value = False # Set trig low
pulselen = None
timestamp = time.monotonic()
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo.resume()
while not self._echo:
# Wait for a pulse
if (time.monotonic() - timestamp) > self._timeout:
self._echo.pause()
raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
self._echo.pause()
pulselen = self._echo[0]
else:
# OK no hardware pulse support, we'll just do it by hand!
# hang out while the pin is low
while not self._echo.value:
if time.monotonic() - timestamp > self._timeout:
raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
timestamp = time.monotonic()
# track how long pin is high
while self._echo.value:
if time.monotonic() - timestamp > self._timeout:
raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
pulselen = time.monotonic() - timestamp
pulselen *= 1000000 # convert to us to match pulseio
if pulselen >= 65535:
raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
# positive pulse time, in seconds, times 340 meters/sec, then
# divided by 2 gives meters. Multiply by 100 for cm
# 1/1000000 s/us * 340 m/s * 100 cm/m * 2 = 0.017
return pulselen * 0.017
class GroveUltrasonicRanger:
"""Control a Grove ultrasonic range sensor.
Example use:
::
import time
import board
import grove_ultrasonic_ranger
sonar = grove_ultrasonic_ranger.GroveUltrasonicRanger(sig_pin=board.D2)
while True:
try:
print((sonar.distance,))
except RuntimeError as e:
print("Retrying due to exception =", e)
pass
time.sleep(0.1)
"""
def __init__(self, sig_pin, unit=1.0, timeout=1.0):
"""
:param sig_pin: The pin on the microcontroller that's connected to the
``Sig`` pin on the GroveUltrasonicRanger.
:type sig_pin: microcontroller.Pin
:param float unit: pass in conversion factor for unit conversions from cm
for example 2.54 would convert to inches.
:param float timeout: Max seconds to wait for a response from the
sensor before assuming it isn't going to answer. Should *not* be
set to less than 0.05 seconds!
"""
self._unit = unit
self._timeout = timeout * TICKS_PER_SEC
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._sig = PulseIn(sig_pin)
self._sig.pause()
self._sig.clear()
else:
self._sig = DigitalInOut(sig_pin)
self._sig.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
self._sig.value = False # Set trig low
def __enter__(self):
"""Allows for use in context managers."""
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
"""Automatically de-initialize after a context manager."""
self.deinit()
def deinit(self):
"""De-initialize the sig pin."""
self._sig.deinit()
@property
def distance(self):
"""Return the distance measured by the sensor in cm (or user specified units.)
This is the function that will be called most often in user code. The
distance is calculated by timing a pulse from the sensor, indicating
how long between when the sensor sent out an ultrasonic signal and when
it bounced back and was received again.
If no signal is received, we'll throw a RuntimeError exception. This means
either the sensor was moving too fast to be pointing in the right
direction to pick up the ultrasonic signal when it bounced back (less
likely), or the object off of which the signal bounced is too far away
for the sensor to handle. In my experience, the sensor can detect
objects over 460 cm away.
:return: Distance in centimeters (can be divided by a unit conv factor.)
:rtype: float
"""
return self._dist_one_wire()
def _dist_one_wire(self):
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._sig.pause()
self._sig.clear() # Discard any previous pulse values
else:
#self._sig.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
self._sig.value = True # Set trig high
time.sleep(0.00001) # 10 micro seconds 10/1000/1000
self._sig.value = False # Set trig low
self._sig.direction = Direction.INPUT
pulselen = None
timestamp = MONOTONIC_TICKS()
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._sig.resume(10)
while not self._sig:
# Wait for a pulse
if (MONOTONIC_TICKS() - timestamp) > self._timeout:
self._sig.pause()
raise RuntimeError(
"Timed out (pulseio waiting for a pulse)")
self._sig.pause()
pulselen = self._sig[0]
else:
# OK no hardware pulse support, we'll just do it by hand!
# hang out while the pin is low
while not self._sig.value:
if MONOTONIC_TICKS() - timestamp > self._timeout:
self._sig.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
raise RuntimeError(
"Timed out (gpio, waiting for pulse leading edge)")
timestamp = MONOTONIC_TICKS()
# track how long pin is high
while self._sig.value:
if MONOTONIC_TICKS() - timestamp > self._timeout:
self._sig.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
raise RuntimeError(
"Timed out (gpio, waiting for pulse trailing edge)")
pulselen = MONOTONIC_TICKS() - timestamp
self._sig.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
pulselen *= (1000000 / TICKS_PER_SEC
) # convert to us to match pulseio
if pulselen >= 65535:
raise RuntimeError("Timed out (unreasonable pulse length)")
# positive pulse time, in seconds, times 340 meters/sec, then
# divided by 2 gives meters. Multiply by 100 for cm
# 1/1000000 s/us * 340 m/s * 100 cm/m * 2 = 0.017
# Divide by the supplied unit conversion factor
return (pulselen * 0.017) / self._unit
class RunGo:
groundColor_list = ((128, 128, 128), (255, 0, 0), (128, 128, 0),
(0, 255, 0), (0, 128, 128), (0, 0, 255), (128, 0, 128))
groundColor_name = ('White', 'Red', 'Yellow', 'Green', 'Cyan', 'Blue',
'Purple')
def __init__(self, enButtons=True):
self._buttonA = None
self._buttonB = None
self._enbuttons = False
if enButtons:
self._enbuttons = True
self._buttonA = DigitalInOut(board.IO43)
self._buttonA.switch_to_input(pull=Pull.UP)
self._db_buttonA = Debouncer(self._buttonA, 0.01, True)
self._buttonB = DigitalInOut(board.IO44)
self._buttonB.switch_to_input(pull=Pull.UP)
self._db_buttonB = Debouncer(self._buttonB, 0.01, True)
# 3x Neopixels RGB pixels: IO0
self._pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel( board.IO0, 3, \
brightness=0.5, auto_write=False, pixel_order=neopixel.GRB )
self._colors = [(255, 0, 0), (0, 255, 0), (0, 0, 255)]
for i in range(3):
self._pixels[i] = self._colors[i]
self._pixels.show()
self._pixelsRotationDt = 0.2
self._pixelsRotationSt = time.monotonic()
# Sense color Sensor (颜色传感器): IO7
self._colorSensor = AnalogIn(board.IO7)
# Lighting Sensor (光强度传感器): IO8--leftLightSensor, IO9--rightLightSensor
self._leftLightSensor = AnalogIn(board.IO8)
self._rightLightSensor = AnalogIn(board.IO9)
# left and right head-LED: IO17--rightHeadLED, IO18--leftHeadLED
self._leftHeadLED = DigitalInOut(board.IO18)
self._leftHeadLED.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
self._leftHeadLED.value = 0
self._rightHeadLED = DigitalInOut(board.IO17)
self._rightHeadLED.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
self._rightHeadLED.value = 0
# Ultrasonic module (超声波模块): IO11--trig, IO10--echo
self._timeout = 0.1
self._trig = DigitalInOut(board.IO11)
self._trig.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
self._trig.value = 0
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo = PulseIn(board.IO10)
self._echo.pause()
self._echo.clear()
else:
self._echo = DigitalInOut(board.IO10)
self._echo.direction = Direction.INPUT
# Tracking sensors (循迹传感器): IO4--rightTracker, IO3--rightTracker
self._leftTracker = DigitalInOut(board.IO4)
self._leftTracker.direction = Direction.INPUT
self._rightTracker = DigitalInOut(board.IO3)
self._rightTracker.direction = Direction.INPUT
# Motor (Right): IO41--rightMotor1IN, IO42--rightMotor2IN
self._rightMotor1IN = PWMOut(board.IO41, frequency=100, duty_cycle=0)
self._rightMotor2IN = PWMOut(board.IO42, frequency=100, duty_cycle=0)
# Motor (Left): IO12--leftMotor1IN, IO40--leftMotor2IN
self._leftMotor1IN = PWMOut(board.IO12, frequency=100, duty_cycle=0)
self._leftMotor2IN = PWMOut(board.IO40, frequency=100, duty_cycle=0)
# state of button A
@property
def button_A(self):
""" to check the state of Button-A on the RunGo
this example to check the state of Button-A
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
if car.button_A:
print('A be pressed')
time.sleep(0.05)
"""
if self._enbuttons:
return not self._buttonA.value
else:
return False
# state of button B
@property
def button_B(self):
""" to check the state of Button-B on the RunGo
this example to check the state of Button-B
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
if car.button_B:
print('B be pressed')
time.sleep(0.05)
"""
if self._enbuttons:
return not self._buttonB.value
else:
return False
def buttons_update(self):
""" to update the state of Button-A, and Button-B on the RunGo
this example to update the state of Button-A, and Button-B
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.buttons_update()
if car.button_A_wasPressed:
print('A be pressed')
if car.button_B_wasPressed:
print('B be pressed')
"""
if self._enbuttons:
self._db_buttonA.read()
self._db_buttonB.read()
else:
pass
@property
def button_A_wasPressed(self):
""" to check the state of Button-A on the RunGo
this example to check the state of Button-A
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.buttons_update()
if car.button_A_wasPressed:
print('A be pressed')
"""
if self._enbuttons:
return self._db_buttonA.wasPressed
else:
return False
@property
def button_A_wasReleased(self):
""" to check the state of Button-A on the RunGo
this example to check the state of Button-A
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.buttons_update()
if car.button_A_wasReleased:
print('A be released')
"""
if self._enbuttons:
return self._db_buttonA.wasReleased
else:
return False
def button_A_pressedFor(self, t_s):
""" to check the state of Button-A on the RunGo
this example to check the state of Button-A
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.buttons_update()
if car.button_A_pressedFor(2.0):
print('A be preased longly over 2.0 second')
"""
if self._enbuttons:
return self._db_buttonA.pressedFor(t_s)
else:
return False
@property
def button_B_wasPressed(self):
""" to check the state of Button-B on the RunGo
this example to check the state of Button-B
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.buttons_update()
if car.button_B_wasPressed:
print('B be pressed')
"""
if self._enbuttons:
return self._db_buttonB.wasPressed
else:
return False
@property
def button_B_wasReleased(self):
""" to check the state of Button-B on the RunGo
this example to check the state of Button-B
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.buttons_update()
if car.button_B_wasReleased:
print('B be released')
"""
if self._enbuttons:
return self._db_buttonB.wasReleased
else:
return False
def button_B_pressedFor(self, t_s):
""" to check the state of Button-B on the RunGo
this example to check the state of Button-B
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.buttons_update()
if car.button_B_pressedFor(2.0):
print('B be preased longly over 2.0 second')
"""
if self._enbuttons:
return self._db_buttonB.pressedFor(t_s)
else:
return False
@property
def pixels(self):
""" to control the pixels[0..2] on the bottom of RunGo
this example to control the color of three RGB LEDs
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
colors = [(255,0,0), (0,255,0), (0,0,255)]
while True:
for i in range(3):
car.pixels[i] = colors[i]
car.pixels.show()
# round colors
tc = colors[0]
colors[0] = colors[1]
colors[1] = colors[2]
colors[2] = tc
time.sleep(0.5)
"""
return self._pixels
@property
def pixelsColor(self):
c = (self._colors[0], self._colors[1], self._colors[2])
return c
@pixelsColor.setter
def pixelsColor(self, colors):
ln = min(len(colors), 3)
for i in range(ln):
self._pixels[i] = colors[i]
self._colors[i] = colors[i]
self._pixels.show()
def pixelsRotation(self, dt=None):
if not dt == None:
self._pixelsRotationDt = dt
et = time.monotonic()
if (et - self._pixelsRotationSt) >= self._pixelsRotationDt:
self._pixelsRotationSt = et
tc = self._colors[0]
self._colors[0] = self._colors[1]
self._colors[1] = self._colors[2]
self._colors[2] = tc
for i in range(3):
self._pixels[i] = self._colors[i]
self._pixels.show()
def motor(self, lspeed=50, rspeed=-50):
""" Dual DC-Motor control interface to achieve forward, backward, turn left and turn right
this example to demostrate car forward, backward, turn left and turn right
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
car.motor(50, 50) # forward with 50 speed (max-speed: 255)
time.sleep(1.2) # runing time (1.2s)
car.motor(-50, -50) # backward with 50 speed (max-speed: 255)
time.sleep(1.2) # runing time (1.2s)
car.motor(-50, 50) # turn left with car center
time.sleep(2.0) # runing time (2s)
car.motor(50, -50) # turn right with car center
time.sleep(2.0) # runing time (2s)
car.stop()
print("program done!")
"""
lspeed = min(lspeed, 255)
lspeed = max(-255, lspeed)
ldir = 0x01 if lspeed < 0 else 0x00 # 正反转: 0x00,CCW, 0x01,CW
lspeed = abs(lspeed)
lspeed = lspeed * 255 # 0~65535
rspeed = min(rspeed, 255)
rspeed = max(-255, rspeed)
rdir = 0x01 if rspeed < 0 else 0x00 # 正反转: 0x00,CCW, 0x01,CW
rspeed = abs(rspeed)
rspeed = rspeed * 255 # 0~65535
if rdir == 0x01:
self._rightMotor2IN.duty_cycle = rspeed
self._rightMotor1IN.duty_cycle = 0
if rdir == 0x0:
self._rightMotor1IN.duty_cycle = rspeed
self._rightMotor2IN.duty_cycle = 0
if ldir == 0x01:
self._leftMotor1IN.duty_cycle = lspeed
self._leftMotor2IN.duty_cycle = 0
if ldir == 0x0:
self._leftMotor2IN.duty_cycle = lspeed
self._leftMotor1IN.duty_cycle = 0
def moveTime(self, mtdir=0, mtspeed=50, mt=2.0):
""" Dual DC-Motor control interface to achieve forward, backward, turn left and turn right
this example to demostrate car forward, backward, turn left and turn right
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
car.moveTime(0, 50, 1.2) # forward with 50 speed, and running 1.2s
car.moveTime(1, 50, 1.2) # backward with 50 speed, and running 1.2s
car.moveTime(2, 50, 2.0) # turn left with car center, , and running 2.0s
car.moveTime(3, 50, 2.0) # turn right with car center, , and running 2.0s
print("program done!")
"""
if mtdir >= 0 and mtdir <= 3:
self.move(mtdir, mtspeed)
time.sleep(mt)
self.motor(0, 0)
def move(self, mdir=0, mspeed=50):
""" Dual DC-Motor control interface to car move(forward, backward, turn left and turn right)
this example to demostrate car move
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
car.move(0, 50) # forward with 50 speed, and running 1.2s
time.sleep(1.2) # runing time (1.2s)
car.move(1, 50) # backward with 50 speed, and running 1.2s
time.sleep(1.2) # runing time (1.2s)
car.move(2, 50) # turn left with car center, , and running 2.0s
time.sleep(2.0) # runing time (2.0s)
car.move(3, 50) # turn right with car center, , and running 2.0s
time.sleep(2.0) # runing time (2.0s)
car.stop()
print("program done!")
"""
sp = abs(mspeed)
if mdir == 0: # Forward
self.motor(sp, sp)
elif mdir == 1: # Backward
self.motor(-sp, -sp)
elif mdir == 2: # Rotate-Left
self.motor(-sp, sp)
elif mdir == 3: # Rotate-Right
self.motor(sp, -sp)
def stop(self):
# stop car
self.motor(0, 0)
@property
def leftLightSensor(self):
""" get the brightness value of the left-lighting-sensor
this example to get the brightness of left lighting sensor
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
print(car.leftLightSensor)
time.sleep(0.5)
"""
return self._leftLightSensor.value
@property
def rightLightSensor(self):
""" get the brightness value of the right-lighting-sensor
this example to get the brightness of right lighting sensor
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
print(car.rightLightSensor)
time.sleep(0.5)
"""
return self._rightLightSensor.value
def _getRawRGB_light(self):
__colorComps = ((255, 0, 0), (0, 255, 0), (0, 0, 255))
__bt = self._pixels.brightness
self._pixels.brightness = 1.0
self._pixels.fill(0x0)
self._pixels.show()
__Craw = [0, 0, 0]
i = 0
for cc in __colorComps:
self.pixels[0] = cc
self.pixels.show()
time.sleep(0.1)
__Craw[i] = int(self._colorSensor.value * 255 // (2**16))
i += 1
self._pixels.fill(0x0)
self._pixels.show()
time.sleep(0.1)
self._pixels.brightness = __bt
return __Craw[0], __Craw[1], __Craw[2]
@staticmethod
def _rgb2hsv(r, g, b):
__rR, __rG, __rB = r / 255, g / 255, b / 255
__Cmax, __Cmin = max(__rR, __rG, __rB), min(__rR, __rG, __rB)
__Cdelta = __Cmax - __Cmin
V = __Cmax # HSV: Value
if __Cmax == 0.0:
S = 0.0 # HSV: Saturation
else:
S = __Cdelta / __Cmax # HSV: Saturation
if __Cdelta == 0.0:
H = 0 # HSV: Hue
elif __Cmax == __rR:
H = 60 * (((__rG - __rB) / __Cdelta) % 6) # HSV: Hue [--Red++]
elif __Cmax == __rG:
H = 60 * (((__rB - __rR) / __Cdelta) + 2) # HSV: Hue [--Green++]
else:
H = 60 * (((__rR - __rG) / __Cdelta) + 4) # HSV: Hue [--Blue++]
H = int(H)
return H, S, V
@property
def groundColorID(self):
rawR, rawG, rawB = self._getRawRGB_light()
H, S, V = self._rgb2hsv(rawR, rawG, rawB)
if S < 0.075:
return 0 # white
if H < 30 or H >= 330: # 330~359, 0~29
return 1 # red
elif H >= 30 and H < 90: # 30~89
return 2 # yellow
elif H >= 90 and H < 150: # 90~149
return 3 # green
elif H >= 150 and H < 210: # 150~209
return 4 # cyan
elif H >= 210 and H < 270: # 210~269
return 5 # blue
else: # 270~329
return 6 # purple
@property
def groundColor(self):
return self.groundColor_name[self.groundColorID]
@property
def groundColorValue(self):
return self.groundColor_list[self.groundColorID]
@property
def leftHeadLED(self):
""" get the status value of the left-head-led
this example to get the state of left head LED
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.leftHeadLED = not car.leftHeadLED
time.sleep(0.5)
"""
return self._leftHeadLED.value
@leftHeadLED.setter
def leftHeadLED(self, value):
""" to control the left-head-led on or off
this example to control the state of left head LED
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.leftHeadLED = not car.leftHeadLED
time.sleep(0.5)
"""
self._leftHeadLED.value = value
@property
def rightHeadLED(self):
""" get the status value of the right-head-led
this example to get the state of right head LED
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.rightHeadLED = not car.rightHeadLED
time.sleep(0.5)
"""
return self._rightHeadLED.value
@rightHeadLED.setter
def rightHeadLED(self, value):
""" to control the right-head-led on or off
this example to control the state of right head LED
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
car.rightHeadLED = not car.rightHeadLED
time.sleep(0.5)
"""
self._rightHeadLED.value = value
@property
def distance(self):
"""Return the distance measured by the sensor in cm.
This is the function that will be called most often in user code. The
distance is calculated by timing a pulse from the sensor, indicating
how long between when the sensor sent out an ultrasonic signal and when
it bounced back and was received again.
If no signal is received, we'll throw a RuntimeError exception. This means
either the sensor was moving too fast to be pointing in the right
direction to pick up the ultrasonic signal when it bounced back (less
likely), or the object off of which the signal bounced is too far away
for the sensor to handle. In my experience, the sensor can detect
objects over 460 cm away.
:return: Distance in centimeters.
:rtype: float
this example to control the state of right head LED
To use with the IoTs2:
.. code-block:: python
import time
from hiibot_iots2_rungo import RunGo
car = RunGo()
while True:
print(car.distance)
time.sleep(0.5)
"""
return self._dist_two_wire(
) # at this time we only support 2-wire meausre
def _dist_two_wire(self):
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo.clear() # Discard any previous pulse values
self._trig.value = True # Set trig high
time.sleep(0.00001) # 10 micro seconds 10/1000/1000
self._trig.value = False # Set trig low
pulselen = 65535
ok_echo = True
timestamp = time.monotonic()
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo.resume()
while not self._echo:
# Wait for a pulse
if (time.monotonic() - timestamp) > self._timeout:
self._echo.pause()
ok_echo = False
break # output a error result vs stop running
#raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
self._echo.pause()
if ok_echo:
pulselen = self._echo[0]
else:
# OK no hardware pulse support, we'll just do it by hand!
# hang out while the pin is low
while not self._echo.value:
if time.monotonic() - timestamp > self._timeout:
break
#raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
timestamp = time.monotonic()
# track how long pin is high
while self._echo.value:
if time.monotonic() - timestamp > self._timeout:
break
#raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
pulselen = time.monotonic() - timestamp
pulselen *= 1000000 # convert to us to match pulseio
if pulselen >= 65535:
ok_echo = False
#raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
# positive pulse time, in seconds, times 340 meters/sec, then
# divided by 2 gives meters. Multiply by 100 for cm
# 1/1000000 s/us * 340 m/s * 100 cm/m * 2 = 0.017
return pulselen * 0.017
@property
def leftTracker(self):
"""
return l sensor status: True/1, no-reflected signal, maybe just above the black line
False/0, the state of the reflected signal
"""
return self._leftTracker.value
@property
def rightTracker(self):
"""
return r sensor status: True/1, no-reflected signal, maybe just above the black line
False/0, the state of the reflected signal
"""
return self._rightTracker.value
def tracking(self, lr_mode=0):
"""
lr_mode: 0, the width of back-line greater than the width between the l and r sensors
3, the width of white-line greater than the width between the l and r sensors
1, a barrow back-line be used, and l sensor be used to track
2, a barrow back-line be used, and r sensor be used to track
"""
if lr_mode == 0:
return self._leftTracker.value and self._rightTracker.value
elif lr_mode == 1:
return self._leftTracker.value and not self._rightTracker.value
elif lr_mode == 2:
return not self._leftTracker.value and self._rightTracker.value
elif lr_mode == 3:
return not self._leftTracker.value and not self._rightTracker.value
else:
return False
def trackSide(self, side=0, lr_mode=1):
if side == 0 and lr_mode == 0:
return self._leftTracker.value
elif side == 0 and lr_mode == 1:
return not self._leftTracker.value
elif side == 1 and lr_mode == 0:
return not self._rightTracker.value
elif side == 1 and lr_mode == 1:
return self._rightTracker.value
else:
return False
class HCSR04:
"""Control a HC-SR04 ultrasonic range sensor.
Example use:
::
import time
import board
import adafruit_hcsr04
sonar = adafruit_hcsr04.HCSR04(trigger_pin=board.D2, echo_pin=board.D3)
while True:
try:
print((sonar.distance,))
except RuntimeError:
print("Retrying!")
pass
time.sleep(0.1)
"""
def __init__(self, trigger_pin, echo_pin, *, timeout=0.1):
"""
:param trigger_pin: The pin on the microcontroller that's connected to the
``Trig`` pin on the HC-SR04.
:type trig_pin: microcontroller.Pin
:param echo_pin: The pin on the microcontroller that's connected to the
``Echo`` pin on the HC-SR04.
:type echo_pin: microcontroller.Pin
:param float timeout: Max seconds to wait for a response from the
sensor before assuming it isn't going to answer. Should *not* be
set to less than 0.05 seconds!
"""
self._timeout = timeout
self._trig = DigitalInOut(trigger_pin)
self._trig.direction = Direction.OUTPUT
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo = PulseIn(echo_pin)
self._echo.pause()
self._echo.clear()
else:
self._echo = DigitalInOut(echo_pin)
self._echo.direction = Direction.INPUT
def __enter__(self):
"""Allows for use in context managers."""
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
"""Automatically de-initialize after a context manager."""
self.deinit()
def deinit(self):
"""De-initialize the trigger and echo pins."""
self._trig.deinit()
self._echo.deinit()
@property
def distance(self):
"""Return the distance measured by the sensor in cm.
This is the function that will be called most often in user code. The
distance is calculated by timing a pulse from the sensor, indicating
how long between when the sensor sent out an ultrasonic signal and when
it bounced back and was received again.
If no signal is received, we'll throw a RuntimeError exception. This means
either the sensor was moving too fast to be pointing in the right
direction to pick up the ultrasonic signal when it bounced back (less
likely), or the object off of which the signal bounced is too far away
for the sensor to handle. In my experience, the sensor can detect
objects over 460 cm away.
:return: Distance in centimeters.
:rtype: float
"""
return self._dist_two_wire() # at this time we only support 2-wire meausre
def _dist_two_wire(self):
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo.clear() # Discard any previous pulse values
self._trig.value = True # Set trig high
time.sleep(0.00001) # 10 micro seconds 10/1000/1000
self._trig.value = False # Set trig low
pulselen = None
timestamp = time.monotonic()
if _USE_PULSEIO:
self._echo.resume()
while not self._echo:
# Wait for a pulse
if (time.monotonic() - timestamp) > self._timeout:
self._echo.pause()
raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
self._echo.pause()
pulselen = self._echo[0]
else:
# OK no hardware pulse support, we'll just do it by hand!
# hang out while the pin is low
while not self._echo.value:
if time.monotonic() - timestamp > self._timeout:
raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
timestamp = time.monotonic()
# track how long pin is high
while self._echo.value:
if time.monotonic() - timestamp > self._timeout:
raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
pulselen = time.monotonic() - timestamp
pulselen *= 1000000 # convert to us to match pulseio
if pulselen >= 65535:
raise RuntimeError("Timed out")
# positive pulse time, in seconds, times 340 meters/sec, then
# divided by 2 gives meters. Multiply by 100 for cm
# 1/1000000 s/us * 340 m/s * 100 cm/m * 2 = 0.017
return pulselen * 0.017